When was the Hijri Prophet Muhammad born? Who is your Lord? Arabia and Mecca before the preaching of Muhammad
Milk mothers of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him
Suwaiba- freedwoman Abu Lahaba. She fed him milk for several days. Together with him she fed Abu Salamu Abdullah bin al-Asad al-Mahzumi along with her son Masruh. Also with them she fed the uncle of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Hamza bin Abdulmuttalib. There is controversy as to whether she converted to Islam, and Allah knows best.
Then he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, fed Halima from the tribe of Saad with milk, which she also fed her son Abdullah And Judamatu also called Shayma who are children al-Harith bin Abdalizz bin Rifaa al-Saadi. There is also controversy as to whether these dairy parents converted to Islam, and Allah knows best.
She also fed with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Abu Sufyan bin al-Harith bin Abdalmuttalib, who became an ardent enemy of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and then converted to Islam in the year of the conquest of Mecca and became a good Muslim.
The uncle of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Hamza was also fed with milk in the Banu Saad bin Bakr tribe, and he was fed with milk by the dairy mother of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Halimah. Thus, Hamza was the foster brother of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, from two sides: from the side of the breast mother Suwayba and the milk mother Halima.
Teachers of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him
His natural mother Amina bint Wahb bin Abdmanaf bin Zuhra bin Kilab.
He was also raised by Suwayba, Halima, her daughter Shaima, who is also his foster sister and she raised him with her mother. She came to him, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, along with a delegation of the Hawazin tribe, and he laid out his cloak for her and sat on him, observing family relations.
They also include the respected, venerable Umm Ayman Barakat al-Khabashiya, which he inherited from his father and she followed his religion. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married her to his favorite Zayed bin al-Harith and she bore him Osama.
After the death of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Abu Bakr And Umar visited her and found her crying. They asked her why she was crying, because what is with Allah is better for the Messenger. To which she replied that she was crying because of the cessation of revelations from heaven. This moved them greatly and they wept.
Children of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him
The first of these was al-Qasim, by whose name he received his kunya (nickname "Abu al-Qasim" (father of al-Qasim)). He died as a child, it is also said that he reached the age when he could ride a horse and he rode a camel.
Then was born Zainab. It is also said that she was older than al-Qasim. Then Ruqaiya, Umm Kulthum, Fatima. Each of them is said to be older than her sisters. Transmitted from ibn Abbas that Ruqaiya was older than her other sisters, and Umm Kulthum was the youngest.
Then born Abdullah. There is a question: was he born before the beginning of the prophecy or after? Some scholars have considered it certain that he was born after the beginning of the prophecy. There is also the question: does he own the names " at-Tayyib" And " at-Tahir”, or are these the names of other children of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him? There are two opinions on this issue, and the opinion is reliable that these names are nicknames of Abdullah, and Allah knows best.
All these children were Khadiji while from other wives the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had no children.
Then, in the eighth year of the Hijri, in Medina, his concubine Maria Kiptia gave birth to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, a son Ibrahima about which his freedman rejoiced him Abu Rafi for which he was given a slave. He died as a child before he was weaned from breastfeeding. There is disagreement whether a prayer was read over him? Some say they read it, others don't.
All the children of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, died before him, except for Fatima, who died six months after his death.
Allah exalted her for her patience and contentment above the rest of the women of the world. Fatima is the best of the daughters of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. It is also said that she is best woman of this world. It is also said that the best woman is her mother Khadija. It also says that this Aisha. It also states that there is no unanimous and reliable opinion on this issue.
Uncles and aunts of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, from his father's side
uncles: the lion of Allah and His Messenger, the master of martyrs - Hamza bin Abdalmuttalib, al-Abbas, Abu Talib who was called Abd Manaf, Abu Lahab, whose name was Abduluzza, al-Zubayr,Abdulkaaba, al-Muqawwim, Darar, Kusam, al-Mughira who had a nickname hajjal, al-Ghaidak who was called Mus'ab, also says Naufal. Some add here and al-awwam.
Apart from Hamza and al-Abbas, none of them converted to Islam.
Aunts: Safiya mother al-Zubairah bin al-Awwamah, Atika, Barra, Urva, Umaima, Umm Hakim al-Baydza.
Of these, Safiya converted to Islam and there is disagreement regarding the adoption of Islam by Atika and Urva. Some considered it reliable that Urva converted to Islam.
The eldest uncle was al-Harith, and the youngest was al-Abbas, from whom came offspring that filled the earth. It is said that during the reign of Ma'mun, the descendants of al-Abbas were counted and it turned out that they reached 600 thousand people, which is a clear exaggeration.
Also, a large offspring went from Abu Talib. Both al-Harith and Abu Lahab had offspring. Some believe that al-Harith and al-Muqawwim are one person, others believe that Hajdak and Hajjal are one person.
From book Ibn Qayyima al-Jawziyya
The Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia around 570 CE. e., in the Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe. Muhammad's father, Abdallah, died before the birth of the Son, and Muhammad's mother, Amina, died when He was only six years old, leaving the Son an orphan. Muhammad was brought up first by His grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, a man of exceptional piety, and then by His uncle, the merchant Abu Talib.
At that time, the Arabs were inveterate pagans, among whom, however, a few adherents of Monotheism stood out, such as, for example, Abd al-Muttalib. Most Arabs lived a nomadic life in their original territories. There were few cities. Chief among them are Mecca, Yathrib and Taif.
From his youth, the Prophet was distinguished by exceptional piety and piety, believing, like His grandfather, in the One God. First He looked after the flocks, and then He became involved in the trading affairs of His uncle Abu Talib. He became famous, people loved him and, as a sign of respect for piety, honesty, justice and prudence, they gave him the honorary nickname al-Amin (Trustworthy).
Later, He ran the business of a wealthy widow named Khadija, who, some time later, proposed marriage to Muhammad. Despite their age difference, they lived a happy married life with six children. And although in those days polygamy among the Arabs was common. The Prophet did not take other wives for Himself while Khadijah was alive.
The newfound position freed up much more time for prayer and reflection. As usual, Mohammed retired to the mountains surrounding Mecca, and retired there for a long time. Sometimes His seclusion lasted for several days. He especially fell in love with the cave of Mount Hira (Jabal Hyp - Mountains of Light), majestically towering over Mecca. On one of these visits, which took place in the year 610, something happened to Muhammad, who was then about forty years old, that completely changed his whole life.
In a sudden vision, the angel angel Jabrail (Gabriel) appeared before Him and, pointing to the words that appeared from outside, ordered Him to pronounce them. Muhammad objected, declaring that he was illiterate and therefore would not be able to read them, but the angel continued to insist, and the meaning of these words was suddenly revealed to the Prophet. He was ordered to learn them and pass them on to the rest of the people exactly. In this way, the first revelation of the sayings of the Book, now known as the Koran (from Arabic "reading"), was marked.
This eventful night fell on the 27th day of the month of Ramadan, and was called Laylat al-Qadr. From now on, the life of the Prophet no longer belonged to him, but was given to the care of the One who called him to the prophetic mission, and he spent the rest of his days in the service of God, proclaiming His messages everywhere.
When receiving revelations, the Prophet did not always see the angel Gabriel, and when he did, the angel did not always appear in the same guise. Sometimes an angel appeared before Him in human form, eclipsing the horizon, and sometimes the Prophet managed only to catch his gaze on Himself. At times He only heard a voice speaking to Him. Sometimes He received revelations while deeply immersed in prayer, but at other times they appeared completely "at random", when Muhammad, for example, was in the care of the affairs of daily life, or went for a walk, or simply listened enthusiastically to meaningful conversation.
At first, the Prophet avoided public sermons, preferring personal conversation with interested people and with those who noticed extraordinary changes in Him. He opened a special way muslim prayer, and He immediately set about daily pious exercises, which invariably caused a wave of reproaches from those who saw him. Having received the highest order to begin a public sermon, Muhammad was ridiculed and cursed by the people, who mocked his words and deeds to their heart's content. Meanwhile, many of the Quraysh were seriously alarmed, realizing that Muhammad's insistence on asserting faith in the One True God can not only undermine the prestige of polytheism, but also lead to a complete decline in idolatry, if people suddenly begin to convert to the faith of the Prophet. Some of Muhammad's relatives turned into His main opponents: while humiliating and ridiculing the Prophet himself, they did not forget to do evil against the converts as well. There are many examples of mockery and abuse of those who accepted the new faith. Two large groups of the first Muslims in search of asylum moved to Abyssinia, where the Christian negus (king), very impressed with their teachings and way of life, agreed to provide them with protection. The Quraysh decided to ban all trade, business, military, and personal ties with the Hashim clan. Representatives of this clan were strictly forbidden to appear in Mecca. Very difficult times have come, and many Muslims were doomed to the most severe poverty.
In 619, the wife of the Prophet Khadija died. She was His most devoted supporter and helper. In the same year, Muhammad's uncle, Abu Talib, who defended Him from the most violent attacks from his fellow tribesmen, also died. The prophet, stricken with grief, left Mecca and went to Taif, where he tried to find refuge, but was rejected there too.
The friends of the Prophet betrothed him a pious widow named Sauda, who turned out to be a very worthy woman, and besides, she was also a Muslim. Aisha, the young daughter of his friend Abu Bakr, knew and loved the Prophet all her life. And although she was too young for marriage, however, according to the customs of that time, she nevertheless entered the family of Muhammad as a relative. However, it is necessary to dispel the misconception that exists among people who do not understand the reasons for Muslim polygamy at all. In those days, a Muslim who takes several women as his wife did it out of compassion, graciously providing them with his protection and shelter. Muslim men were urged to help the wives of their friends who died in battle, to provide them with separate houses and treat them as if they were the closest relatives (of course, everything can be different in the case of mutual love).
In 619, Muhammad experienced the second most important night of his life - the Night of the Ascension (Laylat al-Mi'raj). It is known that the Prophet was awakened and carried on a magical animal to Jerusalem. Above the location of the ancient Jewish Temple on Mount Zion, the heavens opened up and opened the way that led Muhammad to the throne of the Lord, but neither he nor the angel Gabriel accompanying him were allowed to enter the beyond. That night, the rules of Muslim prayer were revealed to the Prophet. They became the focus of faith and the unshakable foundation of the life of Muslims. Muhammad also met and talked with other prophets, including Jesus (Isa), Moses (Musa), and Abraham (Ibrahim). This miraculous event greatly comforted and strengthened the Prophet, adding confidence that Allah did not leave Him and did not leave him alone with sorrows.
From now on, the fate of the Prophet changed in the most decisive way. He was still persecuted and ridiculed in Mecca, but the Prophet's message had already been heard by people far beyond that city. Some of the elders of Yathrib urged Him to leave Mecca and move to their city, where He would be honored as a leader and judge. Arabs and Jews lived together in this city, constantly at enmity with each other. They hoped that Muhammad would bring them peace. The Prophet promptly advised many of His Muslim followers to move to Yathrib while He remained in Mecca, so as not to arouse undue suspicion. After the death of Abu Talib, the emboldened Quraysh could easily attack Muhammad, even kill him, and he perfectly understood that this must happen sooner or later.
The departure of the Prophet was accompanied by some dramatic events. Muhammad himself narrowly escaped captivity thanks to his exceptional knowledge of the local deserts. Several times the Quraish almost captured Him, but the Prophet still managed to reach the outskirts of Yathrib. He was eagerly expected in the city, and when Muhammad arrived in Yathrib, people rushed to meet him with offers of shelter. Embarrassed by their hospitality, Muhammad left the choice to his camel. The camel stopped at a place where dates were dried, and it was instantly given to the Prophet to build a house. The city received a new name - Madinat an-Nabi (City of the Prophet), now known as Medina in abbreviation.
The Prophet immediately proceeded to prepare a decree, according to which He was proclaimed the supreme head of all the warring tribes and clans of Medina, who henceforth were forced to obey His orders. He established that all citizens were free to practice their religion in peaceful coexistence without fear of persecution or the highest disgrace. He asked them for only one thing - to rally and repulse any enemy who dared to attack the city. The former tribal laws of the Arabs and Jews were replaced by the basic principle of "justice for all", regardless of social status, color or creed.
Becoming the ruler of the city-state and mastering untold wealth and influence. The prophet, however, never lived like a king. His dwelling consisted of simple earthen houses built for His wives; He never even had a room of his own. Not far from the houses there was a courtyard with a well - a place that has now become a mosque, where devout Muslims gather.
Almost the entire life of the Prophet Muhammad was spent in constant prayer and instructing the believers. In addition to the five obligatory prayers, which He spent in the mosque, the Prophet devoted a lot of time to solitary prayer, and sometimes he devoted most of the night to pious reflections. His wives performed a night prayer with Him, after which they retired to their chambers, and He continued to pray for many hours, falling asleep briefly towards the end of the night, so that he would soon wake up to the pre-dawn prayer.
In March 628, the Prophet, who dreamed of returning to Mecca, decided to make His dream a reality. He set out with 1,400 followers, completely unarmed, in pilgrimage robes, consisting of two plain white veils. However, the followers of the Prophet were denied entry into the city, despite the fact that many of the citizens of Mecca practiced Islam. In order to avoid clashes, the pilgrims offered their sacrifices near Mecca, in a place called Hudaybiya.
In 629, the Prophet Muhammad began plans for the peaceful conquest of Mecca. The truce concluded in the town of Hudaybiya turned out to be short-lived, and in November 629 the Meccans attacked one of the tribes, which was in a friendly alliance with the Muslims. The Prophet marched on Mecca at the head of 10,000 men, the largest army ever to leave Medina. They settled near Mecca, after which the city surrendered without a fight. The Prophet Muhammad entered the city in triumph, immediately went to the Kaaba and performed a ritual circumambulation around it seven times. Then He entered the holy place and destroyed all the idols.
It was not until March March 632 that the Prophet Mohammed made His only full-fledged pilgrimage to the shrine of the Kaaba, known as the Hajjat al-Vida (Last Pilgrimage). During this pilgrimage, revelations were sent to Him about the rules of the Hajj, which all Muslims follow to this day. When the Prophet reached Mount Arafat to "stand before Allah", He proclaimed His last sermon. Even then, Muhammad was seriously ill. He continued to lead the prayers in the mosque to the best of his ability. There was no improvement in the disease, and He finally fell ill. He was 63 years old. It is known that His last words were: "I am destined to stay in Paradise among the most worthy." His followers had difficulty believing that the Prophet could have died like a common man, but Abu Bakr reminded them of the words of revelation spoken after the battle of Mount Uhud:
“Muhammad is only a messenger. There are no longer messengers who were once before him;
If he also dies or is killed, will you turn back?” (Quran 3:138).
Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) around 570 CE. e., in the Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe. Muhammad's father, Abdallah, died before the birth of the Son, and Muhammad's mother, Amina, died when He was only six years old, leaving the Son an orphan. Muhammad was brought up first by His grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, a man of exceptional piety, and then by His uncle, the merchant Abu Talib.
At that time, the Arabs were inveterate pagans, among whom, however, a few adherents of Monotheism stood out, such as, for example, Abd al-Muttalib. Most Arabs lived a nomadic life in their original territories. There were few cities. Chief among them are Mecca, Yathrib and Taif.
From his youth, the Prophet was distinguished by exceptional piety and piety, believing, like His grandfather, in the One God. First He looked after the flocks, and then He became involved in the trading affairs of His uncle Abu Talib. He became famous, people loved him and, as a sign of respect for piety, honesty, justice and prudence, they gave him the honorary nickname al-Amin (Trustworthy).
Later, He ran the business of a wealthy widow named Khadija, who, some time later, proposed marriage to Muhammad. Despite their age difference, they lived a happy married life with six children. And although in those days polygamy among the Arabs was common. The Prophet did not take other wives for Himself while Khadijah was alive.
The newfound position freed up much more time for prayer and reflection. As usual, Mohammed retired to the mountains surrounding Mecca, and retired there for a long time. Sometimes His seclusion lasted for several days. He especially fell in love with the cave of Mount Hira (Jabal Hyp - Mountains of Light), majestically towering over Mecca. On one of these visits, which took place in the year 610, something happened to Muhammad, who was then about forty years old, that completely changed his whole life.
In a sudden vision, the angel angel Jabrail (Gabriel) appeared before Him and, pointing to the words that appeared from outside, ordered Him to pronounce them. Muhammad objected, declaring that he was illiterate and therefore would not be able to read them, but the angel continued to insist, and the meaning of these words was suddenly revealed to the Prophet. He was ordered to learn them and pass them on to the rest of the people exactly. In this way, the first revelation of the sayings of the Book, now known as the Koran (from Arabic "reading"), was marked.
This eventful night fell on the 27th day of the month of Ramadan, and was called Laylat al-Qadr. From now on, the life of the Prophet no longer belonged to him, but was given to the care of the One who called him to the prophetic mission, and he spent the rest of his days in the service of God, proclaiming His messages everywhere.
When receiving revelations, the Prophet did not always see the angel Gabriel, and when he did, the angel did not always appear in the same guise. Sometimes an angel appeared before Him in human form, eclipsing the horizon, and sometimes the Prophet managed only to catch his gaze on Himself. At times He only heard a voice speaking to Him. Sometimes He received revelations while deeply immersed in prayer, but at other times they appeared completely "at random", when Muhammad, for example, was in the care of the affairs of daily life, or went for a walk, or simply listened enthusiastically to meaningful conversation.
At first, the Prophet avoided public sermons, preferring personal conversation with interested people and with those who noticed extraordinary changes in Him. He opened a special way of Muslim prayer, and He immediately began daily pious exercises, which invariably caused a wave of criticism from those who saw him. Having received the highest order to begin a public sermon, Muhammad was ridiculed and cursed by the people, who mocked his words and deeds to their heart's content. Meanwhile, many Quraish became seriously alarmed, realizing that Muhammad's insistence on asserting faith in the One True God could not only undermine the prestige of polytheism, but also lead to a complete decline in idolatry if people suddenly began to convert to the faith of the Prophet. Some of Muhammad's relatives turned into His main opponents: while humiliating and ridiculing the Prophet himself, they did not forget to do evil against the converts as well. There are many examples of mockery and abuse of those who accepted the new faith. Two large groups of the first Muslims in search of asylum moved to Abyssinia, where the Christian negus (king), very impressed with their teachings and way of life, agreed to provide them with protection. The Quraysh decided to ban all trade, business, military, and personal ties with the Hashim clan. Representatives of this clan were strictly forbidden to appear in Mecca. Very difficult times have come, and many Muslims were doomed to the most severe poverty.
In 619, the wife of the Prophet Khadija died. She was His most devoted supporter and helper. In the same year, Muhammad's uncle, Abu Talib, who defended Him from the most violent attacks from his fellow tribesmen, also died. The prophet, stricken with grief, left Mecca and went to Taif, where he tried to find refuge, but was rejected there too.
The friends of the Prophet betrothed him a pious widow named Sauda, who turned out to be a very worthy woman, and besides, she was also a Muslim. Aisha, the young daughter of his friend Abu Bakr, knew and loved the Prophet all her life. And although she was too young for marriage, however, according to the customs of that time, she nevertheless entered the family of Muhammad as a relative. However, it is necessary to dispel the misconception that exists among people who do not understand the reasons for Muslim polygamy at all. In those days, a Muslim who takes several women as his wife did it out of compassion, graciously providing them with his protection and shelter. Muslim men were urged to help the wives of their friends who died in battle, to provide them with separate houses and treat them as if they were the closest relatives (of course, everything can be different in the case of mutual love).
In 619, Muhammad experienced the second most important night of his life - the Night of the Ascension (Laylat al-Mi'raj). It is known that the Prophet was awakened and carried on a magical animal to Jerusalem. Above the location of the ancient Jewish Temple on Mount Zion, the heavens opened up and opened the way that led Muhammad to the throne of the Lord, but neither he nor the angel Gabriel accompanying him were allowed to enter the beyond. That night, the rules of Muslim prayer were revealed to the Prophet. They became the focus of faith and the unshakable foundation of the life of Muslims. Muhammad also met and talked with other prophets, including Jesus (Isa), Moses (Musa), and Abraham (Ibrahim). This miraculous event greatly comforted and strengthened the Prophet, adding confidence that Allah did not leave Him and did not leave him alone with sorrows.
From now on, the fate of the Prophet changed in the most decisive way. He was still persecuted and ridiculed in Mecca, but the Prophet's message had already been heard by people far beyond that city. Some of the elders of Yathrib urged Him to leave Mecca and move to their city, where He would be honored as a leader and judge. Arabs and Jews lived together in this city, constantly at enmity with each other. They hoped that Muhammad would bring them peace. The Prophet promptly advised many of His Muslim followers to move to Yathrib while He remained in Mecca, so as not to arouse undue suspicion. After the death of Abu Talib, the emboldened Quraysh could easily attack Muhammad, even kill him, and he perfectly understood that this must happen sooner or later.
The departure of the Prophet was accompanied by some dramatic events. Muhammad himself narrowly escaped captivity thanks to his exceptional knowledge of the local deserts. Several times the Quraish almost captured Him, but the Prophet still managed to reach the outskirts of Yathrib. He was eagerly expected in the city, and when Muhammad arrived in Yathrib, people rushed to meet him with offers of shelter. Embarrassed by their hospitality, Muhammad left the choice to his camel. The camel stopped at a place where dates were dried, and it was instantly given to the Prophet to build a house. The city received a new name - Madinat an-Nabi (City of the Prophet), now known as Medina in abbreviation.
The Prophet immediately proceeded to prepare a decree, according to which He was proclaimed the supreme head of all the warring tribes and clans of Medina, who henceforth were forced to obey His orders. He established that all citizens were free to practice their religion in peaceful coexistence without fear of persecution or the highest disgrace. He asked them for only one thing - to rally and repulse any enemy who dared to attack the city. The former tribal laws of the Arabs and Jews were replaced by the basic principle of "justice for all", regardless of social status, color or creed.
Becoming the ruler of the city-state and mastering untold wealth and influence. The prophet, however, never lived like a king. His dwelling consisted of simple earthen houses built for His wives; He never even had a room of his own. Not far from the houses there was a courtyard with a well - a place that has now become a mosque, where devout Muslims gather.
Almost the entire life of the Prophet Muhammad was spent in constant prayer and instructing the believers. In addition to the five obligatory prayers, which He spent in the mosque, the Prophet devoted a lot of time to solitary prayer, and sometimes he devoted most of the night to pious reflections. His wives performed a night prayer with Him, after which they retired to their chambers, and He continued to pray for many hours, falling asleep briefly towards the end of the night, so that he would soon wake up to the pre-dawn prayer.
In March 628, the Prophet, who dreamed of returning to Mecca, decided to make His dream a reality. He set out with 1,400 followers, completely unarmed, in pilgrimage robes, consisting of two plain white veils. However, the followers of the Prophet were denied entry into the city, despite the fact that many of the citizens of Mecca practiced Islam. In order to avoid clashes, the pilgrims offered their sacrifices near Mecca, in a place called Hudaybiya.
In 629, the Prophet Muhammad began plans for the peaceful conquest of Mecca. The truce concluded in the town of Hudaybiya turned out to be short-lived, and in November 629 the Meccans attacked one of the tribes, which was in a friendly alliance with the Muslims. The Prophet marched on Mecca at the head of 10,000 men, the largest army ever to leave Medina. They settled near Mecca, after which the city surrendered without a fight. The Prophet Muhammad entered the city in triumph, immediately went to the Kaaba and performed a ritual circumambulation around it seven times. Then He entered the holy place and destroyed all the idols.
It was not until March March 632 that the Prophet Mohammed made His only full-fledged pilgrimage to the shrine of the Kaaba, known as the Hajjat al-Vida (Last Pilgrimage). During this pilgrimage, revelations were sent to Him about the rules of the Hajj, which all Muslims follow to this day. When the Prophet reached Mount Arafat to "stand before Allah", He proclaimed His last sermon. Even then, Muhammad was seriously ill. He continued to lead the prayers in the mosque to the best of his ability. There was no improvement in the disease, and He finally fell ill. He was 63 years old. It is known that His last words were: "I am destined to stay in Paradise among the most worthy." His followers had difficulty believing that the Prophet could have died like a common man, but Abu Bakr reminded them of the words of revelation spoken after the battle of Mount Uhud:
“Muhammad is only a messenger. There are no longer messengers who were once before him;
If he also dies or is killed, will you turn back?” (Quran 3:138).
In the hadith of the noble Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) it is said: “Whoever loves me loves Allah. And whoever obeys me obeys Allah.” Therefore, we should know well the life story of our beloved Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ancestors of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
The ancestors of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from his father's side were: Abdullah, then Abdulmuttalib, Hashim, Abdumanaf, Kusayu, Kilab, Murrat, Kaaba, Luayu, Ghalib, Fihr, Malik, Nazar, Keenanat, Khuzaymat, Mudrikat, Ilyas, Muzar, Nizar, Muaaddi, Adnan.
The mother of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was Aminat - the daughter of Wahb, the son of Abdumanaf, the son of Zuhrat, the son of Kilab. On Kilab, the genealogy of the father and mother of our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) converges.
Brothers of the Father of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
The father of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) Abdullah had 11 brothers: Haris, Kusam, Zubair, Khamzat, Abbas, Abu Talib, Abu Lahab, Abdul Kaaba, hajl, Zirar, Gaidak. Two of them converted to Islam Khamzat And Abbas.
Sisters of the Father of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
The father of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had six sisters: Bayza, Barrat, Atikat, Safiyat, Arva, Umaimat. Of these, Islam was accepted by Safiyat and Atikat. There are scholars who claim that Arwa also converted to Islam.
Children of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had seven children - four daughters and three sons. Let's list them by seniority:
Qasim, Zainab, Rukia, Fatima, Ummu Kulthum, Abdullah, Ibrahim.
The first six children of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) were born by Khadija, the mother of Ibrahim was Mariyat. All of his children except Fatima predeceased him.
Dairy brothers and sisters of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Dairy brothers of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Masruh, Hamza bin Abdulmuttalib, Abu Salama bin Abdulasad al-Mahzumi (the last two were fed by Suwayba four years before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)), Abdullah bin al-Harith, whose mother was Halim al-Saadiya.
Dairy sisters: Khuzafa, Anisat bint al-Harith. Both of them were also daughters of Halima. (“Uyunul-asar”, vol. 1, p. 90; “Ar-Ravzul-unf”, vol. 1, p. 186).
Names of the nurses of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was breastfed by his mother Aminat and nurses: Suwaybat, Havlat (daughter of Munzir), Umm Ayman, Halimat (from the tribe of Saad), three women named Atikat.
Wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Khadija, Savdat, Aisha, Hafsat, Ummu Salma, Ummu Habiba, Safiya, Zainab bint Jahsh, Maymuna, Raykhanat, Havlat, Zainab bint Khuzayma, Mariyat.
The names of the companions who, during their lifetime, were congratulated on the upcoming paradise
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talhat, Zubair, Saadu, Said, Abu Ubaidah, Abdurrahman bin Awf. In addition to them, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) delighted with the news of the upcoming paradise: Khadija - the mother of the faithful, his daughter Fatima, Hasan, Hussein, Ibnu Masud, Ukamat and others.
May the Almighty endow us all with sincere love for the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and help us follow him in everything and please us with a meeting with him in paradise. Amine!
Islam is one of the most widespread religious movements in the world. Today, in total, he has over a billion followers worldwide. The founder and great prophet of this religion is a native of the Arab tribes named Mohammed. His life - wars and revelations - will be discussed in this article.
Birth and childhood of the founder of Islam
The birth of the Prophet Muhammad is a very important event for Muslims. It was in 570 (or so) in the city of Mecca, which is located on the territory of modern Saudi Arabia. The future preacher came from an influential tribe of Quraysh - the keepers of Arab religious relics, the main of which was the Kaaba, which will be discussed below.
Mohammed lost his parents very early. He did not know his father at all, since he died before the birth of his son, and his mother died when the future prophet was barely six years old. Therefore, the boy was raised by his grandfather and uncle. Under the influence of his grandfather, young Muhammad was deeply imbued with the idea of monotheism, although most of his fellow tribesmen professed paganism, worshiping many deities of the ancient Arab pantheon. This is how the religious history of the Prophet Muhammad began.
The youth of the future prophet and the first marriage
When the young man grew up, his uncle introduced him to his trading business. It must be said that Muhammad succeeded quite well in them, gaining respect and trust among his people. Things went so well under his leadership that in time he even became the manager of the commercial affairs of a wealthy woman named Khadija. The latter fell in love with the young enterprising Mohammed, the business relationship gradually grew into a personal one. Nothing interfered with them, since Khadija was a widow, in the end Muhammad married her. This union was happy, the spouses lived in love and harmony. From this marriage the prophet had six children.
The Religious Life of a Prophet as a Young Man
Muhammad has always been a pious man. He thought a lot about divine things and often retired to pray. He also had a custom to retire annually to the mountains for a long time, in order to hide in a cave and spend time there in fasting and prayers. The further history of the Prophet Muhammad is closely connected with one of these solitudes, which occurred in 610. He was then about forty years old. Despite his already mature age, Muhammad was open to new experiences. And this year was a turning point for him. One can even say that then the second birth of the Prophet Muhammad took place, the birth precisely as a prophet, as a religious leader and preacher.
Revelation of Gabriel (Jabreel)
In short, Muhammad experienced a meeting with Gabriel (Jabreel in Arabic transcription) - an archangel known from Jewish and Christian books. The latter, Muslims believe, was sent by God to reveal to the new prophet a few words which the latter was ordered to learn. They, according to Islamic beliefs, became the first lines of the Koran - the holy scripture for Muslims.
In the future, Gabriel, appearing in various guises or simply manifesting himself in his voice, conveyed to Muhammad instructions and commands from above, that is, from God, who in Arabic is called Allah. The latter revealed himself to Muhammad as the Lord, who had previously spoken in the prophets of Israel and in Jesus Christ. Thus arose the third - Islam. The Prophet Mohammed became its actual founder and fiery preacher.
The life of Muhammad after the beginning of the sermon
The subsequent history of the Prophet Muhammad is marked by tragedy. Because of his persistent preaching, he made many enemies. He and his converts were boycotted by their compatriots. Many Muslims were subsequently forced to seek refuge in Abyssinia, where they were graciously sheltered by the Christian king.
In 619, Khadija, the faithful wife of the prophet, died. Following her, the uncle of the prophet died, who defended his nephew from indignant fellow tribesmen. To avoid reprisals and persecution by enemies, Muhammad had to leave his native Mecca. He tried to find shelter in the nearby Arab city of Taif, but he was not accepted there either. Therefore, at his own peril and risk, he was forced to return.
When the Prophet Muhammad died, he was sixty-three years old. It is believed that his last words were the phrase: "I am destined to stay in paradise among the most worthy."
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