Nemtsov Deputy Prime Minister. What was the murdered oppositionist Boris Nemtsov known and famous for. Personal life of Boris Nemtsov
now deceased Boris Efimovich Nemtsov, who became the victim of a daring assassination attempt almost at the walls of the Kremlin - can be characterized as a prominent Russian opposition politician of a liberal orientation, statesman and public figure. In the past on account Boris Nemtsov- also such social roles as the governor of one of the most important regions of Russia and an average businessman. We will try to reflect the whole range of opinions about the meaning of personality Nemtsov for modern Russia. AT last years Boris Nemtsov was a member of the Bureau of the Federal Political Council of the United Democratic Movement "Solidarity" (since 2008), co-chairman of the People's Freedom Party "For Russia without arbitrariness and corruption". But once just Boris Nemtsov was called "Boris the Elder" (Yeltsin) by his successor, having proved himself in the positions of the head of the Nizhny Novgorod region, as well as Boris Nemtsov for some time he was vice-premier of the Russian Government (to be precise in the wording, his deputy chairman, he held this post in 1997-1998).
Biography of Boris Nemtsov
Boris Efimovich Nemtsov(October 9, 1959, Sochi - February 27, 2015, Moscow) - Russian politician and statesman, deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma of the sixth convocation, one of the founders and leaders of the Solidarity UDM, co-chairman of the RPR-PARNAS political party, member of the Coordinating Council of the Russian opposition.
The first governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region (1991-1997). Then Boris Nemtsov moved to work in the Government of Russia as Minister of Fuel and Energy (1997) and First Deputy Prime Minister (1997-1998). In 1997-1998 he was a member of the Security Council Russian Federation. At the time of work as a governor and vice-premier, Boris Nemtsov was the youngest Russian politician in these positions (until the appointment in April 1998 of Prime Minister S. Kiriyenko).
In 1998 Boris Nemtsov created the liberal movement Young Russia, which then became one of the founders of the Right Cause coalition (1998-2000) and the Union of Right Forces party. Boris Nemtsov he was elected several times to the Russian parliament, in 1990 he was elected a people's deputy of the RSFSR, in 1993 he was elected to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, in 1995-1997 he was a member of the Federation Council as a governor.
In 1999-2003 Boris Nemtsov- deputy State Duma Federal Assembly Russian Federation, where he served as Deputy Chairman of the State Duma and head of the SPS faction. After 2003, he worked in business and was a freelance adviser to the President of Ukraine.
After the split in the "Union of Right Forces" (when members of the same party decided to unite in "Just Cause") in 2008 Nemtsov was one of the initiators of the creation of the opposition democratic movement "Solidarity".
In 2009 with the support of Solidarity Boris Nemtsov he was nominated for the post of mayor of Sochi and took 2nd place in the elections after the candidate from the ruling party. Since 2012 Nemtsov was a co-chairman of the political party "Republican Party of Russia - Party of People's Freedom" (RPR-PARNAS). Boris Nemtsov known for publishing a number of reports on corruption, as well as one of the organizers and participants of the "March of Dissent" (2007), "Strategy-31", protest rallies "For Fair Elections" (2011-2013) and marches against hostilities on the territory of Ukraine ( 2014-2015). In the regional elections on September 8, 2013 Boris Nemtsov elected a deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma at the head of the list of the RPR-Parnassus party.
Boris Nemtsov shot dead on the night of February 27-28, 2015 by unknown persons in Moscow.
Boris Efimovich Nemtsov
Member of the Bureau of the Federal Political Council of the Solidarity movement - since December 13, 2008
Chairman of the Federal Political Council of the SPS Party May 27, 2001 - January 25, 2004
Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
April 28 - August 28, 1998
First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
March 17, 1997 - April 28, 1998
Prime Minister: Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin
Minister of Fuel and Energy of Russia April 24 - November 20, 1997
Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region 1995 - 1997
Party: People's Freedom Party, Solidarity Movement
Religion: Orthodoxy
Birth: 9 October 1959
Sochi, Krasnodar region, RSFSR, USSR
Father: Efim Davydovich Nemtsov (b. 1925)
Mother: Dina Yakovlevna Eidman (b. March 26, 1928)
Spouse: Raisa Akhmetovna Nemtsova
Children: Zhanna, Anton, Dina, Sophia
Origin of Boris Nemtsov
Was born Boris Nemtsov October 9, 1959 in Sochi in the family of the deputy head of the construction department Efim Davydovich Nemtsov(b. 1925) and pediatrician, Honored Doctor of Russia Dina Yakovlevna Eidman (b. 1928). Later in the TV show "Two Against One" Boris Nemtsov He said that "Jewish blood flows" in him. According to the memories Nemtsov, his paternal grandmother was Russian and in childhood she baptized him in secret from her Jewish mother, which caused her great displeasure.
Education and early years of Boris Nemtsov
Boris Nemtsov studied in Gorky, where he received secondary and higher education. In 1976 he entered the Radiophysics Faculty of the Gorky state university them. N. I. Lobachevsky, where his maternal uncle Vilen Yakovlevich Eidman taught. cousin Nemtsov's brother, the son of Vilen Eidman - Igor Eidman also studied at Gorky University, in 1997 he moved to Moscow.
Then Boris Nemtsov worked in research institutes. He dealt with the problems of plasma physics, acoustics and hydrodynamics. In 1985 Boris Nemtsov Together with his uncle, he was a co-author of V. V. Kurin in the article “Harbinger and side waves when impulses are reflected from the interface between two media.” In 1985 he defended his dissertation and received a PhD in physics and mathematics (topic: "Coherent effects of the interaction of moving sources with radiation").
In those years Boris Nemtsov worked as an English tutor. Tried myself Boris Nemtsov and in literature - namely: he wrote poetry and stories under the pseudonym Ben Aidman.
March 1990 Boris Nemtsov elected People's Deputy of the RSFSR for the Gorky National Territorial District, was a member of the Coalition of Reforms bloc and the Left Center - Cooperation faction.
During the presidential elections in Russia in 1991 Boris Nemtsov was a confidant of Boris Yeltsin in the Nizhny Novgorod region. From August 27, 1991 to April 18, 1994 Boris Nemtsov was the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
On November 30, 1991, a decree of the President of the RSFSR was signed on appointment of Nemtsov head of administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In 1993 Boris Nemtsov was elected to the Federation Council, his election campaign, as the Kommersant newspaper wrote, was financed by a businessman with a prison record Andrei Klimentyev.
Activities of Boris Nemtsov in the banking sector and its consequences (loss of assets by Russia)
In 1994, the Bank of New York transferred $2 million in the Nizhny Novgorod region, an American banker of Russian origin, Natalya Gurfinkel-Kagalovskaya, was responsible for the operation. The transfer was declared erroneous, but the Nizhegorodets bank, which was in a state of bankruptcy, used this money and paid off its creditors. The US Embassy in Russia turned to Nemtsov, who, according to the Prosecutor General's Office, instructed the director of Nizhpoligraph, a large state enterprise in Nizhny Novgorod, to take out a $3.5 million loan from an Inkombank branch secured by his new administrative building, which, being federal property, was not subject to privatization. However, thanks to the actions of Anatoly Chubais, who was then the head of the State Property Committee, the deal was completed.
Of the loan received, according to investigators, $2 million was transferred to the Bank of New York. However, the loan was not returned, and the mortgaged building became the property of Inkombank. At the beginning of 1998, a criminal case was initiated on the fact of the illegal alienation of federal property, the investigators conducted interrogation of Nemtsov.
In 1997, former adviser Nemtsov with a criminal record Andrey Klimentyev on the new litigation stated that Nemtsov first asked him to pay the Bank of New York a $2 million debt. However, since Klimentyev did not have free money, then Boris Nemtsov turned to "Nizhpoligraf". "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" wrote in 2003 that the value of the mortgaged building is 10 times higher than the mortgage and " Boris Nemtsov's scam could cost the state $30-40 million.”
Connections and trials between Boris Nemtsov and Andrey Klimentyev
According to the Kommersant business publication, the election campaign Boris Nemtsov in the elections to the Federation Council was financed by the previously convicted Andrey Klimentyev, with whom Nemtsov has known since the 1980s. On Boris Nemtsov and another candidate, Klimentyev spent 100 million rubles. Klimentyev entered Nemtsov's inner circle, becoming his adviser. As Nezavisimaya Gazeta wrote, “Klimentiev was not only a friend and adviser for a long time Governor Boris Nemtsov, but was actually the main Nizhny Novgorod businessman, who largely determined Nemtsov's economic policy».
On January 20, 1994, the Russian Ministry of Finance and the Navashino Shipbuilding Plant Oka, which was state-owned at that time, entered into a loan agreement in the amount of $30 million. Part of the loan in the amount of $18 million was transferred to the plant for targeted expenses, the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod Region became the guarantor of the loan repayment.
In the summer of 1994, during the privatization, Andrei Klimentyev bought a 30 percent stake in the Oka plant, and in January 1995 he became a member of the board of directors of the plant. The administration of the region did not exercise control over the spending of the loan allocated to the plant, and part of the funds was spent inappropriately.
In early 1995, on the initiative Boris Nemtsov The prosecutor's office initiated a criminal case against Andrey Klimentyev, Boris Nemtsov testified for the prosecution in court. Klimentiev and plant director Kislyakov were found guilty of embezzling $2,462,000, but the verdict was then overturned by the Supreme Court, which fully acquitted the businessmen.
In 1998, Klimentyev was again tried in this case, found guilty, and he was sentenced to 6 years in prison.
Klimentiev, in turn, accused Boris Nemtsov in accepting and extorting bribes, also stating that the criminal case is revenge on the part of Nemtsov. So, according to Klimentiev, Boris Nemtsov asked him to pay the American Bank of New York a $2 million debt for Nizhegorodets Bank, expecting to receive $400,000 from the transfer. Moreover, as Klimentiev stated, Boris Nemtsov wanted to receive 800 thousand dollars for helping the plant in obtaining a loan. Nemtsov himself called Klimentyev's accusations slander. As Alexander Prudnik, a senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, wrote, the arrest of Klimentyev “can be considered the first experience in Russia in introducing penitentiary technologies into the political, electoral reality.”
Boris Nemtsov's connections with B. Brevnov
Since 1992, economic adviser Nemtsov a young businessman Boris Brevnov began to work, whom he himself Boris Nemtsov later described as a "talented person."
In March 1992, Yegor Gaidar signed a government decree allowing Boris Nemtsov create a conversion fund. The money transferred to this fund went to the account of the Nizhny Novgorod Banking House, a commercial bank established with public funds. In the same year, Brevnov with permission Nemtsov became chairman of the board of the bank. In 1997, Brevnov was elected chairman of its board of directors. The bank established a subsidiary LLC "Region", which was owned by Brevnov. According to the head of the working commission of the State Duma, Vladimir Semago, significant amounts were transferred to Region LLC.
The bank appeared in the case of the embezzlement of a state loan to the Navashinsky shipbuilding plant Oka. As wrote Chief Editor newspaper "Industrial Vedomosti" Moses Gelman, "manipulation Nemtsov and Brevnov with budget money, among other things, led to the collapse of the Navashinsky shipyard itself, and, consequently, to unemployment in this city.
In 1992 Boris Nemtsov, in his own words, introduced Brevnov to US citizen Gretchen Wilson, an employee of the International Finance Corporation. In 1997, Brevnov and Wilson got married. As Novaya Gazeta wrote, Wilson, with the help of Nemtsov“privatized the largest Balakhna paper mill for only seven million dollars (the real price of a unique mill is ten times higher than this price).
Everything that was possible was sucked out of the plant, and subsequently it was destroyed, creating unbearable conditions for the workers.” The Balakhna plant was bought for $7 million by the American bank CS First Boston (whose Moscow branch was headed by Boris Yordan). Andrey Klimentiev, former Counsel Nemtsov, said that the annual turnover of the plant was $ 250 million, and CS First Boston bank later organized trips Nemtsov in Swiss Davos. In his book Confessions of a Rebel Boris Nemtsov called Wilson "a very intelligent woman" who "did a lot for the Nizhny Novgorod region."
Later when Nemtsov went to work in Russian government, Brevnov, under his patronage, becomes the chairman of the board of RAO UES of Russia.
The activities of Boris Nemtsov as governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region
In December 1995, in the elections in the Nizhny Novgorod region Boris Nemtsov was elected governor. The Kommersant newspaper wrote that in 1995 Boris Nemtsov"gained great fame as a reformer", whose experience in restructuring the economy of a particular region, the government recommended to implement everywhere.
At the beginning of 1996 by initiative of Boris Nemtsov in the Nizhny Novgorod region, a collection of signatures was held for the withdrawal Russian troops from Chechnya. On January 29, 1996, these signatures were handed over to President Yeltsin.
In his work "History of the latest domestic journalism" Dr. historical sciences, Professor, Department of Printing, Lomonosov Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Rafail Hovsepyan wrote: All the media reported on a truly massive action held by the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region B. Nemtsov. He presented the President with a million signatures from Nizhny Novgorod citizens demanding an end to the war in Chechnya. The action of Nizhny Novgorod residents was supported by many regions of the country.
In the spring of 1996, an initiative group Boris Nemtsov was nominated as a candidate for the post of President of Russia, but refused to participate in the elections.
In 1996, in a publication edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Tatyana Zaslavskaya, the opinion of the chief specialist State Committee on Affairs of the Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation Olga Senatova. O. Senatova described the Boris Nemtsov regime as authoritarian. According to O. Senatova, in the absence of control from the federal center (from 1991 to 1994 he combined the posts of the head of the administration and the representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the region), Nemtsov established total control over the media, which hindered the activities of the opposition and contributed to the formation of an absolutely manageable legislative body - more than 60%, according to Senatova, were executive functionaries at all levels.
According to O. Senatova, “the displacement of structures and individuals from local politics led to an inadequately large number of Nizhny Novgorod residents in the federal lists of parties and movements” - personalities ousted from local politics “rushed” to the federal level. Nemtsov patronized by the federal center, which contributed a lot to the inflow of investments into the region. According to O. Senatova, Boris Nemtsov provided patronage to a number of commercial firms (the firm "Aroko", the bank "Nizhny Novgorod Banking House" by Boris Brevnov, etc.), at the same time complicating the activities of foreign or independent small companies. According to O. Senatova, the combination of a fairly effective domestic policy with the work of the “propaganda machine” ensured Nemtsov high popularity among the population.
Sergey Borisov, President of the Nizhny Novgorod Research Foundation, in his study "The current political regime in the Nizhny Novgorod region: Formation in the 1990s" calls one of the "most natural consequences of authoritarianization political regime» folding around Nemtsov by the end of 1993, "an informal alliance of individual representatives of the most influential, elitist corporations": the executive and legislative branches of government, local "siloviki", entrepreneurs and media leaders.
Borisov noted the following features characteristic of the regime of regional authoritarianism (as Borisov wrote, "in the very set of these features of the regime of regional authoritarianism, the Nizhny Novgorod region was no exception"):
* "dominance of the executive power over the representative power at all levels";
* "the predominance of the principle of corporatism in the code of conduct of subjects of political relations";
* "admission by the authorities of the strengthening of other centers of economic and political influence within the limits strictly controlled by it";
* "direct or indirect control over regional media, primarily electronic";
* "a stable contract with the central government, which includes formal and informal guarantees of mutual loyalty";
* "widespread use of populist tools in relations with the population."
According to Borisov, a liberal-populist version of such a regime has been implemented in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Alternative poles of political influence outside the ruling hierarchy were not suppressed by the administration Governor Nemtsov, however, their possible strengthening was under close attention and was limited, as Sergei Borisov wrote, using a variety of means. The activity of representative bodies of power was also pushed aside by the governor's administration from the epicenter of the political process.
At the same time, as Borisov wrote, the political opposition was not perceived by the governor as something necessarily hostile, and was surrounded by "an atmosphere of a certain tolerance." Political rivals of the governor were forced out to the periphery public life not by hardware pressure, but by public policy methods.
Candidate of Historical Sciences Nikolai Raspopov wrote that ""the regime Boris Nemtsov“was characterized by many experts as close to authoritarian.”
Alexander Prudnik, an employee of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, wrote that the events after January 1994 in the history of the Nizhny Novgorod region "represent a technology for intuitively working out new elements of managed democracy." According to Prudnik, Boris Nemtsov"blocked the path to the desired future for many talented Nizhny Novgorod residents - both the new generation of politicians and the new generation of entrepreneurs."
The collection of scientific papers of the Moscow Public Science Foundation stated that “the style of political leadership Nemtsov can be described as intuitive, improvisational and mildly authoritarian."
In a study by Sergei Borisov, it was said that during the period governorship of Boris Nemtsov in the Nizhny Novgorod region there was a rapid development of the mass media. The number of city and regional newspapers has doubled, changes have taken place on television - by the beginning of 1997, seven television companies were operating in Nizhny Novgorod on six local channels. Borisov wrote that during the governorship Nemtsov there were no recurrences (or surrogates) of censorship in the region, spoke about the "unprecedented openness of the regional administration", for example, journalists had free access to weekly operational meetings of the governor's administration, there was no accreditation procedure at all.
BBC Russian Service correspondent Danila Galperovich called the Nizhny Novgorod region a "journalistic paradise":
The city of unafraid journalists - this is how Nizhny Novgorod was called in the mid-1990s for the freedom that was bestowed on the local pen and camera sharks by the Nizhny Novgorod governor Boris Nemtsov. - "Journalistic Paradise in Nizhny Novgorod".// BBC Russian Service
Galperovich in his article quoted Tatyana Postnikova, editor-in-chief of the Nizhny Novgorod Rabochy daily newspaper, who compared the situation in the 1990s with the state of affairs in 2003:
« Boris Nemtsov- he was a good newsmaker himself, and was very open to the press. Therefore, it was interesting to work with him. Now we are working with officials who do not want to be either transparent or open. But they really want to be praised, and for this they come up with all sorts of press conferences, press releases, but nothing more.
The editor-in-chief of AiF-NN, Natalia Lisitsyna, stated:
... The other day I was talking with a colleague from Ukraine and envied with white envy - there is really free media. The situation is about the same as it was in Russia in the 90s. Especially - in Nizhny Novgorod, which was called "the land of fearless journalists."
By the way, he didn't call it that at all. Boris Nemtsov as many people think. It was at one of the press conferences that Nizhny Novgorod journalists were envied by colleagues from the Ulyanovsk region, which was then ruled by the “red” governor. They were amazed that the press service in Nizhny Novgorod does not collect questions for press conferences in advance, while the media can easily and without prejudice criticize even the mayor, even the deputies, even the head of the region. - Natalia Lisitsyna "Gag for the media." // APN - Nizhny Novgorod
Shortly after appointment Boris Nemtsov head of the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region, radical economic reforms began in Russia, which, according to a number of researchers, led to a sharp decline in Russian economy and a significant decline in the living standards of the population. The economic downturn at that time was also observed in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Nemtsov considered the federal government under Yegor Gaidar to be incompetent, and he assessed the reforms carried out by him as "sluggish schizophrenia." To the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin Nemtsov He was also critical at first, but then changed his mind.
Profile magazine wrote that Boris Nemtsov“due to his exceptional ability to extort investments from the federal center” he achieved considerable success in the region: one and a half hundred churches were restored, thousands of kilometers of roads and more than a hundred bridges were built, one hundred thousand houses were gasified, international Airport where Margaret Thatcher, John Major and French Prime Minister Alain Joupet landed.
Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations State Duma Deputy Stepan Sulakshin wrote:
"Success" indicators Nemtsov in the Nizhny Novgorod region are as follows: the number of criminals here is greater than the national average; the number of patients is higher than the national average; the standard of living is 1.5 times lower than in Russia as a whole; mortality of the population at the level of the first war years; (...) the industry of the region has practically been stopped, the Chkalov shipyard is standing, the Sormovsky plant has been stopped
Doctor of Historical Sciences R. A. Medvedev wrote:
In 1995 Boris Nemtsov won the gubernatorial election by a wide margin from other applicants. It was then written about as a rising star of Russian politics, and about Nizhny Novgorod as the "capital of Russian reforms." One of the international economic journals included Boris Nemtsov in the list of "200 world leaders of the next century". However, the real successes of the region were not comparable with the scope of the propaganda campaign. There were many beginnings here, but they were not brought to an end, and the region did not become a showcase for liberal reforms. The famous Nizhny Novgorod fair showed wretchedness and decline Agriculture. The decline in production in many industries was even greater in the region than in the federation as a whole. The standard of living in the region has fallen significantly. The fact that the economy of the Nizhny Novgorod region did not collapse even more was not connected by local observers with Nemtsov's activities, but with the work of Vice-Governor Ivan Sklyarov, who was responsible for the economy.
From 1991 to 1996, the total number of reported crimes in the Nizhny Novgorod region decreased and fell below the national average, while the number of murders in the region increased by about 60%.
Boris Nemtsov's work in the Russian Government
On March 17, 1997, the appointment took place Boris Nemtsov First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia. By order of the Government of Russia dated March 25, 1997, the following duties were assigned to Nemtsov:
* organization of reforms in the social sphere and housing and communal services, ensuring the coordination of activities federal bodies executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in these areas of activity;
* conducting issues of housing and construction policy, antimonopoly policy, demonopolization and development of competition, the activities of natural monopolies, meeting the needs of the economy and the population in fuel and energy, in rail transportation;
* direct coordination and control of the activities of a number of executive authorities of the Russian Federation, including the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, the State Antimonopoly Committee, the State Committee for Housing and Construction Policy, and the Federal Energy Commission.
April 24 to November 20, 1997 Boris Nemtsov He also served as Minister of Fuel and Energy of Russia, from May 22, 1997 to October 1, 1998 - a member of the Russian Security Council. Roy Medvedev wrote that by appointing Boris Nemtsov, Yeltsin "to the displeasure of Chernomyrdin and Chubais, endowed the new favorite with a huge amount of authority and the ability to apply directly to the president," and also "promised to support Nemtsov for at least two years, or even longer."
Boris Nemtsov spoke about his plans, which he described as absolutely priority: First. Together with everyone, we must ensure the economic growth in these two years. Second. We have to do some unpopular, painful things about communal reform and cutting off countless social benefits. Third. We must ensure state control over natural monopolies. And as a result, they must reduce the level of corruption in the apparatus and the alienation of the people from power.
As Roy Medvedev wrote: A lot of efforts were made in the stated directions, and some particular tasks were solved. But the progress was so insignificant that few could notice it. So, for example, even under the competitive principle of supplying the army, the position of the military continued to deteriorate. Rejection of the system of "authorized" banks did not noticeably improve their work. The communal reform had to be postponed due to the poverty of the population and the state. The implementation of the pension reform required stability and high confidence in the state. It was also not possible to change the system of social benefits for the better. The fight against the privileges of officials stumbled already at the first high-profile event: the replacement of service Mercedes and Volvos with domestic Volga. (…) Senior officials began to fill out declarations of property and income. However, no one was going to check these declarations, although it was obvious that the amounts of income and property in them were many times underestimated. Unsuccessful and struggle Nemtsov with the oligarchs. There were many words about "predatory capitalism", as well as attempts to rein in natural monopolies, but little was actually done. Thousands of influential officials stood up to protect the oligarchs and natural monopolies, and Nemtsov never had his own team, and the support of the president became more and more sluggish.
In May 1997, on the recommendation Boris Nemtsov and with the assistance of Anatoly Chubais, 31-year-old Boris Brevnov from the environment Nemtsov in Nizhny Novgorod, he is a member of the management of RAO UES of Russia. Later, the Accounts Chamber of Russia discovered numerous financial violations in Brevnov's activities, and in 1998 he lost his post. As Olga Kryshtanovskaya, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, noted, “as a result of the Brevnov scandal, Boris Nemtsov actually loses control over RAO UES. Nemtsov is once again demoted: from the curator of the fuel and energy complex, he descends to the level of “providing the needs of the economy in fuel and energy.” Later myself Nemtsov he said that he sometimes made mistakes in the people he nominated for leadership, but emphasized that "he had nothing to repent of."
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Nakoryakov, characterizing the activities Boris Nemtsov and his nominee, wrote: “The collapse of the Russian energy industry began with the arrival of absolute non-professionals in the leadership. The starting point can be called the entry into the energy sector in the mid-90s Boris Nemtsov, B. Brevnova and their teams. Until a certain time, the technological backlog created in previous years was enough to withstand the efforts that the team of absolute amateurs in the energy and economics made to destroy the energy complex and lose control over it.”
In April 1997, according to the Public Opinion Foundation, 29% of Russians were ready to see Boris Nemtsov as a candidate for the post of President of Russia. At that moment, Boris Nemtsov was the leader in the presidential rating, in second place in popularity was the leader of the Communist Party Gennady Zyuganov, then General Alexander Lebed, Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov and Yabloko leader Grigory Yavlinsky. In the second round, according to sociologists, Nemtsov would have defeated any of the mentioned politicians.
Roy Medvedev wrote: But already at the beginning of 1998, everything began to change by itself. Popularity metrics Nemtsov fell 2, then 3 times. Less and less was written about him. Nemtsov was called "dummy", "Khlestakov", "unsuccessful trainer of natural monopolies." He was reproached for lack of consistency and perseverance, for dubious connections with dubious businessmen, for lack of education and promiscuity in means. Especially often he was portrayed as a playboy. Yes, and he himself, maintaining this reputation, began to appear at beauty contests and made ambiguous statements about pop stars.
By the end of 1999, the presidential Nemtsov rating dropped to 1 percent.
November 4, 1997 First Deputy Prime Ministers Boris Nemtsov and Anatoly Chubais, at a meeting with President Boris Yeltsin, sought the resignation of Boris Berezovsky from the post of Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. According to Boris Yeltsin, Nemtsov and Chubais said at this meeting that "a person who confuses business with politics cannot hold this position, they gave examples, they said that Berezovsky undermines the authority of the authorities in the country." The next day, a presidential decree was signed on the resignation of Berezovsky. According to Yeltsin's memoirs, the vice-premiers "gave a pretext" to get rid of Berezovsky, whom Yeltsin described as "an annoying 'shadow'".
On December 26, 1997, the State Duma adopted a resolution in which it described Boris Nemtsov as an irresponsible and unskilled politician, offering Yeltsin to relieve him of his post.
Early 1998 Boris Nemtsov was appointed to the post of Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the order of the Government of Russia dated May 13, 1998, on Nemtsov the following responsibilities were assigned:
* organization of land reform and reform in housing and communal services, reform in the field of transportation, ensuring the interaction of executive authorities in this area;
* conducting issues of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of scientific and technological progress, energy, construction, transport and communications;
* conducting issues of antimonopoly policy, including in the field of communications and transport, demonopolization and development of competition, support and development of small and medium-sized businesses, regulation of natural monopolies;
* management of issues related to the use of natural resources, monitoring and protection environment, development of forestry and fisheries;
* performance of the duties of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation in case of his temporary absence;
* coordination of the activities of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (in terms of issues of foreign economic and commercial activities);
* Direct coordination and control of the activities of a number of executive authorities of the Russian Federation, including the Ministry for Land Policy, Construction and Housing and Public Utilities, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, the Ministry of Transport, the State Antimonopoly Committee.
Decree of the Government of Russia dated May 15, 1998 on Boris Nemtsov was entrusted with the leadership of the commission of the Government of the Russian Federation on operational issues and the Interdepartmental commission on socio-economic problems of coal-mining regions.
May-November 1997 and since May 1998 Nemtsov He was also Chairman of the Board of State Representatives in RAO Gazprom.
Nemtsov is one of the initiators of the adoption of the Presidential Program for Management Training.
A few days after the default on August 17, 1998, the government of Sergei Kiriyenko was dismissed, Nemtsov became acting deputy chairman of the Russian government. According to the Profile magazine, Boris Yeltsin called Nemtsov and said that he had nothing to do with the crisis, and therefore would work until the year 2000, but Nemtsov refused.
August 24, 1998 Boris Nemtsov submitted his resignation, which was granted by the decree of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin on August 28, 1998.
As the Kommersant-Vlast magazine wrote, Boris Nemtsov "did not distinguish himself much" as deputy chairman of the government. From memorable initiatives Nemtsov magazine noted his call to transplant Russian officials for domestic vehicles.
The activities of Boris Nemtsov in 1998-2007 and work in the concern "Neftyanoy"
September 22, 1998 Boris Nemtsov was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council for Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation (on a voluntary basis).
In December 1998, the socio-political movement "Young Russia" was established. Boris Nemtsov was elected chairman of the federal political council of this movement. In the spring of 1999, Young Russia became part of the Just Cause coalition.
March 3, 1999 Boris Nemtsov declared that default is inevitable in Russia.
At the beginning of March 1999, information appeared in the press that Boris Nemtsov and a number of other representatives of the right forces. On March 16, Chairman of the State Duma Seleznev said that the Duma would not allow election to the board of directors of this company Boris Nemtsov, Yegor Gaidar, Sergei Kiriyenko and Boris Fedorov.
According to Seleznev, “the Right Cause electoral coalition would like to have a good sponsor in the form of RAO UES of Russia in the upcoming parliamentary elections, but these people have already made a mistake, and it is not clear what they have to do with energy.” March 22 Boris Nemtsov announced his refusal to work for RAO UES of Russia.
On April 2, 1999, the State Duma adopted a resolution stating:
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation received with concern media reports about the so-called peacekeeping initiative of a group of Russian politicians E. Gaidar, notorious in the past, Boris Nemtsov, B. Fedorov and A. Chubais in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Mentioned persons in almost all key issues of the economy, domestic and foreign policy followed the interests of the United States of America and a number of other member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which unleashed a criminal war in the Balkans. Their activities caused serious, and in some respects, irreparable damage to Russia.
In August 1999 Nemtsov positively commented on the approval of Vladimir Putin as chairman of the Russian government: “For the “right” forces, Putin is a completely acceptable figure. He is a hard-working, experienced and intelligent person, about the same level as Stepashin.
In September 1999, State Duma Chairman Gennady Seleznev called on the SPS leaders to make public the sources of funding for their election bloc. Seleznev recalled the statement of one of the leaders of the Union of Right Forces Boris Nemtsov that they are "not poor people." The speaker of the State Duma noted that Nemtsov"does not work anywhere, that is, according to the old laws, a parasite." As Seleznev stated, in this case it is not clear where the SPS funds come from "for posters, advertising, and it is not clear what these guys live on."
At the end of 1999 Boris Nemtsov Together with Sergei Kiriyenko and Irina Khakamada, he headed the list of the Union of Right Forces pre-election bloc. In December, he was elected to the State Duma in the 117th Avtozavodsky constituency of Nizhny Novgorod, served as Deputy Chairman of the State Duma, member of the State Duma Committee on Legislation and leader of the Union of Right Forces faction. He was one of the co-chairs of the Union of Right Forces party.
November 27, 1999 Nemtsov called Vladimir Putin the most worthy person of all the candidates who intend to participate in the presidential elections in Russia in 2000. He said that Putin should be the next president. According to Boris Nemtsov, Putin is a responsible, honest, not afraid to make difficult decisions for himself, a person who will form a capable, responsible and competent government.
Subsequently Nemtsov recognized Putin's support as erroneous:
If in terms of the level of corruption, the country slipped to 154th place under Putin, if the whole point of his being in power is how to fill his pockets and line the pockets of his friends. If all civil rights and freedoms in Russia have been destroyed, then, in fact, why not admit the wrong position, which was 11-12 years ago. Only die-hard idiots do not change their position all their lives. Let's remember how radio listeners, for example, treated Yeltsin in 1991? The support level was 85%, and then rolled down to 1% in 95-96.
Putin's support Boris Nemtsov also explained the official position of the Union of Right Forces:
In 1999, we had a really difficult choice - a serious discussion among the leaders of the SPS party. Three of the co-chairmen of the party, namely Gaidar, Chubais and Kiriyenko, supported Putin, Khakamada and I did not. But since we worked in the same organization, it was decided that the Union of Right Forces supported Putin, and we publicly had to adhere to this official position. At the same time, in 2000, as well as later, I never voted for Putin.
In the presidential elections in Russia, held in March 2000, Nemtsov voted for Grigory Yavlinsky.
On April 28, 2001, at the fourth congress of Young Russia, the self-dissolution of this movement was announced on the eve of the creation of the Union of Right Forces party.
May 27, 2001 Boris Nemtsov was elected chairman of the Federal Political Council of the Union of Right Forces.
In 2003 Boris Nemtsov topped the list of the Union of Right Forces in the elections to the State Duma, which did not overcome the 5% barrier. After the defeat in the elections, he resigned from the post of chairman of the political council of the Union of Right Forces.
In 2004-2005 Boris Nemtsov was the chairman of the board of directors of the Neftyanoy concern, whose president was Igor Linshits. According to the prosecutor's office, a criminal group operated in the bank, which was part of the concern, which, by carrying out illegal banking operations, received "criminal income in the amount of 57 billion rubles." After the start of company audits Boris Nemtsov left the concern, saying that he wanted to "eliminate any political risks in the business" of his friend Linschitz.
In 2004 Boris Nemtsov elected to the board of the "Committee 2008: Free Choice"
Boris Nemtsov and the "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine
In 2004 Nemtsov's party The Union of Right Forces officially supported Viktor Yushchenko during the presidential election campaign in Ukraine. In time " orange revolution» Boris Nemtsov became one of the few Russian politicians who came out in support of Yushchenko. Boris Nemtsov visited Kyiv several times, speaking at "orange" rallies.
February 2005 to October 2006 Boris Nemtsov was a freelance adviser to the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko. In the words of Boris Nemtsov, "his advice cannot be called life-changing, but he did what he could":
- I would single out three significant proposals made by me to Yushchenko. The first concerns the termination of the topic of the nationalization of property, the revision of the results of Kuchma's privatization. As many people remember, ex-premier Yulia Tymoshenko actively insisted on this. I made a proposal to freeze this issue. Yushchenko accepted it.
The second proposal concerns the petrol, meat and sugar crises, arranged by the same Tymoshenko. When she decided to put the economy into a tailspin, I came to Yushchenko and offered to dismiss Yulia Vladimirovna. I am not the author of the resignation, the author, of course, is Yushchenko. I just advised him to do it.
My third piece of advice was to create a broad orange-white-blue coalition. It was very difficult for Yushchenko to communicate with Yanukovych, but I explained to him that it would be democratic, because the people voted for Yanukovych. -
Participation of Boris Nemtsov in the Duma elections of 2007
Released in 2007 book by Boris Nemtsov"Confessions of a Rebel".
In September 2007, the SPS party congress approved Boris Nemtsov, along with Nikita Belykh and Marietta Chudakova, at the head of the SPS electoral list for the 2007 State Duma elections. During the election campaign, the Union of Right Forces issued a harsh criticism of the authorities headed by Vladimir Putin.
In November 2007, during the election campaign to the State Duma, a number of media outlets published a statement by the first issue of the SPS regional group for Ingushetia, Vakha Evloev, who negatively characterized the activities of Mr. Nemtsov:
AT biographies of Boris Nemtsov too many dark spots. This is an unreturned state loan of $18 million, which was issued to the Nizhny Novgorod region under the personal guarantees of the then governor Nemtsov. This is the failure of the housing and communal services reform, for which Nemtsov was responsible during his time in government. This is the failure of the antimonopoly policy, for which Nemtsov was also responsible. This list can be continued indefinitely. And most importantly, people have not forgotten all these achievements of Nemtsov with a minus sign ... Now Nemtsov at the head of the Union of Right Forces, he suddenly began to earnestly take care of pensioners and the poor. People perceive this combination as a mockery on the part of our party as a whole. This will ruin the party, I do not want to participate in this dishonest game.
Political scientist Alexander Kynev called this statement "a PR campaign to discredit one of the political parties", suggesting that it was made under duress.
In December 2007, the Union of Right Forces Congress put forward Boris Nemtsov candidate for the post of President of Russia to participate in the elections in March 2008. As of December 2007, Nemtsov's presidential approval rating was less than 1 percent of the vote. December 26, before the start of the election campaign, Boris Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy in favor of Mikhail Kasyanov.
Following the results of the elections to the Duma in December 2007, candidates for the post of President of Russia Boris Nemtsov, Vladimir Bukovsky and Mikhail Kasyanov made a joint statement. It specifically says:
The “elections” to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation, held on December 2, 2007, became the most unfree, most dishonest and dirtiest in the history of post-Soviet Russia.
A number of opposition representatives were not admitted to the elections at all. Those opposition parties that nevertheless managed to take part in the election campaign were subjected to unprecedented administrative pressure. Confiscation of campaign materials, arrests and beatings of activists, illegal detentions of candidates for deputies and even the murder of one of them, an organized campaign to discredit the opposition, false Goebbels propaganda in state media, lack of access of opposition parties to federal TV channels, restrictions on the work of international observers - all this became the hallmarks of the 2007 election campaign. - we quote an excerpt from the joint statement of Vladimir Bukovsky, Mikhail Kasyanov and Boris Nemtsov
In their statement, Bukovsky, Kasyanov and Boris Nemtsov pledged, in the event one of them wins the presidential election, to dissolve the State Duma of the fifth convocation and call new elections as soon as possible, which "will be held in accordance with the standards of multi-party democracy, with freedom of speech, transparency of all procedures and equal opportunities for all participants." None of these candidates were subsequently admitted to the presidential elections on March 2, 2008.
Self-dissolution of the Union of Right Forces, creation of the Solidarity movement
On February 12, 2008, the presentation of the “independent expert report” took place in the office of the SPS party Boris Nemtsov co-authored with Vladimir Milov “Putin. Results". On the same day Boris Nemtsov announced the suspension of his membership in the Union of Right Forces, refusing to comment on this decision.
April 5, 2008 in St. Petersburg Boris Nemtsov took part in the conference "New Agenda for the Democratic Movement".
At the conference, it was decided to start creating a united democratic movement "Solidarity". Boris Nemtsov joined the coordinating group for the preparation of the first congress of Solidarity, in the course of this work he took part in the founding conferences of the new movement in Moscow, Irkutsk, Krasnodar, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa and other cities.
On November 15, 2008, at an extraordinary congress, the SPS party announced its self-dissolution. On the basis of the liquidated parties of the Union of Right Forces, Civil Force and the DPR, a new party "Just Cause" was created. Boris Nemtsov was one of the persistent opponents of the dissolution of the Union of Right Forces, called Right Cause a "Kremlin project" and actively tried to convince his party comrades to abandon the voluntary liquidation of the Union of Right Forces, but the majority decided otherwise. Smaller part former members SPS, including Boris Nemtsov, refused to participate in the Right Cause.
December 13, 2008 at the first congress of the United Democratic Movement "Solidarity" Boris Nemtsov was elected a member of the federal political council of Solidarity and became a member of the bureau of the federal political council of the movement.
Representatives of the Yabloko party, sharply criticizing Solidarity, stated that it was Boris Nemtsov bears the main responsibility for the "black PR" against our party during the campaign for elections to the State Duma in 2003. We mean the so-called “YABLOKO Movement without Yavlinsky”, which many of us remember, appeared about a month before the start of the election campaign and disappeared without a trace after it ended.
Nemtsov's participation in the election of the mayor of Sochi
March 2009 Boris Nemtsov announced his intention to participate as a candidate in the election of the mayor of the city of Sochi. It's a decision mr Nemtsov accepted after receiving an appeal from a group of residents of Sochi with a request to stand as a candidate in the elections. On March 28, 2009, the municipal election commission officially registered Nemtsov as a candidate for mayor of the city of Sochi.
On the night of February 28, Boris Nemtsov, co-chairman of the RPR-Parnassus party, deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma, was shot dead near the Kremlin. The killer in the car fired at least 7-8 shots at Nemtsov when he walked along the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge, accompanied by 24-year-old Ukrainian model Anna Duritskaya. After that, the perpetrator managed to escape.
Four bullets hit the opposition politician in the back and he died within minutes. The preliminary causes of death were internal hemorrhage and brain rupture.
A criminal case was initiated under Part 1 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (murder) and Art. 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (illegal trafficking in weapons). The President of Russia instructed the heads of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB to create an investigative group and keep the investigation of this crime under personal control.
Currently, law enforcement agencies are considering several versions of the murder, related both to the political activities of Boris Nemtsov and his personal life.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has declared , what is this brutal murder has all the signs of a custom and is exclusively provocative."
And the press secretary of the head of state Dmitry Peskov named the crime is a provocation, which may be related to the opposition march planned for March 1 and "events in Ukraine."
Biography of Boris Nemtsov
Boris Efimovich Nemtsov was born on October 9, 1959 in Sochi.
In 1976 he entered the radiophysics department of the Gorky State University named after M.V. Lobachevsky. He worked in research institutes, dealing with the problems of plasma physics, acoustics and hydrodynamics.
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, author of more than 60 scientific works and several inventions.
The beginning of a political career
In 1990, he was elected a People's Deputy of the RSFSR, was a member of the Coalition of Reforms bloc and the Left Center - Cooperation faction.
During the presidential elections in Russia in 1991, he was a confidant of candidate Boris Yeltsin in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
On November 30, 1991, a decree was signed by the President of the RSFSR on the appointment of B. Nemtsov as the head of the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
In 1991-97 he worked as the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In 1993 he was elected to the Federation Council, in 1995-97 he was also a member of the Federation Council as the current head of the regional administration.
In 1995 he was awarded the medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II degree () - for services to the state associated with the completion of the first stage of check privatization. In 1996 he received the Order of the Holy Right-Believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, 1st Class, Russian Orthodox Church- for contribution to state building.
In the spring of 1996, the initiative group was nominated as a candidate for the presidency of Russia, but refused to participate in the elections.
Work in government
On March 17, 1997, he was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia. From April 24 to November 20, 1997, he also served as Minister of Fuel and Energy of Russia.
In early 1998, he was transferred to the post of Deputy Prime Minister.
After the default on August 17, 1998 and the subsequent resignation of the government of Sergei Kiriyenko, he became acting deputy chairman of the Russian government. However, on August 24, 1998, he submitted his resignation, which was granted by a decree of the President of Russia.
Building liberal parties
In 1998, he created the Young Russia liberal movement, which then became one of the founders of the Right Cause coalition (1998-2000) and the Union of Right Forces party.
At the end of 1999, together with Sergei Kiriyenko and Irina Khakamada, he headed the list of the Union of Right Forces pre-election bloc. In December, he was elected to the State Duma in the 117th Avtozavodsky constituency of Nizhny Novgorod.
In 1999-2003, he was a deputy of the State Duma, he held the positions of vice-speaker of the State Duma and head of the Union of Right Forces faction.
In 2003, he topped the list of the Union of Right Forces in the elections to the State Duma, which did not overcome the 5% threshold. After the defeat in the elections, he resigned from the post of chairman of the political council of the Union of Right Forces.
Commerce
In 2004-2005 he was chairman of the board of directors of the Neftyanoy concern, which was headed by his friend Igor Linshits.
In 2006, the Prosecutor General's Office charged I. Linshits and several employees of the Neftyanoy bank with violating banking legislation (according to one version, in connection with financing the opposition's election campaign). After the start of the audits of the company, Nemtsov left the concern, saying that he wanted to "eliminate any political risks in the business" of Linshits.
In 2010, the Prosecutor General's Office came to the conclusion that I. Linshits did not violate the law, withdrawing all the charges against him.
Ukraine
In 2004, the SPS party officially supported Viktor Yushchenko during the presidential election campaign in Ukraine. During the "orange revolution" Nemtsov visited Kyiv several times, speaking at rallies in support of the opposition.
From February 2005 to October 2006 he was a non-staff adviser to the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko.
In 2006 he was awarded the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class - for his significant personal contribution to the development international cooperation, strengthening the authority and positive image of Ukraine in the world, popularizing its historical and modern achievements.
Opposition to Putin
In September 2007, the congress of the SPS party approved Boris Nemtsov, Nikita Belykh and Marietta Chudakova at the head of the electoral list for the elections to the State Duma. During the election campaign, the "Union of Right Forces" came out with harsh criticism of the current government and personally Vladimir Putin.
In December 2007, he was nominated by the SPS congress as a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the 2008 elections, but withdrew his candidacy in favor of former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov.
In 2008, after a split in the Union of Right Forces over the merger into the Right Cause party, he suspended his membership in the Union of Right Forces and became one of the initiators of the creation of the opposition democratic movement Solidarity. Since 2008, he has been a member of the Bureau of the Federal Political Council of the Solidarity movement.
Elections in Sochi
In 2009, with the support of Solidarity, he ran for mayor of Sochi. In the April 26 elections, he won 13.6% of the vote, taking second place after acting. Mayor of Sochi Anatoly Pakhomov (76.86%).
The election campaign was accompanied by constant scandals and provocations against Nemtsov.
Last five years
In 2010-2012, he was repeatedly detained and arrested for participating in rallies and other opposition protests. He regularly acted as one of the organizers of mass protest events.
At the end of December 2010, Boris Nemtsov, Vladimir Milov, Vladimir Ryzhkov filed a lawsuit against Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company.
The reason for the lawsuit was the answer in the TV program "Conversations with Vladimir Putin" to the viewer's question: " What do Nemtsov, Ryzhkov, Milov and so on really want?
“Money and power, what else do they want?! At one time they stormed, in the 90s, they dragged along with the Berezovskys and those who are now in prison, many billions. come back and replenish their pockets, but I think that if we allow them to do this, they will no longer limit themselves to individual billions, they will sell the whole of Russia,"- said V. Putin.
MOSCOW, February 28 - RIA Novosti. Russian politician Boris Nemtsov, who in the past held a number of high positions in the government of the Russian Federation, and then went over to the opposition, was killed on Saturday night in the center of Moscow.
The investigation is considering all versions of the death of Nemtsov, including a contract killing, said the representative of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Yulia Ivanova.
Below is a biographical note.
Since 1967 he lived in the city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod).
In 1981 he graduated from the Radiophysics Faculty of the Gorky State University named after M.V. N.I. Lobachevsky.
In 1985 he defended his dissertation and received the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
In 1981-1990, he was a researcher at the Gorky Research Institute of Radiophysics.
In 1990 he was elected a people's deputy of the RSFSR, a member of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation.
In September 1991 he was appointed representative of the President of Russia in the Nizhny Novgorod region, in December 1991 - the head of the regional administration (governor).
In December 1993 he was elected to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the first convocation. He was a member of the Federation Council committee on budget, financial, currency and credit regulation, money issue, tax policy and customs regulation.
In 1995, he won the election of the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region, entered the Federation Council of the Russian Federation of the second convocation.
From March to December 1997, Nemtsov was also the Minister of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, and was Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government Commission on Operational Issues.
In March 1998, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was dismissed as part of the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin.
From April 1998, he took the post of Deputy Prime Minister in the government of Sergei Kiriyenko, in August 1998 he submitted his resignation, which was granted by President Boris Yeltsin.
Since September 1998, he has been Deputy Head of the Council for Local Self-Government under the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1999, he became chairman of the socio-political movement Young Russia, one of the leaders of the Just Cause coalition, then one of the leaders of the Union of Right Forces (SPS).
December 19, 1999 was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation. In January-May 2000, he was Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation, since May 2000 - the head of the SPS faction, was a member of the State Duma Committee on Legislation.
In May 2001, at the founding congress of the Union of Right Forces party, Nemtsov was elected chairman of the political council of this party, which united the members of the Union of Right Forces movement and most of the members of the Democratic Russia and Democratic Choice of Russia that had dissolved on the eve of the congress. Later he became a co-chairman of the SPS party. In January 2004, he resigned as co-chairman of the party, remaining its ordinary member.
In January 2004, he became one of the founders of the Committee 2008: Freedom of Choice.
In 2004-2005, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Neftyanoy Concern.
From February 2005 to October 2006, he was a freelance adviser to the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko.
The congress of the Union of Right Forces nominated Nemtsov as a candidate for the presidency of Russia to participate in the elections in March 2008. However, even before the start of the election campaign, Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy in favor of Mikhail Kasyanov.
In February 2008, he suspended his membership in the Union of Right Forces.
On December 13, 2008, at the first congress of the United Democratic Movement "Solidarity" he was elected a member of the federal political council of "Solidarity" and became a member of the bureau of the federal political council of the movement.
The Bureau of Solidarity nominated Nemtsov as a candidate for mayor of the future capital of the 2014 Winter Olympics - the city of Sochi. In the Sochi mayoral elections held on April 26, 2009, Boris Nemtsov came in second with 13.6% of the vote.
In 2010, Nemtsov co-founded the People's Freedom Party "For Russia Without Arbitrariness and Corruption".
In 2012, he was elected co-chairman of the political party "Republican Party of Russia - Party of People's Freedom" (RPR-PARNAS).
Nemtsov Boris Efimovich is a well-known Russian politician, statesman and public figure, businessman. During his career, Nemtsov achieved tremendous success in the Russian domestic politics, and in the foreign policy arena, many foreign leaders marveled at his resilience and desire for change. In 2015, the Ukrainian president called Boris Nemtsov "a connecting bridge between Ukraine and Russia."
Boris Nemtsov was born on October 9, 1959 in the city of Sochi. Father Efim Davidovich was an official. Mother Dina Yakovlevna Eidman is a doctor. Boris spent the first eight years of his life in his native city, but soon went with his mother and sister Yulia to Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod). Despite the separation of his parents, the boy continued to communicate a lot with his father, who helped the family financially and often took his son to the capital of the Soviet state.
baby photos
The future politician graduated from school with a gold medal, soon enrolling in Gorky State University, where he began a successful study at the Faculty of Radiophysics. After graduation, Nemtsov decided to work as a research assistant. At that time, he tried his hand at literature, wrote poetry and short stories under the pseudonym Ben Aidman, and constantly moonlighted as an English tutor.
In 1985, initially Boris Nemtsov completely immersed himself in science, working in various research institutes. The man became a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, in his "piggy bank" by 1986 there were more than 60 scientific papers on physics, acoustics and thermodynamics.
In youth | Our newspaper It was assumed that interest in scientific activity would become the basis for his further professional growth in this particular area, but everything changed in 1988, when Nemtsov joined the environmental movement. The members of the association opposed the construction of the Gorky nuclear power plant (as a result, the construction of the facility was stopped). From that moment on, politics became the main component of Boris Nemtsov's life.
Political career
The struggle against the construction of a large strategic facility was the beginning of the political career of Boris Nemtsov. In 1989, the novice politician was nominated as a candidate for people's deputies of the USSR from the regional society "For Nuclear Safety", but representatives of the election commission did not register him.
In 1990, Boris Nemtsov entered the election campaign, taking an active part in the creation of a new political association, Candidates for Democracy. As a result, he managed to win the elections and became a People's Deputy of the RSFSR. In addition, he was a member of the deputy groups "Russian Union", "Non-Party Deputies" and "Change".
In the State Duma | Political officer In 1991, it can be called a definite breakthrough in the career of Boris Efimovich. He becomes a confidant of a candidate for the presidency of Russia. The powers of the new representative of the head of the Russian Federation extended to the territory of the entire Nizhny Novgorod region. In August of the same year, a well-known official, while on vacation with his family in the capital of Russia, participates in the defense of the White House.
On November 30, 1991, Nemtsov was appointed head of the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region, becoming the country's youngest head of such a high level. During his tenure as governor, he managed to implement quite successful programs on the Russian territory entrusted to him. In particular, Nemtsov’s list of successful initiatives includes the Meter by Meter program (initiatives to reform living conditions for military personnel), as well as "People's Telephone", "Gasification of villages" and "GRAIN".
With Boris Yeltsin | Mirtesen As governor, Boris Efimovich repeatedly criticized the economic program of the chairman of the government of the RSFSR, but in the future the politician will still appreciate the efforts of an economist who tried to stop the process of destruction of economic sectors of the not so long ago omnipotent Soviet Union.
Nemtsov argued that the reforms were not carried out in full, and considered the government's inaction a manifestation of weakness. Thus, he decides in December 1991 to invite Grigory Yavlinsky to the Nizhny Novgorod region to organize the economic reform of the region. In 1992, Yavlinsky, heading Research institute The Center for Economic and Political Studies "EPIcenter" developed, together with Nemtsov, a large-scale program of regional reforms.
Photo politics | God-nemtsova.ru In December 1993, residents of the Nizhny Novgorod region elected their governor to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and in February 1994 he became a member of the Federation Council committee on currency and credit regulation.
In 1995, Nemtsov again became the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region. At that time, Boris Efimovich had a reputation as a progressive reformer, and his significant experience in restructuring the economic sectors of a particular region in the government was recommended to be implemented in all municipalities of the state. Reformatory thinking, assertiveness, the effectiveness of program implementation and the successful implementation of ideas in practice have become a kind of meaningful combination of factors that made many citizens believe that it is Boris Efimovich who is able to become that meaningful force for Russia that will lead the country to prosperity.
It should be noted that during his governorship, Nemtsov became a well-known media character due to a squabble with the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party on ORT television. During the telecast, Zhirinovsky doused his opponent with mango juice.
In 1996, Boris Nemtsov, taking the initiative, organized a collection of signatures in the Nizhny Novgorod region for the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya. These signatures were submitted to President Yeltsin for consideration.
In March 1997, Nemtsov already holds the position of First Deputy Prime Minister in the government. In his new position, Boris Efimovich began to oversee the social block, and also exercised control in the field of natural monopolies. He repeatedly suggested introducing new programs that could completely change the state of affairs in the country, laying a powerful foundation for the future development of the entire socio-economic sector.
MP | THEХЗ.ru In the spring of 1998, a large-scale reorganization of the government took place, Sergei Kiriyenko became the head of the Cabinet of Ministers. Despite significant reshuffles, Nemtsov continues to oversee the financial and economic block, he is still entrusted with the most important tasks in financial sector. After the default in August 1998, the Cabinet of Ministers of Russia resigns, Boris Nemtsov leaves the post of Deputy Prime Minister.
Opposition
As deputy chairman of the government, Boris Efimovich was remembered by citizens for his call to transfer all Russian officials to vehicles of domestic production. 13 years later, a similar proposal was made by the President of the Russian Federation, but Nemtsov, already the main opposition to the current government, called this idea "stale and unpromising."
Saying goodbye to the executive branch, Nemtsov created the Young Russia movement. In 1999, he was elected to the State Duma as part of the Union of Right Forces electoral bloc. From this faction on March 1, 2000, Boris Efimovich was elected deputy chairman of the Russian parliament.
Oppositionist | TRANSLATION In December 2003, the "Union of Right Forces" did not receive the necessary support of voters in the elections, not getting into the State Duma of the IV convocation. In 2004, Nemtsov resigned along with other co-chairs of the political council, explaining this situation with a failure in the elections.
Even before resigning from the post of co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces, Nemtsov was one of the main founders of the Committee 2008: Free Choice organization, and a chess player became the leader. The purpose of the organization was to consolidate all liberal forces on a single platform for further effective activities in the political field. Boris assumed that such an initiative would help change the vector of development of the state precisely due to radical changes in the structure of public administration on highest level.
With Garry Kasparov | Vedomosti In the fall of 2004, Boris Nemtsov supported the supporters of the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. He took an active part in the protests on Maidan Nezalezhnosti in Kyiv. The Russian politician welcomed the victory of the Ukrainian "right" and expressed his readiness to support them in their efforts to extend their vision of change to Russia. On the main square of the country, Ukrainian citizens welcomed Nemtsov's speeches.
In his speech, he repeatedly stated his readiness to hold similar actions in the Russian Federation. His vision of the development of the Russian state was not perceived at home. This often became a reason for criticism of Nemtsov in the Russian Federation, but the politician continued to work, trying to realize his own ambitious plans. From 2005 to 2006, Nemtsov served as a freelance adviser to the President of Ukraine. Viktor Yushchenko, who was the head of the Ukrainian state, then said that "Nemtsov's advice was not life-changing, but he did everything he could."
Photo politics | air force In March 2007, Boris Yefimovich welcomed the results of the next parliamentary elections with the participation of the Union of Right Forces, as the party was able to overcome the 7% barrier in six of the nine regions. In September 2007, Nemtsov entered the top three list of political forces, but did not become a State Duma deputy, since the party won only 0.96% of the vote.
In 2007, Boris Nemtsov ran for the post of head of the Russian Federation, but according to the results of the vote, the politician could not get even 1% of the votes of citizens. After that, harsh criticism poured into the political figure: some politicians spoke negatively about the results of his work in political sphere. In the same year, Boris Nemtsov's book Confessions of a Rebel was published.
In February 2008, Nemtsov announced that he was suspending his membership in the Union of Right Forces. The politician refused to explain this decision, but said that he intends to continue to cooperate with the party in various areas. Yet despite his efforts, the political association ceases to exist.
At a rally of the Solidarity movement | InterFax In 2008, a well-known politician, together with his colleagues, decided to organize a new opposition movement, Solidarity. The decision to organize a political force was made at the St. Petersburg conference "A New Agenda for the Democratic Movement". He also took part in the creation of Solidarity conferences in Moscow, Krasnodar, Irkutsk, Ufa and Nizhny Novgorod. Kasparov and Nemtsov become the leaders of Solidarity.
In 2009, Nemtsov was announced as a candidate for mayor of the future capital of the 2014 Winter Olympics - the city of Sochi. Elections in April 2009, Nemtsov lost, taking second place.
In 2010, Nemtsov took part in the creation of the opposition coalition "For Russia without arbitrariness and corruption." Based on the new political platform, it was decided to organize an effective party to win the parliamentary elections. It was established in December 2010 as the People's Freedom Party (PARNAS). The opposition has high hopes for the new political force, but in 2011 PARNAS was denied registration.
Arrest on Triumphalnaya Square | Apinews.ru On December 31, 2010, Boris Nemtsov, together with Ilya Yashin (Nemtsov's ally in Solidarity), was detained by police on Triumfalnaya Square after speaking at a rally, the holding of which had previously been coordinated with the capital's mayor's office without much confrontation. Law enforcement officers accused Nemtsov of violating public order, he was serving 15 days of arrest.
The last years of Boris Nemtsov's life were remembered for constant criminal proceedings. In 2012, he was charged with beating up blogger Maxim Perevalov, but the case was closed, and the video allegedly showing Nemtsov beating Perevalov at Domodedovo turned out to be irrelevant, as the blogger confused politics at the airport with another person. It turned out that the well-known politician was not at all involved in the incident.
Peace March 2014 | PARNASSUS In 2014, Nemtsov declared that he was a supporter of the Kyiv "Euromaidan", sharply criticizing Russia's policy towards Ukraine in the future.
On March 1, 2015, in Russia, he was going to take part in the protest march of the opposition "Spring".
Personal life
Boris Efimovich was married. With his wife Raisa Akhmetovna, they lived apart for the last years of their marriage. Raisa Akhmetovna worked as a librarian. From this marriage, Nemtsov has a daughter, Zhanna (born in 1984). In 2005, the girl decided to follow in the footsteps of her father, she ran for the elections to the Moscow City Duma. Despite the support of five political parties, Jeanne lost the election.
With wife Raisa | Evening Moscow Nemtsov also has children from journalist Ekaterina Odintsova: son - Anton, daughter - Dina. In 2004, Irina Koroleva, who served as his secretary, had a daughter, Sofia.
With Ekaterina Odintsova | KP Another lover of Nemtsov was Anastasia Ogneva, whom the politician met in 2012. He dated her for over three years.
Many accused Nemtsov of excessive attention to the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity, but he repeatedly stated that his women always simply loved, and men envied this state of affairs.
With Anna Duritskaya The last love of the politician was the Ukrainian model.
Nemtsov loved sports. In his free time, he liked to play tennis, which he had been doing since 1979, and was fond of windsurfing.
Murder
The night of February 27-28, 2015 was the last for the Russian oppositionist. At 23:40 (Moscow time) politician.
The murder of Boris Nemtsov took place on the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge when he was walking with Ukrainian model Anna Duritskaya. The criminals shot the politician, having fled the scene of the murder in a white car (this was recorded by local surveillance cameras). The President of the Russian Federation noted that the high-profile murder is "custom-made and provocative."
Photos from the scene of the murder | Evening Moscow The murder of Boris Nemtsov took place right on the eve of the opposition march scheduled for March 1, 2015. Thus, the opposition march "Spring" was one of the last projects of Nemtsov, since the public figure until the last moment remained the organizer of the procession. Due to the fact that the “Spring” march was moved to one of the most densely populated areas of the capital, Maryino, some oppositionists refused to take part in it, but the well-known Russian politician was not going to stop, calling the demands of the future action “more important than the venue of the opposition march ".
The head of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin took special control over the investigation of the crime. Law enforcement officers began to carry out operational and investigative measures.
Photos from the scene of the murder | LB.ua The death of Nemtsov excited the world community. Foreign political and public figures, having learned about the murder of a Russian opposition politician, called on the Russian authorities to bring the investigation to its logical conclusion. Many in the world said that finding the organizers and perpetrators of the massacre is a matter of honor for the whole state system Russian Federation.
Putin immediately instructed the law enforcement agencies to create a joint group of the RF IC, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB to investigate the circumstances of the terrible crime. In turn, the government also involved the best specialists to find out all the details of what happened.
Photo politics | What's happening? Nemtsov's friends and associates were shocked by the tragedy. In particular, the well-known Russian TV presenter in her Instagram account reacted extremely painfully to the death of the politician, writing that Boris was “an honest, sparkling, bright person who lived swiftly and died like a real fighter.”
Investigation into the murder of Boris Nemtsov
In 2016, representatives of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation completed an investigation into the murder of Boris Nemtsov. According to investigators, the customers offered 15 million rubles to the defendants for the massacre of the politician.
The politician's killer did not act alone. Shadid Gubashev, Temirlan Eskerkhanov, Zaur Dadaev, Anzor Gubashev and Khamzat Bakhaev are the five defendants in this case.
Persons involved in the murder case | Newstes.com Law enforcement officers found out that a group of killers carefully prepared to commit a crime, studying the lifestyle of a political figure, his place of residence, and conducted covert surveillance of him. Former officer of the Chechen battalion "North" Ruslan Mukhudinov, the investigating authorities called the customer of the murder. According to investigators, in September 2014, it was Ruslan Mukhudinov and other persons who offered the perpetrators funds in the amount of 15 million rubles for the murder of Boris Nemtsov. Mukhudinov has been on the international wanted list since November 2015.
Caucasian Knot On January 20, 2016, it was announced that the murder of Nemtsov had been solved. The involvement of all the accused is confirmed by the results of 70 complex forensic examinations.
Films about Nemtsov
After the murder of a famous statesman, many representatives of the film industry decided to tell about his life in their films.
In 2015, director Zosya Rodkevich made the film My Friend Boris Nemtsov. In this documentary film, the author presented her view on the life of a famous Russian statesman.
In 2017, there will also be another film about Nemtsov called "Man Too Free". Here we will talk about his political biography. The director of the film is Vera Krichevskaya.
Latest photo politics | MMR Nemtsov's words that freedom is expensive clearly demonstrate how much the politician adhered to his own values throughout his life. For many Russians, Nemtsov is associated precisely with the freedom that he took with him on February 28, 2015.
“Freedom is when you do not feel guilty about all the troubles that occur in the vastness of our vast country, and you are responsible only for yourself and your loved ones.”
MOSCOW, February 28 - RIA Novosti. Russian politician Boris Nemtsov, who in the past held a number of high positions in the government of the Russian Federation, and then went over to the opposition, was killed on Saturday night in the center of Moscow.
The investigation is considering all versions of the death of Nemtsov, including a contract killing, said the representative of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Yulia Ivanova.
Below is a biographical note.
Since 1967 he lived in the city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod).
In 1981 he graduated from the Radiophysics Faculty of the Gorky State University named after M.V. N.I. Lobachevsky.
In 1985 he defended his dissertation and received the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
In 1981-1990, he was a researcher at the Gorky Research Institute of Radiophysics.
In 1990 he was elected a people's deputy of the RSFSR, a member of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation.
In September 1991 he was appointed representative of the President of Russia in the Nizhny Novgorod region, in December 1991 - the head of the regional administration (governor).
In December 1993 he was elected to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the first convocation. He was a member of the Federation Council committee on budget, financial, currency and credit regulation, money issue, tax policy and customs regulation.
In 1995, he won the election of the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region, entered the Federation Council of the Russian Federation of the second convocation.
From March to December 1997, Nemtsov was also the Minister of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, and was Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government Commission on Operational Issues.
In March 1998, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was dismissed as part of the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin.
From April 1998, he took the post of Deputy Prime Minister in the government of Sergei Kiriyenko, in August 1998 he submitted his resignation, which was granted by President Boris Yeltsin.
Since September 1998, he has been Deputy Head of the Council for Local Self-Government under the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1999, he became chairman of the socio-political movement Young Russia, one of the leaders of the Just Cause coalition, then one of the leaders of the Union of Right Forces (SPS).
December 19, 1999 was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation. In January-May 2000, he was Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation, since May 2000 - the head of the SPS faction, was a member of the State Duma Committee on Legislation.
In May 2001, at the founding congress of the Union of Right Forces party, Nemtsov was elected chairman of the political council of this party, which united the members of the Union of Right Forces movement and most of the members of the Democratic Russia and Democratic Choice of Russia that had dissolved on the eve of the congress. Later he became a co-chairman of the SPS party. In January 2004, he resigned as co-chairman of the party, remaining its ordinary member.
In January 2004, he became one of the founders of the Committee 2008: Freedom of Choice.
In 2004-2005, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Neftyanoy Concern.
From February 2005 to October 2006, he was a freelance adviser to the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko.
The congress of the Union of Right Forces nominated Nemtsov as a candidate for the presidency of Russia to participate in the elections in March 2008. However, even before the start of the election campaign, Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy in favor of Mikhail Kasyanov.
In February 2008, he suspended his membership in the Union of Right Forces.
On December 13, 2008, at the first congress of the United Democratic Movement "Solidarity" he was elected a member of the federal political council of "Solidarity" and became a member of the bureau of the federal political council of the movement.
The Bureau of Solidarity nominated Nemtsov as a candidate for mayor of the future capital of the 2014 Winter Olympics - the city of Sochi. In the Sochi mayoral elections held on April 26, 2009, Boris Nemtsov came in second with 13.6% of the vote.
In 2010, Nemtsov co-founded the People's Freedom Party "For Russia Without Arbitrariness and Corruption".
In 2012, he was elected co-chairman of the political party "Republican Party of Russia - Party of People's Freedom" (RPR-PARNAS).
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