Regulations on the electric energy metering group. Rules "Rules for Accounting for Electricity" . Electric meter connection diagram
1. Introduction
These "Rules for accounting for electrical energy" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) have been developed in pursuance of the Government Decree Russian Federation dated November 2, 1995, No. 1087 "On Urgent Measures for Energy Saving" by specialists from the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia, the Ministry of Construction of Russia and RAO "UES of Russia" with the participation of the State Standard of Russia.
The Rules take into account the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 541 - 544), federal laws"On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements", "On Energy Saving" and other applicable laws of the Russian Federation, GOSTs, regulatory and technical documents and accumulated experience in the field of electricity metering.
The rules define the general requirements for the organization of electricity metering and the relationship between the main regulatory and technical documents in force in this area.
The rules are valid on the territory of the Russian Federation and are obligatory when:
- implementation of production, transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical energy;
- performance of design, installation, commissioning and repair work on the organization of electricity metering;
- ensuring the operation of electrical energy metering devices.
The Rules contain the main provisions for accounting for electricity during its production, transmission, distribution and consumption at existing, newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations, as well as for the operation of metering devices.
2. General provisions
2.1. The main purpose of electricity metering is to obtain reliable information on the production, transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical energy in the wholesale and retail electricity markets in order to solve the main technical and economic problems:
- financial settlements for electricity and capacity between market entities (energy supply organizations, consumers of electricity), taking into account its quality;
- determination and forecasting of technical and economic indicators of production, transmission and distribution of electricity in energy systems;
- determination and forecasting of technical and economic indicators of electricity consumption at industrial enterprises, transport, Agriculture, municipal sector, etc.;
- ensuring energy saving and power consumption management.
2.2. The quality of the energy supplied by the power supply organization must comply with the requirements established state standards and other mandatory rules or stipulated by the energy supply agreement.
2.3. Accounting for active electricity should ensure the determination of the amount of electricity (and, if necessary, average power values):
- produced by generators of power plants;
- consumed for own and economic needs (separately) of power plants and substations, as well as for the production needs of the energy system;
- released to consumers through lines extending from the busbars of power plants directly to consumers;
- transmitted in the network of other owners or received from them;
- released to consumers from electrical network;
- transferred for export and received for import.
The organization of active electricity metering should provide the ability to:
- determining the flow of electricity into electrical networks of various voltage classes of power systems;
- compilation of electricity balances for self-supporting divisions of energy systems and consumers;
- control over the observance by consumers of the modes of consumption and energy balances set by them;
- settlements of consumers for electricity at current tariffs, including multi-rate and differentiated;
- power consumption management.
2.4. Accounting for reactive electricity should provide the ability to determine the amount of reactive electricity received by the consumer from the power supply organization or transferred to it, if these data are used to calculate or monitor compliance with the specified operating mode of compensating devices.
2.5. Electricity is metered on the basis of measurements using electric energy meters and information-measuring systems.
2.6. For electricity metering, measuring instruments should be used, the types of which are approved by the State Standard of Russia and included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments.
2.7. State metrological control and supervision of measuring instruments used in electricity metering is carried out by bodies of the State Standard of Russia and metrological services accredited by them on the basis of current regulatory documentation.
3. Organization of electricity metering
3.1. The organization of electricity metering at existing, newly constructed, reconstructed electrical installations should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents in terms of:
- installation locations and volumes of electricity metering devices at power plants, substations and consumers;
- accuracy classes of meters and measuring transformers;
- placement of meters and wiring to them.
3.2. Accounting for active and reactive energy and power, as well as monitoring the quality of electricity for settlements between the energy supply organization and the consumer, is usually carried out at the border of the balance sheet of the power grid.
3.3. To improve the efficiency of electricity metering in electrical installations, it is recommended to use automated systems for metering and controlling electricity, created on the basis of electricity meters and information-measuring systems.
3.4. Persons performing work on the installation and adjustment of electricity meters must have licenses to carry out these types of work, obtained in the prescribed manner.
3.5. The means of accounting for electrical energy and monitoring its quality must be protected from unauthorized access to exclude the possibility of distorting the measurement results.
4. Organization of operation of electricity meters
4.1. The supplier of measuring instruments used to account for electrical energy and control its quality must have a license for their manufacture, repair, sale or rental, issued by the State Standard of Russia in the prescribed manner.
4.2. The organization of the operation of electricity metering devices should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents and instructions from manufacturers.
4.3. Operational maintenance of electricity metering devices must be carried out by specially trained personnel.
4.4. When servicing electricity metering devices, organizational and technical measures to ensure the safety of work in accordance with applicable regulations.
4.5. Departments may, on the basis of existing legal and regulatory documents, develop and approve, within their competence, departmental regulatory and technical documents in the field of electricity metering that do not contradict these rules.
4.6. Periodic verification of measuring instruments used to account for electrical energy and control its quality must be carried out within the time limits established by the State Standard of Russia.
4.7. Rearranging, replacing, as well as changing the schemes for switching on metering devices is carried out with the consent of the energy supply organization.
Application
The main terms and definitions used in the text of the Rules Electrical installations are a set of machines, apparatus, power lines and auxiliary equipment (together with the structures and premises in which they are installed) intended for the production, conversion, transformation, transmission, distribution of electrical energy and its transformation into a different kind.
Meters that take into account active electricity are called active energy meters (hereinafter referred to as meters).
Meters that take into account the integrated reactive power (hereinafter referred to as reactive electricity) for the accounting period are called reactive energy meters.
Metering means - a set of devices that provide measurement and metering of electricity (measuring current and voltage transformers, electricity meters, telemetry sensors, information-measuring systems and their communication lines) and interconnected according to the established scheme.
Electricity consumption for own needs of power plants and substations - electricity consumption by receivers that provide the necessary conditions functioning of power plants and substations in the technological process of generation, conversion and distribution of electrical energy.
Electricity consumption for the economic needs of power plants and electric networks is the consumption of electricity by auxiliary and non-industrial units that are on the balance sheet of electric power plants and electric grid enterprises, necessary to service the main production, but not directly related to technological processes production of thermal and electrical energy at power plants, as well as transmission and distribution of electrical energy.
Electricity consumption for production needs is the consumption of electricity by district boilers and electric boiler installations, both on an independent balance sheet and on the balance sheet of power plants, as well as for pumping water by pumped storage power plants and pumping installations.
Consumer (subscriber) of electrical energy - a legal entity that uses electrical energy (capacity).
Energy supply organization - a commercial organization, regardless of the organizational and legal form, selling to consumers produced or purchased electrical and (or) thermal energy.
Metrological service - a set of subjects of activity and types of work aimed at ensuring the uniformity of measurements.
Metrological control and supervision - an activity carried out by the body of the state metrological service (state metrological control and supervision) or the metrological service of a legal entity in order to verify compliance with the established metrological rules and norms. Measuring instruments - a technical device designed for measurements. Verification of measuring instruments - a set of operations performed by the bodies of the metrological service (other authorized bodies, organizations) in order to determine and confirm the compliance of the measuring instrument with the established technical requirements. Calibration of measuring instruments - a set of operations performed to determine and confirm the actual values of metrological characteristics and (or) suitability for use of measuring instruments that are not subject to state metrological control and supervision. Certificate of approval of the type of measuring instrument - a document issued by an authorized government agency certifying that this type of measuring instruments is approved in the manner prescribed by applicable law and complies with the established requirements.
Accreditation for the right to verify measuring instruments is the official recognition by an authorized state body of the authority to perform verification work.
License for the manufacture (repair, sale, rental) of measuring instruments - a document certifying the right to engage in these types of activities, issued by a legal and individuals body of the state metrological service.
I approve
Deputy Minister of Fuel and Energy
Russian Federation
Requirements for electricity meters
To account for electrical energy, metering devices are used, the types of which are approved federal agency executive power for technical regulation and metrology and included in the state register of measuring instruments.
Technical parameters and metrological characteristics of electric energy meters must comply with the requirements of GOST 52320-2005 Part 11 "Electric energy meters", GOST R 52323-2005 Part 22 "Static active energy meters of accuracy classes 0.2S and 0.5S", GOST R 52322- 2005 Part 21 "Static counters of ivy energy of accuracy classes 1 and 2" (for reactive energy - GOST R 52425-2005 "Static counters of reactive energy").
The main technical parameter of the electric meter is the “accuracy class”, which indicates the level of measurement error of the device. Accuracy classes of metering devices are determined in accordance with technical regulations and other mandatory requirements established for the classification of measuring instruments.
Requirements for metering devices for electrical energy consumed legal entities:
1. Depending on the value of the maximum power (indicated in the act of delimitation) and the voltage level at the installation site of the measuring complex, the accuracy class of the meter must be:
For connection points to electric grid facilities with a voltage of 35 kV and below with a maximum power (according to the delimitation act) of less than 670 kW - meters of accuracy class of at least 1,0 .
For connection points to power grid facilities with a voltage of 110 kV and above, an accuracy class of at least 0.5S.
To account for electrical energy consumed by consumers with a maximum power of at least 670 kW, meters are to be used that allow measuring hourly volumes of electrical energy consumption, with an accuracy class of at least 0.5S, providing storage of data on hourly volumes of electricity consumption for the last 90 days or more or included in the accounting system.
(the basis of paragraph 139 of the RF PP No. 442 of 05/04/2012)
4. The meter must be allowed to operate in the prescribed manner (the basis of paragraph 137 of the RF PP No. 442 of 05/04/2012).
5. The owner of the meter is obliged:
ensure the operation of the metering device;
ensure the safety and integrity of the meter, as well as seals and (or) signs of visual control;
ensure the removal and storage of meter readings;
ensure timely replacement of the metering device;
(the basis of paragraph 145 of the RF PP No. 442 of 05/04/2012).
6. The power supply organization must seal:
terminal blocks of current transformers;
covers of transition boxes where there are circuits to electric meters;
current circuits of settlement meters in cases where electrical measuring instruments and protection devices are connected to current transformers together with meters;
test boxes with clamps for shunting the secondary windings of current transformers and the junction of voltage circuits when the calculated meters are turned off for their replacement or verification; grilles and doors of chambers where current transformers are installed;
lattices or doors of chambers where fuses are installed on the high and low voltage side of the voltage transformers to which the calculated meters are connected;
devices on the handles of the voltage transformer disconnector drives, to which the calculated meters are connected.
In secondary circuits voltage transformers to which settlement meters are connected, the installation of fuses without monitoring their integrity with an effect on the signal is not allowed.
Verified settlement meters must have the seals of the organization that performed the verification on the fastening of the casings, and the seal of the energy supply organization on the cover of the meter terminal block.
To protect electrical measuring instruments, switching devices and detachable connections of electrical circuits in metering circuits from unauthorized access, they must be marked with special signs of visual control in accordance with established requirements.
(Reason - clause 2.11.18 of the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations)
Requirements for metering electrical energy using instrument transformers:
Measuring current transformers according to technical requirements must comply with GOST 7746-2001 (“Current transformers. General specifications”).
1. Accuracy class measuring transformers used in measuring complexes for installation (connection) of metering devices must be not lower than 0.5.(the basis of paragraph 139 of the RF PP No. 442 of 05/04/2012).
2. It is allowed to use current transformers with an overestimated transformation ratio (according to the conditions of electrodynamic and thermal resistance or busbar protection), if at maximum load connection, the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer will be at least 40% rated current of the meter, and at minimum workload - at least 5% (the basis of clause 1.5.17 of the EIC).
3. The connection of the current windings of the meters to the secondary windings of the current transformers should be carried out separately from the protection circuits and together with electrical measuring instruments (the basis of clause 1.5.18 of the PUE).
4. Usage intermediate transformers current to turn on settlement meters prohibited(the basis of paragraph 1.5.18 of the EIC).
5. The load of the secondary windings of the instrument transformers to which the meters are connected must not exceed the nominal values (the basis of clause 1.5.19 of the PUE).
6. The cross section and length of wires and cables in the voltage circuits of the calculated meters must be chosen so that the voltage loss in these circuits is no more than 0,25 % rated voltage when powered by voltage transformers of accuracy class 0.5. To ensure this requirement, it is allowed to use separate cables from voltage transformers to meters (the basis of clause 1.5.19 of the PUE).
7. Measuring voltage transformers according to technical characteristics must comply with GOST 1983-2001 (“Voltage transformers. General technical conditions”).
Requirements for metering devices for electrical energy consumed by citizens (individuals):
1. Meters must have an accuracy class of at least 2.0 (the basis of paragraph 138 of the RF PP No. 442 of 05/04/2012).
2. The screws securing the meter case must have a seal with the stamp of the state verifier (the basis of clause 1.5.13 of the PUE).
3. On the cover of the terminal block of the meter there must be a seal of the energy supply organization (the basis of clause 1.5.13 of the PUE).
4. Metering devices of an approved type and verified in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements are allowed for use (the basis of clause 80 of the RF PP No. 354 of 05/06/2011).
5. Equipment for residential or non-residential premises metering devices, commissioning of installed metering devices, their proper technical operation, safety and timely replacement must be ensured by the owner of a residential or non-residential premises.
The commissioning of the installed metering device, that is, the documentation of the metering device as a metering device, according to the indications of which the amount of payment for utilities is calculated, is carried out by the contractor, including on the basis of an application from the owner of a residential or non-residential premises submitted to the contractor. (the basis of clause 81 of the RF PP No. 354 of 05/06/2011).
6. Operation, repair and replacement of metering devices are carried out in accordance with technical documentation. Verification of metering devices is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements (the basis of clause 81 (10) of the RF PP No. 354 of 05/06/2011).
7. The meter must be protected from unauthorized intervention in its operation (the basis of clause 81 (11) of the RF PP No. 354 of 05/06/2011).
These "Electric Energy Accounting Rules" (hereinafter - the Rules) were developed in pursuance of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 2, 1995 N 1087 "On Urgent Energy Saving Measures" by specialists from the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia, the Ministry of Construction of Russia and RAO "UES of Russia" with the participation of the State Standard of Russia.
Judicial practice and legislation - "Rules for accounting for electrical energy" (approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation on September 19, 1996, by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation on September 26, 1996) (Registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on October 24, 1996 N 1182)
<*>Electricity metering rules approved by the Russian Ministry of Fuel and Energy on 09/19/96 and the Russian Ministry of Construction on 09/26/96. Registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 10/24/96, registration N 1182. "Russian News" dated 11/14/96 N 215.
Revision of electricity metering devices (hereinafter - metering devices) used for settlements with legal entities for consumed electricity is carried out in 1998 - 2000, and later - during periodic inspections.
Rules
electricity metering
1. Introduction
These "Rules for accounting for electrical energy" (hereinafter - the Rules) were developed in pursuance of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02.11.95 No. 1087 "On urgent energy saving measures" by specialists from the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia, the Ministry of Construction of Russia and RAO "UES of Russia" with the participation of Gosstandart Russia.
The Rules take into account the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 541 - 544), federal laws "On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements", "On Energy Saving" and other applicable laws of the Russian Federation, GOSTs, regulatory and technical documents and accumulated experience in the field of electricity metering.
The rules define the general requirements for the organization of electricity metering and the relationship between the main regulatory and technical documents in force in this area.
The rules are valid on the territory of the Russian Federation and are obligatory when:
Implementation of the production, transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical energy;
Implementation of design, installation, commissioning and repair work on the organization of electricity metering;
Ensuring the operation of electrical energy metering devices.
The Rules contain the main provisions for accounting for electricity during its production, transmission, distribution and consumption at existing, newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations, as well as for the operation of metering devices.
2. General provisions
2.1. The main purpose of electricity metering is to obtain reliable information on the production, transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical energy in the wholesale and retail electricity markets in order to solve the main technical and economic problems:
Financial settlements for electricity and capacity between market entities (energy supply organizations, consumers of electricity), taking into account its quality;
Determination and forecasting of technical and economic indicators of production, transmission and distribution of electricity in energy systems;
Determination and forecasting of technical and economic indicators of electricity consumption at industrial enterprises, transport, agriculture, public utilities sector, etc.;
Ensuring energy saving and power consumption management.
2.2. The quality of the energy supplied by the energy supplying organization must comply with the requirements established by state standards and other mandatory rules or provided for by the energy supply agreement.
2.3. Accounting for active electricity should ensure the determination of the amount of electricity (and, if necessary, average power values):
generated by power plant generators;
Consumed for own and economic needs (separately) of power plants and substations, as well as for the production needs of the energy system;
Released to consumers through lines extending from the tires of power plants directly to consumers;
Transmitted in the network of other owners or received from them;
Released to consumers from the electrical network;
Transferred for export and received for import.
The organization of active electricity metering should provide the ability to:
Determining the flow of electricity into electrical networks of various voltage classes of power systems;
Compilation of electricity balances for self-supporting divisions of energy systems and consumers;
Control over the observance by consumers of the modes of consumption and energy balances set by them;
Consumer settlements for electricity at current tariffs, including multi-part and differentiated;
Power consumption management.
2.4. Accounting for reactive electricity should provide the ability to determine the amount of reactive electricity received by the consumer from the power supply organization or transferred to it, if these data are used to calculate or monitor compliance with the specified operating mode of compensating devices.
2.5. Electricity is metered on the basis of measurements using electric energy meters and information-measuring systems.
2.6. For electricity metering, measuring instruments should be used, the types of which are approved by the State Standard of Russia and included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments.
2.7. State metrological control and supervision of measuring instruments used in electricity metering is carried out by bodies of the State Standard of Russia and metrological services accredited by them on the basis of current regulatory documentation.
3. Organization of electricity metering
3.1. The organization of electricity metering at existing, newly constructed, reconstructed electrical installations should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents in terms of:
Places of installation and volumes of electricity metering devices at power plants, substations and at consumers;
Accuracy classes of meters and measuring transformers;
Placement of meters and wiring to them.
3.2. Accounting for active and reactive energy and power, as well as monitoring the quality of electricity for settlements between the energy supply organization and the consumer, is usually carried out at the border of the balance
electrical accessories.
3.3. To improve the efficiency of electricity metering in electrical installations, it is recommended to use automated systems for metering and controlling electricity, created on the basis of electricity meters and information-measuring systems.
3.4. Persons performing work on the installation and adjustment of electricity meters must have licenses to carry out these types of work, obtained in the prescribed manner.
3.5. The means of accounting for electrical energy and monitoring its quality must be protected from unauthorized access to exclude the possibility of distorting the measurement results.
4. Organization of operation of electricity meters
4.1. The supplier of measuring instruments used to account for electrical energy and control its quality must have a license for their manufacture, repair, sale or rental, issued by the State Standard of Russia in the prescribed manner.
4.2. The organization of the operation of electricity metering devices should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents and instructions from manufacturers.
4.3. Operational maintenance of electricity metering devices must be carried out by specially trained personnel.
4.4. When servicing electricity metering devices, organizational and technical measures must be taken to ensure the safety of work in accordance with the current rules.
4.5. Departments may, on the basis of existing legal and regulatory documents, develop and approve, within their competence, departmental regulatory and technical documents in the field of electricity metering that do not contradict these rules.
4.6. Periodic verification of measuring instruments used to account for electrical energy and control its quality must be carried out within the time limits established by the State Standard of Russia.
4.7. Rearranging, replacing, as well as changing the schemes for switching on metering devices is carried out with the consent of the energy supply organization.
Application
Basic terms and definitions used in the text of the Rules
electrical installations a set of machines, devices, power lines and auxiliary equipment (together with the structures and premises in which they are installed) are called, intended for the production, conversion, transformation, transmission, distribution of electrical energy and its transformation into another form.
Meters that take into account active electricity , are called active energy meters (hereinafter referred to as meters).
Meters that take into account the integrated reactive power (hereinafter referred to as reactive electricity) for the accounting period , are called reactive energy meters.
Means of accounting- a set of devices that provide measurement and metering of electricity (measuring current and voltage transformers, electricity meters, telemetry sensors, information-measuring systems and their communication lines) and interconnected according to the established scheme.
Electricity consumption for own needs of power plants and substations - electricity consumption by receivers that provide the necessary conditions for the operation of power plants and substations in the technological process of generation, conversion and distribution of electrical energy.
Electricity consumption for household needs of power plants and electric networks - consumption of electricity by auxiliary and non-industrial units that are on the balance sheet of power plants and power grid enterprises, necessary for servicing the main production, but not directly related to the technological processes of production of heat and electricity at power plants, as well as transmission and distribution of electricity.
Electricity consumption for production needs - this is the consumption of electricity by district boiler houses and electric boiler installations, both on an independent balance sheet and on the balance sheet of power plants, as well as for pumping water by pumped storage power plants and pumping installations.
Consumer (subscriber) of electric energy - a legal entity that uses electrical energy (capacity).
Energy supply organization - a commercial organization, regardless of its organizational and legal form, which sells produced or purchased electrical and (or) thermal energy to consumers.
Metrological service - a set of subjects of activity and types of work aimed at ensuring the uniformity of measurements.
Metrological control and supervision - activities carried out by the body of the state metrological service (state metrological control and supervision) or the metrological service of a legal entity in order to verify compliance with the established metrological rules and norms.
Measuring instruments - a technical device intended for measurements.
Verification of measuring instruments - a set of operations performed by the bodies of the metrological service (other authorized bodies, organizations) in order to determine and confirm the compliance of the measuring instrument with the established technical requirements.
Calibration of measuring instruments - a set of operations performed to determine and confirm the actual values of metrological characteristics and (or) suitability for use of a measuring instrument that are not subject to state metrological control and supervision.
Type Approval Certificate for Measuring Instruments - a document issued by an authorized state body, certifying that this type of measuring instruments is approved in the manner prescribed by applicable law and complies with the established requirements.
Accreditation for the right to verify measuring instruments - official recognition by the authorized state body of the authority to perform verification work.
License for the manufacture (repair, sale, rental) of measuring instruments - a document certifying the right to engage in these types of activities, issued to legal entities and individuals by the body of the state metrological service.
I approve 19.09.1996 |
V.V. Curly |
I approve |
O.S. Fomenko |
Agreed |
OK. Isaev |
Agreed |
The main regulatory document regulating electricity metering in the Russian Federation is the Electricity Accounting Rules. In addition, in some regions of the Russian Federation for certain categories consumers, additional instructions have been issued that clarify the all-Russian standards in relation to local conditions. For example, in Moscow, there is an Instruction for designing electricity consumption metering in residential and public buildings RM-2559.
For an unambiguous interpretation of the regulatory requirements for electricity metering, RM-2559 provides the following terminology.
Consumer of electrical energy - organization, institution, territorially isolated workshop, facility, site, building, apartment, etc., connected to electric networks and using energy with the help of existing electrical energy receivers.
Subscriber - a consumer directly connected to the networks of an energy supplying organization, having a boundary with it of the balance of ownership of electric networks, the right and conditions for the use of electric energy of which are stipulated by an agreement between the energy supplying organization and the consumer or its parent organization. For household consumers - an apartment, a building or a group of territorially united buildings of personal property.
Balance sheet property boundary - the point of division of the electrical network between the power supply organization and the subscriber, determined by the balance sheet of the electrical network.
Electricity consumption metering point - the point of the power supply scheme at which, with the help of measuring device(settlement meter, metering system, etc.) or by another method, the values of electric energy and power consumption used in commercial calculations are determined. The metering point corresponds to the boundary of the balance belonging of the electrical network.
Settlement meter - a metering device, the metering system based on the readings of which at the metering point determines the consumption of electrical energy by the subscriber (sub-subscriber), subject to payment.
control metering device - a metering device, on the basis of the readings of which at a given point in the network the consumption of electrical energy used for control is determined.
Connected consumer power - the total power of the consumer's transformers connected to the electrical network, which converts energy to the working (directly supplying current collectors) voltage, and electric motors with voltages above 1000 V.
In cases where consumer electrical installations are powered from transformers or low-voltage networks of an energy supply organization, the connected power of the consumer is taken to be the power allowed for use, the amount of which is established by the energy supply organization and indicated in the contract for the supply of electric energy.
Based on the above normative documents the basic principles of organizing electricity metering in residential buildings are as follows:
1. For electricity metering, measuring instruments must be used, the types of which are approved by the State Standard of Russia and included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments. The list of types of meters used for payments for electricity and accepted on the balance sheet is established by the energy supply organization.
2. In the design of electrical equipment on a fundamental wiring diagram for each subscriber, the following data should be provided: by category of power supply reliability, on installed capacities, calculated loads and reactive load factors. If the consumer has loads belonging to different tariff groups, then these data should also be given in the project.
3. The boundary between balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility, as
as a rule, it should be installed at the entrance to the building on the lugs of the supply cables.
4. When powering the loads of a residential building from a built-in or attached transformer substation (TS), the interface with the power supply organization is determined by the design organization in agreement with the customer and the power supply organization.
5. If there are several consumers in the building that are administratively separated, then each consumer, including the tenant, is responsible for the subscriber.
6. All newly built and reconstructed houses, as a rule, must be equipped with automated systems electricity consumption metering (ASUE) (requirement for Moscow).
7. When re-equipping and re-planning apartments in residential buildings and non-residential premises, the owner must ensure the development of a project for the electrical equipment of an apartment or non-residential premises, having previously received technical conditions for organizing accounting, permission to use electricity for thermal purposes and permission to connect power in an energy supply organization.
6.2. Organization of electricity metering in the design of multi-apartment residential buildings
Consider here only those requirements that are associated with the organization of accounting in residential buildings. To pay for electricity, settlement meters must be installed:
With one subscriber - at the entrance to the building;
For two or more subscribers:
At the inputs of each subscriber;
On the load of lighting and engineering systems common to the building.
The number of settlement metering points is determined by the number of consumers, the number of inputs to each subscriber, taking into account the billing groups of consumers for each subscriber.
In residential apartment buildings settlement apartment meters should, as a rule, be installed in lockable cabinets located in stairwells or floor corridors.
If it is impossible to place metering devices, input and distribution protective devices in the floor shield, it is allowed to install meters and input protective devices on the staircase or floor corridor, and the rest of the equipment - on the shield inside the apartment.
A three-phase input device to the apartment should be provided if there are three-phase electrical receivers in the apartment or with a rated power of more than 11 kW. It is recommended to use a three-phase input for apartments equipped according to III and IV levels of household electrification in accordance with MGSN 2.01-94 "Energy saving in buildings".
At the input to the apartment, a protective device must be installed that provides protection against overcurrents, with a release current corresponding to the calculated load at the input. For apartments after their redevelopment and re-equipment, the rated current of the release of the protective device must correspond to the permitted power for connection. In this case, the selectivity of the input protective device with protective devices on outgoing lines should be taken into account.
Rice. 6.1.
Residential buildings, according to the specifications of energy supply organizations, are equipped with automated systems for the commercial accounting of energy resources (ASKUE). Usually,
ASKUE should provide:
Apartment-by-apartment and price-based accounting of all main types of energy resources:
Electricity in multi-tariff mode;
Water consumption (hot and cold water);
gas consumption;
Heat consumption.
Ability to account for other energy resources;
Remote multi-tariff commercial metering and reliable control of energy consumption;
Automated calculation of consumption and the possibility of issuing electronic invoices to subscribers to pay for consumed energy resources;
Issuance of data and exchange of analytical information between the structures of the housing and communal services and energy supply organizations in solving the problems of energy consumption management and energy saving;
Intra-object balance of receipt and consumption of energy resources in order to identify centers of unauthorized consumption;
Informing consumers about the state of payment and consumption of energy resources;
The possibility of changing tariffs by reprogramming the technical means installed at the metering facilities, with the obligatory documentation of this event by technical means;
Possibility to expand functions without changing the general structure of ASKUE installed at accounting facilities.
Each AMR should allow the use of tariffs for electricity and other energy resources differentiated by day zones, as well as provide control over the switching of the system from tariff to tariff with the transfer of this information to the AMR control center with a execution time, as a rule, up to 5 minutes.
The equipment and communication lines of ASKUE must comply with the requirements for commercial accounting systems. Within the object (residential building), the reading and transmission of energy consumption readings should, as a rule, be carried out via independent communication lines.
Others may be used for this purpose. technical solutions subject to the fulfillment of the requirements for the accuracy and reliability of the transmitted information, determined by the requirements of energy supply organizations for the accounting of energy resources.
6.3. Organization of electricity metering in the design of individual residential buildings
As a rule, for the entire cottage plot, which is administered by one subscriber, there should be one estimated electricity meter installed at the entrance to the cottage. However, there are options when the settlement meter can be installed separately at the entrance to the house, garage, etc. For individual residential buildings, it is recommended, as a rule, to use a three-phase input with the installation of a three-phase meter.
If there is an electric heating load of more than 10 kW in individual residential buildings, an independent settlement meter should be installed for this load.
Metering devices should be placed in special factory-made cabinets. The introductory shield should be placed on the border of the area of individual ownership.
It is allowed to place the inlet shield on the wall of the building, as well as inside the building, in the immediate vicinity of the entrance, in agreement with the power supply organization.
At the input to a house or other private structure, a protective device must be installed that provides protection against overcurrents, with a rated current of the release corresponding to the calculated input load and the permitted power for connection, taking into account selectivity.
6.4. Basic requirements for the installation of metering devices
The installation of metering devices must be carried out taking into account the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE) and the Instructions of energy supply organizations. Metering devices are purchased and installed at the expense of consumers and transferred to the balance of the energy supply organization free of charge.
Installation of meters should be carried out on rigid bases of shields, on ASU panels and on other structures that do not allow shocks and vibrations. Meters must be fastened from the front side.
Designs of ASU panels, shields, etc. should ensure the safety and convenience of installing and replacing meters, connecting wires to them, as well as the safety of maintenance.
To install meters, current transformers and test boxes in ASU panels, as a rule, independent compartments with lockable doors should be provided. Current transformers are recommended to be installed above the meters. In this case, a horizontal partition made of insulating material must be installed between the meters and current transformers. When placing two sets of current transformers on one board, there must be a partition made of insulating material between them.
In places where there is a risk of mechanical damage to the meters or their contamination, or in places accessible to unauthorized persons, a lockable cabinet with a window for taking readings should be provided for the meters.
In multi-apartment residential buildings, meters should be installed in floor panels with lockable doors that have openings for taking readings. In switchboard residential buildings, meters are installed on ASU panels or in separate shields. It is allowed to install counters on the wall on wooden, plastic or metal shields. In this case, the distance to the wall must be at least 100 mm.
The height from the floor to the meter terminal box is recommended within 1.0-0.7 m. It is not allowed to install meters in rooms where the temperature can exceed +45°C.
It is allowed to install meters in unheated rooms, as well as in outdoor cabinets, if the operating conditions of the meters ( specifications) provide for the possibility of such an installation. Near each settlement meter there should be an inscription about the name of the connection.
The inclusion of three-phase meters through current transformers must be carried out using test blocks installed directly under the meter or next to it.
Three-phase meters at the inputs of individual apartments, individual residential buildings and other private structures should, as a rule, be used for direct connection. Three-phase meters for the general house load of residential buildings should be connected through current transformers.
In front of the settlement meters directly connected to the network, at a distance of no more than 10 m along the length of the wiring, a protective device must be installed to remove voltage from all phases for the safe replacement of meters and to protect the network from overload.
After the meter, a protective device must be installed no further than 3 m along the length of the electrical wiring, if protective devices are not provided after the meter on outgoing lines or lines.
If several lines equipped with protection devices leave after the meter, the installation of a common protection device is not required. If several lines leave after the meter, equipped with protection devices that are located outside the room where the meter is installed, then a common disconnect device must be installed after the meter.
Counters for apartments are recommended to be placed together with protection devices. When installing apartment shields in the hallways of apartments, meters can be installed on these shields; their installation in floor boards is allowed. The installation location of the meter is coordinated with the local energy sales department, taking into account the type of building and planning solutions.
Meters should be selected taking into account their permissible overload capacity. The cross section and length of the wires and cables used for the voltage circuits of the meters must be chosen so that the voltage loss is more than 0.5% of the rated voltage.
The cross section of wires and cables for external connections of meters must be at least, mm2:
The maximum cross section of wires and cables is determined by the design of the meter terminals.
When using stranded wires connected to the meter, their ends must be tinned. The ends of wires or cable cores from current transformers to systems must be marked accordingly.
When connecting meters for direct connection, it is necessary to leave the ends of the cores with a length of at least 120 mm. The neutral wire at a length of 100 mm in front of the meter must have a distinctive color.
6.5. Electrical energy meters
The main element that provides electricity metering is an electric energy meter.
Electrical energy meter is a time integrating device that measures active and (or) reactive energy.
The active power measured by the meter is determined by the expressions:
For a single-phase meter, W:
For a three-phase two-element counter, W:
For a three-phase three-element meter in a four-wire network, W:
The reactive power (VAr) measured by the reactive energy meter is determined by the expression, VAr:
All meters are characterized by an accuracy class, which is represented as a number equal to the maximum permissible error, expressed as a percentage, for all values of the current measurement range - from the minimum to the maximum value, a power factor equal to one, under normal conditions established by the standards or specifications for the meter . On the counter plate it is indicated by a number in a circle, for example
The accuracy of measurements of electrical energy by a meter can be estimated by the meter error, which is determined by its systematic component, sensitivity threshold, self-propelled, internal angle adjustment accuracy, additional errors.
The error of the counter 5s depends on the values of current and cos9. The dependence of the error on current and on cos9 is called the load characteristic of the meter.
Self-propelled counter - the movement of the disk or the flashing of the indicators of the counter under the influence of the applied voltage and in the absence of current in the series circuits.
Counter sensitivity threshold - the smallest normalized current value, which causes a change in the readings of the counting mechanism at nominal values of voltage, frequency and cos9=1.
Induction and electronic meters are used to measure AC electricity.
The measured active energy (kWh) in general terms is determined by the product of power and time:
The operation of the induction measuring mechanism (Fig. 6.2) is based on the creation of voltage electromagnets 2 and current 1 of alternating magnetic fluxes Фu and Ф1 with a phase shift angle between them of 90 and directed perpendicular to the plane of the disk.
The magnetic fluxes Fu and F1, penetrating the aluminum disk, induce eddy currents I "I and I" U in it. The interaction of the magnetic fluxes Fu and F1 with the field of eddy currents creates the moment of rotation of the moving part
The magnetic flux Фu is proportional to the applied voltage U. The magnetic flux ФI is proportional to the load current In. Then
where k is a constant coefficient determined by the meter design.
Rice. 6.2.
Permanent magnet 3 creates a braking torque. To compensate for friction in the supports, the counting mechanism, the disk 4 against the air, in the worm gear, the electromagnet 2 creates a compensation moment equal to the braking
As a result of the equality of compensation and braking torques, the moving part in the absence of load current is in a state of dynamic equilibrium.
The main adjustment of the characteristics of the induction measuring mechanism is carried out as follows:
braking torque- mechanical movement of the permanent magnet 3;
compensation moment- moving the plate of the magnetic shunt of the electromagnet 2;
internal angle of the phase shift φ- by moving the clamp 5 to the resistance R;
self-propelled- by bending the flag 6, located on the axis of the disk 4.
There are no rotating mechanical parts in electronic meters and thus friction is eliminated.
The principle of operation of an electronic meter is based on analog-to-digital conversion, followed by the calculation of power and energy.
In table. 6.1 are given. All counters given in the table are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation of Measuring Instruments.
The switching circuit of a single-phase induction meter is shown in fig. 6.3.
Rice. 6.3.
A mandatory requirement when turning on the meter is to observe the polarity of the connection for both current and voltage. With reverse polarity, a negative torque is created in the current circuit and the counter disk will rotate in reverse side. Electronic single-phase meters measure electricity regardless of the polarity of the current circuit connection.
Some types of induction meters (for example, SO-EE 6705) are available with a backstop.
In three-phase four-wire networks with a voltage of 380/220 V, direct (direct) connection meters are used to measure electrical energy. In addition, meters are used that are connected to the network through current transformers (CTs).
The connection of the current circuit of direct-on meters is carried out in series with the network conductors and with the obligatory observance of polarity (Fig. 6.4).
Rice. 6.4.
Connection of meters of a three-phase four-wire network through a CT can be carried out using various schemes: with separate current and voltage circuits, with combined current and voltage circuits, in a "star". In all cases, direct phase sequence is mandatory.
The most universal is the scheme for switching on meters with a test box (Fig. 6.5). The test box allows, without disconnecting the load, to replace meters and check the switching circuit.
Rice. 6.5.
To ensure the required accuracy of electrical energy measurement, along with the choice of a meter of the required accuracy class, it is necessary to select a measuring current transformer of the appropriate accuracy class and ensure voltage losses in the voltage measuring circuits within acceptable limits.
So, for the consumers considered in this paper, for the purposes of settlement accounting, according to the PUE, the accuracy class of the meters is not lower than 2.0; accuracy class of current transformers 0.5; relative voltage losses as a percentage of the nominal 0.25%.
For technical accounting: meter accuracy class 2.0; accuracy class of current transformers 1.0; relative voltage loss 1.5%.
Table 6.1 Technical data of the most used meters
counter | Purpose | Rated voltage, | Nominal (maximum) current, A | Class accuracy | Overall dimensions, mm | Weight, kg | Note |
||||
Single phase induction | |||||||||||
SO-505 | Active energy measurement | Pulse telemetry sensor | |||||||||
SO-I449M1 | Active energy measurement | In a round body |
|||||||||
SO-I449M2 | Active energy measurement | In a rectangular box |
|||||||||
SO-ES6705 | Active energy measurement | ||||||||||
SO-ES6706 | Active energy measurement | Replaces counters CO-2, SO-2M, SO-6, SO-6M, SO-I446, SO-I446M |
|||||||||
SO-ES6706-1 | Active energy measurement | Setting modes ("day", "preferential") is carried out from an external remote control |
|||||||||
SO-IB1 | Active energy measurement | ||||||||||
SO-IB2 | |||||||||||
Single-phase electronic |
|||||||||||
CE2705-1 | Active energy measurement | Remote sensor, output signal 30 mA, 24 V | |||||||||
CE2705-2 | |||||||||||
CE2726-11 | Active energy measurement | Telemetry output 100 imp/kWh | |||||||||
CE2726-12 | Telemetry output 100 imp/kWh | ||||||||||
CE6807D | Direct connection for active energy measurement | ||||||||||
Measurement of active energy. two-tariff | impulse output. Infrared IrDA port | ||||||||||
EEZOO | Active energy measurement | In modification EESOOOO. 4-telemetry sensor | |||||||||
Mercury 200 | Pulse encoder | ||||||||||
ESR-5 | Measurement of active energy. two-tariff | Pulse encoder | |||||||||
SET1-4A | Measurement of active energy. multi-tariff | telemetry sensor | |||||||||
SEB-1M | Active energy measurement | Remote sensor with pulse output: 12-24 V; 10-30mA | |||||||||
SEB-2M | Measurement of active energy. two-tariff | ||||||||||
SEB-21M | Measurement of active energy. multi-tariff | ||||||||||
Three-phase induction |
|||||||||||
SA4-I672M | Measurement of active energy in 4 wire networks, direct connection | ||||||||||
SA4U-I672M | Switching via current transformers for active | ||||||||||
SAZ-I670M | Active energy measurement | ||||||||||
SAZU-I670M | Active energy measurement with switching via CT | ||||||||||
SAZ-I677 | Active energy measurement | ||||||||||
SR4-I673 | Reactive energy measurement | ||||||||||
SR4U-I673M | Reactive energy measurement with switching via |
counter | Purpose | Rated yarn, | Nominal (maximum) current, A | Class almost exactly | Availability and type of remote sensor | Overall dimensions, mm | Weight, kg | Note |
SR4-I679 | Reactive energy measurement | |||||||
SAZ-I670D | For work in ASUE, active energy measurement | Pulse. Pulse current 10 mA | ||||||
SAZU-I670D | switching via CT and VT | |||||||
SA4-I672D | For work in ASUE, measurement of active energy with direct connection to the network | Pulse. Pulse current 10 mA | ||||||
SA4U-I672D | For work in ASUE, measurement of active energy with | |||||||
switching via CT and VT | ||||||||
SR4-I673D | ||||||||
SR4U-I673D | For work in ASKUE, measurement of reactive energy with inclusion through CT and VT | Photoelectronic adapter with telemetry sensor | ||||||
SA4U-510 | Measurement of active energy. | |||||||
SA4U-514 | Measurement of active energy. Direct connection | |||||||
SA4U-518 | ||||||||
F668-SAR | directions. Multifunctional. Three-tariff | 300 baud telephone modem Power line data interface | ||||||
F668-SA | Measurement of active energy in two directions. Multifunctional. Three-tariff | |||||||
F668-SR | Measurement of reactive energy in two directions. Multifunctional. Three-tariff | |||||||
In two directions. Switching on via CT and VT. Multifunctional. | 2 "current loop" interfaces. 5 optoelectronic pulse outputs via RS-232 interface | |||||||
Mercury-230A | Measurement of active energy in 3 and 4 wire networks. Inclusion through TT and resistive dividers. A lot of- tariff | Two telemetry outputs with optical isolation. CAN type digital interface | IP51 dust and water ingress protection |
|||||
Mercury-230AR | Measurement of active and reactive energy in 3 and 4 wired networks. Switching via CT and resistive dividers. multi-tariff | |||||||
Alpha A1000 | Or two directions. Multi-tariff, fixing the maximum power | |||||||
Delta | Measurement of active and reactive energy in three and single phase circuits. Switching direct and via CT and TN. multi-tariff | pulse output | ||||||
(AlfaPlus) | Measurement of active and reactive energy. Switching on is direct and via CT and VT. Multifunctional | round case |
counter | Purpose | Rated voltage, | Nominal (maximum) current, A | Class accuracy | Availability and type of remote sensor | Overall dimensions, mm | Weight, kg | Note |
(EuroAlpha) | Measurement of active and reactive energy in two | Pulse output and digital via RS-232, "current loop" or RS-485 interfaces | Rectangular housing |
|||||
(EuroAlpha) | Measurement of active and reactive energy. In key- nie through CT and VT. Multifunctional | Pulse output and digital via RS-232, "current loop" or RS-485 interfaces | ||||||
CE2727 | Measurement of active energy. Switching on direct and through TT and TN. multi-tariff | Digital interfaces RS-232 or RS-485. Modem for transmission over brush networks | ||||||
STS5605-4/05-3 | Measurement of active and reactive energy in two directions. Switching on via CT and VT. Multifunctional | Up to 5 telemetric pulse outputs. Digital interface RS-485 HDX or RS-232 | ||||||
STS5605-4/1-3 | ||||||||
STS5605-4/05-4 | ||||||||
STS5605-4/1-4 | ||||||||
STS5605-2/05-3 | Measurement of active and reactive energy in one direction. Switching on via CT and VT. Multifunctional | Up to 5 telemetry pulse outputs. Digital interface RS-485 HDX or RS-232 | ||||||
STS5605-2/1-3 | ||||||||
STS5605-2/05-4 | ||||||||
STS5605-2/1-4 | ||||||||
STS5605-2/05-4N | Measurement of active and reactive energy in one | |||||||
STS5605-2/1-4N | direction. Switching on via TT. Multifunctional | |||||||
STE-560 | Measurement of active and reactive energy. two-tariff | Pulse encoder | ||||||
STE-560-2 | Measurement of active and reactive energy. Switching on via TT | |||||||
STE-560A-2 | Measurement of active and reactive energy. Switching via CT and VT | |||||||
STE-560A-1 | ||||||||
PSC-ZAR.05.2 | Measurement of active and reactive energy | |||||||
PSC-ZA.05.2 | Measurement of active energy. | 2 pulse outputs | ||||||
PSCh-4AR.05.2 | Measurement of active and reactive energy | One pulse output for each type of energy | ||||||
PSCh-4A.05.2 | Active energy measurement | 2 pulse outputs | ||||||
PSC-4AP.05.2 | 2 pulse outputs | |||||||
PSC-4RP.05.2 | 2 pulse outputs |
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