What is beta carotene made from? The value of beta-carotene for human health - sources and nutritional supplements. Where to find beta-carotene - not just carrots
What does it mean? Let me explain everything to you in order. There are such useful substances in nature - carotenes, they are also called carotenoids. They are plant pigments and play a significant role in the process of photosynthesis - they give energy to chlorophyll.
Beta-carotene, which is discussed in my article, along with alpha-carotene, are the main isomers of these substances (although there are also "gamma", "delta" and other forms). "Beta" is not too different from "alpha" in structure, however, a slight difference in the arrangement of the molecules makes beta-carotene safe for us, and, therefore, more in demand.
When I talk about the safety of this provitamin, I mean that natural beta-carotene is difficult to overdose. This means that retinol, that is, vitamin A, it becomes only if its deficiency is felt in the body. If everything is in order, then beta-carotene simply does its direct duties in our body - it fights free radicals.
At the beginning of the last century, two groups of researchers independent of each other almost simultaneously came to the same conclusion: butter and chicken yolks contain a substance that is necessary for the growth and development of a living organism. It was called a growth factor, and a little later - vitamin A. By the way, this is the reason why it is so important for children.
Beta-carotene is important for children's growth
At the same time, it was found that this nutrient is normally absorbed by our body only with fats. Hence, another term for retinol is fat-soluble factor A.
Modern science can name about 300 varieties of carotenoids, but only a fifth of them are capable of producing vitamin A in the body.
A little later, scientists discovered that there are pigments in plant foods that turn into in our body. They also stimulate the growth and development of the body. These substances were named carotenes - from the Latin word "carota", in which, along with other products, they were found. So the world learned about carotenes, including beta-carotene, which we get every day with food.
To make this process more conscious, let me introduce you to those plant sources that are high in carotene.
beta carotene in foods
A lot of beta-carotene is found in carrots and its juice.
The most famous source of carotene is carrots. Carrot juice is also rich in it - naturally, freshly squeezed and drunk immediately, within 5-10 minutes after preparation.
Carrots contain approximately 8-9 mg of beta-carotene per 100 g.
Berries and fruits are rich in this nutrient, such as:, mountain ash,. Of the nuts, pine nuts can be distinguished.
If you are a lacto-vegetarian and consume dairy products, then it will be useful for you to know that beta-carotene is found in butter, cream, cheeses, cottage cheese, sour cream.
As you can see, even those people who do not eat food of animal origin can easily get this substance along with plant foods. And so that it is well absorbed, I advise you to remember a few simple rules its use.
Interestingly, beta-carotene is better absorbed if the shell of a vegetable or fruit is destroyed. That is why, for example, carrot juice is considered such an effective remedy for a deficiency of this substance. You can make salads, smoothies, lightly steam carotene foods. Just don't overdo it, please!
Heat treatment reduces the content of beta-carotene in food by an average of 20-40%
Let me remind you that carotenes are perfectly absorbed with fats, so try to eat them together. It's not difficult at all - dress carrot-pumpkin salad with a natural high content of vitamin E.
Beta-carotene is best consumed with vegetable oil
I draw your attention to the fact that such dishes must be eaten fresh. Carotenes are afraid of sunlight and exposure to oxygen, and therefore after 15-20 minutes their amount in food is significantly reduced.
At the same time, it is believed that in frozen foods they are preserved almost completely.
By the way, beta-carotene, converted into vitamin A in the body, accumulates in the liver and is used up quietly when we need it. Yes, indeed, but what is it for us, this carotenoid?
The benefits of carotene are obvious. I already wrote that it is a strong antioxidant, which means it neutralizes the destructive effect of an excessive amount of free radicals in our body. Thus, this substance is actively used as a prophylaxis of oncological diseases.
However, in the mid-90s, shocking results of studies on the properties of beta-carotene were published in an authoritative English medical journal. Everyone knows its unique ability to prevent the development of cancerous tumors, but this does not apply to all people.
Beta-carotene is dangerous for smokersThe fact is that in smokers and workers in hazardous industries, the same substance does not reduce, but increases the risk of lung cancer by an average of 28%.
We are talking about large doses of beta-carotene and apply only to this category of citizens. The mechanism of this strange relationship has not yet been studied. But the choice of these people is definitely small: either quit bad habits and destructive work, or stop using carotene.
I’m sure it’s better to prefer the first option, because beta-carotene is responsible for a number of important body functions:
- First of all, it is an integral part of the production of retinol (vitamin A) in the body - to be precise, its direct supplier.
- Its antioxidant property not only prevents the development of cancer, but also prevents premature aging of the body as a result of the "work" of free radicals.
- In combination with vitamin C, it reduces the level of "bad" cholesterol in the blood, which has a beneficial effect on the condition of the heart and blood vessels. It reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
- In the form of vitamin A, it strengthens the immune system, and in its original form it regulates its activity and stimulates protection against harmful microorganisms, that is, it is an immunomodulator. It produces substances interferons, which are responsible for the destruction of viruses.
Interestingly, natural carotene can even stop the destruction of immune cells. This is evidenced by studies of the condition of AIDS patients who took it in high doses.
- Everyone knows the beneficial effects of vitamin A and its provitamins on the organs of vision, and therefore beta-carotene - effective remedy for the prevention of cataracts, glaucoma, "night blindness" and other ophthalmic diseases. It has been established that it is able to slow down the development of these ailments. Interestingly, carotene also affects normal color perception.
- It promotes the growth and development of cells, and therefore is vital for children and for pregnant women. It is also important for nursing mothers to provide their body with beta-carotene so that the child receives enough of this provitamin with milk.
- It takes part in the process of cell regeneration, and therefore is actively used in cosmetology to improve the condition of the skin, hair, nails. And all this is again due to the antioxidant property of carotene, which protects the skin from the effects of free radicals and ultraviolet radiation, so it can often be found in sunscreens and anti-burn products.
- Its regenerative properties are used in the treatment of teeth and oral cavity. It also strengthens bone tissue.
The use of carotene is also indicated for diseases of the digestive and genitourinary systems.
Beta-carotene deficiency is manifested by the following external signs:
- dry skin, its increased sensitivity and peeling;
- the appearance of acne;
- poor hair condition
- brittle exfoliating nails;
- deterioration of vision.
I have already mentioned how important carotene is for children, because with its lack in the child's body, growth may slow down.
An excess of this nutrient does not threaten us with anything dangerous, since it is non-toxic and safe for the body. However, you should not still drink carrot juice with the addition of olive oil from morning to evening, otherwise you risk becoming the owner of yellowed skin - carotenoderma.
The daily dose of beta-carotene for adults is approximately 5 mg. For children, the exact norms are not defined. But they do not need pharmaceutical preparations, just feed them daily with fresh salads with good vegetable oil and be sure - they get their dose.
The need for carotene increases with excessive physical activity, at infectious diseases, with a deficiency of vitamin A in the body, while carrying a child and breastfeeding him, while living in an environmentally unfavorable environment, with stress, with increased eye fatigue.
By the way, keep in mind that 6 micrograms of this substance is equivalent to 1 microgram of retinol.
What is your relationship with beta-carotene? Do you consider it important for yourself and for your children? Or have you never thought about it before?
One of the most significant precursors of vitamin A, which is actively involved in almost all redox reactions of the human body, is provitamin beta-carotene. Because of its beneficial properties, it is deservedly called the elixir of youth and the source of longevity.
Biochemical properties of beta-carotene
Beta-carotene is a complex yellow pigment that protects plants containing it from oxidative damage. Accumulated by the human body, it is converted to vitamin A (retinol) as needed. In this case, each molecule of beta-carotene is split not into one, but into two parts, respectively, forming two molecules of retinol. Entering the body along with plant foods, beta-carotene is absorbed in the upper intestines, after which it accumulates in the liver, heart, bone marrow, nervous tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and also circulates in the blood in an amount of 80 to 230 mg. This compound is fat-soluble - it does not dissolve in water and is optimally absorbed with dietary fats and bioflavonoids.
In addition to being converted into vitamin A, beta-carotene is actively involved in stabilizing cell membranes, blocking free radical oxidation reactions, reducing oxidized compounds, and eliminating the negative side effects of UV radiation. Also, this compound has the ability to form complexes with proteins and maintain water balance, helps to normalize bowel function. Beta-carotene is not toxic - its excess does not lead to hypervitaminosis and does not cause the development of various complications.
Functions of beta-carotene and its importance for the female body
Beta-carotene plays one of the key roles in the female body. The list of the main functions of this bioactive compound includes the following.
Antioxidant. Intercepting and eliminating free radicals, it slows down peroxidation, prevents violation of cell integrity, protects against the development of various diseases (including malignant tumors), prevents premature aging, which is why beta-carotene is called the elixir of youth and longevity. This function is enhanced in the presence of vitamin C.
Anti-sclerotic. By maintaining an optimal balance between "bad" and "good" cholesterol, beta-carotene prevents blockage of blood vessels by cholesterol plaques and reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular pathologies (IHD, angina pectoris, heart attacks, strokes, etc.).
Antitumor. In combination with vitamin C, beta-carotene is able to prevent the development of cystic mastopathy, breast, cervical, lung, stomach, and colon cancer.
Regenerative. Beta-carotene promotes accelerated healing of wounds, burns, boils and trophic ulcers.
In addition to these basic functions, beta-carotene performs a number of other important tasks in a woman's body:
- prevents the "withering" of female reproductive function, reduces the risk of developing functional and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary tract;
- normalizes hormonal balance, creates optimal conditions for the successful attachment of the fetal egg and the subsequent development of the embryo, reduces the risk of spontaneous abortion (this function is enhanced in combination with zinc and selenium);
- maintains a healthy complexion, helps maintain healthy skin, hair, mucous membranes, teeth and bones;
- prevents the development of numerous ophthalmic pathologies;
- activates the immune system, increases resistance to oxidative stress and various infections, helps in adaptation in difficult situations;
- normalizes the secretory function of the stomach (in combination with zinc);
- protects from solar radiation, neutralizes the aggressive impact on the female body of adverse environmental factors.
Products containing beta-carotene
The highest amount of beta-carotene is found in carrots, sea buckthorn, pumpkin, sorrel, spinach, celery, wild rose, wild garlic, garlic, sweet red pepper, apricots and mangoes. It is present in smaller amounts in tomatoes, chokeberry, liver, peaches, sour cream, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, milk and potatoes. Therefore, women of all ages must necessarily include these products in their daily diet.
To ensure the normal functioning of the female body, it is necessary to consume at least 5 mg of beta-carotene per day. But, unfortunately, this is not always possible. Therefore, to maintain the optimal balance of provitamin, prolong life, beauty and youth, special vitamin-mineral complexes with antioxidant activity were created. One such drug is Selzinc. The vitamins E, C and beta-carotene included in its composition will help maintain a flowering appearance and provide effective protection from aging and disease, selenium will enhance the synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes and normalize metabolism, while zinc will maintain hormonal balance, improve visual acuity, increase intellectual abilities, strengthen nails and prevent hair loss.
beta carotene- the most significant of the carotenes, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons. It is a fat-soluble vitamin and is only absorbed appropriately in the presence of fats. In the form of crystals, beta-carotene is purple-red in color, and the oily solution is in shades of yellow and orange.
It was first synthesized in 1956, but research has been going on since 1831, when Wackenroder isolated beta-carotene from carrots. Natural carotene is more active than its chemically synthesized form. In addition, a synthetic analogue can cause allergic reactions.
Carotene got its name from the Latin "carota" - carrots, it is in it that its record amount is located. It is a yellow-orange pigment found in plants, giving them their respective color. It is formed in them by photosynthesis and, depending on the dose of carotene, the color saturation changes - from yellow to saturated red.
Beta-carotene can be used as a food coloring, mainly in soft drinks, juices and margarine. It is officially registered under code 160a as a dietary supplement. Produced mainly from natural sources.
Huge “deposits” of natural beta-carotene have been discovered in the unique Crimean salt lake Sasyk-Sivash. Here, under the influence of ultra-high salt content and solar radiation, algae were able to adapt and produce beta-carotene.
The action of beta-carotene
The action of the vitamin is clearly demonstrated by the numerous names given to it in various experiments - “the source of youth and longevity” or “the elixir of youth”, and it is also called a natural defense weapon.
When ingested, beta-carotene is synthesized through complex reactions into vitamin A (retinol), which differs significantly from other carotenoids.
In addition to the fact that beta-carotene is a supplier of retinol to body tissues, it itself has a great protective effect:
- is the strongest antioxidant capable of protecting body tissues from the effects of radicals that cause the development of oncological diseases and diseases of cardio-vascular system, protects tissues from premature aging;
- according to studies, beta-carotene has proven to be a preventive measure against lung cancer and cervical cancer;
- a high concentration of beta-carotene reduces the growth of diseases such as atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease by acting on cholesterol levels;
- provides prevention sunburn, thereby protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, also has cosmetic action on skin, hair and nails;
- an important component of healthy vision, beta-carotene slows down the development of cataracts, glaucoma and is responsible for the healthy state of the retina, allowing you to see well even in old age;
- indispensable in the treatment of diseases of the stomach and genitourinary system;
- used to accelerate skin regeneration in burns, wounds and ulcers, is able to build up bone tissue, which is used in the treatment of teeth and oral cavity;
- beta-carotene is the main friend of men in maintaining the healthy functioning of the prostate gland;
- preservation of immunity and, accordingly, the fight against infectious processes, according to the results of studies, large portions of natural beta-carotene significantly inhibit the destruction of cells in AIDS.
Beta-carotene is not toxic even in high doses, unlike vitamin A, but it is less active, especially in the form of an oily solution. The presence of bile in the intestines is very important for assimilation, in children the ability to assimilate is less. Approximately 10-40% is absorbed due to the fibrous structure of carotene, the rest is excreted naturally.
Vitamin tends to be deposited in vital organs, skin and subcutaneous fat.
Beta-carotene is synthesized into retinol only when there is a deficiency of the latter in a ratio of 6:1, and before that, beta-carotene works as an antioxidant. In terms of effectiveness, 1 mg of beta-carotene is equivalent to 0.17 mg of vitamin A, and in the diet this ratio is expressed as nine times the dosage of beta-carotene.
Beta-carotene is exposed to the destructive action of oxidation and ultraviolet radiation, and long-term storage and dehydration of products also negatively affects (grated carrots lose part of the vitamin after a quarter of an hour). But freezing, on the contrary, preserves all the carotene, just like heat treatment - carrots enhance their antioxidant properties by 5 times!
Daily rate
The daily intake of beta-carotene is 2 to 6 mg for adults and begins to increase during pregnancy and increased training in athletes. By the way, expectant mothers should take beta-carotene instead of vitamin A, because. it does not have the toxic effect of hypervitaminosis, unlike the latter, and therefore cannot harm the health of the baby.
The famous Paul Bragg in his book “The Miracle of Fasting” recommends eating carrot and cabbage salads with greens for breakfast, because they have more than enough carotene. But we recommend dressing these vegetables, for example, with olive oil. After all without the assistance of fats, beta-carotene will transit through your body.
It is better to take beta-carotene with food, because. For its assimilation, a certain amount of fat is required. Otherwise, it will be taken simply in vain.
Lack of beta carotene
A lack of beta-carotene can lead to negative consequences, its first signs are:
- dry flaky skin;
- acne;
- unhealthy hair and exfoliating nails;
- weakening of the immune system;
- loss of vision;
- children have growth retardation.
Despite the fact that beta-carotene is a provitamin A, its action should not be neglected. Recent studies make it more serious to take it as an independent component of the full life of the body.
High doses of beta-carotene
An excess of animal products can lead to toxic poisoning of the body, but plant sources can only heal you. Unless the skin on the palms, feet and elbows can acquire a yellowish tint. You should not worry - this process is reversible, as soon as the excess of the vitamin comes out, the color will disappear and the natural skin tone will be restored.
Natural Sources of Beta Carotene
There is one important sign by which the content of carotene can be determined - the color of the product. All plant sources have color scheme green, yellow, orange and red colors. These include: carrots, sea buckthorn oil, sorrel, apricots, watermelon, cabbage, zucchini, tomatoes, pumpkin, chicory, spinach. Animal sources include liver, homemade milk, egg yolk.
Interaction with other substances
- Vitamins C and E are the main allies and enhancers of beta-carotene in antioxidant action in the aging process, prevention of strokes and cancer. Moreover, the joint action greatly enhanced the effect, despite the fact that each of the components in itself is a strong antioxidant.
- Vitamin E contributes to protection against destruction;
- Beta-carotene is much better absorbed in the presence of vitamin P, fats and proteins.
Studies in the United States have shown that when divided doses of beta-carotene into 3 doses, it increases its ability to be absorbed more than one daily dose of the same volume.
Indications for appointment
beta carotene used in medicine as a therapeutic agent and prophylactic (the reception can be permanent or a course of treatment is prescribed):
Sometimes there is a need for external use in such cases: psoriasis, tonsillitis, treatment of wounds, burns and frostbite, dermatoses, vitiligo, pigmentation on the skin.
Those who take beta-carotene claim that it has become easier for them to endure the heat in the summer.
There are contraindications for taking beta-carotene:
- increased individual sensitivity;
- existing overdose of vitamin A;
- treatment of alcohol dependence, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis;
- chronic kidney disease.
When taking beta-carotene, you may develop side effects in the form of allergies, rashes, itching on the skin, swelling, dizziness, pain in bones and joints, loss of appetite, nausea.
Vitamin is produced in such pharmacological forms - tablets, gelatin capsules, oil solution for oral and external use, solution for inhalation. Beta-carotene is included in multivitamins.
To get the most benefit from taking a beta vitamin, here are a few tips to follow:
- store food in a dark and cool place;
- it is advisable to eat vegetables raw or quickly stew with the addition of butter (you can season salads with porridge, boil porridge in milk or add a little butter);
- do not store food for a long time and eat cooked food immediately.
Beta-carotene is a pigment of plant origin, which is part of the group of natural carotenoids. Carotenoids are also natural organic pigments that give color to fruits, algae, some mushrooms and vegetables.
The natural dye carota has an orange-yellow color, which means "carrot" in Latin. Beta-carotene is valued for its antioxidant properties, as well as being a conductor of retinol (vitamin A). What is the difference between vitamin A and beta-carotene? Unlike retinol, carotene has practically no contraindications and side effects in overdose, and is also considered more useful. This substance activates immune system, increasing the resistance of the human body to various negative chemical, physical and biological influences. But this is not all the useful properties of the substance that women, men, children and the elderly can use!
The composition of beta-carotene includes unsaturated hydrocarbons and antioxidant molecules (the structural formula of the composition can be seen in the photo). This substance is obtained mainly from plant products, although chemical extraction is also possible, but this is not necessary. Beta-carotene is made from plants, beneficial bacteria, fungi and algae, which are abundant in nature.
The production of this useful pigment is based on raw materials from carrots, which prevail in terms of antioxidant content compared to other plant products. Carrots contain about 90% of the required substance, while pumpkin contains only up to 70%.
What is beta-carotene for?
Why and who needs a useful element beta-carotene? Many people know that this pigment is found in many fruits and vegetables, but not everyone understands how it affects a person. Provitamin is extremely useful for the whole organism of both children and adults:
- Being a powerful antioxidant, beta-carotene protects the body from harmful effects;
- prevents the development of cardiovascular diseases and diseases associated with oncology;
- protects tissues from early aging;
- provides prevention in the treatment of malignant tumors in the uterus and lungs;
- affects the level of cholesterol in the blood, thereby reducing the likelihood of diseases such as ischemic disease heart and atherosclerosis;
- serves as a protective barrier of the skin from ultraviolet radiation, accelerates the healing process of sunburn;
- prevents the development of glaucoma or cataracts;
- necessary in the treatment of the urinary and reproductive systems of men and women;
- active support of immunity and resistance to infectious processes.
Also, beta-carotene is widely used for cosmetic purposes. The benefit of the component is due to the beneficial effect on the skin and hair. Reviews using this product note a beneficial effect on hair, skin and eyes, because the absorption of provitamin occurs much faster than other elements and does not require certain combinations.
Since this pigment improves the condition of the epidermis, during tanning it actively protects skin cells from destruction, and also independently gives a beautiful even shade to the surface of the dermis due to the appropriate pigments. In order to prepare the body for solar procedures, it is advisable to consume carotenoids before tanning.
During pregnancy
Provitamin is necessary during pregnancy, as it supports all processes in the body. future mother. Beta-carotene contributes to the full formation and development of the fetus, strengthens the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Retinol in case of overdose is quite dangerous for pregnant women, as it can negatively affect the liver. And when taking beta-carotene, the harm is reduced to a minimum, since the substance turns into vitamin A only in needed by the body quantities.
Children's body
A saturated provitamin is also necessary for a growing child's body. Due to the active growth of cells, babies quickly lose the accumulated vitamins, which are used to grow and maintain the healthy functioning of organs. Beta-carotene protects the body of children from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, fights infections and inflammatory processes and enriches the cells with oxygen. A useful element strengthens the child's body both inside and out, but it is not recommended to give the baby such drugs on its own, since an additive in the form of an auxiliary drug can only be allowed after 3 years. Individual cases are considered by specialists who individually prescribe the duration of the course and the allowable dose.
Norm of antioxidant
Due to the fact that beta-carotene is considered one of the most non-toxic substances, then daily rate antioxidant can vary significantly. If you take provitamin exclusively in the composition of food products, then you can practically not limit yourself, because the natural pigment is not as well absorbed as the medical one, moreover, during prolonged heat treatment, many substances are destroyed.
The need for beta-carotene in the form of a drug for the most part should be identified by the attending physician. For prevention, you can and should take about 3-6 mg per day, but this intake should be accompanied by food, since at least vegetable fats are simply necessary for good absorption of the carotenoid.
lack of provitamin
With a lack of provitamin, the human body is especially susceptible to immune and viral diseases. A lack of beta-carotene can manifest itself not only in internal malfunctions of the body, but also be visible, in particular, on the skin.. If there is a shortage of an element, then the following symptoms can be observed:
- inhibition of the growth of the child's body;
- dullness and brittle hair;
- exfoliating nail plate;
- dry and flaky skin;
- acne or acne;
- lowered immunity;
- deviations in reproductive processes;
- dry mucous membranes due to a violation of microflora;
- weakening of vision.
Such indications give reason to think about a serious lack of provitamin, which must be filled without fail.
Overdose
Hypercarotenemia is an overdose of provitamin, which is extremely rare. Unlike retinol, beta-carotene has low toxicity, and an excess of the substance can lead to serious consequences only in exceptional cases. Most often, an excess of an element is not considered a serious danger, although it can lead to yellowing of the skin.
Carotenemia can be observed with excessive consumption of carrots, but in a healthy body it will not cause a dangerous condition either.
beta carotene in foods
Sources of beta-carotene can be unmistakably identified by the color of the product. Natural food ingredients come in vibrant shades of greens, reds, oranges and yellows. In addition to provitamin, in such products there is a fairly complete the nutritional value, thanks to which it is possible to replenish useful elements with little or no use of vitamin complexes.
Below is a list of food items that contain beta-carotene, high provitamin content will begin the list and lower content will end:
- raw carrots;
- sea buckthorn berries;
- sorrel leaves;
- fresh parsley;
- watercress;
- dog-rose fruit;
- spinach leaves;
- celery leaves;
- wild garlic;
- mango;
- garlic;
- melon;
- sweet red pepper;
- green onion;
- head lettuce, leaf;
- apricot;
- pumpkin;
- broccoli;
- chokeberry;
- tomatoes;
- sweet green pepper;
- dill;
- liver;
- peach;
- asparagus;
- green pea;
- Brussels sprouts;
- natural butter;
- natural sour cream;
- red cabbage;
- plum;
- watermelon;
- cherry;
- cottage cheese natural;
- natural milk;
- potato.
Here is an incomplete list of what contains beta-carotene, which the body needs. You can add blueberries, persimmons, black currants, gooseberries, grapefruit and camel milk to the list.
Separately, it is worth noting the major salt Lake on the Crimean peninsula, which contains provitamin. The natural element enters the reservoir due to the flowering of certain algae, which have managed to take root in harsh ultra-saline conditions. Lake Sasyk is considered a unique deposit of sea salt containing beta-carotene.
Preparations containing carotenoids
Vitamin preparations containing carotenoids can be bought at a pharmacy, where a variety medicines replete with variety, in the same place or in the cosmetic department you can find creams with these elements. Online stores can also please not only with a wide range, but also with more rare and unique products.
Basically, medications based on beta-carotene are necessary for athletes whose metabolism in the body is much faster, or for people working in difficult physical conditions.
Commodity forms of vitamins containing beta-carotene can be purchased in tablets, syrup, capsules, oil solution or drops without a doctor's prescription. Preparations containing provitamin:
- "Arnebia" beta-carotene plus calcium;
- "Beta-carotene";
- "Solgar";
- Bluebonnet Nutrition with Vitamins C, E and Selenium;
- "Vitrum" provitamin and folic acid;
- "Antioxypax" - a vitamin-medicinal preparation with ascorbic acid, zinc oxide and beta-carotene;
- Bilberry Vita Complex dietary supplement with riboflavin, blueberry extract and carotenoid;
- "Doppelgerz Active";
- "Trimegavital" provitamin and sea buckthorn.
This is just a small list of the most famous names vitamin or medicinal preparations containing organic matter and other useful ingredients. There are also similar medicines with a difference in composition or manufacturer. The most similar in therapeutic properties and chemical composition are: "Retinol acetate", "Cyclocar", "Carotene", "Retinol palmitate". Thanks to the widest range, you can choose the most suitable products, taking into account the cost.
Instructions for use
Apply beta-carotene according to the instructions for a doctor's prescription or independently at home. The drug is taken orally (inside) or externally as compresses. The duration of the treatment course is determined by the attending physician.
For preventive purposes, the oil solution should be used after meals or during meals. Adults and children over 12 years of age can consume 1 tsp of provitamin oil. per day. As an external medicine, paper or napkins are impregnated with beta-carotene and applied to the affected areas 1-2 times a day.
Tablets and capsules are most often prescribed by specialists individually and the intake is adjusted during the course of treatment. Basically, they use 1 tablet of provitamin 1 time per day after a meal..
Contraindications
There is no doubt that beta-carotene is extremely important for the body, but like any drug, provitamin has contraindications, and if they are not taken into account, then some harm can be done to the body.
Any instruction states that before taking vitamins and medicines, it is necessary to consult a doctor to identify certain predispositions or allergic reactions. So, this component should not be used independently by persons with hypersensitivity to these components.
The intake of plant matter is contraindicated in case of alcohol intoxication, violations of all kidney functions, hypercarotenemia, progressive liver diseases, viral hepatitis, hypothyroidism.
Smokers should take this drug only after a full medical examination, as studies conducted over decades have shown that taking provitamin increases the amount cancer. It has also recently become known that indeed, smokers are more at risk of developing lung cancer when consuming high doses of beta-carotene.
A similar effect of carotenoids applies exclusively to people who smoke and those who come into contact with harmful substances.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to recall that beta-carotene is a unique substance that can slow down the development of neoplasms in small doses. The provitamin coming from food is absolutely safe for those who are not allergic to individual components, and can be consumed in unlimited quantities.
Only 5 mg per day of this substance can prevent many possible diseases, make the immune system stronger and more stable, and also fully establish the working processes in the body. For women, beta-carotene is an excellent substance that has a positive effect on the external condition and well-being.
Carotenoids- lycopene derivatives (a pigment that has a red color and determines the color of the fruits of some plants, such as tomatoes, guava, watermelon) , which are formed as a result of its oxidation, hydrogenation, and cyclization. Lycopene is the most abundant carotenoid in plants, but is also synthesized by bacteria, algae, fungi, higher plants, some sponges, corals and other organisms. Carotenoids include carotenes (yellow-orange pigments), xanthophylls (plant pigments of the yellow carotenoid group), as well as a number of other products of lycopene cyclization.
By 2012, about 600 different carotenoids had been described. An indicator of the biological value of carotenoids is their ability to be converted in the body into vitamin A.
Chemical properties of carotenoids
Among the carotenoids, alpha-, beta-, gamma-carotenes are the most important. These isomers differ in their structure and biological activity. All carotenes are insoluble in water and dissolve in organic solvents - benzene, chloroform, ether, fats and oils.
Easily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, unstable when heated in the presence of acids and alkalis, destroyed by light. Beta-carotene is the most common structural isomer.
Provitamin activity of structural and spatial isomers of carotene is different. The trans-trans-form of any isomer has the most pronounced provitamin activity. Among the individual structural isomers, beta-carotene is the most active, the activity of which is taken as 100%. Compared to beta-carotene, the activity of alpha- and gamma-carotenes and cryptoxanthin is 53, 27 and 57%, respectively. The lower activity of cisisomers compared to the trans-trans form can be explained by the fact that the carotenoid molecule loses its original structure as a result of changes in the shape of the molecule, which makes it difficult to convert this carotenoid into vitamin A.
Participation of carotenoids in the antioxidant defense of the body
Let's analyze carotenoids using beta-carotene as an example. Due to the presence of two conjugated double bonds in the molecule, beta-carotene is able to interact with free radicals, including oxygen free radicals. This the most important feature provitamin, i.e. precursor of the vitamin, allows us to consider it an effective antioxidant. In the human body, beta-carotene is not synthesized. It can only come from plant foods. The blood carries beta-carotene to the liver, where vitamin A (retinol) is synthesized from it. Retinol also significantly enhances the antioxidant effect of vitamin E (tocopherol). Together with tocopherol and vitamin C, it activates the incorporation of selenium into glutathione peroxidase, which takes an active part in protecting body cells from oxidative damage. Vitamin A is able to maintain SH-groups in a reduced state (they also have an antioxidant function). However, vitamin A can also act as a pro-oxidant, since it is easily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to form highly toxic peroxide products. Vitamin E prevents the oxidation of retinol.
Thus, beta-carotene (and other carotenoids) are the precursors of the vitamin A we need. Another important role of beta-carotene is participation in the antioxidant defense of the body. It should be noted that beta-carotene, which is added to the cream, does not turn into vitamin A in the skin. This is due to the fact that the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of retinol are absent in the skin.
Carotenoids are present in the epidermis and stratum corneum of human skin. It is believed that, by realizing their antioxidant properties, they protect the skin from exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and also protect macromolecules and cell biomembranes from damage, being a serious factor in increasing the body's resistance to various pathogenic effects, incl. to innovations. Beta-carotene enhances the regeneration of stratified epithelium, which allows it to be used in dermatology, gynecology in the treatment of diseases associated with epithelial damage. When applied to the skin, beta-carotene not only affects the metabolic processes in the skin itself, but is also absorbed through the skin, having a beneficial effect on the body as a whole. This property is used in cosmetic formulations to prevent skin aging. The introduction of beta-carotene in detergents and hand creams will help prevent irritation, itching, soften the skin, reduce its dryness, promote the healing of scratches, cracks, improve appearance skin and her general state. Adding beta-carotene to hair care products eliminates brittleness, roughness, and a tendency to form split ends.
Beta-carotene protects against solar radiation and promotes even skin pigmentation. This property is used in tanning products, allowing you to get a lasting tan, reduce the risk of burns and prevent skin aging. Antioxidant additives are introduced into the formulation of cosmetics not only to protect the skin, but also to prevent peroxidation of oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. The introduction of beta-carotene does not allow cosmetics to deteriorate prematurely.
List of oils high in carotenoids
Oil vitamins are mainly used for hair or skin. Vitamins are applied to the surface of the epithelium or added to medical masks or creams. There are several oils that are high in carotenoids. The main ones include the following:
- Olive oil. Has many useful substances: monounsaturated, easily digestible fats. Besides olive oil has a complex of vitamins A, D, E. This composition contributes to the rapid absorption of useful substances by organisms. It is used for inflammation of the skin, as well as for the healing of ulcers, tissue damage and in the presence of bruises.
- Raspberry seed oil. The composition includes the following vitamins: E, A, C, B1, B2, PP, as well as potassium and copper, fatty acids. It has a moisturizing, regenerating property, strengthens the immune system, eliminates signs of aging. It is used to moisturize the skin in the treatment of psoriasis and so on.
- Castor oil. It is used for cosmetic purposes to eliminate signs of wilting: it nourishes the skin, removes wrinkles, and relieves puffiness. Oil contributes rapid healing wounds, relieves allergy symptoms on the skin. Often used to revitalize and strengthen hair.
- Peanut butter. It has vitamins A, D and B1. In addition, the oil has many trace elements, fiber. Recommended for healing deep wounds. Normalizes the functioning of the nervous tissue, the heart. Recommended for severe fatigue, insomnia. Peanut butter improves memory, improves concentration, restores efficiency. Peanut butter is similar to olive oil.
- Shea butter (Shea butter). It is a rich source of the most important vitamins for the skin - A, E and F. It has a soothing, softening, protecting, regenerating, anti-inflammatory, sunscreen, rejuvenating, antioxidant effect.
- Palm oil. Softens the skin, contains carotenoids, palmitic and other high-molecular fatty acids that activate lipid metabolism, has a mild effect on the skin without overdrying during washing, due to the formation of a protective microfilm on the surface of the skin and hair.
- Buriti oil. Organic buriti oil promotes the production of collagen and elastin, moisturizes the skin, relieves redness, has bronzer properties, giving the skin a beautiful shade.
- Baobab oil. Protects dry skin from dehydration, eliminates peeling. Softens and restores damaged, chapped skin. It has an anti-inflammatory, balancing effect on oily skin, eliminates irritation. Supports aging, thin skin, restores the lipid barrier, provides antioxidants, improves elasticity.
- Linseed oil. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regenerating and wound healing properties, linseed oil perfectly moisturizes, nourishes, softens and protects the skin of the face, hands and the whole body.
- Wheat germ oil is another versatile oil that improves the condition of skin, nails, and hair. Helps in the fight against cellulite and stretch marks.
- Milk thistle oil. Restores the synthesis of the epithelium, stimulates the synthesis of collagen and slows down the aging process.
- Sea buckthorn oil. A special place has sea buckthorn oil, which is the undisputed leader among all vegetable oils according to the content of carotenoids and has the following cosmetic properties:
- Penetrating deeply through the epidermis and dermis, it improves metabolism and microcirculation in the subcutaneous fat, contributing to nutrition, softening the skin, and also protects the skin from drying out and flaking (mono- and polyunsaturated acids contained in sea buckthorn oil and vitamin E reliably protect the skin from moisture loss) .
- Restores the lipid and acid-base balance of the skin.
- Helps to increase the firmness and elasticity of the skin, eliminate age-related and mimic wrinkles (vitamins A, C and silicon, which are part of sea buckthorn oil, stimulate the natural synthesis of collagen, which is “responsible” for skin firmness and elasticity).
- Prevents premature skin aging associated with age-related hormonal imbalance.
- Helps to whiten the skin, lighten freckles and other age spots.
- Effectively and quickly restores skin damaged due to sun or chemical burns.
- Prevents inflammation of the skin and helps to eliminate acne (sea buckthorn oil is rich in substances that have a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect on the skin.)
- Improves the condition of hair and scalp (sea buckthorn oil strengthens hair follicles, prevents hair loss in case of seborrhea, stimulates hair growth, giving them shine and silkiness).
Sea buckthorn oil, which has the above effect when applied externally, is often used both in the cosmetic industry and in home cosmetology for vitamin enrichment of skin and hair care products. Enriched with vitamins and minerals, sea buckthorn oil is also an effective remedy for strengthening and nourishing eyelashes and for caring for brittle and damaged nails.
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It should be noted that, unlike most cosmetic oils, sea buckthorn oil is not recommended to be used often enough for skin care in undiluted, pure form. Due to the high content of carotenoids, sea buckthorn oil, when used frequently in a concentrated form, helps to weaken the protective barrier of the skin and increases the sensitivity of the skin to external influences (to the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation, etc.).
Thus, carotenoids are substances that are essential for the skin and the body. The use of oils containing carotenoids will help protect against UV radiation and prevent skin aging, eliminate dryness and flaking, promote an even tan - everything you need for beautiful and healthy skin!