How much does a mushroom grow overnight. Where, when and how fast mushrooms grow. Growth of mushrooms of different species
Mushroom season has begun, and lovers of quiet hunting rush to the forest. And not only because others will outstrip them, but also because mushrooms live a short life. I did not have time to collect them in time, and they were already old and destroyed, and all kinds of insects and birds helped them in this.
How long does a mushroom grow?
It grows very fast. From the moment the rudiment appears to the final maturation of the so-called fruiting body, it takes from 10 to 14 days. A more accurate time depends on the type of fungus, temperature and humidity of the air and soil.
Why so fast? As you know, the fungus develops from the mycelium, which grows in spring, summer, and autumn. So, in this mycelium, young fruiting bodies are formed, scientifically called primordia. As soon as the weather is favorable, they begin to develop rapidly and stretch in length.
The mushroom reaches the average size within 3-6 days. The fastest growth of fungi occurs in the warm period, when it rains and fogs form. But the humidity should not be very high, nor should the temperature be too low or too hot. Well suited for the rapid growth of mushrooms temperature difference.
To the question after the rain, "one cannot give an unambiguous answer. Mushrooms do not always appear after precipitation. Because high humidity alone is not enough for them. When it is warm and humid, the mycelium develops well.
And the growth of the fungi themselves is facilitated by a lower temperature. For example, for champignon mycelium, a temperature of about 25 degrees is considered favorable, and 18-20 degrees are well suited for the growth of the fruiting body.
Width longer than length
So how long does a mushroom grow? It turns out that some mushrooms, such as russula, boletus and boletus, can be collected literally the next day after they crawled out to the surface of the earth. Because their fruiting bodies first grow underground and come to the surface already almost formed. And how much does a mushroom grow after it has appeared from under the ground? Varies, depending on the variety. There are gigantic mushrooms that can grow half a meter per hour. But on average, mushrooms grow by 1-1.5 centimeters per day. In addition, if in the first 5-8 days they grow almost equally in both the height of the stem and the width of the cap, then in the last days the overall growth of the fungus stops, and the diameter of the cap continues to increase.
How long does a white mushroom grow?
On the surface of the earth, mushrooms, depending on the species, live from 10 to 12 or 14 days. White mushroom, like boletus and boletus, lives 11 days. Boletus, chanterelle, honey agarics are good for collection within 10 days. Morels and stitches spoil the fastest - in 6 days. But mushrooms, milk mushrooms, oyster mushrooms will wait for the mushroom picker and all 12 days.
It is also known about the white fungus that after five days, under favorable conditions, it reaches an average of 9 centimeters in height, and its weight these days increases by an average of 40 grams per day.
So how much a mushroom grows depends on its type, temperature and humidity. But as soon as the growth of the fungus stops, literally in a day it will begin to collapse. However, this means only one thing: his disputes are ripe. A variety of insects, birds, and animals will quickly spread them across the ground and promote the germination of new mushrooms.
People in everyday life very often come across mushrooms, not even suspecting that they are dealing with them. We are used to thinking that mushrooms are gifts of nature that grow in the forest. However, mushrooms also include yeast, which every housewife uses to make dough. Fresh yeast has good lifting power, the dough rises quickly and well, the pastries are lush, finely porous, appetizing. Bad, “weak” yeast produces products of inferior quality. Or, for example, you have moldy bread in your breadbasket and, in general, you began to notice that the bread in this breadbasket quickly becomes moldy. An experienced hostess knows what's the matter. It is necessary to thoroughly rinse, wipe dry and dry the bread box - the molding of the bread will stop. Here we also encounter mushrooms. Mold, that is, the reproduction of fungi, depends on a number of factors: temperature, relative humidity, and the presence of oxygen.
Thus, mushrooms in the first and second cases are living beings capable of living and reproducing.
What unites yeast and mold with forest mushrooms, which we collect and harvest for future use? They are united by common features of the structure. If we examine a piece of mold under a microscope, we will see a mycelium, or mycelium, in appearance resembling spider felt. This is actually the mushroom itself, its body. Gossamer webs are thin threads called hyphae that grow only at their tips.
The fungal cell differs from other plant cells not only in form and content. Its shell consists of a special substance - fungin, which gives the cell a special strength and is destroyed only with prolonged exposure to high temperature. This explains the need for a longer heat treatment of mushrooms in cooking. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use mushrooms for people suffering from gastrointestinal diseases.
A feature of mushrooms is that instead of the starch inherent in plants, they contain glycogen - starch, which is present only in animal organisms. It is no coincidence that the ancients considered mushrooms to be objects of animal origin.
Mushrooms do not contain chlorophyll and are not capable of synthesizing organic substances, although, like all living organisms, they need them. Therefore, fungi settle in any environment where the necessary nutrients are available.
Reproduction can occur by spores and pieces of mycelium, if placed in favorable conditions.
How is a mushroom arranged? The fruiting body of the fungus, like the mycelium, consists of fungal filaments - hyphae - which, depending on belonging to one or another part of the fungus, perform strictly defined functions. So, for example, the integumentary hyphae that cover the cap produce coloring substances from the outside, giving it a certain color. Other hyphae act as transporters - through them, water and a variety of nutrients enter the fruiting body from the soil.
These hyphae are arranged vertically and tightly adjacent to each other, forming the stem of the fungus. Nutrients are delivered along the stem to the cap, on which spores mature as they grow.
The lower part of the cap of various mushrooms can be tubular (boletus, boletus, boletus, oiler), consisting of many tubes fused together. The spores of these fungi are formed inside the tubules. In mushrooms such as camelina, breast, champignon, plates form on the lower part of the cap, which is why they are called lamellar. Spores of agaric fungi are found on both sides of the plates. It eats groups of marsupials (morels, stitches, truffles), in which spores are formed in the depressions of a sinuous cap; in puffballs, spores form inside the fruiting body.
As the fungus grows, the spores mature and fall out of the caps. Ripe spores near the raincoat are especially clearly visible; during this period they are called "puffers". If you step on such a raincoat, it seems to explode, forming a column of dark dust. This dust is raincoat spores.
The cap of the mushroom is covered with a thin skin on top, which plays a protective role, protecting the fruiting body from adverse effects and moisture evaporation.
It is not difficult to see the mushroom picker if you dig up the mushroom and carefully wash the lower part of the leg from the ground. You will see a delicate white cobweb - this will be part of the mycelium. In general, under favorable conditions, the mycelium grows very strongly, as if penetrating the earth with a cobweb. A well-developed mycelium absorbs more nutrients from the soil necessary for the development and growth of the fungus. However, the mycelium not only consumes, but also helps to create and absorb nutrients. Mushroom mycelium secretes so-called enzymes that decompose the soil substrate and absorb the products of its decomposition. Thus, the fungus lives and develops due to the mycelium.
Mushrooms of all forest mushrooms are perennial, not at all picky about changes in external conditions, they tolerate frost and drought well. Therefore, mushroom pickers know "their" places where milk mushrooms, porcini mushrooms or butter mushrooms grow. It seems that there are no signs of the appearance of mushrooms, but a favorable time comes, and the mycelium comes to life, bringing large yields. Indispensable conditions, in addition to temperature, are the relative humidity of the air and the presence of moisture in the soil. Fogs are especially favorable for the growth of mushrooms. If fogs began in the summer, it means that mushroom time is coming.
Mushroom pickers should know about one more important condition for good harvests. As we have already said, the same mushrooms can grow in one place for several years and the number of mushrooms depends on its integrity. Some mushroom pickers do not comply with this condition, pull out the mushrooms "with roots", thereby causing great damage to the future harvest. Those who know always walk on mushrooms with a knife, cutting off the leg carefully so as not to damage the mycelium. Next year they will definitely find a lot of mushrooms in the old places. This explains the "secret" of mushroom places.
Another indispensable condition is the neighborhood of mushrooms with certain types of trees. Only with a certain tree is the fungus able to form a fruiting body: porcini mushrooms can be found next to pine, spruce, oak, birch; boletus - with aspen, boletus - with birch; camelina - with pine or spruce. Hence the name of many mushrooms. Such a peculiar cohabitation was first noticed and explained by Russian scientists at the end of the 19th century. The fact is that mushroom hyphae and thin tree roots bring mutual benefits to each other. Trees supply mushrooms with carbohydrates, which mushrooms, due to the lack of chlorophyll in them, cannot synthesize themselves. But the mushroom does not remain in debt. Thanks to a highly branched mycelium, it supplies the tree with water, nitrogenous and other nutrients, which it takes from plant residues decomposing in the soil. It has long been noticed that young trees grow better if there are myceliums nearby that can bear fruit.
The beginning, duration and end of the growth of mushrooms depend on their type, as well as on weather conditions, not only of the current year, but also of previous years.
Mushrooms usually grow in layers. It is believed that the first layer appears from mid-May, the second - in the third decade of July and the third, the longest, lasts from mid-August to October-November.
Since many factors influence the timing of fruiting, the collection calendar can only be approximate.
Mushroom yields have declined significantly in recent years. The main reason is our mismanagement of the gifts of the forest. Many do not know the basic cultural skills of collecting. On Saturdays and Sundays, dozens of cars and motorcycles can be found on the edges, some "virtuosos" manage to drive their vehicles into the very thicket, disfiguring bushes and vegetation, causing damage to the forest. Others, in search of mushrooms, break through, turn over the litter, and this is the place where the fruiting body is born.
There are different recommendations for picking mushrooms. Some argue that mushrooms should be cut with a knife, others recommend carefully unscrewing the leg from the mycelium. Both ways can be considered correct. The main thing is not to damage the mycelium. It never occurs to anyone to pick berries along with branches, but few people think that if you violate, trample the mycelium, there will be no harvest.
Mushrooms are a food product, in the creation of which only nature takes part. There are data according to which, before the First World War, the amount received by the peasants for forest mushrooms exceeded the cost of all timber exported then abroad. Economists have calculated that collecting an average of 35 kg of mushrooms from 1 hectare of forest mushroom area gives a greater economic effect than growing wood on this hell of an area.
In the book by D. A. Telishevsky "Integrated use of non-timber forest products", intended for engineering and technical workers of the forestry, the factors influencing the collection and fruiting of mushrooms are systematized. It turns out that the yield of mushrooms depends on the age and density of plantings. If the forest is old, dense, it is useless to look for mushrooms there. Young forests are the most productive. They still have a thin layer of forest litter, which does not prevent the soil from quickly warming up, so mushrooms appear here much earlier and their harvest is larger. In the dark dense forests, a thick forest litter has been formed for decades, which does not allow the warm rays of the sun to warm the earth. In old forests, mushrooms can only grow on the edge. Clearings eventually become mushroom lands. Already in the second or third year after cutting down coniferous and deciduous plantations, you can go looking for honey agarics.
Thinning the forest is necessary for its ennoblement, as access to light, heat and moisture increases, which also contributes to better growth of mushrooms. When mature forests are cut down in one go, after 2 years, morels and late honey agarics appear in the cut down place in early spring.
Much later, after 5 ... 6 years, when young shoots form and a young forest begins to form, nature gives whites, boletus and butterflies. Experienced mushroom pickers know that the largest families grow in the thicket of young growth, as well as in places where the remains of the forest are burned - bonfires.
In the course of forest evolution, groups of fungi also change. After 8 ... 12 years, when the crowns of trees grow, boletus, volnushki, russula, milk mushrooms and porcini mushrooms begin to appear in the forest.
It is well known that with a warm spring and abundant rainfall, you can expect an abundance of mushrooms. However, each mycelium bears fruit only once per season. Why, then, in the same places during the summer, with periodic warm heavy rains, mushrooms appear again and again, as if in layers? It turns out that mycelium can be located at different depths. Under favorable conditions, the upper myceliums bear fruit first, then the myceliums located below, and so on. Thus, warm rains, especially in July-August, are of primary importance for the yield of mushrooms. Cool September rains do not cause mushroom growth. There are times when there are few warm rains, and the mushroom harvest is large. This can be explained by the fact that previous years were lean.
Each type of mushroom is favored by certain weather conditions. This explains the different time of fruiting. It has been established, for example, that the white fungus grows profusely at an average monthly air temperature of 18 ° C and with a sufficient amount of precipitation. This fact is recommended to be taken into account in the artificial cultivation of porcini mushrooms.
The yield of mushrooms is affected not only by the weather of the current summer, but also of the previous autumn. A warm autumn with heavy rains is the key to a good harvest next year.
People often say: "grows like a mushroom." Indeed, it is difficult to imagine a plant that would grow so quickly. However, the rate of growth depends on many factors. Strongly delays the growth of fungi worminess. Prevents growth and dry weather. Mushrooms grow evenly, regardless of the time of day. The largest increase occurs after heavy rain. Tubular mushrooms grow and age faster than lamellar ones. In late autumn, with the onset of morning frosts, mushrooms can grow for more than a month and age the same amount. Therefore, for honey mushrooms in harvest years, you can go until the first snow. They will always remain fresh, elastic, healthy.
The entire fruiting period is divided into 3 stages or layers. The first layer falls on the second half of May - the beginning of June, when haymaking begins, therefore mushrooms are called hay-mowers. The first boletus, boletus, boletus, porcini mushrooms appear. But there are very few of them, as a rule, they should be looked for in well-lit places, abandoned forest roads, that is, where moisture has remained since spring and the soil has warmed up sufficiently. The first layer of mushrooms is short-lived - 7 ... 10 days, so there is no need to hope for a rich collection. In addition, the mushrooms of the first layer are often wormy.
The second layer begins in mid-July and lasts 2-3 weeks. The yield of the second layer is also small. Mushrooms are also found in well-lit glades, on the edges of the forest. Since the second layer of mushrooms coincides with the harvesting of winter crops, they are popularly called winter. These mushrooms, like those of the First Layer, are often damaged by worms.
The third layer of mushrooms is the most productive and longest. It starts in mid-August and continues until October 0. During this period, the rains are usually even, cooling, so the soil retains moisture at the same level.
The most favorable time comes for the growth of mushrooms, so experienced mushroom pickers go to the forest during this period. The third layer of mushrooms appears not only in glades, they can be found in young forests and plantations. Mushrooms of the third layer are clean, dense, they are used for drying, pickling, pickling.
There are phenomena that signal the appearance of fungi. In science, they are referred to as phenosignalizers. The beginning of each layer is associated with the seasonal development of trees and shrubs. The first layer of mushrooms begins with the blossoming of the mountain ash; the second - with the flowering of Ivan-tea; the third - with the first yellowing of birch leaves. Here are some signals of the appearance of individual species. The aspen blossomed and men's earrings began to fall from the tree - which means that the first morels appeared in the forest. The same aspen, when fluff flies from it, can serve as a signal for the appearance of the first aspen mushrooms. Winter rye is ripe - the first white mushrooms appear. Rowan blossomed - after 5 ... 6 days you can look for boletus. The pine tree began to bloom - granular butterflies appeared in young pine forests. Strongly yellowed birches indicate the beginning of growth of honey agarics.
Mushrooms themselves of different species can also be signaling agents: the abundant growth of fly agaric coincides with the growth of porcini mushrooms; waves appeared - it means that mushrooms will appear in a few days.
It is impossible not to say about the relationship between the fruiting period of mushrooms and their worminess. It's a shame when there are a lot of mushrooms, the appearance is quite benign, but if you cut them in half, they are all riddled with worm tubules. Many had to see mushrooms cut in half and thrown in the forest. What does it say? The fruiting period of the first or second layer of mushrooms ends. It is almost useless to look for healthy, strong mushrooms in this place. Mushrooms can still come across, but mostly they are old or wormy. The most benign mushrooms appear at the beginning of fruiting. The layer of mushrooms ages over time, becomes infected with insect larvae, so even young mushrooms at the end of fruiting are immediately damaged by worms. There are few fungi completely undamaged by worms, therefore, in industrial preparations, specimens that are less than half damaged by worms are classified as benign fungi.
It should be remembered that old worm mushrooms can be poisoned. Yes, and fresh mushrooms, even in the refrigerator, can be stored for a very short time (within a day), because they quickly deteriorate and are seeded with microorganisms that cause poisoning.
The literature provides data on the average worminess of mushrooms in the total mass when harvested. So, chanterelle worms are not affected at all, 5% of the harvested crop is affected
mushrooms, 18.5 - porcini mushrooms, 25.6 - aspen mushrooms, 31.5 - boletus mushrooms, 38.2 - oilers. However, when collecting mushrooms for personal purposes, worm mushrooms should not be collected. It is necessary to adhere to the rule “less is better”.
The resources of some mushroom species are depleted. Unfortunately, in our country, almost no work is being done on the rational exploitation of mushroom resources and increasing their productivity. Experts believe that it is possible to preserve and increase the stocks of valuable mushrooms by creating numerous micro-reserves in which mushroom picking will be prohibited.
For lovers of "quiet hunting" autumn is the time when it's time to go to the forest for mushrooms. Although they begin to grow already in the spring, the autumn mushroom remains the most popular, namely the white one.
The conditions for the growth of porcini mushrooms have their own specific nuances. Therefore, going to the forest, every mushroom picker should know what kind of weather these fruiting bodies like and what temperature they prefer most of all.
Note that the mycelium of porcini mushrooms grows from early spring to the end of autumn. The growth of white fungus depends on a constant supply of air, humidity and a certain temperature. The mycelium penetrates the top layer of soil to a depth of 15 cm. If drought or excessive moisture lasts for a long time in the places where the porcini mushroom grows, as well as soil compaction or early frosts, the fruiting bodies develop very poorly and the mycelium dehydrates. Therefore, for good growth of fungi, air humidity and heat are needed, especially in the surface layers.
The growth rate of the white fungus will be good only at a relative humidity of up to 60%. If a drought occurs abruptly after the rainy season, the fungus stops growing, even if there is enough moisture in the soil. The fruiting body of the porcini fungus is not protected from evaporation, therefore, at low humidity, it dries up. Mushroom pickers with extensive experience know that you need to look for porcini mushroom under moss or in the forest floor.
The second important factor influencing the growth of white fungus is the temperature regime, which will also affect the growth of mycelium and the growth of spores. At the same time, it must be said that spores can also grow at low temperatures, for example, at + 8°C.
The optimum air temperature for the growth of porcini mushrooms is from +18 to +28°C. Fruiting bodies grow especially quickly in rainy warm weather; their growth can continue for a whole month. The average weight of the mushroom during this period is up to 250 g. Already on the fourth or fifth day, the average weight of a young mushroom can reach up to 150-180 g. And after the rains, the growth of porcini mushrooms only increases: sometimes mushroom pickers find mushrooms up to 10-12 cm long with large hats with a diameter of up to 15-18 cm.
Mushrooms live (also called white mushrooms) up to 12-14 days. First, the leg stops growing, after 2-3 days and the hat. As soon as spores begin to form, the fruiting bodies of the porcini fungus quickly age.
Places of growth of porcini mushrooms are an important condition for good harvests. These fruiting bodies can grow for several years in a row in one place. However, this condition will depend on how you treat the mycelium itself. Therefore, novice lovers of "silent hunting" should learn - the legs of porcini mushrooms must be carefully cut with a knife, leaving the lower part in the ground so as not to damage the future crop. Next year, when picking mushrooms, you will definitely find mushrooms in the old places.
The growth time of porcini mushrooms depends on the climatic conditions and latitudes in which the forests are located.
Favorite places for growing porcini mushrooms
These forests are considered the most characteristic landscape for the growth of porcini mushrooms. Such fruiting bodies have a brown cap and stem, prefer sandy or loamy soil. In spruce-fir forests, on moss-lichen litter, boletus mushrooms grow, which mushroom pickers call "a real porcini mushroom."
Deciduous forests. There are much fewer such forest areas in Russia than pine ones. However, porcini mushrooms can also be found in them. Birch forests or birch groves are considered a favorite place for the growth of white fungus. The fruiting bodies in these places have a light shade of the cap and stem, as well as a more pleasant taste of the pulp. Prefers borders between overgrown and open areas, as well as edges and well-lit glades.
Mixed forests. Clusters of white mushrooms can often be found in these forests. This may be influenced by the original mixed woodland undergrowth. In addition, birch often grows in them, which can provide a high yield of mushrooms.
Mushroom season has begun, and lovers of quiet hunting rush to the forest. And not only because others will outstrip them, but also because mushrooms live a short life. I did not have time to collect them in time, and they were already old and destroyed, and all kinds of insects and birds helped them in this.
How long does a mushroom grow?
It grows very fast. From the moment the rudiment appears to the final maturation of the so-called fruiting body, it takes from 10 to 14 days. The exact time depends on the temperature and the soil.
Why so fast? As you know, the fungus develops from the mycelium, which grows in spring, summer, and autumn. So, in this mycelium, young fruiting bodies are formed, scientifically called primordia. As soon as the weather is favorable, they begin to develop rapidly and stretch in length.
The mushroom reaches the average size within 3-6 days. The fastest growth of fungi occurs in the warm period, when it rains and fogs form. But the humidity should not be very high, nor should the temperature be too low or too hot. Well suited for the rapid growth of mushrooms temperature difference.
To the question after the rain, "one cannot give an unambiguous answer. Mushrooms do not always appear after precipitation. Because high humidity alone is not enough for them. When it is warm and humid, the mycelium develops well.
And the growth of the fungi themselves is facilitated by a lower temperature. For example, for champignon mycelium, a temperature of about 25 degrees is considered favorable, and 18-20 degrees are well suited for the growth of the fruiting body.
Width longer than length
So how long does a mushroom grow? It turns out that some mushrooms, such as russula, boletus and boletus, can be collected literally the next day after they crawled out to the surface of the earth. Because their fruiting bodies first grow underground and come to the surface already almost formed. And how much does a mushroom grow after it has appeared from under the ground? Varies, depending on the variety. There are gigantic mushrooms that can grow half a meter per hour. But on average, mushrooms grow by 1-1.5 centimeters per day. In addition, if in the first 5-8 days they grow almost equally in both the height of the stem and the width of the cap, then in the last days the overall growth of the fungus stops, and the diameter of the cap continues to increase.
How long does a white mushroom grow?
On the surface of the earth, mushrooms, depending on the species, live from 10 to 12 or 14 days. like boletus and boletus, lives 11 days. Boletus, chanterelle, honey agarics are good for collection within 10 days. Morels and stitches spoil the fastest - in 6 days. But mushrooms, milk mushrooms, oyster mushrooms will wait for the mushroom picker and all 12 days.
It is also known about the white fungus that after five days, under favorable conditions, it reaches an average of 9 centimeters in height, and its weight these days increases by an average of 40 grams per day.
So how much the fungus grows depends on its type, temperature, and But as soon as the growth of the fungus stops, literally in a day it will begin to collapse. However, this means only one thing: his disputes are ripe. A variety of insects, birds, and animals will quickly spread them across the ground and promote the germination of new mushrooms.
White mushroom, popularly referred to as the noble handsome man and the king of mushrooms, is ranked among forest products with the best taste. Many dishes can be prepared from a fragrant forest product: soups, hodgepodges, roasts, pies, pickles and marinades. In nature, there are about two dozen species of porcini mushrooms, differing in color and place of growth.
White mushroom, popularly referred to as the noble handsome man and the king of mushrooms, is ranked among forest products with the best taste
Boletus is distributed on all continents except Australia. Prefers to settle in deciduous (birch forests, oak forests) and coniferous (pine forests, spruce forests) forests.
Depending on the age of the place of growth, the fruiting bodies of porcini mushrooms differ. If it grows in an oak forest, then the hat has a light color, and the leg is extended. In the birch forest, the caps are also light, but the legs are tuberous. When settling near fir trees, dark hats are placed on long legs. If the mushroom has grown in a pine forest, it has a brownish-red cap and a short thick leg.
White mushrooms begin to bear fruit singly, closer to the autumn period heap. Growing seasons:
- in areas with a temperate climate - from the middle of the first summer month to the end of September;
- in warmer regions - from the end of May to October.
Although the white fungus belongs to light-loving plants, it can grow in places shaded by dense crowns. If during the summer period low daily temperatures and high humidity are observed, the crop can only be harvested in open, well-lit and heated glades. If it turned out to be a favorable summer, the growth of mushrooms does not depend on the illumination. Optimum temperature for fruiting: 15-18°C in summer and 8-10°C in autumn.
How to quickly find a white mushroom in the forest (video)
Rules for collecting white mushrooms
Since the boletus is very sensitive to temperature conditions, it grows very quickly under favorable climatic conditions. The duration of the period from the beginning of growth to full maturation is several days. In just 7-10 days, the fungus ages, losing its taste and accumulating toxic waste products of the pests that have settled in it. In view of this feature, the mushroom picker must prepare in advance for harvesting in order not to miss the very peak of its growth.
Mushrooms grow especially fast after rain. After 2 - 3 days after precipitation, you can go in search of mushrooms. Closer to autumn, it becomes cooler, and the growth of forest dwellers slows down.
It is important to know the places where white mushrooms grow. Having found at least one individual, you should carefully examine the nearby territory, examining the possible areas of their appearance. Mushrooms are recommended to be cut with a knife, but in its absence, you need to gently swing the mushroom and unscrew it from the ground.
In order not to cause harm to health, it is important to follow some rules:
- any mushrooms are natural sorbents that absorb toxic substances, so it is forbidden to collect them in ecologically unfavorable areas;
- since the product is useful only until the end of the growth period, it is not recommended to use it after the start of the decay period;
- edible mushrooms have inedible counterparts or similar poisonous mushrooms, so you can not collect unfamiliar specimens.
Porcini mushrooms have a white and dense pulp, almost tasteless, but with a pleasant aroma. They contain substances useful for the body. The plant product is widely used for culinary purposes, but before use, they must be properly processed.
It is important to know the places where porcini mushrooms grow
Time and place for picking porcini mushrooms in Russia
In the northern regions of Russia, porcini mushrooms begin to bear fruit from the beginning of summer, in the southern regions - from mid-May. The timing of fruiting may vary depending on the temperature regime.
Mass harvesting begins from the middle of the last month of summer. It was at this time that mushroom pickers go on a quiet hunt and return with full baskets. In Siberian forests, mushrooms grow in the taiga, in other districts in forests with a predominance of coniferous or mixed species. Experienced mushroom pickers advise looking for mushrooms around deciduous trees over 50 years old and pine trees 20-30 years old. The soil should be sandy, sandy and loamy. Mushroom pickers have nothing to do in swampy places, since mushrooms practically do not grow there.
Where and when to look for porcini mushrooms in Belarus
Mushrooms are a traditional and favorite delicacy of Belarusian cuisine. The republic has ideal mushroom conditions: the presence of mixed forests and swamps. The unique climatic conditions have a beneficial effect on the growth of various types of mushrooms. The first edible mushrooms begin to appear already in the first month of spring, but the specific dates depend on weather conditions. Minsk and Vitebsk regions are considered the best mushroom lands. A large harvest can be harvested in forests located along the Vitebsk direction.
It is recommended to look for white fungus among coniferous trees. He prefers to settle in clearings and forest edges. On hot summer days, it most often hides in shelters under trees, and in cool autumn it basks in open sunny areas, especially on moist soil.
In order not to miss the hidden fungus, it is important to carefully consider places along the paths. Experienced mushroom pickers advise not to pass by small semi-dried forest streams and hillocks. It is especially difficult to look for it in fallen leaves.
After haymaking (usually from the second half of July) a second layer of mushrooms appears. After 2 - 3 weeks there is a lull. Then comes the most abundant mushroom layer, which continues until frost. During the summer, the mycelium grew, and the soil warmed up, which contributes to abundant fruiting.
Season and places for picking porcini mushrooms in Ukraine
Interest in early fungi is not shown by many residents of Ukraine. Mass collection of a valuable crop begins at the end of the spring period. In addition to warm weather, another necessary condition for the appearance of mushrooms is the presence of a moist upper layer of the earth, otherwise there will be no crop if there is a lack of moisture.
You can go in search of white mushrooms at any time throughout the summer period. Especially a lot of them grows in the forests of western Ukraine. These territories are characterized by the presence of tall trees, which helps to maintain the required level of moisture, which stimulates the growth of fungi.
Autumn is also a prosperous period for collecting forest gifts, because this time is characterized by heavy rainfall. Experienced mushroom pickers note the high yield of the Tsyuryupinsky district, where, in addition to porcini, other equally tasty mushrooms grow, for example, boletus and truffles.
White mushrooms are found before the temperature drops in October, although in the Carpathians they can be collected all year round. The product is known for its nutritional and healing properties. Despite the fact that pests are often observed inside the fruiting body, they do not lose their value.
Collection of white mushrooms in Germany
In Germany, there are at least five thousand known species of mushrooms. The third part is edible. Porcini mushrooms, actively used in German cuisine, can be harvested as early as May. They appear in rare young oak plantings, clearings and aisles. A little later, mushrooms-umbrellas and chanterelles begin. The peak is in autumn. In the regions located south of Lake Constance, even black truffles are found, which are classified as gourmet products.
Before going in search of a harvest, in Germany they offer to complete preparatory courses, including theoretical studies and practice. In order not to confuse useful forest beauties with poisonous individuals, it is advised to download a special application to an electronic device, which describes each type of mushroom in detail and in pictures.
But even experienced mushroom pickers cannot collect as many mushrooms as they want, since limited collection is allowed by law. If you abuse natural gifts, you can get a big fine.
How to collect porcini mushrooms (video)
Bouillon can be made from porcini mushrooms, the beneficial properties of which are considered higher than that of traditional meat broth. It contains a large amount of vitamins that contribute to the proper functioning of the thyroid gland and improve the condition of hair, nails and skin.
Experts do not recommend eating freshly cooked porcini mushrooms, as they contain quinine, which prevents the absorption of healthy proteins. In order for the quinine to evaporate, the product must first be dried. In dry form, they will go for making vegetable soups.
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