Can the human body live without vitamins. Can the human body live without vitamins: the role of nutrients in life. Daily requirement of the body for vitamin B12
Our body needs vitamins. Find out if you can do without them coming from outside?
Our body is a complex system, for the normal operation of which you need the timely intake of certain substances. Vitamins are one of the essential nutrients for us. They play an important role in the metabolism, growth and development of the body. We must obtain most of these substances from outside. But there are also vitamins that our body can produce on its own in the right amount.
Vitamins we can provide ourselves with
Vitamins of group K
Synthesized by intestinal microflora. The needs of our body can be completely covered by the production of these vitamins in the intestines in the normal state of the microflora. But with dysbacteriosis, vitamins of this group are not produced enough.
Dysbacteriosis can occur as a result of a gastrointestinal disorder or taking certain medications. In the diet of a modern person, there are many refined foods and foods containing various nutritional supplements. It can also inhibit the intestinal microflora and lead to insufficient synthesis of K vitamins in the human body.
We can get vitamins of group K from food. Spinach, white, brussels and cauliflower, wheat bran, kiwifruit, bananas, milk and dairy products, meat, eggs and olive oil will help you with this.
Niacin, or vitamin PP
Niacin, like vitamins of group K, can be synthesized by the intestinal microflora. But this requires a simultaneous combination of several factors. Food should be rich in the amino acid tryptophan and vitamins B6 and B2.
This vitamin can also be obtained from food. To do this, your diet should include: liver, nuts, eggs, all types of meat, legumes, buckwheat, green vegetables.
VitaminD
Vitamins of group K and niacin are synthesized microflora intestines, i.e. they are produced by microorganisms that use our body as their home. But vitamin D is synthesized directly by the human body. This fat-soluble vitamin is formed in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. But if we don’t go outside much, and the skin does not get sunlight, then vitamin D is not produced.
"Vitamin D performs a number important functions. First of all, it provides the mineralization of bones, cartilage and teeth. It also maintains an optimal balance of calcium and phosphates in the blood, which is necessary for proper bone mineralization, muscle contraction and regulation of other life processes,” says Igor Fedorovich Belenichev, Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Reception, Professor of Zaporozhye Medical University.
To avoid health problems caused by vitamin deficiency D, the following foods can be included in the diet: butter, cheese and other dairy products, eggs, fish oil, caviar, parsley, mushrooms, sunflower seeds.
Vitamins we produce in small amounts
The human intestinal microflora in small quantities also synthesizes such vitamins as B1 (thiamine), B4 (choline), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine),
B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid). But the received amount of these substances is not enough to provide the body. Therefore, these vitamins must be obtained from food or consumed in the form of vitamin supplements.
Questions from readers
October 18, 2013, 17:25 Hello. Your help is very much needed. To my mother in May 2012 was diagnosed with Erythremia (polycythemia vera). Stage A. Mom is 71 years old. She is currently taking Hydrea. She donates blood every 10-14 days. There is a tendency to increase platelets (now 480, used to be 427). Erythrocytes are increased (6.5). Hemoglobin 138. At the moment, the attending hematologist is on vacation .. (Therefore, I turn to you for help. I have a question about the nutrition of such patients. What should be excluded from the diet? grapefruits (other citrus fruits), as mother already eats these products? I will be very grateful to you for detailed advice.
Ask a QuestionProduced in the intestine and B 12 (cyanocobalamin). But the absorption zone of this vitamin is located above the place where this substance is produced, so B12 is not absorbed by the body. True, adherents of vegetarianism dispute this point of view, but doctors believe that this vitamin must be supplied to the body from the outside.
Vitamins that we get only from food
Some vitamins not produced by our body at all. These include vitamins A, E, C, some B vitamins. But this does not mean that these are “optional” vitamins. They play a very important role in the functioning of our body and their lack can cause many health problems. Therefore, we must take care of the “uninterrupted” supply of these substances to our body.
Why does our body not synthesize many vitamins?
Scientists believe that the reason for this lies in the distant past. They argue that the whole point is how human ancestors ate. Ancient people had a very varied diet. At the same time, all the necessary microelements and vitamins got inside with food. The synthesis of any substances inside the body requires extra energy costs. Why does the body waste energy in vain, if all the necessary substances are already supplied inside with food?
Human evolution "cancelled" the production of some vitamins in the body, and now we need to constantly replenish their reserves. Don't forget about it. Eat foods that contain all the substances we need. Provide your body with vitamins and be healthy!
Everyone knows that vitamins are necessary for the normal functioning of the body. We get them mainly from vegetables, fruits and other foods. The lack of vitamins leads to various diseases. Many people are interested in the question, is it possible to live without vitamins at all?
Essential Substances
In fact, it won’t be long to live without vitamins, because our body cannot synthesize them on its own, and they are needed for the normal functioning of organs. Even a lack of one of the vitamins can cause serious diseases, such as rickets and scurvy.
A smoker destroys up to 100 mg of vitamin C with every cigarette smoked.
It would seem that to fill the complex of missing substances with modern development medicine is easy. You just need to go to the pharmacy and buy the necessary vitamins. But doctors still recommend replenishing the supply of vitamins not with the help of artificial additives, but with the help of food.
What are the consequences of a lack of certain vitamins?
A lack of vitamins in the body can lead to serious consequences, for example:
- Vitamin Benefit D for the body cannot be overestimated. The fact is that it promotes the absorption of calcium. Due to its deficiency, dangerous diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets can occur. It is found in large quantities in dairy products, as well as in fish oil, cheese and raw yolks.
- The lack of vitamin C immediately affects the well-being of a person. He becomes lethargic, feels constant fatigue and often gets sick. This is because this vitamin helps the immune system to resist all kinds of infections. To compensate for vitamin deficiency FROM it is recommended to lean on the following products: citrus fruits, peppers, tomatoes, sea buckthorn, sauerkraut;
- With a deficiency of B vitamins, problems with the skin, hair and nails appear. The nervous system also suffers, the person becomes more irritable. There may be insomnia. You can make up for the lack of these elements with the help of fermented milk products, kidneys, liver and nuts;
- vitamin deficiency BUT mainly affects the organs of vision. A person begins to see worse, he has problems with metabolism and with the immune system. You can replenish the supply of this vitamin with the help of the following products: eggs, carrots, apricots, milk and parsley;
- Vitamin E is also necessary for the normal functioning of the body. It improves the condition of the skin, hair and nails. It can rightly be called the vitamin of youth. In addition, it helps to cope with high physical and mental stress. It is found in vegetable oil, spinach, eggs and meat.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that vitamins are simply vital to our body. It is impossible to live without them, and their deficiency causes serious diseases and significantly worsens a person’s well-being.
PROJECT of a 4th grade student "A" Maria Chernikova on the topic: "Can the human body live without vitamins"
Vitamins, what is it? When we pronounce this word, we imagine multi-colored bright dragees or no less colorful, juicy fruits. What to prefer? The human body is unable to synthesize vitamins on its own. We get them from food. And if vitamins are not enough, then health worsens. Here are just a few diseases caused by a lack of vitamins: rickets, scurvy. What to do? The easiest way is to go to the pharmacy and buy a pack of vitamins. Isn't it better to stick to the traditional way of replenishing the body with vitamins through food?
Products with vitamin D 08/14/2011 | Author: vitamin It is difficult to question the benefits of vitamin D for the human body. Indeed, due to its lack, such serious diseases as rickets or osteoporosis can develop. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D is mainly found in dairy products. But not in the milk itself (although it is also present there in small quantities), but in fermented milk. Vitamin D is also found in: - cottage cheese - cheese - vegetable and butter - raw yolks - cod and halibut liver - fish oil - fish: herring, tuna, mackerel, mackerel - seafood
In a child's body, a lack of vitamin D can lead to such a serious illness as rickets. With this disease, deformed lower limbs and spine. Therefore, children should walk more often in the fresh air, being exposed to sunlight. Also include foods rich in vitamin D in your diet.
The most noticeable deficiency is the lack of vitamin C, and it is he who helps immune system resist infection. And if vitamin C is not enough, then we often get tired, become lethargic, and a cold can easily overcome us. To replenish the supply of this vitamin, you need to add on citrus fruits, bell pepper, tomatoes, sea buckthorn. And there is a real pantry of vitamin C - sauerkraut!
The B vitamins are very important. If cracks appear in the corners of the mouth, lips dry, hair and nails become dull and brittle, increased tearing, irritability and insomnia appear, then this indicates a lack of such vitamins. And you can replenish them with fermented milk products, liver, kidneys, eggs, peas, nuts, rice, buckwheat and beets.
If vision began to fail, then it means that there is not enough vitamin A. This can cause problems with the immune system and hormones. Yes, and appearance, the skin can suffer. Therefore, we urgently lean on eggs, fish, carrots, milk, apricots, parsley and dill.
And for those who feel that they cannot concentrate, cannot force themselves to do business, you need to replenish the lack of vitamin E. It is he who helps to saturate brain cells with oxygen, protects us from stress and helps to cope with mental stress. Eat plenty of spinach, eggs, lettuce, liver, vegetable oil and meat. Have you noticed that eggs are the most versatile food? But of course, that they should not be abused either. Fish eggs - caviar are also very useful.
MYSTERIES They seem to be cucumbers, They only grow in bunches, And for breakfast, these fruits are served to Monkeys. This fellow is very strong, Disobedient to the tooth, Split it first, And then eat it. In appearance, he is like a red ball, Only now he does not rush at a gallop. It contains a useful vitamin - It is ripe ... In a brown caftan, I am sitting in the ground with friends. Whoever digs with a shovel will find me.
In golden clothes Not a single fastener. He is a healer, doctor and friend He treats any ailment. Like blood, red. Like honey, delicious. Like a ball, round, Lies in my mouth. Itself with a cam, a red barrel, Touch it - smoothly, bite off - sweet.
Remember the simple truth Only the one who chews raw carrots or drinks carrot juice sees better. From colds and sore throats Help oranges Well, it's better to eat lemon Although it is very sour. Never lose heart with a smile on your face, And of course, take Vitamins "A", "B", "C".
REMEMBER ABOUT VITAMINS!
Life without vitamins is impossible. It is very difficult to imagine how just one element of nutrition can affect many processes in the body, as well as all health in general. Most people around the world do not get enough of all essential vitamins. In tropical countries, there is a lack of vitamins D and group B, and in cold countries, people lack vitamins C and A. At the same time, there is a danger of overconsumption of certain vitamins, and this danger is now much greater than their deficiency. This is of great practical importance. Life without vitamins is impossible. It is very difficult to imagine how just one element of nutrition can affect many processes in the body, as well as all health in general. Most people around the world do not get enough of all essential vitamins. In tropical countries, there is a lack of vitamins D and group B, and in cold countries, people lack vitamins C and A. At the same time, there is a danger of overconsumption of certain vitamins, and this danger is now much greater than their deficiency. This is of great practical importance.
Why do you need to cut the skin? The peel of fruits and vegetables, as you know, contains the main amount of vitamins. Then why is the peel undesirable to eat? In fact, previous studies have proven that apple peel extract, for example, slows down the spread of malignant cells. Cucumber peel is also considered very beneficial for the skin. But here's the trouble - the peel of the fetus, like a sponge, is able to accumulate everything in itself, including various substances harmful to our body. As a result, the benefits of the peel turn around for a person with a number of health problems. It is for this reason that the skin should be cut off before eating an apple or cucumber. The peel of fruits and vegetables, as you know, contains the main amount of vitamins. Then why is the peel undesirable to eat? In fact, previous studies have proven that apple peel extract, for example, slows down the spread of malignant cells. Cucumber peel is also considered very beneficial for the skin. But here's the trouble - the peel of the fetus, like a sponge, is able to accumulate everything in itself, including various substances harmful to our body. As a result, the benefits of the peel turn around for a person with a number of health problems. It is for this reason that the skin should be cut off before eating an apple or cucumber. Maybe they're grown with pesticides, or they're cooked on the farm. As a result, the benefits of the peel turn around for a person with a number of health problems. It is for this reason that the skin should be cut off before eating an apple or cucumber. Maybe they're grown with pesticides, or they're cooked on the farm. As a result, the benefits of the peel turn around for a person with a number of health problems. It is for this reason that the skin should be cut off before eating an apple or cucumber.
Vitamins save a person from excess fats and carbohydrates. If you don't want to dial excess weight, worry about the patient, then on the advice of nutritionists, as preventive measure before use fatty foods take half a gram of vitamin C and four hundred units of vitamin E. Regular intake of multivitamins gives the body many advantages, but there are still many who doubt their benefits.
Physiological Needs. Unfortunately, it is not. The physiological needs of our body for vitamins and microelements were formed by the entire previous evolution of the species, during which the human metabolism adapted to the amount of biologically active substances that he received with large volumes of simple natural food, corresponding to the equally large energy expenditure of our distant ancestors. Unfortunately, this not this way. The physiological needs of our body for vitamins and microelements were formed by the entire previous evolution of the species, during which the human metabolism adapted to the amount of biologically active substances that he received with large volumes of simple natural food, corresponding to the equally large energy expenditure of our distant ancestors.
Daily human diet. Our diet has lost its former diversity. We don’t even notice that our breakfasts, lunches, dinners are reduced to a narrow standard set of several main food groups and ready meals. We buy more refined, high-calorie, but poor in vitamins and minerals food (white bread, pasta, confectionery, sugar, all kinds of drinks). In our diet, the proportion of products subjected to canning, long-term storage, intensive technological processing has increased, which inevitably leads to a significant loss of vitamins. Our diet has lost its former diversity. We do not even notice that our breakfasts, lunches, dinners are reduced to a narrow standard set of several main food groups and ready meals. We buy more refined, high-calorie, but poor in vitamins and minerals food (white bread, pasta, confectionery, sugar, all kinds of drinks). In our diet, the proportion of products subjected to canning, long-term storage, intensive technological processing has increased, which inevitably leads to a significant loss of vitamins. Most of our compatriots do not have a healthy habit, characteristic of the inhabitants of Western countries, of daily consumption of a large amount of various greens and fruits, seafood. Most of our compatriots do not have a healthy habit, characteristic of the inhabitants of Western countries, of daily consumption of a large amount of various greens and fruits, seafood.
Can a person himself make sure that he lacks vitamins? Although each vitamin and trace element has its own “object of attention” in the body, spring deficiency of vitamins and minerals manifests itself in most people with a classic set of symptoms. If you feel sleepy, exhausted, irritable, decreased attention and memory, are vulnerable to all kinds of colds, if your eyes get tired quickly and the sharpness of evening vision has decreased, if you have dry, flaky skin, you are annoyed by acne, "barley", boils , lips crack, nails exfoliate, hair faded, break off and fall out intensely, wounds on the skin slowly heal. Although each vitamin and trace element has its own “object of attention” in the body, spring deficiency of vitamins and minerals manifests itself in most people with a classic set of symptoms. If you feel sleepy, exhausted, irritable, decreased attention and memory, are vulnerable to all kinds of colds, if your eyes get tired quickly and the sharpness of evening vision has decreased, if you have dry, flaky skin, you are annoyed by acne, "barley", boils , lips crack, nails exfoliate, hair faded, break off and fall out intensely, wounds on the skin slowly heal.
Vitamin A VITAMIN A The corresponding provitamin beta-carotene is found only in yellow-colored fruits (apricots, yellow peaches) and green leafy vegetables. Retinol of animal origin is part of milk. Vitamin A deficiency leads to hemeralopia (night blindness). At an advanced stage, accelerated keratinization of the epithelium develops, clouding of the lens (cataract), which leads to blindness. Other side effects are hoarseness, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis and kidney stones. The average daily requirement for vitamin A is 1.1 mg. Pregnant and lactating women need more of this vitamin. VITAMIN A The corresponding provitamin beta-carotene is found only in plants - fruits of yellow color (apricots, yellow peaches) and green leafy vegetables. Retinol of animal origin is part of milk. Vitamin A deficiency leads to hemeralopia (night blindness). At an advanced stage, accelerated keratinization of the epithelium develops, clouding of the lens (cataract), which leads to blindness. Other side effects are hoarseness, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis and kidney stones. The average daily requirement for vitamin A is 1.1 mg. Pregnant and lactating women need more of this vitamin.
Vitamin C Vitamin C The main source of this vitamin are fruits and vegetables. Dry rose hips, blackcurrant, red pepper, parsley, dill, sorrel, tomatoes, lemons, oranges, tangerines, Antonov apples, gooseberries, cabbage, and tomatoes are especially rich in them. For a daily prophylactic dose of vitamin C, approximately 30 g of blackcurrant, or 190 g of strawberries, or gooseberries, or 300 g of lemons, oranges, tangerines, tomatoes, 150 g of cauliflower or 400 g white cabbage, lettuce, red currant, Antonov apples. Potatoes are not rich in vitamin C, but they are an important source of vitamin C, as they are consumed in large quantities. Vegetables and fruits are the main source of this vitamin. Dry rose hips, blackcurrant, red pepper, parsley, dill, sorrel, tomatoes, lemons, oranges, tangerines, Antonov apples, gooseberries, cabbage, and tomatoes are especially rich in them. For a daily prophylactic dose of vitamin C, approximately 30 g of blackcurrant, or 190 g of strawberries, or gooseberries, or 300 g of lemons, oranges, tangerines, tomatoes, 150 g of cauliflower or 400 g of white cabbage, lettuce, red currants, Antonov apples are enough. Potatoes are not rich in vitamin C, but they are an important source of vitamin C, as they are consumed in large quantities.
Vitamin D The most important forms of calciferol are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3. Both of these forms are synthesized by the body from provitamins ergosterol under the influence of ultraviolet rays of the sun. Vitamin D is found in mushrooms, dairy products and eggs. Calciferol of high concentration is part of the liver of marine fish. Vitamin D regulates the level of calcium in the blood plasma. Vitamin D deficiency is a rather rare phenomenon and is caused not by insufficient intake of it with food, but as a result of a deficiency. sunlight, which leads in children to rickets, and in adults - to softening of the bones. An overdose is dangerous by washing out calcium and phosphate from bone tissues. Calcium and phosphate excreted from the body are deposited in the kidneys and blood vessels. An increased need for vitamin D is typical only for children. For adults, an average of mg of vitamin D per day is considered sufficient. The most important forms of calciferol are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3. Both of these forms are synthesized by the body from provitamins ergosterol under the influence of ultraviolet rays of the sun. Vitamin D is found in mushrooms, dairy products and eggs. Calciferol of high concentration is part of the liver of marine fish. Vitamin D regulates the level of calcium in the blood plasma. Vitamin D deficiency is a rather rare phenomenon and is not caused by insufficient intake of it with food, but as a result of a lack of sunlight, which leads to rickets in children, and in adults to softening of the bones. An overdose is dangerous by washing out calcium and phosphate from bone tissues. Calcium and phosphate excreted from the body are deposited in the kidneys and blood vessels. An increased need for vitamin D is typical only for children. For adults, an average of mg of vitamin D per day is considered sufficient.
Vitamin E Vitamin E VITAMIN E belongs to the group of 7 vitamins of plant origin. They are resistant to elevated temperatures. Most of the vitamin E in wheat germ and cotton seeds; it is also found in corn, sunflower and soybean oils. Vitamin E becomes especially effective in a fatty environment. Bile acid is necessarily involved in its absorption. In the human body, vitamin E does not undergo any changes. The function of tocopherol is to neutralize harmful and toxic substances that come with food. The action of this group of vitamins has not yet been fully studied, but it can be considered proven that some vitamin E deficiency in infants is a consequence of malnutrition during artificial feeding. The consequences of vitamin E deficiency include hyperkeratosis (increased keratinization of the skin. VITAMIN E belongs to the group of 7 vitamins of plant origin. They are resistant to elevated temperatures. Most of vitamin E is found in wheat germ and cotton seeds; it is also found in corn, sunflower and soybean oils. Vitamin E becomes especially effective in a fatty environment. Bile acid is necessarily involved in its absorption. In the human body, vitamin E does not undergo any changes. The function of tocopherol is to neutralize harmful and toxic substances that come with food. The action of this group of vitamins has not yet fully investigated, but it can be considered proven that some vitamin E deficiency in infants is a consequence of inadequate nutrition during artificial feeding.The consequences of vitamin E deficiency include hyperkeratosis (increased keratinization of the skin.
Due to a deficiency of vitamin B12, anemia develops, that is, anemia. Because of it, people used to die within 2-5 years. Treatment did not help, and the disease was called pernicious (malignant) anemia. And real effective drug from it was found in 1926 by American doctors. But it was not vitamin B12, but ... raw liver, which, as it turned out many years later, was very a large number of vitamin B12.
So this vitamin could be called the "liver vitamin". In 1934, for the discovery and development of this “drug”, three American physicians were awarded Nobel Prize. In the nomination, it was directly indicated: "for the discovery of liver therapy (liver therapy) for patients with anemia." And not a word was said about vitamin B12. Why?
The vitamin itself was isolated in its pure form much later, in 1948. It turned out to be a red crystalline powder. And its chemical formula and structure was deciphered only in 1956 by the famous chemist Dorothy Hodgkin. In 1964, she received her Nobel Prize "for determining the structures of biologically active substances using X-rays." The award was given for a combination of studies, she deciphered a lot of things, and among other things - the "device" of vitamin B12. One of the most complex vitamins from a chemical point of view. In this he is also a vitamin paradox. But this paradox is not the last.
Numbers game
B12 is the last eighth vitamin in the B group. Why then is it called B12 and not vitamin B8? The fact is that in history there were vitamins B4, B8, B10, B11 and a few more B with indices greater than 12. When they were discovered, they were considered vitamins, but upon further study they did not turn out to be such. Among them there are substances useful and not very, even toxic. Some of these former vitamins are available as supplements, and even as medicines. But this is a topic for a separate discussion, since now they do not pass through the department of vitamins.
Not only anemia
The lack of vitamin B12 leads not only to anemia. It is essential for normal operation nervous system. With its deficiency, degenerative changes in the brain and nerves occur. Vitamin is very important for DNA synthesis - this is the material of which our genes are composed, and all hereditary information is recorded in it. When each cell divides, the DNA is doubled - an additional copy is created, from which information is transmitted to a new cell. This process is endless as long as the organism is alive. And vitamin B12 is extremely important for him.
The ubiquitous vitamin
Cells that divide and renew rapidly are more susceptible to deficiency of this vitamin than others. And that's what anemia is all about. Our body is constantly producing millions of red blood cells, these red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout the body. If hemoglobin is low, it is called anemia. In this state, our cells do not have enough oxygen. Due to the lack of vitamin B12, the production of red blood cells falls, and with it the total amount of hemoglobin decreases. This is B12 deficiency anemia.
This vitamin works in every cell of our body, and in addition, it is also needed for the synthesis of fatty acids and energy production. It is important that it performs part of its functions in tandem with another vitamin from the B group - folic acid.
What are the signs of anemia?
Anemias are not only B12-deficient, and the following symptoms are typical for all of them:
- pale skin
- weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath with a slight physical activity
- possible weight loss
- Inflammation of the tongue (glossitis) and oral cavity (stomatitis)
- Diarrhea (diarrhea)
These signs are associated with mucosal damage digestive tract, also suffering from a lack of vitamin B12.
Important: For an accurate diagnosis, a detailed blood test is very important.
Symptoms of damage to the nervous system with vitamin B12 deficiency
- Depression, memory problems, rapid mental decline
- Dizziness
- More serious signs are decreased sensation and tingling in the arms and legs
- Possible uncertainty when walking, swaying
Important: All of these symptoms are non-specific. That is, it can be with other diseases. And therefore, only a doctor can accurately diagnose.
Where to find vitamin B12?
It is not found in vegetables, fruits and berries; plants, like people, do not synthesize vitamin B12. It is produced only by some bacteria, animals absorb them, assimilate the vitamin, it accumulates in their muscles, especially in the liver. We eat animal products with this vitamin, and it accumulates in our body in the same way. If a person becomes a strict vegetarian, the supply of the vitamin is cut off and it is used up from supplies. This may be enough for several years (sometimes up to 10 years), but then B12-deficiency anemia will still develop if you do not take the vitamin in the form of a drug.
Top Sources of Vitamin B12
- Liver and meat of animals and poultry (may contain 20 times more vitamin than meat)
- Beef, veal, pork, lamb and poultry
- Fish, especially haddock, and tuna
- Milk, yogurt and other dairy products, cheese
Daily requirement of the body for vitamin B12
- Adults and adolescents over 14 years of age 2.4 mcg
- Pregnant women - 2.6 mcg
- Nursing mothers - 2.8 mcg
Who is most at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?
- For strict vegetarians
- People with celiac disease (gluten intolerance) and inflammatory diseases small intestine(here this vitamin is absorbed)
- People with atrophic gastritis or with a removed stomach (the so-called Castle factor is produced here, which is important for the absorption of vitamin B12)
- People with chronic alcoholism
- People taking the following medications (they make it difficult for you to absorb vitamin B12):
Metformin is used in the treatment diabetes 2nd type)
- proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, etc.) - widely used in the treatment peptic ulcer
- H2 receptor blockers (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, etc.) - also used in the treatment of peptic ulcer
- some antibiotics.