Elective courses in specialized education. The role of elective courses in physical culture in the formation of social competence and adaptability of university students What are elective courses in physical culture

Keywords: "Elective courses in physical culture", first-year students of the institute, preparatory and special medical groups, recreational and rehabilitation forms motor activity.

Annotation. The article analyzes the content of "Elective courses in physical culture" for students of preparatory and special medical groups in a non-specialized university. Recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity and intellectual sports (chess, drafts) are the most effective for students of these groups.

"Elective courses on physical education" for students of preparatory and special medical groups in higher educational institution

Dr. Somkin A. A., EdD, Professor, Honored Coach of Russia;

Konstantinov S. A., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Chairman; Demidenko O. V., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Vice-Chairman. St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television.

keywords: "Elective courses on physical education", junior institute students, preparatory and special medical groups, recreation and rehabilitation forms of move activity.

abstract. This article provides the analysis of the content of "Elective courses on physical education" for students ofpreparatory and special medical groups in unspecialized higher education institution. Recreation and rehabilitation forms of move activity, intellectual sports (chess, drafts) are the most effective for these groups of students.

Introduction

The formation of a sustainable need for constant and systematic physical education and the cultivation of the so-called "fashion for an active and healthy lifestyle" are the most important tasks of such academic disciplines, as "Physical culture" and "Elective courses in physical culture" in higher educational institutions Russian Federation. Particular attention should be paid to such a direction of activity of the departments of physical education and sports as counteracting "physical culture passivity" among students who, according to their health status, belong to preparatory (PG) and special medical groups (SMG). For such students, physical education classes should be considered, first of all, as a recreational tool aimed at improving their physical activity, which will optimize the process of socialization of the individual in the new educational environment.

Therefore, a methodically substantiated transition from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health-improving program is important. The specificity of classes with PG and SHG students is associated with the extreme heterogeneity of this contingent of students in a number of ways:

• gender identity;
• contraindications in certain types of physical activity;
• level physical development;
• the presence of individual motor experience and others.

Consequently, the effectiveness of classes with such students determines the individual approach that will provide positive influence on their health and minimize possible risks. In this regard, it is relevant to use the main provisions and methods used in the "Adaptive physical culture", aimed at rehabilitation and adaptation to the normal socio-cultural environment of persons with disabilities.

Methodical part

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard higher education"3 plus" (FSES HE 3+) students full-time Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television (SPbGIKiT) in the basic part of Block 1 "Disciplines (modules)" of the bachelor's program in physical culture and sports, the following academic disciplines are taught:

• "Physical culture" in the volume of 72 academic hours(16 hours - lectures; 16 hours of practical, seminars; 20 hours - self-study) in the first year;
• "Elective courses in physical culture" in the amount of 328 academic hours (practical classes) in the first - third years.

"Elective courses in physical culture" involve a gradual transition to SPbGIKiT from mandatory forms training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves. As elective courses at the Department of Physical Education of SPbGIKiT, students are offered: firstly, standard training sessions in accordance with the schedule (twice a week for two academic hours); secondly, various forms of sectional classes, which are focused on non-commercial sports of the highest achievements, physical culture and conditioning sports, applied disciplines, recreational and rehabilitation forms of motor activity, intellectual sports (Fig.).

The so-called motivational-value component comes to the fore when organizing educational and sectional classes in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture", which should form a positive emotional attitude to classes and a steady desire to apply, at the same time, quite conscious volitional efforts aimed at the physical improvement of the individual.

In order to reflect the importance of this problem, we analyzed the results of the in-depth medical examination (IME), which first-year students take in September - October, over the past five years - from 2011 to 2015 (Table). The results of a statistical study showed that the percentage of students entering the institute and having various deviations in their health status is quite large - from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students.

Let's consider the main forms of sectional classes at the Department of Physical Education in SPbGIKiT, oriented, among other things, to students related to the state of their health to PG or SMG.

Rice. Discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" at the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography

1. Non-commercial elite sport means successful performance at high-level competitions, but without receiving significant financial rewards. For students of St. Petersburg State University of Cinematography and Technology specializing in wushu sanda martial arts, these are Russian championships, large and prestigious international tournaments, including in China, the “homeland” of this sport. Wushu Sanda is a combined martial art that incorporates the best techniques from Chinese martial arts. Thanks to a wide arsenal of techniques allowed by the Competition Rules, in wushu sanda fights, athletes can use punches and kicks in “full contact”, captures of the opponent and throws to the platform, called “lei-tai”. With a high level of training of the leading athletes-students of the institute in wushu sanda (technical, functional, physical, tactical), they are able, with a certain adaptation of the training process, to represent the combined team of the institute and in various "related" disciplines - "shock" (karate, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing - in the sections "full contact" and "full contact with low kick"), "wrestling" (sambo, judo), "mixed" (jiu-jitsu, hand-to-hand combat, sports and combat sambo) martial arts.

2. Fitness-conditioning (or the so-called "mass") sport is a type of public (ordinary) sport, aimed mainly at physical culture and sports training, which contribute to the preservation of previously acquired (in school age) physical form with strictly regulated participation in competitions. Here, the target outcome of the activity is focused not on the maximum possible result, but on the level of physical and spiritual development necessary for each person to maintain his capacity and adequate health. At the same time, the time spent on classes should be optimally minimized and not interfere with the main socially necessary type of activity of a student receiving higher education.

The results of an in-depth medical examination (IDE) of 1st year students of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography and Technology in 2011-2015

Note. *the number of students who have passed UMO and assigned to a certain group for health reasons; ** percentage students assigned to the corresponding group.

SPbGIKiT regularly organizes sectional classes in the following sports:

• sports games - football, volleyball, basketball, table tennis;
• martial arts - kickboxing, taekwondo, sambo, judo;
• athletic sports (athleticism) - arm wrestling, powerlifting, kettlebell lifting;
• cheerleading.

From the best students attending the sections, the combined teams of the institute were formed, for which the main competitions are the Spartakiad of the universities of St. Petersburg.

3. Applied disciplines. The problem of individual self-defense of a person in the conditions of a modern metropolis is currently becoming extremely relevant. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in SPbGIKIT the sections on applied disciplines are very popular among students (both boys and girls) who do not have the desire to regularly train to participate in competitions:

• self-defense - based on the technique of traditional wushu schools;
• KENPO - real hand-to-hand combat;
• aikido, including with the use of weapons;
• CrossFit is a system of so-called functional circular training using exercises from various martial arts (boxing, taekwondo, judo, sports and combat sambo).

Classes in such sections as self-defense and aikido, as a rule, do not require from students a high level of development of their physical abilities and the development of complex techniques.

4. The next group of sections is conditionally united by recreational and rehabilitation forms of students' physical activity. In the process of training in these sections, physical exercises and some elements of sports are used in accessible and simplified forms to solve the following problems:

• maintenance and promotion of health;
• active, healthy recreation;
• switching to another type of activity;
• restoration of working capacity;
• organization of emotionally rich leisure;
• rehabilitation of students related to the state of their health to PG and SMG.

For students who do not have deviations in their health, the fitness section is oriented. Fitness classes are held in the form of so-called "mixed classes" - meaning the presence of both aerobic and strength exercises present in the training program. For students classified according to the results of UMO to PG and SMG, sections of health-improving swimming and yoga are organized. Students visit the recreational swimming section once a week. The session lasts 45 minutes and includes:

• warm-up in the gym, the main place in which is occupied by low-intensity stretching exercises (15 minutes);
• swimming in the pool in the form of "free swimming" - various forms of movement in the aquatic environment (30 minutes).

Swimming in the pool improves the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, neuromuscular apparatus, activate metabolic processes in the body, mental activity of students.

The yoga section is organized for students with different levels of physical fitness. The first day of the week is a lesson for beginners (mostly first-year students) and related to the state of their health to PG or SMG, which lasts up to one hour. The second day of the week is a lesson for students (II-IV courses) who have previous experience in yoga, for example, in the first year. This lesson lasts from 75 to 90 minutes.

5. Finally, sections on intellectual sports - chess and checkers - which students who have deviations in their health or are exempted from practical classes are guided to attend. From the best players, according to the results of control training, the combined teams of the institute in these sports are formed, which regularly participate in regional and city tournaments, in the Spartakiad of St. Petersburg universities.

Conclusion

The introduction of the new Federal State Educational Standard "3 Plus" in the universities of the Russian Federation and the allocation in Block 1 - the basic part of the "Disciplines (modules)" - the subject "Elective courses in physical education" made it possible to move at the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television:

• from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health program;
• from compulsory training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves.

According to the results of an in-depth medical examination of first-year students over the past five years (2011-2015), it was determined that the percentage of students entering the institute and having various deviations in health is from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students. For this contingent of students related to PG and SMG, the following practical (sectional) classes are offered in SPbGIKiT:

• recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity - yoga, recreational swimming and, in part, applied disciplines (aikido, self-defense);
• intellectual sports - chess, checkers.

Thanks to this individual approach first-year students have formed a positive emotional attitude to the classes at the Department of Physical Education and a strong desire to continue them in subsequent courses.

Literature

1. Anisimov M.P. The structure of the technique of mixed martial arts // Scientific notes of the University named after P.F. Lesgaft. - 2014. - No. 10 (116). - S. 10-13.
2. Bashmakov V.P. Methodological approaches to conducting classes with students of a special medical group: teaching aid/ V. P. Bashmakov, S. A. Konstantinov, O. V. Demidenko; SPbGUKiT. - St. Petersburg, 2013. - 80 p.
3. Bezugly V. S., Vrzhesnevska A. I., Chernysh L. P. Analysis of approaches to the acquisition of groups for practical training in physical education in a special department of the university // Physics of learning in the context of modern education: materials VII All-Ukrainian Scientific and Methodological Conference. - Kiev: National Aviation University, 2012. - S. 158-160.
4. Volkova L. M. Physical culture of students: state and ways of improvement: monograph / L. M. Volkova, V. V. Evseev, P. V. Polovnikov; SPbGPU - SPb., 2004. - 149 p.
5. Kondakov V. L. Systemic mechanisms for designing sports and health technologies in the educational space modern university: monograph. - Belgorod: LitKara-Van, 2013. - 454 p.
6. Matveev L.P. Reflections on sports / L.P. Matveev // Sports management. - 2004. - No. 1. - S. 16-21.
7. Matveev L.P. General theory of sport and its applied aspects / L.P. Matveev. - 4th ed., Rev. and additional - St. Petersburg: Lan, 2005. - 384 p.
8. Moskovchenko O.N., Zakharova L.V., Lyulina N.V. Model of adaptive-developing environment for students of special medical groups // Adaptive physical culture. - 2013. - No. 4 (56). - S. 45-48.
9. Somkin A. A. The development of mixed martial arts "wushu sanda" in non-specialized higher education educational institution/ A. A. Somkin, O. R. Makarov // Current state and prospects for the development of psychology and pedagogy: Sat. articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (February 28, 2015, Ufa). - Ufa: Aeterna, 2015. - S. 165-170.

ABOUT THE INTRODUCTION OF THE AII-RUSSIA PHYSICAL CULTURE

AND SPORTS COMPLEX TRP

N.N. Kalmykov, A.V. Yudkin, A.G. nosov

Various alternative variants of the TRP system development in the Russian Federation, its features, goals, tasks and main functions are considered on the basis of the analysis of the legislative base of the WUSC TRP, normative and legal acts of federal and regional significance. The main proposals and recommendations for improving the organization and quality of implementing this system in educational institutions are formulated. A statistical observation of the organization and implementation of the TRP has been carried out. The main problems connected with informing the population about this complex are revealed.

Key words: sport, health, GTO, legislative framework of the GTO, statistical observation, GTO standards.

Kalmykov Nikolai Nikolaevich, candidate of sociological sciences, director, [email protected], Russia, Moscow, Expert-Analytical Center of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,

Yudkin Artem Vladimirovich, advisor to the chairman of the board, [email protected], Russia, Novosibirsk, Siberian Expert Center "Modernization",

Nosov Alexander Georgievich, candidate of pedagogical sciences, teacher, [email protected], Russia, Saratov, Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after Stolypin of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

UDC 796.011.1:378.14

FORMATION OF COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK

ELECTIVE COURSE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

L.T. Kudashova, N.N. Vengerov

Problems in the content of the elective course in physical culture with the aim of forming general cultural competencies among students are revealed. The article presents a methodology for organizing an elective course in physical culture at a university with the use of sports and health technologies, which takes into account the level of physical fitness and emotional state of those involved and contributes to the formation of specially directed competencies among female students.

Key words: competencies, elective course in physical culture, sports and health technologies, physical development, physical fitness.

The modernization of higher education, in particular the introduction of specialized education, opens up fundamentally new opportunities in the implementation of innovative activities at the university. In the conditions of profile training, in addition to the basic ones, new components are introduced

training - elective courses. Elective courses are the latest mechanism for updating and individualizing the learning process. With a well-designed system of elective courses, each student can receive an education with a certain desired bias in a particular field of knowledge. It is the elective disciplines that, in essence, are the most important means of building individual educational programs, because are most connected with the choice of each student of the content of education, depending on his interests, abilities, future life plans. Elective courses contribute to the greatest extent to solving individual problems in the formation of the competencies of the educational standard.

Speaking about the quality of training specialists at a university, one should take into account not only the acquired knowledge, skills and experience in the professional field, but also psychophysical fitness. There is no doubt that the labor reserves of our country should not only be highly qualified, but also in good health. In this regard, as an indisputable position, each educational standard contains general cultural competencies aimed at the formation of readiness to use the means of physical culture to increase their physical improvement while ensuring full-fledged social and professional activities.

In the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education in various areas of training of bachelors and specialists, general cultural competencies aimed at physical improvement are formulated in different ways: a student must have “the ability to maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities, promote active longevity, a healthy lifestyle and prevention diseases"; "the ability to use the methods and means of physical culture to ensure a full-fledged social and professional activity"; “willingness to maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities”; “the ability to apply methods and means of cognition, learning and self-control for intellectual development, raising the cultural level, professional competence, maintaining one’s health, moral and physical self-improvement”; “ownership of the means of independent, methodically correct use of methods of physical education and health promotion, readiness to achieve the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full-fledged social and professional activity”; “willingness to maintain a level of physical fitness that ensures full-fledged activity”; “the ability to apply methods and means of cognition, learning and self-control for one’s own

intellectual development, raising the cultural level, professional competence, maintaining one's health, moral and physical self-improvement, etc., but their essence remains the same.

Physical perfection, according to N.V. Reshetnikov, this is a historically determined level of health and the comprehensive development of people's physical abilities that meets the requirements of human activity in various areas of social labor, ensuring high human performance for many years. In this context, physical perfection reflects such a degree of physical development of young people, students, their level of health, which allow them to fully realize their creative potential. Therefore, physical perfection is not just a desirable quality of a future specialist, but a necessary element of his personal structure.

It is physical culture that plays a leading role in solving the issues of developing the physical abilities of students. The result of education upon completion of training in the field of physical culture should be the creation of sustainable motivation and the need for a healthy and productive lifestyle, physical self-improvement, acquisition personal experience creative use of its means and methods, achievement of the established level of physical fitness.

Currently requirements federal standards to the learning process, they provide for the discipline "Physical Education" the allocation of hours in the basic part (72 hours) and elective courses with mandatory academic hours (328 hours), but without specifying the means and methods for their implementation.

This poses a problem for sports and pedagogical science that requires theoretical justification and practical solutions. Ways of implementation lie in the search for effective, attractive and affordable means for student youth, as well as in improving the process of physical education itself. After all, it is elective courses that "compensate" in many respects for the rather limited possibilities of basic disciplines in meeting the various educational needs of students, shaping their individual educational trajectory.

For teachers of physical culture at the university, there is an opportunity to make scientifically based changes and additions to the elective courses in the forms of organization, content of educational material, summing up the results of its development, taking into account regional, socio-cultural, material and technical conditions, characteristics of students' professional training, availability and qualification of pedagogical frames.

Can be used not only traditional means physical education: athletics, wrestling, sports games, skiing, swimming, but also the latest modern fitness and health technologies.

At the moment, in the practice of physical culture, a significant number of various sports and health systems have been formed, designed to promote the preservation and strengthening of the health of the population, including young students. When using this variety of systems, it is necessary to take into account the value orientations of modern youth so that the orientation towards physical culture and sports activities does not weaken.

In addition, the means of physical culture used should take into account the gender and age characteristics of students and be aimed at developing in them certain professionally significant physiological, physical and psychological functions and qualities, health status and their compliance with the nature of the professional requirements of the chosen profession in order to form the relevant competencies.

At student age, the physical maturation of the body is completed. This period can be called the final stage of the progressive age-related development of the psychophysiological and motor capabilities of the body. Young people during this period have great opportunities for intense educational work and socio-political activities. In this age range, the body retains a relatively high performance, general high level functional activity. At the same time, numerous studies indicate a low level of physical fitness and health among the majority of school graduates. In addition, many lack an elementary culture of movements, the ability to demonstrate vital motor qualities and skills in everyday life. Often it is with this level of preparedness in physical education that yesterday's schoolchildren become today's students, not to mention the fact that all health deviations that appeared in childhood are more often aggravated over the years.

Considering all of the above, we conducted research as part of the teaching of the discipline "Physical Education (elective discipline)". In our experiment, first-year students of St. Petersburg State University of Economics took part.

A preliminary survey of female students showed that the leading positive motives for attending physical education classes for them are: the desire to improve the figure - 87%, the desire to maintain health - 10%, the need to get a credit - 3%. 60.1% of respondents wished to regularly attend physical education classes, in

At the same time, 39.9% of first-year students indicate a lack of interest in physical culture.

The choice of the majority of female students involves the use of modern fitness technologies in physical education classes: preference is given to fitness - 41.2%, callanetics - 40.5%, aerobics -32.4%; aqua aerobics - 25%.

When forming motor programs within the framework of elective courses in physical culture, we used modern physical culture and health technologies, given that female students prefer exercises related to music, plasticity, and artistry. The use of dance exercises in health-improving training plays a big role in preventing and relieving stress, psycho-complexes, in general mental health improvement, which is so necessary during intense mental work of students. A variety of exercises, constant updating of logically structured programs, a high emotional background of classes allow you to effectively solve most of the tasks of physical education in the formation of the relevant general cultural competencies.

In our research, within the framework of the elective course in physical culture, first-year students of St. Petersburg State University of Economics studied using the means of physical culture and health technologies: in the control group (CG), basic aerobics exercises were mainly used; female students of the experimental group (EG) were engaged in exercises including dance types of aerobics, callanetics, stretching, Pilates, and yoga. The experiment was carried out during a semester (four months). Group sessions were held twice a week as part of the hours of classes on “ Physical culture(elective discipline)". The cycle of classes ended with participation in the aerobics festival.

To assess the formation of competencies in the discipline, a fund of assessment tools is created, which is a set of control and measuring materials (assessment tools) and methods for their use, designed to determine the level of achievement by the student of the established learning outcomes.

When creating a fund of evaluation funds during classes exercise an effective system of monitoring physical fitness and development, physical health of students is needed, the results of which allow the student to determine his level of physical fitness and develop individual programs aimed at the correction and formation of a healthy lifestyle. To assess the level of physical fitness of students, exercises are used to demonstrate the main physical abilities: speed-strength endurance, static and dynamic strength, coordination, flexibility. These exercises should not differ significantly from

used in practice educational institutions to assess the level of physical fitness of graduates high school, as well as the standards of the TRP complex of the 5th and 6th stages (according to the age group).

At the first stage of our research, information was collected about the physical condition of female students, where it was revealed that the indicators of the manifestation of physical qualities do not correspond to the age-gender norm; vital capacity of the lungs (VC) is lower by 51.8% of the due value; indicators of the level of physical performance and physical condition correspond to low level.

Indicators of changes in the level of physical fitness as a result of the conducted pedagogical experiment are presented in the table.

Indicators of changes in the physical fitness of female students during the pedagogical experiment

Indicator Stages Groups Reliability

experimental X ± m intergroup

cop differences

EG n=26 CG n=28 1 R

Aerobic endurance - "step test" (times/min) Beginning 83.51±3.6 79.5±3.6 1.713 >0.05

End 86.1±2.0 81.5±2.4 0.651 >0.05

1=2.54; p>0.05 1=0.68; p>0.05

Strength endurance Beginning 32.0±1.9 31.7±1.9 0.102 >0.05

- “torso lift” End 37.3±1.7 36.3±1.6 0.414 >0.05

(times/min) 1=8.78; R<0,001 1=5,64; р<0,001

Strength endurance Beginning 21.7±1.7 20.5±2.3 0.420 >0.05

- “Bending of arms to the end 27.3±1.9 26.1±2.3 0.391 >0.05

lying emphasis” (times/min) 1=2.22; R<0,001 1=5,57; р<0,001

Forward bending flexibility (cm) Onset 12.3±1.4 13.7±1.6 0.643 >0.05

End 15.1±1.25 16.1±1.6 0.512 >0.05

1=12.88; R<0,001 1=4,16; р<0,001

In the experimental group, the strength endurance of the arm muscles improved by 28% (p<0,001) и мышц брюшного пресса на 16 % (р<0,001), гибкость увеличилась на 22,2 % (р<0,001). Показатели аэробной выносливости улучшились на 5,6 % (р>0,05).

In the control group, the strength endurance of the arm muscles improved by 27.6% (p<0,001) и мышц брюшного пресса на 14,5 % (р<0,001), гибкость увеличилась на 18 % (р<0,001). Незначительно изменились показатели аэробной выносливости (р>0.05), which is explained, in our opinion, by the short duration of the experiment.

As a result of conducting an elective course in physical culture with the use of physical culture and health technologies for one semester in the control and experimental groups

the level of physical fitness has changed in a positive direction.

To study the influence of experimental classes on the emotional background of female students, before and after classes, at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, answer forms were filled in to determine the self-assessment of reactive and personal anxiety.

The average indicator of personal anxiety in the groups of subjects was in the zone of average values ​​(36-37 points). Reactive anxiety of female students at the beginning and end of the pedagogical experiment before the start of the lesson in our studies was also in the range of average values ​​(36.9 and 37.1 points). This can be explained by a positive emotional attitude towards the upcoming health aerobics classes.

Indicators of reactive anxiety in the control and experimental groups in our experiment tend to decrease both during the lesson and during the experiment. In the experimental group, these improvements are more pronounced. We did not find statistically significant changes between the two groups, which we explain by the content of the classes, which are very similar in terms of their effect on the emotional and motor spheres of those involved.

According to Yu.L. Khanin, only by dividing the groups into high- and low-anxious ones can significant changes be revealed, when the means of physical education manage to optimize the emotional state of highly anxious students.

A survey of female students at the end of the experiment showed that 90% of the respondents improved their mood as a result of classes using physical culture and health technologies, 78% indicated an improvement in general well-being, 63% subjectively indicated body correction; the ability to move beautifully was influenced by classes in 56% of respondents; 41% acquired new knowledge about the basics of a healthy lifestyle and ways to maintain health, 12% of respondents acquired the ability to compose complexes for self-study. Most of the students with pleasure participated in the aerobics festival with a test combination, which proves the expediency of conducting the final control in the discipline "Physical culture (elective discipline)" in a competitive form.

Students who have mastered the elective course unanimously spoke in favor of the expediency of its introduction into the educational process of the university.

Thus, it can be argued that, thanks to the elective course in physical culture with the use of physical culture and health technologies, students have increased their level of physical fitness, improved their emotional state, forming specially directed competencies in the field of physical culture.

Bibliography

1. Reshetnikov N.V., Kislitsyn Yu.L. Physical culture: textbook. allowance for students Wednesdays. prof. textbook establishments. Moscow: Mastery, 2002. 152 p.

2. Arvisto M.A. On the role and nature of value orientations in sports activities // Society and sport: coll. scientific tr. M.: GTSOLIFK, 1976. S. 6-14.

3. Vengerova, N.N., Kudashova L.T. Kinesiology construct of an elective course in physical education in higher education // European Social Science Journal (European Journal of Social Sciences). 2016. No. 4. pp. 238-243.

4. Batarshev A.V. Basic psychological properties and personality self-determination: a practical guide to psychological diagnostics. St. Petersburg: Rech, 2005, pp. 44-49.

5. Khanin Yu.L., Bulanova G.V. Emotional well-being of students in sports and educational groups // Teoriya i praktika fiz. culture. 1979. No. 4.

Kudashova Lyudmila Timofeevna, Ph.D. ped. Sciences, Assoc., [email protected], mail.ru, Russia, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University of Economics,

Vengerova Natalya Nikolaevna, Ph.D. ped. sciences, prof., [email protected] ru, Russia, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University of Economics

FORMATION OF COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS WITHIN THE ELECTIVE COURSES

FOR PHYSICAL CULTURE

L.T. Kudashova, N.N. Vengerova

Problems in the content of the elective course on physical culture with the aim of forming the general cultural competencies of students are revealed. The method of organization of the elective course on physical culture in the university with the use of physical culture and health technologies is presented. It takes into account the level of physical preparedness and emotional state of the students involved and promotes the formation of specially directed competencies among female students.

Key words: competence, elective course for physical education, sports and health technology, physical development, physical fitness.

Kudashova Lyudmila Timofeevna, candidate of pedagogical sciences, assistant professor, [email protected], Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Saint Petersburg State University of Economics,

Vengerova Natalia Nikolayevna, candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor, [email protected], Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Saint Petersburg State University of Economics

A. A. Somkin, S. A. Konstantinov

"Elective courses in physical culture" as a motivational and value component in the studies of students in St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography

The formation of a sustainable need for constant and systematic physical education and the cultivation of the so-called "fashion for an active and healthy lifestyle" are the most important tasks of such academic disciplines as "Physical Education" and "Elective Courses in Physical Education" in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the federal state educational standard of higher education "3 plus" (FSES HE 3+), full-time students at the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television (SPbGIKiT) in the basic part of Block 1 "Disciplines (modules)" culture, the following academic disciplines are taught:

- "Physical culture" in the amount of 72 acad. h (4 pm - lectures; 4 pm - practical, seminar classes; 8 pm - self-study) in the first year;

- "Elective courses in physical culture" in the amount of 328 acad. h (practical studies) in the first-third courses.

"Elective courses in physical culture" suggest a gradual transition in SPbGIKiT from compulsory forms of training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves. As elective courses at the Department of Physical Education of SPbGIKiT students are offered:

Firstly, standard training sessions in accordance with the schedule (twice a week for two academic hours);

Secondly, various forms of sectional classes, which are focused on non-commercial sports of the highest achievements, physical culture and conditioning sports, applied disciplines, recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity, intellectual sports.

The so-called motivational-value component comes to the fore when organizing educational and sectional classes in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture", which should form in young people a positive emotional attitude to classes and a steady desire to apply, at the same time, quite conscious volitional efforts aimed at physical improvement of the individual. Consider the main forms of sectional studies at the department,

focused, among other things, on students who, due to their health, belong to a preparatory or special medical group.

1. Non-commercial elite sport means successful performance at high-level competitions, but without receiving significant financial rewards. For students of St. Petersburg State University of Cinematography and Technology specializing in wushu sanda martial arts, these are Russian championships, large and prestigious international tournaments, including in China, the “homeland” of this sport. Wushu Sanda is a combined martial art that incorporates the best techniques from Chinese martial arts. With a high level of training of the leading athletes-students of the institute in wushu sanda (technical, functional, physical, tactical), they are able, with a certain adaptation of the training process, to represent the combined team of the institute in various "related" disciplines - shock, wrestling and mixed martial arts.

2. Fitness-conditioning (or the so-called "mass") sport is a type of public (ordinary) sport, aimed mainly at physical culture and sports training, which contribute to the preservation of previously acquired (at school age) physical form with strictly regulated participation in competitions . Here, the target outcome of the activity is focused not on the maximum possible result, but on the level of physical and spiritual development necessary for each person to maintain his capacity and adequate health. At the same time, the time spent on classes is optimally minimized and does not interfere with the main socially necessary type of activity of a student receiving higher education. SPbGIKiT regularly organizes sectional classes in the following sports:

Sports games - volleyball, basketball, table tennis;

Martial arts - kickboxing, taekwondo, sambo, judo;

Athletic sports - arm wrestling and kettlebell lifting;

Cheerleading.

From the best students attending these sections, the combined teams of the Institute were formed, for which the main competitions are the Games of the higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg.

3. Applied disciplines. The problem of individual self-defense of a person in the conditions of a modern metropolis is currently becoming extremely relevant. Therefore, it is not accidental that the students (both boys and girls) who have no desire to re-

to train regularly to participate in competitions, sections in applied disciplines use:

Self-defense - based on the technique of traditional wushu schools;

KENPO - real hand-to-hand combat;

Aikido, including with the use of weapons;

Sgobbri is a system of so-called functional circuit training using exercises from various martial arts (boxing, taekwondo, judo, sports and combat sambo).

Classes in sections such as self-defense and aikido, as a rule, do not require students to develop their physical abilities at a high level and master complex techniques.

4. The next group of sections is conditionally united by recreational and rehabilitation forms of students' physical activity. In the process of training in these sections, physical exercises and some elements of sports are used in accessible and simplified forms to solve the following problems: maintaining and strengthening health; active, healthy recreation; switching to another type of activity; restoration of working capacity; organization of emotionally rich leisure; rehabilitation of students related to the state of their health to the preparatory and special medical groups.

For students who do not have deviations in their health, the fitness section is oriented. Fitness classes are held in the form of so-called "mixed classes" - meaning the presence of both aerobic and strength exercises that are present in the training program. A yoga section has been organized for students assigned to the preparatory and special medical groups based on the results of an in-depth medical examination (UMO). The first day of the week is a lesson for beginners (mostly first-year students) and those who, due to their health, belong to the preparatory or special medical group. The second day of the week is a lesson for students (M-M courses) with previous yoga experience, for example, in the first year.

5. Sections on intellectual sports - chess and checkers, - which students who have deviations in their health or are exempted from practical classes are guided to attend. From the best players, according to the results of control trainings, the combined teams of the institute in these sports are formed, which regularly participate in regional and city tournaments, as well as in the Spartakiad of higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg.

Thus, the introduction of a new FSES HE 3+ in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation and the allocation in block 1 -

the basic part of "Disciplines (modules)" - the subject "Elective courses in physical culture" in SPbGIKiT allowed to move from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health program; from compulsory training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves.

Bibliography

1. Kondakov V.L. Systemic mechanisms for designing sports and health technologies in the educational space of a modern university: monograph. - Belgorod: LitKaraVan, 2013. - 454 p.

2. Matveev L.P. Reflections on sports // Sports management. -2004. - No. 1. - S. 16-21.

3. Matveev L.P. General theory of sports and its applied aspects. - 4th ed., Rev. and additional - St. Petersburg: Lan, 2005. - 384 p.

4. Somkin A.A., Makarov O.R. The development of mixed martial arts "wushu sanda" in a non-specialized higher educational institution // Current state and prospects for the development of psychology and pedagogy: coll. articles of the International scientific and practical. conf. (February 28, 2015, Ufa). - Ufa: Aeterna, 2015. - S. 165-170.

V. G. Sotnik

Modernization of teacher education in the Russian Federation

In the 21st century, the Russian education system is undergoing dramatic changes.

In the Russian Federation, a number of regulatory documents have been adopted (a new law on education, federal state educational standards), in connection with which it became necessary to move from a knowledge-based educational paradigm to a competency-based one. Therefore, students are required to have considerable independence in the implementation of active cognitive activity.

What education will be like in the 21st century depends on the teacher, his life position, professionalism, and competence. Research competence in education is considered as the main component of the professional competence of a biology teacher.

The competence-based approach is considered by some authors as a kind of response to a problematic situation in education that arose as a result of the contradiction between the need to ensure the modern quality of education and the impossibility

Gnezdilov Mikhail Anatolyevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education, Kuzbass State Technical University. T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo [email protected]

The role of elective courses in physical culture in the formation of social competence and adaptability of university students

Abstract. In modern education, attention has increased to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. At the same time, the role of the university is to provide conditions for including students in activities in which the process of socialization does not proceed spontaneously, but purposefully. One of these conditions, the author of the article considers the collective form of organization of educational students' activities, in which, along with other disciplines, physical education plays an important role. In particular, the author refers to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Establishment, which speaks of the need for students to have the ability to use the methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities. The purpose of this article is to reveal the role of physical culture in the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. According to the author, one of the solutions to this issue is the introduction of elective courses in physical culture into the educational process, aimed at implementing individual and differentiated approaches to learning. The author argues that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in the educational process of the university allows you to create conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities, in which, on the one hand, the development of their independence, self-organization is carried out, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. Keywords: social competence of university students, adaptability, socialization, collective form of organization, team building, elective courses

Some social tension and the need to quickly respond to changing living conditions in Russia and the world explain the interest of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical science in the problem of personality socialization. In modern education, attention to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists in various professional fields has significantly increased. different from the former, former schoolchildren are faced with the problem of adaptation. In a higher educational institution, they are required to be more independent in mastering the educational material, the need to establish interpersonal relationships in the emerging team, while it is possible to completely or partially change the old life stereotypes and form new ones. This difficult period of adaptation of former schoolchildren to new conditions of education and interpersonal communication is complicated by their age crisis. The requirements for mastering the necessary level of social competence for modern students are set out in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the areas of undergraduate education. The most important role of the university in the implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational and Educational Establishment is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in such types of activities in which the process of socialization does not proceed spontaneously, but purposefully and contributes to the development of the ability of future specialists to effectively solve their goals and objectives.

One of the important conditions for the formation of social competence, in our opinion, is the collective form of organization of students' educational activities, in which, along with other disciplines that have this educational potential, physical education plays an important role. methods and means of physical culture to ensure a full-fledged social and professional activity (OK8). We believe that in the process of physical culture lessons one of the key abilities of socially competent specialists is formed - the ability to team building and interaction within the formed team. As an academic discipline, physical culture contributes to a long and rather complex process of forming social competencies through the use of team sports games as a means of physical education and the formation of certain groups according to students' sports preferences. But, it is worth noting that interaction and productive interpersonal communication in such groups is often complicated by the problem of differentiating the load and control standards, taking into account the type of constitution, the level of physical development and the state of health of students, their interests and needs. According to the results of the All-Russian sociological survey conducted among students of higher educational institutions in 2016, the most common activities in physical education classes are physical exercises (97.5%). Of the sports most often practiced are athletics (92.1%), outdoor and sports games (85.4%), gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics (72.8%). But it was found that the presented practiced sports do not meet the interests and needs of all the students surveyed. A significant part of the respondents noted that currently popular sports, new fitness areas are not practiced in the classroom. It was found that when organizing physical education in higher educational institutions, such forms of physical activity as hockey, shooting, handball, weightlifting, rugby, rounders, yoga, crossfit, swimming, table tennis, orienteering, which, according to the results of the survey, are the most attractive for students. It was also determined that a significant proportion of students who took part in the social survey are attracted by the performance of tasks on simulators (86%), the assessment of their body condition and performance (72.7%). Only 73.9% of students receive methodological justification of the material being studied in practical classes. When presenting theoretical material, computer technologies, visual aids, films and presentations and other additional materials are rarely used (23%). 48.8% of respondents are interested in presentations, 31.2% are interested in doing tasks on a computer. In general, about 80% of respondents are interested in all types of activities traditionally used in physical education classes. At the same time, regardless of the characteristics of the state of health, the majority of the students surveyed showed a fairly high motivation and their interest in improving the quality of physical education teaching. In our opinion , all the above problems activate the search for new approaches and forms of organization of the educational process in physical education classes. The solution to these problems, we believe, is the introduction of elective courses in physical culture into the educational process, aimed at the implementation of individual and differentiated approaches to learning. Elective courses are courses that contribute to the deepening of individualization and differentiation of education and are designed to satisfy the educational needs (interests, inclinations) of students. "Elective courses are the most important means of building individual educational programs, as they are most connected with the choice of each student of the content of education depending on his interests, abilities and subsequent life plans" We believe that the introduction of elective courses makes it possible to increase the attractiveness of classes for students and, as a result, increase their cognitive and physical activity. Elective courses provide students with the opportunity to choose the optimal mode of training, a model of physical education, an interest group, taking into account their individual characteristics, both on the basis of traditional and modern sports areas (a group of general physical training, a section or a group in a particular sport) within the general schedule. Strengthening the gaming and competitive components of the classes allows you to develop general cultural competencies, the ability to organize effective communication, work in a team and ensure fair competition.

Classes in elective courses also involve a consistent and detailed methodological explanation of the technique of performing physical exercises and the subsequent effect, providing students with the opportunity to track these effects together with the teacher and independently, including assessing the state of their body and working capacity during the lesson. Active use of modern information and computer technologies in the implementation of elective courses, the use of active and interactive methods of work, interactive electronic teaching aids of a new generation, multimedia visual materials, analysis of sports news and current trends in the field of physical culture and sports create conditions for increasing the efficiency of mastering the theoretical part of the program. Of course, it must be taken into account that the introduction of elective physical education courses into the educational process of the university will require the modernization of the sports infrastructure and ensuring its compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, the improvement of locker rooms and showers, and the equipping of sports facilities with the necessary modern inventory and equipment. In general, elective courses are focused on learning, which is based on the social needs of society, the ability to use the acquired competencies in everyday and professional activities, the development of professionally significant qualities and skills, such as dedication, concentration on the process, self-control and endurance. Elective courses in physical culture are focused on compiling individual sets of exercises to meet their own needs for physical improvement, developing an individual daily regimen and a balanced diet, selecting recommendations for strengthening immunity through physical culture and sports, forming a healthy lifestyle that will give positive results in future professional activities. So, the acquired in the process of physical culture lessons, knowledge, skills and abilities (within the framework of elective courses) will allow students to further take into account the individual characteristics of physical, gender and age development, apply them during regular independent physical education and sports, and create an individual regimen of physical exercises with different directions. The implementation of elective courses in physical culture at the university makes a significant contribution to the formation of universal human values ​​and a healthy lifestyle for students, strengthening their health and preventing bad habits. We believe that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in the educational process of the university allows you to create conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities, in which, on the one hand, their independence, self-organization is developed, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction is carried out in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. The introduction of elective courses becomes an effective organizational and pedagogical condition for stimulating the socialization of students through physical and sports activity and contributes to both cognitive and motor activity of students, being an important condition in achieving personally significant needs, maximum results in physical and personal improvement.

References 1. Afanasiev V. V., Vasilyeva M. A., Kunitsyna S. M., Feshchenko T. S. Principles of organizing the system of specialized education // Education and science in modern conditions: materials of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Cheboksary: ​​CNS Interactive Plus, 2016.–No. 3 (8). -FROM. 3543.2. On the approval and implementation of the federal state educational standard of higher professional education in the direction of training 150700 Mechanical engineering (qualification (degree) "bachelor"): Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated November 9, 2009 No. 538 (as amended on May 18, 2011) // Portal of the Federal state educational standards. –URL: http://fgosvo.ru. –[Accessed 09.03.2017].3.Osokina E.S., Levan T.N., Zudin A.B., Aksenova E.I., Gotskaya A.I., Degtyareva T.O. involvement of students in classes on the subject (discipline) "Physical culture": Information and analytical materials. SPb.: NIC ART, 2016. 342 p.4. Korshunova O. S., Roleder L. N. Elective courses in physical education in universities, prospects and opportunities // Young scientist. –2016. – No. 23. P. 558560.5. Profile training: Normative legal documents. M.: TTs Sphere, 2006. 96 p.

Sections: Sports at school and children's health

The program of the elective course in physical culture “OFP” was developed for students of grade 9 of the profile level, taking into account the physical development of students, the possibilities of the sports base and based on the requirements for students graduating from basic general education and is designed for 34 hours or 1 hour per week.

Purpose: to increase the motor activity of students, the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, the general improvement of the body.

• to teach the student how to creatively apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain a high level of physical and mental performance, health status, improve the formed competencies;
• improvement of specific motor actions, development of motor abilities, formation of skills to train independently and carry out physical culture and health and sports activities; ?
• enable the student to realize his interest in the subject;
• clarify the readiness and ability of the student to master the chosen subject at an advanced level;
• create conditions for preparing for the elective exam in the subject “Physical Education”;
• to enable students to use the acquired knowledge in their future life and practical activities.

The methodological basis of this program of the elective course is the Educational standards of basic general education in physical education (basic and profile level).

The system of arrangement of the material, the completeness of the presentation of information, the nature of the selection of material are aimed at achieving the educational, educational, informational goals outlined in the State Standard: to improve health, promote harmonious development, acquire the necessary knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports, promote the education of moral and volitional qualities, development of mental processes and personality traits.

The material and technical base of the school makes it possible to include classes in the following sports into the designated course: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics, shaping.

This work program is a type 2 program, since the number of hours allotted for the development of educational material differs significantly from that in the program of the authors V.I. Lyakh and A.A. Zdanevich. In addition, in the proposed program, the educational material is supplemented with such sections as "Table Tennis" and "Shaping", and the material of the section "Basics of knowledge about physical culture" is studied in the context of a particular sport and is of key importance in the applied nature of this elective course.

1. Fundamentals of knowledge

• features of the development of the chosen sport;
• pedagogical, physiological and psychological bases of teaching motor actions and education of physical qualities, modern forms of building classes and systems of physical exercises with different functional orientations;
• biodynamic features and content of physical exercises of a general developmental and corrective orientation, the basics of their use in solving problems of physical development and health promotion;
• age-related features of the development of leading mental processes and physical qualities, the possibility of forming individual traits and personality traits through regular physical education;
• psychofunctional features of one's own organism;
• individual ways to control the development of the adaptive properties of the body, improve health and improve physical fitness;
• ways of organizing independent physical exercises with different functional orientations, rules for the use of sports equipment and equipment, principles for creating the simplest sports facilities and grounds;
• rules of personal hygiene, prevention of injuries and provision of first aid during physical exercises.

2. Athletics

• Running at a steady pace: 20-25 minutes. (boys), 15–20 min. (girls);
• Running at a variable pace: 10-15 minutes.

3. Sports games:

Volleyball

• player stances and movements;
• passing the ball;
• bottom feed;
• receiving the ball after serving;
• two-sided game;
• direct attack;
• single blocking.

Basketball

• standing, moving, stopping, passing and catching the ball;
• dribbling with the right and left hand;
• throwing the ball one and two from a place and on the move.

4. Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics

• vault with legs bent;
• acrobatics: rolls back; stand on the shoulder blades, turns to the side; two somersaults forward; jump up bending over.

5. Table tennis

• movement;
• hitting and serving left and right;
• direct blows with rotation;
• Single player game.

6. Shaping

• general impact exercises;
• exercises for the abdominal muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the back;
• exercises for the gluteal muscles;
• exercises for the abductor muscles of the thigh;
• hip extensor muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle;
• development of various muscle groups with a change in dosage in terms of time, quantity and intensity of exercise.

Requirements to prepare students:

At the end of the study program of the course "PPP", students must demonstrate the following knowledge :

Features of individual physical culture and sports;

Basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle;

Fundamentals of sports hygiene;

Dosage of individual physical culture and sports.

Motor skills and abilities:

Technically correct to perform the basic movements in the proposed sports;

Demonstrate the performance of an individually designed set of general physical training exercises.