Mixed heating system with radiators and underfloor heating. Combined heating systems of a private house. How to combine heaters
One of the stages of building a private house is the design and creation heating system. This is a difficult stage, since it is necessary not only to design heating, but also to save on materials. An important factor is the fact that the created heating should be efficient and economical. We create the heating of a private house with our own hands - you can find the wiring diagrams (the most basic ones) in our review.
There are a lot of schemes for distributing heating pipes in private households. Some of them are combined, which allows you to increase the efficiency of the system and achieve more uniform heating of the whole house. In our review, we will consider only the most basic schemes:
- single-pipe horizontal scheme;
- one-pipe vertical scheme;
- scheme "Leningradka";
- two-pipe system with bottom wiring;
- two-pipe system with top wiring;
- beam system with collectors;
- schemes with forced and natural circulation.
Let's look at the features of the presented schemes, as well as discuss their advantages, disadvantages and installation features.
Single pipe systems
In single-pipe heating systems, the coolant passes through all radiators in series.
Creating the heating of a private house with your own hands, the easiest way is to equip a single-pipe heating system. It has many advantages, such as the economic use of materials. Here we can save a lot on pipes and achieve heat delivery to each room. A single-pipe heating system provides for the sequential delivery of coolant to each battery. That is the coolant leaves the boiler, enters one battery, then another, then a third, and so on.
What happens in the last battery? Having reached the end of the heating system, the coolant turns around and goes back to the boiler through a solid pipe. What are the main advantages of such a scheme?
- Ease of installation - you need to sequentially conduct the coolant through the batteries and return it back.
- The minimum consumption of materials is the simplest and cheapest scheme.
- The low location of the heating pipes - they can be mounted on the floor level or even lowered under the floors (this can increase the hydraulic resistance and require the use of a circulation pump).
There are also some disadvantages that you have to put up with:
- limited length of the horizontal section - no more than 30 meters;
- the farther from the boiler, the colder the radiators.
However, there are some technical tricks that allow leveling these shortcomings. For example, the length of horizontal sections can be handled by installing a circulation pump. It will also help make the last radiators warmer. Jumpers-bypasses on each of the radiators will also help to compensate for the temperature drop. Let's now discuss the individual varieties of one-pipe systems.
Single pipe horizontal
The simplest version of a single-pipe horizontal heating system with a bottom connection.
When creating a heating system for a private house with your own hands, a single-pipe wiring scheme can be the most profitable and cheapest. It is equally well suited for one-story houses, as well as for two-story. In case of one-story house she looks very simple radiators are connected in series - in order to ensure consistent flow of the coolant. After the last radiator, the coolant is sent through a solid return pipe to the boiler.
Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme
To begin with, we will consider the main advantages of the scheme:
- ease of implementation;
- great option for small houses;
- saving materials.
A single-pipe horizontal heating scheme is an excellent option for small rooms with a minimum number of rooms.
The scheme is really very simple and understandable, so even a beginner can handle its implementation. It provides for a serial connection of all installed radiators. it ideal heating layout for a small private house. For example, if this is a one-room or two-room house, then “fencing” a more complex two-pipe system does not make much sense.
Looking at the photo of such a scheme, we can note that the return pipe here is solid, it does not pass through the radiators. Therefore, such a scheme is more economical in terms of material consumption. If you do not have extra money, such a wiring will be the most optimal for you - it will save money and allow you to provide the house with heat.
As for the shortcomings, they are few. The main disadvantage is that the last battery in the house will be colder than the very first one. This is due to the sequential passage of the coolant through the batteries, where it gives off the accumulated heat to the atmosphere. Another disadvantage of a single-pipe horizontal circuit is that if one battery fails, the entire system will have to be turned off at once.
Despite certain disadvantages, this heating scheme continues to be used in many private houses of a small area.
Features of the installation of a single-pipe horizontal system
By creating water heating a private house with your own hands, a scheme with a single-pipe horizontal wiring will be the easiest to implement. During the installation process, it is necessary to mount the radiators, and then connect them with pipe sections. After connecting the last radiator, it is necessary to turn the system in the opposite direction - it is desirable that the outlet pipe runs along the opposite wall.
The larger your home, the more windows it has and the more radiators it has. Accordingly, heat losses also increase, as a result of which it becomes noticeably cooler in the last rooms. You can compensate for the drop in temperature by increasing the number of sections on the last radiators. But it is best to mount a system with bypasses or with forced circulation of the coolant - we will talk about this a little later.
A similar heating scheme can be used to heat two-story houses. To do this, two chains of radiators are created (on the first and second floors), which are connected in parallel to each other. There is only one return pipe in this battery connection scheme, it starts from the last radiator on the first floor. A return pipe is also connected there, descending from the second floor.
Single pipe vertical
How else can you heat two-story households with a single-pipe system? There really is an alternative - this is a single-pipe vertical heating system, which is used by many people who are looking for a suitable steam heating scheme in a private house. There are no difficulties in such a scheme, you just need to bring the supply pipe with the coolant to the second floor and connect the batteries located there, and then make bends down to the first floor.
Advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe vertical scheme
As usual, let's start with the positives:
In single-pipe vertical heating systems, the coolant flows from the radiator on the top floor to the lower floors.
- more pronounced savings on materials;
- relatively the same air temperature on the first and second floors;
- ease of implementation.
The list of disadvantages is the same as that of the previous scheme. It includes heat losses on the last radiators. And since the coolant is supplied through the upper floor, then It may be cooler on the first floor than on the second.
Savings on materials are more than solid. Only one pipe is sent upstairs, from which the coolant is distributed to all radiators on the second floor (not sequentially). From each upper radiator, the pipes descend to the radiators on the ground floor, after which they enter one common return pipe. Thus, this scheme assumes a minimum use of materials.
Features of the installation of a single-pipe vertical system
When installing a vertical one-pipe system, you will get as many chains as you have radiators on each floor.
In the previous diagram gas heating in a private house, the pipes sequentially bypassed the radiators on the first and second floors. That is, we have two parallel chains were obtained, each of which included several radiators. In the current scheme, we also have chains, but they are vertical. For example, if there are four radiators on each floor, then we get four chains connected in parallel.
This scheme assumes one solid supply pipe passing through the upper floor. Branches are made from it to each radiator. After passing through the upper radiators, the coolant enters the lower radiators, only after that - into the return pipe passing through the first floor.
If in the first case the greatest heat losses were observed in the distant radiators of the first and second floors, then in this scheme it will be cooler on the first floor, since part of the heat will be spent on the second floor.
A single-pipe vertical heating scheme for a private house with a gas boiler can be implemented without forced circulation of the coolant. The thing is that the temperature of the coolant supplied to the radiators of the second floor is the same. The drop in temperature is observed only on the first floor. But if we supplement the radiators with bypass jumpers, then the temperature change will be minimal - it can be neglected.
Thus, this circuit, supplemented by bypass jumpers, will become the most economical and inexpensive among any other circuits. Instead of gas boiler any other boiler can be used. The scheme of electric heating of a private house is no different from gas heating (except for the type of boiler).
Scheme "Leningradka"
The Leningradka heating system is an improved one-pipe system.
Both considered schemes have one common drawback - the temperature drop in the last radiators. In the case of the horizontal circuit, we have cold radiators in horizontal chains, and in the case of the vertical circuit, in vertical chains. That is, in the latter case, this is the whole first floor.
The Leningradka heating scheme in a private house allows you to compensate for the cooling of the coolant when passing through the next radiator. How is it implemented? This circuit provides bypass jumpers located under the batteries. What do they give? Jumpers allow part of the coolant to be directed around the radiators, so the coolant at the outlet is as warm as at the inlet (minor deviations can be neglected).
Advantages and disadvantages of the Leningradka scheme
Leningradka contributes to a more uniform heating of the premises.
Each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages. What are the advantages of the Leningradka scheme?
- More even distribution of heat throughout the house.
- Relatively simple upgrade.
- Possibility to adjust the temperature in separate rooms (as in two-pipe systems).
Single-pipe heating is not perfect, so the Leningradka scheme allows you to compensate for some of its shortcomings. But she has negative features:
- limited line length if there are a lot of radiators in a horizontal chain, then there will still be losses;
- the need to use large diameter pipes for a more even distribution of heat.
The last drawback can be eliminated by installing a circulation pump in the system.
Features of the installation of "Leningradka"
Connection options for "Leningradka" in a single-pipe vertical scheme.
Creating heating systems for private houses with their own hands, many people actively use the Leningradka scheme. How is it laid out? To create a circuit, it is necessary to place radiators and lay a pipe under them, from which taps are made to the inputs and outputs of the radiators. That is, a jumper is formed under each radiator. In addition, we can install three taps on each radiator - the first two taps are installed at the inlets and outlets, and the third one is installed on the jumper itself. What does it give?
- Taps can be used to regulate the temperature in individual rooms.
- Ability to exclude any radiator without shutting down the entire system(for example, if one radiator is leaking and needs to be replaced).
Thus, the Leningradka scheme is the optimal scheme for small one-story and two-story houses - you can save on materials and achieve uniform heat distribution throughout the premises.
Two-pipe system with bottom wiring
Next, we will consider two-pipe systems, which are distinguished by the fact that they provide an even distribution of heat even in the largest households with many rooms. It is the two-pipe system that is used to heat multi-storey buildings, in which there are a lot of apartments and non-residential premises - here such a scheme works great. We will consider schemes for private houses.
A two-pipe heating system consists of a supply and return pipes. Radiators are installed between them - the radiator inlet is connected to the supply pipe, and the outlet to the return pipe. What does it give?
- Uniform distribution of heat throughout the premises.
- Possibility to regulate the temperature in the rooms by completely or partially blocking individual radiators.
- Possibility of heating multi-storey private houses.
There are two main types of two-pipe systems - with lower and upper wiring. To begin with, we will consider a two-pipe system with a bottom wiring.
Lower wiring is used in many private homes, as it allows you to make heating less visible. The supply and return pipes pass here next to each other, under the radiators or even in the floors. Air is removed through special Mayevsky taps. Heating schemes in a private house made of polypropylene most often provide for just such a wiring.
Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system with bottom wiring
When installing heating with a lower wiring, we can hide the pipes in the floor.
Let's see what positive features two-pipe systems with bottom wiring have.
- The possibility of masking pipes.
- The possibility of using radiators with a bottom connection - this somewhat simplifies installation.
- Heat losses are minimized.
The ability to at least partially make heating less visible attracts many people. In the case of the bottom wiring we get two parallel pipes running flush with the floor. If desired, they can be brought under the floors, providing for this possibility even at the stage of designing the heating system and developing a project for the construction of a private house.
As for the disadvantages, they are the need for regular manual removal of air and the need to use a circulation pump.
Features of mounting a two-pipe system with bottom wiring
Plastic fasteners for heating pipes of different diameters.
In order to mount the heating system according to this scheme, it is necessary to lay the supply and return pipes around the house. For these purposes, there are special plastic fasteners on sale. If radiators with side connection are used, we make a tap from the supply pipe to the upper side hole, and take the coolant through the lower side hole, directing it to the return pipe. We put air vents next to each radiator. The boiler in this scheme is installed at the lowest point.
Such a scheme is most often made closed, using a sealed expansion tank.. The pressure in the system is created using a circulation pump. If you need to heat a two-story a private house, we lay pipes on the upper and lower floors, after which we create a parallel connection of both floors to the heating boiler.
In a two-pipe heating system with top wiring, the expansion tank is placed at the highest point.
This two-pipe scheme is very similar to the previous one, only it provides for the installation of an expansion tank in the very top of the system, for example, in an insulated attic or under the ceiling. From there, the coolant descends to the radiators, gives them part of its heat, and then goes through the return pipe to the heating boiler.
Why is such a scheme needed? It is optimal in multi-storey buildings with a large number of radiators. This achieves more uniform heating, eliminating the need to install a large number air vents - the air will be removed through the expansion tank or through a separate vent, which is part of the safety group.
Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system with top wiring
There are a lot of positive features:
- it is possible to heat multi-storey buildings;
- savings on air vents;
- it is possible to create a system with natural circulation of the coolant.
There are also some disadvantages:
The use of vertical wiring will lead to additional difficulties in the hidden installation of heating.
- pipes are visible everywhere - such a scheme is not suitable for interiors with expensive finishes, where elements of heating systems are usually hidden;
- in tall buildings it is necessary to resort to forced circulation of the coolant.
Despite the disadvantages, the scheme remains quite popular and widespread.
Features of the installation of two-pipe systems with top wiring
This scheme provides for the absence of the need for the location of the heating boiler at the lowest point. Immediately after the boiler, the supply pipe is diverted upwards, and an expansion tank is installed at the highest point. The coolant is supplied to the radiators from above, so a lateral or diagonal radiator connection scheme is used here. After that, the cooled coolant is sent to the return pipe.
Radiant heating system using a collector.
This is one of the most modern schemes, implying the laying of an individual line to each heating device. To do this, collectors are installed in the system - one collector is the supply, and the other is the return. Separate straight pipes diverge from the collectors to the batteries. This scheme allows for flexible adjustment of the parameters of the heating system. It also makes it possible to connect underfloor heating to the system.
The beam wiring scheme is actively used in modern homes. The supply and return pipes here can be laid as you like - most often they go in the floors, after which they go to one or another heating device. To regulate the temperature and turn on / off the heating devices, small distribution cabinets are installed in the house.
According to heating engineers, such a scheme is ideal, since each heater operates from its own line and is almost independent of other heaters.
Advantages and disadvantages of beam systems
There are many positive qualities:
- the ability to completely hide all pipes in walls and floors;
- convenient system setup;
- the possibility of creating remote separate adjustment;
- the minimum number of connections - they are grouped in distribution cabinets;
- it is convenient to repair individual elements without interrupting the operation of the entire system;
- almost perfect heat distribution.
When installing a radiant heating system, all pipes are hidden in the floor, and the collectors are in a special cabinet.
There are also a couple of drawbacks:
- the high cost of the system - this includes the cost of equipment and the cost of installation work;
- difficulty in implementing the scheme in an already built house - usually this scheme is laid down at the stage of creating a homeownership project.
If you still have to put up with the first drawback, then you can’t get away from the second.
Features of installation of radiant heating systems
At the stage of project creation, niches for laying heating pipes are provided, points for mounting distribution cabinets are indicated. At a certain stage of construction, pipes are laid, cabinets with collectors are installed, heaters and boilers are installed, a test run of the system is carried out and its tightness is checked. It is best to entrust all this work to professionals, since this scheme is the most complex.
Despite all the complexity, the radiant heating system with collectors is one of the most convenient and efficient. It is used not only in private houses, but also in other buildings, for example, in offices.
With forced and natural circulation
All the schemes presented above can be created on the basis of heating boilers of any type. For example, schema furnace heating a private house is built on the basis of a wood or coal stove, and piping can be carried out according to almost any of the above schemes. True, in many of them it would not hurt to add forced circulation. What is it for?
The main difference between a system with forced circulation of a coolant and a system with a natural one is the circulation pump.
As we remember, single-pipe heating systems are characterized by a decrease in the temperature of the coolant as they move away from the boiler - part of the heat remains in the radiators. These losses are partially compensated by the Leningradka scheme, but in some cases this is not enough. In order to remedy the situation, a circulation pump is installed in the heating system, which provides forced circulation of the coolant.
Forced circulation is also necessary in many other schemes, including two-pipe ones. The thing is that the small diameter of modern polypropylene pipes, numerous connections and turns create hydraulic resistance. In addition, the use of forced ventilation allows for faster heating of households.
Advantages and disadvantages of forced and natural circulation
Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages:
When heating a room with a large number of radiators, a circulation pump is simply necessary.
- natural circulation is easier and cheaper– there are no costs for circulation pumps;
- forced circulation improves the operation of heating in large buildings - in some cases, natural circulation can be dispensed with, but then the system warm-up time increases;
Combined home heating is the most economical
Now the combined heating system, which includes several sources of heat energy, is in rather great demand. It's not a luxury, but a necessity. You can combine several types of boilers or alternative types of heating.
Mixed heating principles
Combined heating should be based on three principles.
- Energy production can come from all sources that are known today.
- Energy is created, stored and accumulated, allowing it to be used rationally.
- Such a system can be created both at the construction stage and for an already built house.
Possible system components
The combined heating scheme of a private house may consist of the following elements.
- . It can act as both the main heat source and the auxiliary one. Models may differ in their power and efficiency level. This equipment is capable of extracting energy from air, water or earth. The latter option is considered more efficient for our latitude. Refrigerant is required to extract heat from the ground. It is a gas with a low boiling point. They fill the pipes that go deep into the earth. The service life of such a pump is on average 25-30 years.
- . Solar installations can be designed for water heating only or for combined use. The latter option not only provides the house with warm water for technical needs, but also participates in the heating process. The collector for the combined heating system can work for more than 30 years. The main advantages are minimal maintenance, environmental friendliness and operational efficiency.
- Fireplaces and stoves with a water circuit. Such elements of combined heating at home are more efficient and economical than conventional fireplaces. When connected to the heating system, they rationally distribute heat energy for heating. Heated water from the combustion of wood accumulates in a special accumulator for subsequent distribution through the system. When installing an additional element - an air vent, warm air will flow directly into the room. To achieve the most effective result, it is recommended to carry out work on the thermal insulation of a private house.
Multi-fuel boiler
Universal boiler operating on various types of fuel
The scheme of the combined heating system may include a boiler that runs on several types of fuel. This versatile device may vary in its power. For its optimal choice, it is necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe house and the degree of need for heating. Among the popular and most efficient fuel combinations, there are 5 types of combinations.
Gas and diesel fuel
The most common variant of combined heating systems for a private house. This is due to the easy transition from one type of fuel to another, just change the type of burner. This item comes as standard with the boiler. The common combustion chamber of the fuel allows you to quickly and easily make a replacement.
The operation of the device depends directly on the quality of the heat exchanger, which can be made of cast iron or steel. In the presence of a gas pipeline, this method is the most acceptable. It combines efficiency and financial affordability.
Gas and solid fuel
Such a mixed heating system of a private house can be organized independently. This requires a boiler that runs on natural gas and solid fuels (wood, pellets, coal).
This system will have an automated process and security controls, but this does not exclude the presence of attention from the user.
Solid fuel and electricity
Combined heating of a private house can combine the use of solid fuel and electricity. These boilers operate from 220 V or from 380 V. Very often, this heating method is used by owners of summer cottages who live in the house for a long time. all year round. During your stay in the house, you can use solid fuel, and during your absence - electricity.
The only drawback is the rather high cost of electricity, but in the absence of other options, this is a completely acceptable solution.
Natural gas, diesel and solid fuels, electricity
The mixed heating system includes the use of four common types of fuel: gas, diesel, electricity and solid fuel. As the latter type, you can use not only firewood, but also coal, coke, wood waste.
This is the best option for private houses that are far from the conditions of civilization or there are interruptions in the operation of the gas main and the power grid.
Electrode and pyrolysis boiler
Electrode heating boilers
This is the optimal scheme for combined heating of a two-story house. The system allows you to maintain optimal temperature performance even in the absence of the owners of the house. Also suitable for occasional stays.
To organize heating, you will need to purchase two separate units, since they cannot be combined with each other.
Now, not every locality has a gas main or an electrical network, so some measures must be taken to heat the house. You can use alternative energy sources (solar panels,) or arrange mixed heating for a private house.
Modern equipment is regularly improved, combined boilers are now quite affordable. They can run on multiple fuels, including natural gas, coal, wood, diesel, electricity, and more. Each of these types has its drawbacks, and in combination there is a complement to each other.
Combined heating is suitable for those who seek to create the most efficient heating system for their home.
1.
2.
3.
In some cases, it becomes necessary to make a combined heating of a private house, which involves the use of two or more sources of heat generation. The reason for combining independent heating units with different designs may be low efficiency district heating, the need to increase thermal comfort in the house, etc. There are many options for arranging combined heating systems. It could be:
- air heat pump plus electric, gas or solid fuel heating boiler;
- heating radiators plus infrared heaters or one of the boilers;
- solar panels plus IR Zebra ceiling system and underfloor heating system (read: "").
All modern models of heating units are reliable, safe and economical in operation. Each type of heating device has both pros and cons.
Equip combined heating systems in private households or apartments, not only for emergency, but also for permanent heating of residential and utility premises. Of course, such provision with thermal resources will cost real estate owners at the initial stage very expensive. But it should be borne in mind that over time, all the costs of combined heating will certainly pay off.
Main sources of heat generation
If the main source of heat is a heat pump, then it can be combined with different kinds thermal devices. Another heat generator can be used as the basis for the heating structure. Different types of boilers, infrared systems, solar panels and other devices are added to it (read also: ""). Combined schemes are now popular - heating radiators plus "warm floors" (for more details: "How the heating system with underfloor heating and radiators works - options for combined heating").It is impossible not to recall air conditioners that save people who are in the premises on hot, stuffy days, bringing coolness. Cold air enters the building, and hot air goes out into the atmosphere, but you can change this order and send heat to the rooms.
Additional heating devices
A heat pump is taken as an example of the main heat source in this article. When a combined heating system is created, different types of heat generators can be installed with it.Heating boilers
Depending on the fuel used, they are:- gas;
- liquid fuel;
- electric;
- solid fuel;
- combined.
Each type of heating units has advantages and disadvantages.
gas boilers are popular heating devices. If there is a main gas pipeline in the immediate vicinity of the house, the owners of private houses prefer this species heating fuel.Advantages of gas units:
- affordable fuel cost for consumers;
- high efficiency (about 92%);
- ease of operation, since the main part of the gas models of boilers is automated. This means that residents can set the desired temperature regime with their own hands and no longer observe the work process and even control the unit from a distance;
- due to the presence of automatic control, gas appliances are very economical;
- boilers have a wide range of design solutions - single-circuit models are designed to heat the house, and double-circuit devices will provide not only heat supply, but also hot water supply;
- On sale, floor and wall-mounted units are offered to the attention of consumers, which allows them to be installed in the most convenient place.
Advantages:
- high efficiency;
- simple control - many models are equipped with automated control;
- by changing the burner, the boiler can be converted to use natural gas.
- high cost of liquid fuel compared to other types;
- the high cost of the boiler and burner;
- the unit makes noise during operation;
- the need to ensure the constant availability of liquid fuel in a special container located in a place adapted for this;
- boiler pollution as a result of burning diesel fuel (read: "");
- domestically produced fuel often has to be cleaned from impurities of resins, water, sand and other undesirable components;
- the presence of sulfur in diesel fuel leads to an acceleration of corrosive processes in the boiler, chimney and in general in all equipment.
The most popular two types of electric boilers:
- devices with direct heating (equipped with heating elements);
- electrode devices (an electric discharge is supplied to the liquid coolant, which heats it).
- no need for chimney arrangement;
- environmental friendliness and safety;
- silent operation;
- affordable cost;
- compactness;
- availability of automated control;
- Thanks to a wide choice of models, consumers can choose the device in accordance with the interior of the house.
- high consumption of electrical power;
- for powerful boilers, you need to obtain permission from the relevant authorities;
- monthly payment of a fairly decent amount if the unit is used as the main source of heat.
Combined systems heating, detailed video:
Solid fuel boilers operate on different types of fuel. The scheme of a combined heating system usually provides for their installation in those settlements, where there is no gas and there are constant power surges in the power grids.
Advantages of solid fuel units:
- affordable price;
- the ability to use different solid fuels - coal, firewood, pellets, wood waste, etc.;
- profitability;
- low cost of fuel;
- availability of models with built-in automated control, which greatly simplifies the operation process.
- harmful to health carbon monoxide entering the atmosphere;
- the need to clean the chimney and firebox from soot several times a month;
- regular replenishment of fuel reserves is required;
- the inability to regulate the temperature in a non-automated boiler.
Their main subgroups:
- gas-wood appliance;
- gas-diesel unit provides significant heating power and comfortable temperature in large areas;
- gas-diesel-wood device has increased functionality, but lower efficiency and low power;
- a gas-diesel-electric boiler will effectively heat a house of any size;
- heat generators running on gas, diesel, electricity, wood provide complete independence from external problems (read also: "").
When arranging a private house, sooner or later the question arises of choosing a heating system scheme. To date, there are plenty of them that an inexperienced person can get confused and choose not what he needs. Installers, on the other hand, often recommend what is beneficial for them to install. But since you have landed on this page, choosing a system in the house will be much easier. First, we will share the main varieties, and at the very end we will share our opinion and the choice of a home heating scheme.
Any type of heating system is closed. In a simple variant, any wiring diagram can be considered as a ring consisting of pipes. It circulates hot liquid from the heating boiler to the heating devices, being in them for some time. The coolant gives off during circulation thermal energy, and again goes inside the boiler for heating. The cycle repeats periodically.
Any heating scheme includes:
- heating boiler
- Connecting system pipes
- Radiators or similar heating appliances
- Armature
- Circulation pump
Basic types of heating schemes
All types of schemes can be divided into 4 subtypes: open and closed, pumping and gravity.
When they talk about the combined heating of a private house, they often mean different concepts. It is possible to combine within the same heating system various types of heating devices with their inherent wiring diagrams or heat generators using different types of fuel, or generally operating on the basis of different physical principles.
Combination of various systems and heating devices
It is difficult to call a combined system in which cast-iron batteries are installed on one branch, aluminum radiators on the other, and steel radiators on the third. According to the principle of heating, connection and structurally, these heaters are extremely similar and completely interchangeable. Convectors built into the floor are not so different from wall-mounted radiators. The wiring diagram for these devices is identical, moreover, radiators and convectors can be connected to one branch (circuit). There is a really big difference between traditional radiators and relatively new types of heating, completely built into building construction- warm floors and walls.
Combination of radiators and heated floors
Both radiators and water heated floors, along with advantages, have some disadvantages. The combination of these two types of heating allows you to find the most comfortable, convenient and aesthetic solution for each room or area of \u200b\u200bthe dwelling. For example, often the best option for a winter garden and a hallway is a warm floor, bedrooms - a panel radiator, and a living room and a pool - combined heating: the main heating is carried out by underfloor heating, radiators and convectors - additional.
The conditions and principles of operation of radiators and underfloor heating vary significantly. The former can be connected according to various schemes: one-two-pipe, radial, the system can be open, closed, gravitational or circulating. Heating floors, if there is more than one heating branch, it is possible to connect only according to the collector (beam) scheme.
A perfectly acceptable combination various schemes heating: the wiring of radiators is two-pipe, and the branches of the warm floor are radial. In any case, the latter is connected to the risers not directly, but through a mixing unit, where a three-way valve mixes to achieve desired temperature hot and chilled water from the supply and return lines
The combined heating system will carry the limitations inherent in underfloor heating: it can only be sealed (closed) and circulating. There is no difficulty in combining different schemes in one heating system: both circuits (radiators and floor) are connected to a common riser (boiler circuit).
The coolant does not enter the floor circuit directly, but through a mixing unit, where, if necessary, chilled water from the return line is mixed with it so that the floor temperature does not exceed a comfortable level of 40 ºС. After mixing, the coolant enters the collector combs, from where it is distributed over separate branches. The total pressure in the system is not enough to "push through" the warm floors, so they are supplied with a separate circulation pump.
But the optimal hydraulic balance, which means the best thermal regime, can be achieved if both floors and radiators are connected according to a beam pattern. At the same time, heating devices of different types must be hydraulically separated: each system has its own collector on the floor.
A little space and money can be saved if all appliances are connected via a universal manifold for a combined heating system. This is a two-in-one device that combines a collector for radiator heating (bottom left) and underfloor heating (top right)
Nevertheless, the use of different types of heating in one system, plus the need to heat water for hot water supply, leads to the fact that various circuits begin to affect each other's work. To reduce this effect and the best way balance the combined heating system, the connection of the boiler circuit to the circuits of radiators, underfloor heating and hot water is carried out through a hydraulic arrow
We heat-cool walls and floors
Heat engineers claim that more area heating of the heater and lower its temperature, the more comfortable and favorable conditions for health are created in the house. The practice of long-term operation of warm floors confirms this fact. It is not for nothing that in Germany 95% of newly built houses are equipped with a combined heating system with underfloor heating on the first floor and radiators on the second.
But today they are no longer limited to floor heating, the popularity of “warm walls” is growing. The principle of operation and design is quite similar to the underfloor heating system: tubes with a coolant circulating through them are built into the building structures of the walls. Thus, in the room, in addition to windows, there are no cold surfaces left, there are no strongly heated objects. Heat is distributed evenly and mostly through infrared radiation, which our body perceives in the most positive way. Warm water walls, like floors, are connected by separate branches according to a ray pattern.
Floor collectors must be equipped with circulation pumps and, if necessary, mixing units (maximum coolant temperature 60 ºС). Warm walls have proven themselves not only in countries with a cold, but also with a fairly warm climate. In the summer, in the heat, chilled water is circulated through the pipes, the system replaces the air conditioner.
Pipes wall heating mounted, it remains only to monolithic them, hiding them in a layer of plaster. A great solution in terms of comfort, but you need to remember two things: the outer walls must be well insulated, and carnations must be hammered in to hang the picture carefully.
Various types of heat generators in one system
Combined can be not only wiring using different types of heating devices, but also heat generation: for heating one house, boilers using different types of fuel and even heat sources can be used, the operation of which is based on different physical principles.
Use of multiple fuels
The use of multi-fuel boilers in one system may be due to several considerations:
- The desire to improve the reliability of the system. Often, practical owners, having connected the gas pipeline to a residential building and installed a gas boiler, leave the solid fuel one that has already worked. In the event that an accident occurs in a gas pipeline or with a new boiler, you can always bring firewood and “fire up” the old one. In any case, the more ways of heating a house has, the less its dependence on external cataclysms.
The possibility of direct integration of two different hot water boilers into one heating system must be decided on the basis of the characteristics of the particular equipment. For example, a gas boiler will perform better in closed system, and many solid fuels are designed for open. In this case, the heating of the heat carrier from the wood-burning heat generator circuit occurs indirectly, through an additional heat exchanger
- The desire to save money without sacrificing comfort. This applies to residential buildings located in non-gasified areas. As a rule, in the absence of natural gas, it is more profitable to heat a home with local fuel: firewood and wood waste, coal, fuel briquettes. However, the unevenness of heat generation during the combustion of solid fuels, the need for constant maintenance of solid fuel boilers makes such heating uncomfortable and troublesome. At the same time, very convenient and fully automated electric and liquid fuel heating significantly devastates the owner's budget - diesel fuel and electricity are now in price. In addition, the diesel fuel in the tank may run out, and the electricity in the village will be turned off for a day or two.
In this situation, the combined heating system of a private house can reduce the severity of problems, different heat generators partially compensate for each other's shortcomings. For example, electric heating (electric boiler, cable floors, electric convectors) can only be turned on from evening to morning, when a reduced rate is applied, almost half as much. Stoke with firewood when there is time and desire to throw them into the firebox and shovel out the ashes. And diesel fuel - when there is no way to mess with solid fuel, but there is money for diesel fuel. Recently, in those houses where there is no gas, the tandem “pellet boiler during the day + electric heating at night” has become increasingly popular, this is a fairly comfortable and not very expensive combination to operate.
Combined heating with pellets during the day and electricity at night (at a reduced rate) is a completely rational combination: a reasonable price and a minimum of hassle
In order to have combined heating, it is not at all necessary to install several heat generators in the boiler room. One is enough, but multi-fuel. For example, Finnish boilers of the Jaspi series from Tulpa are practically “omnivorous” - gas / diesel / oil / firewood / briquettes / electricity
Combination of water and air heating
Nobody bothers to have a hot water boiler and a stove in the house at the same time. Or a fireplace, which will serve as an additional, and in the event of a boiler breakdown, an emergency source of heating. It is possible to purchase a fireplace insert with a built-in water jacket and integrate it into a water heating system. But it costs money and is financially unjustified if the hearth is not heated infrequently. If the goal is to distribute air heating not only to the living room where the fireplace is installed, but also to other rooms, you can lay air ducts in the rooms and forcibly, with the help of a fan, supply heated air there. Take away warm air from special convectors of the double body of the firebox or from a thermally insulated lining hood.
To make the most of the heat from a wood-burning fireplace, air ducts can be run into the rooms. Air heating can supplement water
Different physical principles of heat generation
A combined heating system can also be built on different physical principles for obtaining thermal energy. We have already talked about heating boilers that use the energy of fuel combustion. They mentioned direct heating electric heaters, in which Electric Energy converted to heat. In practice, two more types of promising heat generating devices are used that use "free" energy from renewable sources: solar collectors and thermodynamic heat pumps. The first "catch" solar heat with collector panels. The physical principle of the latter is more like a refrigerator or air conditioner.
If very simplified, then a heat pump is a refrigerator in reverse.
Nevertheless, such different heat-generating devices coexist perfectly in one system, if the circuit is assembled correctly. Typically, solar panels are used for heating hot water, a heat pump as the main and very cheap to operate heating, and an electric or pellet boiler "on duty on safety net".
When combining a heat pump, a hot water boiler and a solar collector in one heating system, a heat store is indispensable
The design and installation of combined heating systems for a private house requires a special approach, the efficiency depends on the competent interconnection of systems.
Video: combined heating systems and their connection