Poor nutrition during pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy. What does it mean to eat unhealthy
Everyone knows that pregnancy is not a disease, so there is no need to specifically adjust your diet for medicinal purposes. But you get a good chance to get rid of bad eating habits, improve the body, improve immunity. We are what we eat, and the health of the child is planned based on the diet future mother for many years. The child uses maternal resources for his development, so it is very important that the expectant mother supports herself with healthy food. After all, she has another equally important period ahead of her: breastfeeding and caring for a child, this requires strength.
What is good: nutrition by timing
I trimester
What's happening: all organs and systems in the child's body are laid, tissues are formed. What we eat: complete proteins and vitamins: lean meat (rabbit, chicken, turkey), fish and seafood, dairy products. Be sure to eat rice, fresh or frozen vegetables, seasonal fruits. In the first trimester, many expectant mothers are still working. No matter how difficult it is for you to control your diet in work conditions, try to do it - find time for a full breakfast and lunch. It is necessary to start measures to improve yourself and your child, the sooner the better, so as not to regret later, looking back.
! Many pregnant women in the first trimester suffer from toxicosis. In this case, eat often, but in small portions. Let there always be a hematogen in your pocket, a bag of nuts or dried fruits to have a snack on the street. If your condition does not allow you to eat regular food, pay attention to baby food. Judging by the reviews in the forums, children's products literally save expectant mothers suffering from severe toxicosis. These are boxed cereals, children's curds, cookies and fruit purees. Baby food, due to its delicate texture, may not cause a protest in the body. But when it comes time to feed the child, you will already be very knowledgeable in this area. Advice from old Soviet pregnancy books: take a “carbohydrate kick” at night, it will help improve your condition in the morning. Eat a bowl of porridge or a cheese sandwich at night.
In the first trimester, pay special attention to the quality of products. Gradually give up sauces, convenience foods and canned food containing harmful chemical additives. Do not forget that the placenta, unfortunately, freely accumulates and skips chemistry. The importance of products containing folic acid is great, without it intensive metabolism is impossible, its deficiency can cause developmental abnormalities. Folic acid is found in greens, nuts, white cabbage and broccoli, beets, legumes, and eggs.
From a reminder for pregnant women:
What additional products does a pregnant woman need?
In 1989, it was decided that the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Pregnant Women should be 300 kcal/day higher. Since 2002, nutritionists have clarified that in the first trimester there is no need to increase the energy value of the diet, in the second trimester an additional 340 kcal / day is required, in the third trimester - 452 kcal / day. Pregnant women generally get enough calories, and more than 80% of women achieve and even exceed the necessary weight gain recommended by the Institute of Medicine for Pregnancy. These extra calories benefit the fetus. An underweight woman should gain 16-20 kg during pregnancy. An overweight woman should gain about 7 kg during her entire pregnancy. Women with normal body weight should gain 11-12 kg. It is believed that pregnant women should increase their diet so that the daily meal includes the following:
6-11 servings of bread or whole grains;
3-5 servings of vegetables;
2-4 servings of fruit;
4-6 servings of milk or dairy products;
3-4 servings of meat or protein-containing food;
6-8 glasses of water;
No more than 1 cup of coffee per day.
Calcium needs can be met by calcium-rich foods or a calcium supplement. An inexpensive calcium carbonate antacid can be taken at 1200 mg/day.
II and III trimester
There are active jumps in the height and weight of the child and the uterus, so the calorie content of your diet needs to be increased. It is desirable to eat more, but better. At this time, the need for trace elements increases: iron, magnesium, zinc, selenium, calcium, potassium. The child creates his own "reserve" of trace elements using the mother's resource, which means that the mother should have enough of them for two.
! Very often, in pregnant women, hemoglobin drops in the second trimester, this is a normal physiological phenomenon, if it is not threatening to health. You can increase hemoglobin with the help of "heme" iron - this is a natural and biologically available form of iron that is not able to accumulate in excess. Heme iron is found in red meat, chicken, and fish. There is also "non-heme" iron - a synthetic inorganic form of iron, it is much worse absorbed. Unfortunately, it is non-heme iron that is used in vitamins and supplements that are allowed for pregnant women. It is also found in dried fruits, pomegranates, green vegetables and fresh herbs, buckwheat. Vitamin C helps the absorption of non-heme iron: 2-3 times a day, consume citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits, pomelo, lemons), infusions of rose hips and berries.
By the end of the third trimester, many experts advise pregnant women to give up meat to increase tissue elasticity and prevent ruptures. This is also due to the fact that the digestive organs must work with a gentle load, and so it is not easy for them by the end of pregnancy.
The main question in the "pregnant" forums: what do you need to lean on to get the full charge of vitamins and trace elements? Correct answer: nothing. Excess "extra" substances will be excreted by the body. You don't have to lean. You need to build your daily diet so that the entire food “pyramid” is present in it and subtract from it foods that depress vitamins (everything that belongs to unhealthy foods). And then everything will be fine. Every day you should eat cereals, vegetables, fruits, meat (fish) and dairy products. If these items do not suffer from replacement with semi-finished products and sweets, then with useful substances you have full contact.
It happens that a pregnant woman needs additional fortified nutrition. For example, she has severe toxicosis - or other complications in which the doctor recommends fortifying herself with vitamin supplements. In this case, protect yourself from taking dietary supplements, especially those that are distributed by hand. No supplement is approved for use during pregnancy, no matter what you are told about it.
Only special dry milk mixtures with vitamins are allowed:
Product |
Manufacturer |
|
Nutritek, Russia |
Contains 14 macro- and microelements and a vitamin complex - optimal for the prevention of hypovitaminosis, incl. vitamins A, C, D3, E and folic acid, taurine, iron, copper, calcium. |
|
Dumil Mama Plus |
International Nutrition Co Denmark |
Proteins fats carbohydrates, folic acid, beta-carotene, taurine, selenium, polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6), vitamins and minerals. |
Enfamama |
Mead Johnson, USA |
Skimmed cow's milk, whole milk, glucose, lactose, fructose, minerals; vitamins, natural fruit component - peach. |
Milky Way |
Vitaprom LLC, Russia |
Skimmed milk powder, purified soy protein, sugar, chicory, galega grass extract, dietary fiber, vitamins (A, C, D3, B1, B2, B6, PP, pantothenic acid, folic acid), minerals (sodium, calcium, iron, phosphorus). |
What is the salt?
In the second trimester, a pregnant woman needs to limit salt in her diet. In no case should you limit the liquid, as some doctors of the old school still advise. Pure water- the best drink for a pregnant woman, and there can be a lot of water - up to 2-2.5 liters per day. Water is a natural drink for the body, it does not cause complications and has no contraindications. Edema is caused not by water, but by salt, which we not only add in its pure form, but also consume with canned food, mayonnaise, cheese, and sausage. The absence of salt is not harmful, it is found in its natural form in many products: vegetables, bread, so the diet will not remain completely without it. Excess salt disrupts metabolism. Gradually reduce the amount of salt until you get used to the new tastes. To begin with, replace the usual salt - sea salt, sea salts dishes better, it takes less.
What is bad: obligate allergens and harmful chemicals
Doctors still cannot clearly explain whether there is a direct link between the use of foods with a high allergenic potential by the expectant mother (the so-called obligate allergens: chocolate, honey, nuts, citrus fruits) and the appearance of an allergy in a child. Not using these products does not guarantee the absence of allergies. Each case is individual. And we will not load ourselves with what we do not understand. Let's put the question differently: WHY lean on chocolate or citrus fruits? There may be several reasons. The first is psychological. The expectant mother does not have enough attention, she is offended by the weak reaction of others about her special situation. She eats resentment with chocolate or oranges. Women sin with this even without a special position, especially in winter, when we all sorely lack something sunny in our lives. The second reason is whims. Unexpectedly drawn to oranges, kiwi or lemons ... The doctor, of course, will advise you to limit yourself to lemons, scaring you with allergies - but. It is better for a pregnant woman to eat 5 oranges a day - provided that she tolerates them well herself! - than sweets, Coca-Cola with chips or fried potatoes. Fruit is healthy eating. Eat for health.
! Our body is an amazingly wise system. She needs to be trusted, she needs to be loved and able to feel. Nature would not create an organism that was originally set up to be sick from drafts, to have harmful whims that threaten health. If you really want something, eat it. But keep in mind that your taste habits, like any city dweller, are spoiled by advertising and a stressful life. Before you overindulge in chocolate, cakes, or doshirak, think about the real reasons for the whim. Perhaps pregnancy has nothing to do with it. Lack of attention, excess of free time, banal - little light in the apartment, few bright colors. It's time to take care of yourself with fitness, aqua aerobics, yoga, needlework, belly dancing, visiting interest clubs - parties for pregnant women, photography, walks in parks ... The world has not yet seen a case where a pregnant woman would have many hobbies - and at the same time eat up various harmful things . If for some reason you can’t occupy yourself, come up with a full-fledged replacement for “harmful things”. Prepare yourself desserts from cottage cheese, dried fruits and fresh fruits with kefir and yogurt, these desserts can be safely abused, and the lack of sweet taste will be filled.
If you are irresistibly drawn to sweets, it is possible that the reason lies in the lack of some substances. . During pregnancy, there is often a lack of B vitamins. These vitamins, among other advantages, are directly responsible for our mood. If you have not recharged with a proper breakfast (rye bread, Orange juice, butter, porridge), during the day you will surely feel a decline in mood - you will be drawn to a chocolate bar. Magnesium is also useful for pregnant women, it is involved in protein, carbohydrate and phosphorus metabolism. When it's specifically drawn to chocolate, it can be explained by a lack of magnesium. Good quality dark chocolate will do the trick, and magnesium is also found in broccoli, beef, oatmeal, and rice.
One of the reasons for the development of allergies in a child is intolerance to some products by the expectant mother. Perhaps you are not paying attention to the fact that you do not tolerate milk very well, white cabbage and cucumbers, do not attach importance to bloating and short-term constipation after eating pasta, cereals, bread, flour products, apples. Analyze how you feel after eating. This dependence has been tracked for a long time: a child may have intolerance to products that the mother does not tolerate. If you are haunted by edema, high pressure, dizziness, lethargy, frequent colds - review your diet. Immunity can be suppressed by bad or monotonous food.
A bit of science:
From embryology and immunology it is known that initially between the mother's body and the body of the embryo and fetus there is immunological incompatibility. A fetus that has a set of genes different from the maternal one (by 50%) is alien to her. Therefore, an immune conflict arises between them, expressed in the desire of the mother's body to reject the alien fetus. But during a normal pregnancy, rejection does not occur. The mechanisms that contribute to its preservation are switched on: the female body, placenta and fetus synthesize a number of protein factors and hormones (estrogens, prostaglandins, progesterone), which suppress rejection reactions. In addition, the hormone progesterone, actively produced by the body of a pregnant woman, prolongs the life of natural transplants and stimulates the survival of transplanted tissues, which is necessary condition for acclimation and normal development germ.
If during pregnancy the set of substances entering the body of a woman from the outside remains unchanged, i.e. corresponds to the place of her residence, the composition of the substances synthesized by her (proteins, enzymes, antibodies) determined hereditarily does not change. This is a necessary condition for the normal development and nutrition of the child in utero: the embryo successfully takes root in the uterus, there is no incompatibility between it and the mother, and the pregnancy is maintained, and the baby's body fully absorbs all the nutrients coming from the mother.
As a result of a rapidly changing habitat and food composition, the female body adapts to new substances, and the intrauterine baby is almost deprived of this opportunity. “As a result of the biochemical adaptation of the mother, tissue incompatibility may arise between her adapted organism and the unadapted fetus. An immunological attack on the fetus occurs, as a result of which deviations in its development, deformities, and allergies may occur, ”concludes Yu. S. Rotenberg, Doctor of Medical Sciences. That is, the initially existing immune conflict is aggravated and the action of mechanisms that contribute to the preservation and normal course of pregnancy is disrupted. The immune attack arising from the mother's body against the embryo and fetus is no longer fully compensated. Thus, the conditions of its nutrition, formation and development are violated, which is the reason for such adverse consequences.
(from an article by E. M. Fateeva and Zh. V. Tsaregradskaya,
Throughout the entire period of pregnancy, a woman must adhere to proper nutrition in order to provide her baby with everything necessary for its full development. So oh healthy nutrition during pregnancy.
Basic rules of nutrition.
How food affects the expectant mother.
Role nutrition during pregnancy great. If a pregnant woman eats improperly, then her body will definitely respond to this.
The consequence of poor nutrition is the improper functioning of the digestive, circulatory and bone systems, the functioning of the endocrine glands and metabolism are disrupted.
If a pregnant woman does not eat well, her immunity weakens, and the risk of various infectious diseases increases.
How poor nutrition affects the future child.
Naturally, if the body of a future mother suffers from a lack of wholesome food, the unborn child also feels it on herself.
The consequences of maternal malnutrition can be catastrophic for the development of the child and even for his life.
The consequences can be very serious: premature birth, the birth of a child with various developmental disabilities, and others.
Already in the womb, a child may suffer from a disease such as rickets, which will progress after birth.
Reduced immunity causes frequent illnesses in a child after birth, and such a child can seriously lag behind in physical and mental development from other children of his age.
Rules for proper nutrition for a pregnant woman.
There are principles that are recommended for women to adhere to from the first to last day pregnancy. Here are the main ones:
1. Food should be taken regularly.
Eating regularly during pregnancy is a must. You should eat five small meals a day.
If you are concerned about toxicosis, then you should eat food often, but in small portions.
You should follow the daily routine and eat at a certain time. So the body is easier to adapt to the digestion and assimilation of food.
There are times when you don't feel like eating at all. No need to force yourself - if you skip one meal, nothing terrible will happen, you will only be very hungry until the next meal.
You should not eat before going to bed - this provokes flatulence and sleep disturbances.
2. You should eat a variety of foods.
A pregnant woman supplies the body of the fetus with all the nutrients.
For the normal development of the child, he needs proteins, fats and carbohydrates - building materials that give growth and energy to the baby.
Equally important is the mother's intake of vitamins and minerals.
If the expectant mother consumes a large amount of food, but it is monotonous, the child's body is not sufficiently saturated with everything necessary.
Should have varied menu, does not abuse diets, follows a diet that should include: meat, fish, poultry, plant products, seafood - such a variety of food can ensure that the child receives everything necessary for full development.
3. A pregnant woman must eat food with a high energy value.
During the first half of pregnancy, the baby increases in size slowly, so it is quite easy for a pregnant woman to provide him with the necessary nutrients.
If the fetus is deficient in certain substances, it can always make up for it with the mother's reserves.
At the same time, this is not felt by the woman's body, since the amount of nutrients transmitted to the fetus is insignificant.
The second half of pregnancy is associated with a more active growth of the child, and, accordingly, his need for nutrients increases.
When the fetus takes the necessary energy from the mother's body, she begins to suffer from its lack and may experience various kinds of ailments (a decrease in the amount of calcium, fluorine or phosphorus in the body).
In this regard, a pregnant woman in the second half of pregnancy must ensure that her body receives a sufficient amount of calories, which is enough for her and for the development of the child.
4. You should eat foods that are easily processed by the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed by the body.
The work of all organs of a woman during pregnancy is difficult due to the changes taking place in her body. The gastrointestinal tract is no exception.
In the first half of pregnancy, the corpus luteum is the life support of the child. Its functioning can cause toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy.
At a later date, the growing uterus puts pressure on the digestive system, and failures may occur in its work.
Therefore, the use of heavy meals should be avoided so as not to put additional stress on the gastrointestinal tract, which already experiences difficulties in functioning.
If possible, eat freshly prepared food.
5. Some foods should be consumed in limited quantities (fatty, salty, liquids) - which is undesirable to eat during pregnancy.
- during pregnancy, you should control your weight and try to limit the number of foods that contribute to the accumulation of extra pounds. Such products are: pasta, flour products, fried potatoes, sweet dishes (sweets, cakes, cookies);
- salt intake during pregnancy should be reduced to a minimum in order to reduce tissue swelling and facilitate the process of childbirth;
- drinking large amounts of fluid increases swelling, so in the second half of pregnancy, you should consume no more than five glasses of fluid per day.
6. Certain foods should be excluded from the diet of a pregnant woman (spicy, fried, coffee, alcoholic drinks) - what not to eat during pregnancy.
- fatty foods - hard to digest, requires high energy costs;
- spicy food - has an irritating effect on the digestive organs;
- products that provoke gas formation (peas, cabbage, carbonated drinks, fresh bread);
- raw or half-cooked meat dishes;
- dried or salted fish;
- coffee, cola, strong tea, drinks containing alcohol.
A pregnant woman should, if possible, avoid eating food that is not prepared at home.
Numerous cafes often offer dishes from products that are not fresh on their menu.
Naturally, such food cannot be useful for the expectant mother and child.
Vegetarian food for pregnant women - harmful or beneficial?
Many modern expectant mothers prefer vegetarian food and do not violate the rules of such nutrition during pregnancy.
A vegetarian diet can also be made nutritious and with its help provide all the necessary for the unborn child.
It should be ensured that all nutrients enter the mother's body by eating a variety of fortified foods.
Vegetarian food can be combined with the use of various food additives and vitamins that compensate for the lack of those products that the mother refuses.
Vegetarians will benefit from periodically consulting a nutritionist during pregnancy in order to receive competent recommendations on proper and balanced nutrition.
Water and drinks.
The water used by a pregnant woman should be as pure as possible. Everyone knows that polluted water can contain various harmful substances and bacteria that cause various diseases.
Due to the polluted environment, the tap water that we use is not healthy and environmentally friendly.
Try to use purified water for drinking and cooking.
You can buy it, or use filters that provide mechanical, chemical and biological water purification.
What conclusion can be drawn about the diet of a pregnant lady?
The nutrition of a pregnant woman should be aimed at providing the growing child with all the necessary nutrients.
Without regret part with harmful products, even if you love them very much.
You can reassure yourself that this is a temporary measure, and after a certain time, you will be able to eat your favorite food.
Do not forget that taking any vitamins or nutritional supplements should not be done on its own.
Many vitamins do not work well together, or they may not be right for your body.
All drugs should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the peculiarities of the course of your pregnancy.
It is important to monitor your weight and stick to the allowable weekly increase. Overeating is bad, but not gaining weight is not good either.
Any deviations from the norm negatively affect not only the development of the fetus, but also the well-being of the mother.
How to eat during pregnancy
A pregnant woman, like a sorceress, during pregnancy creates a whole person out of almost nothing. The building blocks that make up the body of the fetus do not arise from nowhere - the source of "building materials" for the unborn baby is nutrients from the mother's blood and her body's own tissues. Therefore, paraphrasing the well-known phrase "we are what we eat", it is fair to say that "the unborn child is what his mother eats during pregnancy." Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful about your diet during the entire period of pregnancy so that you do not harm your beloved baby with your not the most correct eating habits. And there you look and generally get used to healthy food.
Nutrition should provide:
- Growth and development of the fetus, requiring sufficient dietary intake of energy and all essential nutritional factors
- As well as their own health and comfortable well-being at all stages of pregnancy.
Remember! Inadequate nutrition in the early stages of pregnancy can affect the survival of the embryo, and further poor nutrition affects the development of the fetus.
So, what is important for a pregnant woman to remember?
- meat (lean), poultry (domestic "blue" is better than imported broiler), fish (unsalted);
- eggs (boiled or in the form of an omelette);
- vegetables, fruits, berries (our strip, not all), herbs, dried fruits (including raisins, dried apricots);
- cereals (preferably unrefined, whole grains, germinated wheat);
- nuts (pine nuts, hazelnuts);
- seeds (sunflower, pumpkin);
- legumes (beans, lentils, with soy and peas - carefully);
- wholemeal bread, bran bread;
- dairy products (cottage cheese, fermented milk products - kefir, fermented baked milk, curdled milk, yogurt, unflavored, regular milk);
- fats (cold-pressed vegetable oils - sunflower, olive, corn, butter - better melted and little by little);
- tea (preferably green).
Diet:
In the normal course of pregnancy, you need to eat 4-5 times a day, preferably at the same time.
- First half of pregnancy
In the first half of pregnancy, a woman's diet differs little from usual. But you need to make sure that it is varied and contains the required amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals.
The desire to eat something salty, spicy very often appears in women at the beginning of pregnancy. During this period, you can satisfy this desire.
Daily diet of the first half of pregnancy
Should be 2400 - 2700 kcal.
It includes:
Food should be rich in complete proteins. Proteins are the main building material for a growing fetus. The main source of protein is meat. The meat is best eaten boiled. Rich sources of protein are also poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts, seeds. Every day you need to eat cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, milk. 50% of the total amount of proteins should be animal proteins.
Fats also serve as a source of energy, in addition, they are involved in the formation of prostaglandins - substances that affect the functioning of the cardiovascular, digestive system, and in childbirth affect labor activity. Most fats are found in vegetable oils. In the diet of a pregnant woman should be 40% vegetable fats. Of animal fats, cow butter is recommended. You should not eat mutton and beef fat, as well as margarine.
Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy used in metabolism. With a lack of carbohydrates, proteins begin to be used as an energy source. Consequently, they are less supplied to the fetus, which worsens its development. In addition, the body's resistance decreases, the work of the nervous system worsens. Carbohydrates are best obtained from foods rich in fiber: bread, fruits, vegetables. The amount of sugar in the diet should be 40 - 50 g per day.
- second half of pregnancy
In the second half of pregnancy, the fetus grows rapidly, the load on all organs and systems of the mother increases, so the total amount of food taken should be increased.
In the last 2 months, you can not eat salty, spicy, smoked meats, canned food. Try not to eat processed food. These foods are usually high in calories but low in the nutrients you and your baby need.
Daily diet of the second half of pregnancy
should be 2800 - 3000 kcal.
It includes:
Every day you need to eat cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, milk. 50% of the total amount of proteins should be animal proteins.
Most fats are found in vegetable oils. In the diet of a pregnant woman should be 40% vegetable fats. Of animal fats, cow butter is recommended. You should not eat mutton and beef fat, as well as margarine.
Carbohydrates are best obtained from foods rich in fiber: bread, fruits, vegetables. The amount of sugar in the diet should be 40 - 50 g per day.
List of necessary vitamins:
Vitamins ensure the normal course of biochemical and physiological processes in the body. It is especially important for a pregnant woman to get enough of the following vitamins:
- Folic acid: two bunches of greens a day in any form, green peppers, oranges, lemons, cereals, nuts, vegetables, germinated wheat.
- Vitamin A: vegetables and fruits of orange, yellow color (persimmon, pumpkin, carrots, sea buckthorn). Better absorbed with vegetable oil or sour cream.
- B vitamins: found in animal products, but during pregnancy, plant sources are preferable (sunflower seed, germinated wheat, green peas, brown rice, beans, dried apricots, brewer's yeast, bran, avocado, some types of cheese, lean meat).
- Vitamin C: green tea, natural apple cider vinegar, citrus fruits, cabbage, any fresh vegetables, fruits, berries.
- Vitamin D: fish fat, germinated grains.
- Vitamin E: all vegetable oils, wheat grains, soy products, olives.
- Vitamin K: cucumbers, fresh herbs, cabbage, young nettles.
- Macro- and microelements: dried fruits, unpeeled cereals, fresh fruits, berries, juices, greens, sea kale, seafood.
What foods should not be consumed during pregnancy!
- canned food, smoked meats, sausages;
- very spicy, very salty, very sour;
- mushrooms;
- peas;
- fatty meat, fish, poultry;
- white bread, muffins, confectionery, pastries with butter cream;
- coffee, cocoa, chocolate, chocolates;
- ice cream;
- alcohol;
- citrus fruits, strawberries, strawberries, raspberries.
Consequences of malnutrition:
The issue of nutrition during pregnancy is vital, thoroughly studied, and at the same time remains for most doctors, and especially expectant mothers, beyond the scope of those problems that should be seriously worried about. In fact, most pregnant women only hear from their doctor about nutrition for the first time when they become overweight or when their blood glucose levels are high. Even very conscientious and attentive doctors do not worry if a woman weighs little or does not add enough. Meanwhile, with improper and inadequate nutrition, the following formidable complications can occur.
- For the expectant mother:
1.
Late toxicosis of pregnancy (preeclampsia)- a painful condition in which fluid retention in the body develops sequentially (dropsy of pregnancy), loss of protein in the urine, increased blood pressure. Ultimately, if left untreated, severe brain complications develop, up to convulsions (the so-called eclampsia) and coma, hemorrhages in vital organs, the mother and child may die.
2. Miscarriage (premature birth and miscarriage)- because due to malnutrition, the placenta cannot develop normally.
3.Premature placental abruption- in terms close to childbirth, the placenta begins to separate from the uterine wall, the child may die (probability of 50%), the mother has bleeding. This occurs, among other things, due to a tendency to thicken the blood and form blood clots in the vessels of the uterus and placenta.
4. Anemia (anemia)- due to insufficient intake or absorption of proteins, iron, and vitamins.
5.Infectious complications, including from the lungs, liver and kidneys.
6.Weak labor activity, protracted childbirth, exhaustion of the expectant mother in childbirth.
7.postpartum hemorrhage and decreased blood clotting.
8. Slow healing of perineal wounds, the uterus contracts slowly after childbirth.
- The child has:
1. Retardation of intrauterine development and possible intrauterine death.
2. Low birth weight, and prematurity, low viability.
3. Encephalopathy, mental decline.
4. Hyperexcitability and hyperactivity.
5. Reduced resistance to infections in utero, during and after childbirth; susceptibility to various diseases.
The consequences of eating errors can negatively affect the course of the pregnancy itself. And these are not empty threats, but real facts.
What is the danger of malnutrition?
The use of allergic products during pregnancy, such as cocoa, chocolate, citrus fruits, etc., is fraught with the formation of allergic reactions in the fetus even in utero. There have been cases when children were born with a rash. Unfortunately, most of these problems are irreversible and remain with the child for life.
Gastritis and ulcers in the expectant mother are not uncommon. Not only does the growing uterus “support” and squeeze the stomach, but also improper nutrition provokes an increased formation of gastric juice. Irregular eating, dry food, sweets and soda are the enemies of health. Fast food is a separate item. French fries, hamburgers, chips, soda are dangerous and harmful to the stomach, especially for a pregnant woman.
If you really want french fries or a hamburger and you can’t refuse it, go to a bistro, but stick to the following rules:
- trips to bistros and similar eateries are allowed no more than once a month;
- eat no more than one serving of potatoes or a small burger. Wash down food not with soda, but with natural juice or water;
- before heading to the bistro, eat a light soup: this will reduce your appetite and prevent you from eating a lot of junk food.
Dangerous Diets
Some mothers during pregnancy begin to “diet”, that is, eat only fruits and vegetables. This is a very dangerous approach, because the child is in dire need of protein, which serves as a building material for all organs and cells. That is why the absence of cottage cheese and meat on the table negatively affects the growth and development of the fetus. They must be used daily! Make sure that the meat is lean, for example, a turkey is suitable, which, among other things, does not cause allergic reactions.
Violation of the diet can provoke gastritis, as well as a brutal appetite, which ends with overeating. And then in a vicious circle - heartburn, dissatisfaction with yourself, bad mood. To avoid this, choose the same time for eating.
For breakfast, a warm dish is recommended, preferably porridge or cheesecakes, a couple of times a week - steam omelets. For lunch, you can eat soup cooked in a secondary broth from lean meat. Soups on the bones are undesirable; due to the large number of extractives, they have an adverse effect not only on the gastrointestinal tract, but also on the kidneys. For the second - steam or bake meat or fish with fresh vegetables. For dinner, choose what you like by baking the dish in the oven, boiling or steaming.
During pregnancy, not only spoils the mood, but also harms the baby. In obese people, blood circulation suffers, therefore, the child may receive less oxygen and nutrients, which is fraught with developmental delay and chronic hypoxia. And this, in turn, is the basis for the formation of diseases of the central nervous system.
Sugar in large quantities: leads to tooth decay, pancreatic disease, allergies, and reduced immunity. In addition, an excess of sugar causes fermentation processes in the intestines, which prevents the absorption of vitamins and minerals necessary for mom and baby.
To prevent this from happening, move actively (in the absence of medical contraindications), eat small portions. Give preference to low-fat fish and meat, vegetables and fruits, rye bread, dairy products. Replace sweets and cakes with marmalade, marshmallows and jam.
All the necessary substances come from the mother's blood to the baby. Therefore, a woman in position should. Need to eat a lot? How should a woman eat during pregnancy.
The most common question is the amount of food. Many years ago, they thought that a pregnant woman should eat for two. And then the excess weight accumulates. But, today there is so much information about systematic overeating that expectant mothers already use too little. And malnutrition can also harm the baby. What to do?
Food should not be more, but several times better
The human body runs on energy. And it is formed due to the "combustion" of food. Calories express the energy that is available in food. However, all foods have different amounts of calories. In order for the body to fulfill its functions, it receives calories from food. And he needs a specific minimum of calories to maintain life.
Metabolism depends on sex, age, body weight. A woman with simple physical work, weighing 60 kg, should receive approximately 2000 kcal per day. Metabolism during pregnancy increases by 25%. As a result, a woman in the first half of pregnancy needs 2500 kcal, in the second half - 2900 per day.
Wrong nutrition. His symptoms.
- Excess food.
- Poor product quality.
- Incorrect ratio of components.
- Lack of food.
What can be expected from malnutrition during pregnancy?
- The baby before and after pregnancy has reduced resistance to.
- Hyperactivity and hyperexcitability.
- encephalopathy.
- At birth, the baby is underweight, prematurity.
- Poor fetal development.
- Reduced blood clotting and postpartum hemorrhage.
- Exhaustion of a woman in childbirth, weak labor activity.
- Anemia.
- Placental abruption may occur.
- Not carrying a pregnancy, because of which it will develop incorrectly.
- late toxicosis.
It is very difficult to eat right, but it is necessary for your future baby.
What kind of food can be called right?
Important components of proper nutrition:
- liquid;
- minerals;
- vitamins;
Fats. The daily ideal rate becomes approximately 80 grams and vegetable 30 grams. Of the animals, baked and creamy top grades are recommended, vegetable - corn, olive, sunflower. Butter substitutes such as lard and margarine are best avoided.
Carbohydrates. In the first half of pregnancy, 350 grams per day and 400 grams in the second. If a woman has a reduced physical activity, as a result, the energy consumption of the body is lowered, it is also necessary to reduce the consumption of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates should be "good". They can be obtained from berries, fruits, vegetables, cereals, black bread from premium flour. And you don't need to take "bad" carbohydrates in in large numbers- confectionery, pasta, white bread, sweets and sugar.
Squirrels are an important building material. After all, it is not just that pregnant women can eat eggs, milk, and meat during Lent. And if you are a vegetarian, then during pregnancy you need to abandon this principle.
In the first half of pregnancy, the ideal rate of protein per day is 100 grams and 120 grams in the second. Of these, half are animals.
Every day, women should consume up to 150 grams of fish or lean meat, as well as sour-milk, milk, cottage cheese and cheese. This list of products includes essential amino acids and easily digestible proteins in optimal ratios.
Vitamins in the human body guarantee the good flow of physiological and biochemical processes. And it is very important for pregnant women.
Vitamin D needed for the formation of the skeleton and bones of the baby. If its deficiency is observed, then this can lead to the development of anemia.
Vitamin A. With its help, the placenta develops normally. It also protects against bad influence radiation and toxic products. The ideal rate per day is 2.5 mg. Vitamin A in the body comes from beta-carotene. And it is found in fruits and vegetables of red, orange and yellow color (melon, pumpkin, tomatoes, peaches, apricots) cauliflower, parsley.
Muscle fibers strengthen B vitamins. These vitamins are needed for the normal functioning of the cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems. Rich in vitamin B peas, flour, brown rice, brewer's yeast. From animal products, it is found in the heart, kidneys and liver.
Vitamin C stimulates and strengthens immune system. The daily norm is an average of 150 mg. This vitamin can be obtained from such foods: onions, Bell pepper, kiwi, blackcurrant, citrus fruits and rose hips.
Vitamin E very necessary for a woman during pregnancy. With its help, the reproductive system works normally and the fetus develops. The daily requirement becomes 20 mg. Nuts, legumes, cereals, eggs, liver - that's it. For its full assimilation, it is better to use it with vegetable oil or sour cream.
To develop normally nervous system fetus, need folic acid. Its source is green.
trace elements also very necessary for the fetus. These are iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus,.
Magnesium, phosphorus and calcium are the "building materials" for the cartilage and bones of the baby. Calcium deficiency has a very bad effect on a woman, or rather on her teeth, there may be caries.
Calcium can be obtained from milk, green vegetables, cheese.
There is a lot of magnesium in vegetables, nuts, cereals, watermelons; phosphorus - in unrefined grains, eggs, meat, fish.
Sodium and magnesium are needed to regulate the body's water balance. The main sources of potassium are mushroom, walnut, pea, spinach and raisins. And sodium is table salt.
Iron. If it is not enough, then the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases. And this will cause the development of hypoxia in the fetus. Iron should be consumed per day - about 20 mg. Its source is fruits, greens, liver and yolks.
The need for trace elements and vitamins during pregnancy is very necessary. Indeed, in this situation, their deficiency is often observed. Therefore, doctors recommend the use of complex multivitamin preparations.
The body also needs fluid. 2.5 liters are required per day. Half of it is found in the foods we eat. Therefore, it is necessary to drink one liter of free liquid. If you are prone to edema, then the liquid should be limited to 800 milliliters. Recommended drinks - canteen mineral water, milk, kissels, compotes and juices. Also fashionably weak tea and coffee (in small quantities).
Need to pay attention!
Gloria LeMay is a renowned Canadian midwife. She gives a woman who was afraid to gain weight the advice of a doctor: “Regarding weight, don't worry. If you eat natural products, then excess weight will not be observed. Potatoes should be in uniform, cereals - cooked by you personally, vegetables - raw and clean, sweets - melon, peach. If the product is refined, it is poorly processed. Therefore, it is better not to use such a product. Gloria also recommends using gray sea salt, because it contains many trace elements.
Table of harmful food additives that are dangerous not only for the body of a pregnant woman!
Dangerous foods for pregnant women
Seafood are a source of iron and protein, and omega 3, which is present in fish, stimulates the development of the brain and has a good effect on the growth of the baby. To prevent harmful viruses or bacteria from entering the body from food, do not eat raw fish, shellfish and oysters, sushi. Also avoid smoked seafood.
Game and meat. During pregnancy, blood circulation and metabolism change. Could this be a bacterial cause? food poisoning. And the reaction of the body will be painful. This situation does not happen often, but poisoning can affect the child's body.
Before serving game and meat, cook it thoroughly so that foodborne illnesses do not occur.
For nine months, forget about homemade and raw smoked sausages. Unwanted bacteria can enter the body. And they die at a temperature of at least 80 degrees.
Do not use street meat dishes and hot dogs. This is the source of such a well-known disease as listeriosis.
Dairy products. These include cottage cheese, mozzarella cheese and low fat. But, a product that has unpasteurized milk in its composition is strictly prohibited during pregnancy. This may be the cause of foodborne illness.
Do not eat cheeses that are made from unpasteurized milk: Camembert, Feta, Brie.
Caffeine. During pregnancy, you can drink two cups of coffee. But, this does not say that caffeine is safe and beneficial.
It can penetrate the placenta and affect the rhythm of breathing and. Caffeine should not be abused, because the baby will have reduced weight.
Herbal teas. During pregnancy, you need to drink such drinks with caution. Be sure to consult your doctor before use. After all, raspberry leaves and mint in large quantities can cause contractions, miscarriage.
Eat right and always be healthy!