The document “Adjustment of the cost of write-off of goods. Adjustment of the cost of the item at the end of the month Adjustment of the write-off cost in 1s 8.3
With the end of the month, the reporting period also comes to an end, that is, the accountant will have to sum up the interim results, evaluate the results of the work and analyze them. And for this, it is necessary to close the month, i.e., adjust the indicators on balance accounts, achieving the necessary reliability of accounting. One of the important operations at the end of the month is the adjustment of the cost of the item. Let us consider the main aspects of this operation, illustrating them with examples.
Adjustment of write-off cost at the end of the month
Adjustment (leveling) of the cost of the item is a routine process carried out to determine the reliable amount of the balance on material accounts. It makes it possible to equalize the cost of inventories sold during the month at the moving average price (that is, determined at the time of vacation) to the weighted average, i.e. calculated at the end of the period, when all cost indicators are known.
The need for this operation arises due to the impressive spread of purchase prices for homogeneous groups of goods. According to paragraph 16 of PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories”, the write-off of the cost of goods and materials in the accounting of an enterprise can be carried out at cost:
- units;
- middle;
- the first by the time of acquisition of the inventory (FIFO method).
The first method of writing off the cost, acceptable only in small firms with a minimum assortment of materials, is not subject to price equalization.
Estimation of goods and materials at the average cost is carried out by groups of stocks by dividing the total cost by the number of units consisting of the cost and the number of positions at the beginning of the month and received inventory for the month (]]> paragraph 18 PBU 5/01 ]]>). Those. the cost of product groups should be calculated for the whole month according to the formula:
CVD \u003d (C nm + C pm) / (K nm + K pm),
where C nm and K nm are the cost and quantity of goods and materials at the beginning of the month, and C pm and K pm are the cost and quantity of goods and materials received during the month.
As a rule, the sale of goods and materials is carried out within a month and the cost of inventories is written off at the moving average price, since the company has no way to determine the weighted average (it cannot be calculated without knowing the quantity and price in subsequent receipts of goods and materials).
Let's figure out how the cost of the item is adjusted at the end of the month in situations , when the cost of goods and materials is written off at the moving average price and using the FIFO method.
Example 1: Adjusting the cost of write-offs at the average price
The balance of one item of goods and materials as of 05/01/18 is 20 kg at 200 rubles. in the amount of 4000 rubles. Bought in May:
05/04/18 - 100 kg for 220 rubles. in the amount of 22,000 rubles;
05/08/18 - 30 kg for 200 rubles. for 6000 rubles;
05/15/18 - 50 kg for 250 rubles. for 12500 rubles.
The cost of sold goods and materials was written off at prices calculated on the date of sale:
Average cost at the date of sale |
Written off the register |
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(4000 + 22,000) / (20 + 100) = 216.67 rubles. |
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(4000 + 22 000 + 6000) / (20 + 100 +30) = 213,33 |
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(4000 + 22 000 + 6000 + 12 500) / (20 + 100 + 30 + 50) = 222,50 |
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The cost price is 222.50 rubles. is a weighted average, it equalizes the cost of previous sales, i.e., the write-off of 150 kg of goods should be adjusted for the price of 222.50 rubles. The cost of sales will be 33,375 rubles. (150 x 222.50), which is more than the amount reflected in the accounting of 31491.60 rubles. for 883.40 rubles. This figure is an adjustment to the write-off cost of goods and materials.
Wiring:
Operation |
Sum |
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05/04/18 - receipt of goods and materials |
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05/07/18 - write-off of the cost price (CC) for the sale |
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05/08/18 - receipt of goods and materials |
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05/10/18 - write-off of SS |
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05/15/18 - receipt of goods and materials |
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05/16/18 - write-off of SS |
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05/31/18 - adjustment |
In the above example, the cost price is leveled upwards; in practice, the average moving price exceeds the weighted average. In such cases, it is relevant to adjust the implementation downward. The postings here will be the same, but the clearing amount will be negative.
Example 2
The company purchased goods (there is no balance at the beginning of the month):
05/04/2018 - 20 units for 1500 rubles.
05/07/2018 - 30 units. 1000 rubles each
Implemented 05/05/2018 10 units. for 1500 rubles. The accountant will record:
Example 3: adjusting the cost of an item at the end of the month using the FIFO method
The write-off of the cost of goods and materials occurs in accordance with the chronology of their receipt. The company purchased goods and materials:
05/03/18 - 10 kg for 1000 rubles;
05/07/18 - 10 kg for 1400 rubles.
Implemented:
05/08/18 - 10 kg for 1000 rubles.
At the end of the month, the accountant will calculate the average price:
(10,000 + 14,000) / (10+10) = 1200 rubles. and correct the inventory write-off. Wiring:
Operation |
Sum |
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Receipt of goods and materials: |
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05/08/18 - write-off of SS |
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SS adjustment ((1200 - 1000) x 10) |
We talked about the essence of the adjustment operation. In accounting programs, with appropriate settings, cost equalization occurs automatically.
In the Directory of business transactions. 1C:Accounting added a practical article "Adjusting the cost of materials at the end of the month (average cost)", which considers an example where an organization writes off materials for production at an average moving cost. At the end of the month, the cost of written-off materials is adjusted to the weighted average.
Clause 16 PBU 5/01 "Accounting for inventories" (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 09.06.2001 No. 44n) (hereinafter - PBU 5/01) determines that when release of materials(and other inventories) into production, an enterprise for accounting purposes can write off their value in one of the following ways:
- at the cost of each unit;
- at an average cost;
- at the cost of the first acquisition of inventories (FIFO method).
Material evaluation at average cost occurs for each group (type) of stocks by dividing the total cost of the group (type) of stocks by their number, consisting, respectively, of the cost and the amount of the balance at the beginning of the month and the stocks received during this month (clause 18 PBU 5/01). In this case, the methods of average estimates of the actual cost of materials can be applied in the following ways:
- based on the average monthly actual cost ( weighted estimate), the calculation of which includes the quantity and cost of materials at the beginning of the month and all receipts for the month (reporting period);
- by determining the actual cost of the material at the time of its issue ( rolling estimate), while the calculation of the average estimate includes the quantity and cost of materials at the beginning of the month and all receipts until the moment of issue.
If in the program's accounting policy settings "1C: Accounting 8" Inventory valuation method "At average cost" is set, then the materials are written off to production at the average moving cost price. At the end of the month, the cost of written-off materials is adjusted to the weighted average.
In addition, in connection with the release of new releases, practical articles have been updated in the guide according to ed.
Routine operations for closing the month in the program "1C: Integrated Automation 8"
3.0 and ed. 2.0 "Accounting for fines (penalties) received under the contract (supplier's position)", "Registration of the incoming invoice (from the supplier)" and "Partial return of goods from the buyer".
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Closing operations of the reporting period
Adjustment of the average cost of write-off of materials
This procedure is necessary if the accounting policy of the organization provides for the write-off of materials based on the average monthly actual cost (weighted estimate), which includes the quantity and cost of materials at the beginning of the month and all receipts for the month (reporting period). During the month, in expenditure documents, when writing off the cost of materials, a sliding estimate is used. At the same time, the average cost of material assets is determined at the time of their release (that is, at the time of posting the expense document). If during the month there were purchases of materials at prices different from the average cost of the balances for the corresponding positions, then the rolling estimate when writing off gives slightly different results than the weighted one.
Comment:
Terms "weighted estimate" and "rolling estimate" introduced into practice by the "Methodological guidelines for accounting of inventories", approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2001 No. 119n.
Example.
Let on May 1, 2003
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in the warehouse of LLC "Our Organization" there were 100 kg. nails in the amount of 2400 rubles.
On May 4, 2003, 10 kg of nails were dispensed. Their cost was 240 rubles. (2400:100*10). The balance in the warehouse after this operation is 90 kg in the amount of 2160 rubles.
On May 13, 2003, 20 kg of nails were credited to the warehouse at a price of 30 rubles. for 1 kg, in the amount of 600 rubles.
05/20/2003, 10 kg of nails were released, their cost at a sliding estimate will be (2160 + 600): (90 + 20) * 10 = 250.91 rubles.
Thus, a total of 20 kg of nails were written off in the amount of 490.91 rubles. (240+250.91)
With a weighted estimate, the cost of decommissioned nails will be (2400 + 600). (100 + 20) * 20 = 500 rubles.
There is a difference between the two evaluation methods (500-240-250.91=9.09 rubles). If the release of the first 10 kg of nails occurred after the receipt of the purchased batch at the warehouse, then the difference would be zero.
The procedure makes additional entries in accounting in such a way that the write-off is ultimately (for the month as a whole) made using the weighted average cost method.
The specific algorithm is as follows:
- the average monthly cost is calculated for each material for each sub-account of account 10 (except for sub-account 10.7 "Materials transferred for processing");
- for each of the accounts (and the objects of analytical accounting for them, i.e. subconto), to which the material in question was written off, the amount of the adjustment is calculated. It is equal to the difference between what should have been written off under the average monthly cost method (the product of the average monthly price of the material and its quantity written off in this correspondence of accounts) and the amount actually written off;
- an entry is made for the amount of the adjustment.
Adjustment of the average cost of write-off of goods
The algorithm and purpose of this procedure in relation to account 41 "Goods" are similar to the algorithm and purpose of the procedure "Adjustment of the average cost of write-off of materials".
If an organization records goods in warehouses (account 41.1) at purchase cost, and in retail trade (account 41.2) at sales prices, then the procedure for adjusting the average cost of writing off goods can, in principle, be applied only in relation to writing off goods from the warehouse.
However, in addition to adjusting the data on writing off goods from the credit of account 41 "Goods", when performing this procedure, the average cost of writing off goods shipped (account 45) is also adjusted.
A feature of the algorithm for adjusting the average cost of goods shipped is that the calculation of the weighted average cost of a unit of goods in this case is carried out separately for each counterparty and contract.
2017-04-25T12:44:19+00:00What kind of animal is this? Nomenclature adjustment"? I am often asked this question by novice accountants, because they do not understand where this adjustment comes from, how it is calculated and whether it is needed.
Let's deal with this once and for all using the example of 1C: Accounting 8.3, edition 3.0.
First, the correction occurs "by itself" when close of the month.
Secondly, it occurs most often for organizations that are writing off inventories. at an average cost().
And that's why.
If we carefully read paragraph 18 of PBU 5/01 on the approval of the accounting regulation, we will see the following there:
Evaluation of inventories at the average cost is made for each group of inventories by dividing the total cost of the group of inventories by their number, which are formed, respectively, from the cost and quantity of the balance at the beginning of the month and the inventory received during this month.
The same as a formula:
Average cost stock groups = ( Starting cost months + Received cost within a month) / ( Quantity at the beginning months + Quantity received within a month)So average cost should be calculated overall for the month .
Let's look at an example:
- 01.01.2014 Bought 4 bricks for 250 rubles.
- 05.01.2014 Sold 3 bricks for 500 rubles.
- 10.01.2014 Bought 2 bricks for 200 rubles.
Calculate average cost bricks for January:
- Starting cost months = 0 rubles.
- Received cost within a month = 4 * 250 + 2 * 200 = 1400 rubles.
- Quantity at the beginning months = 0 pieces.
- Quantity received within a month = 4 + 2 = 6 pieces.
Total, according to the formula:
Average cost for January= 1400 / 6 = 233.333 rubles.
But on 01/05/2014, when we sell 3 bricks, we still do not know about subsequent receipts within a month, therefore we write off the cost price without taking into account subsequent receipts:
Average cost as of 05.01\u003d 4 * 250 / 4 \u003d 250 rubles.
Thus, on 05.01 we will write off our brick according to 250 rubles apiece, but at the end of the month it turns out that it was necessary to write off 233.333 rubles (on January 10, a cheaper brick arrived).
So there was a difference of (250 - 233.333) = 16.666 rubles per item, which needs to be corrected at the end of the month.
The amount of adjustment for 3 sold bricks will be 3 * 16.666 = 50 rubles.
Let's check this example in the program 1C: Accounting 8.3 (version 3.0).
Received at 250 rubles apiece.We make a write-off from 01/05/2014
They also wrote off 250 rubles apiece.We make a receipt from 01/10/2014
Already credited for 200 rubles apiece.Finally, we make the closing of the month for January
Left-click on the "Adjust item cost" item and select the "Show transactions" command:
Here it is our adjustment for 50 rubles.
We are great, that's all
By the way, new lessons...
Is FIFO adjustment possible?
Yes, it is possible. And now I will show by example when it can occur.
So, we are on FIFO (first in first out), which means that the goods are written off in the order they are received at the warehouse.
Let's look at an example:
- 01.01.2014 Bought 1 brick for 100 rubles.
- 03.01.2014 Bought 1 brick for 150 rubles.
- 06.01.2014 Sold 1 brick. At the same time, the cost price of 100 rubles was written off (after all, we are on FIFO).
- 10.01.2014 Additional expenses were received in the form of 20 rubles for the receipt of bricks from 01/01/2014. We issued them in 1C with the document "Receipt of additional expenses".
- 31.01.2014 We closed the month and it corrected the write-off on 01/06/2014 by 20 rubles, since in fact the cost of the brick received on 01/01/2014 turned out to be not 100 rubles, as we thought at the time of writing off, but 120 rubles (+20 rubles of additional expenses, which we entered 10 as the number).
Sincerely, Vladimir Milkin(teacher
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