How to independently find a place for drilling a well in a summer cottage - effective ways. How to find water for a well on the site Where to get water on the site
Only specialists can determine the exact location for mounting an autonomous source of water supply. But if the territory is already inhabited, equipped, then their work will create many difficulties for the owner, and first of all, the need to use equipment.
In addition to the fact that it still needs to be driven somehow (dismantling part of the fence, possibly cutting down several bushes), you will have to put up with the fact that the drilling rig will excavate at several “control” points, that is, move around the site.
How to minimize all these difficulties and independently find water for a well, using only the simplest devices, by what signs, visually, you can determine its presence in the soil, relying entirely on the centuries-old experience of ancestors - the reader will be able to learn about all this from the proposed review of simple, including folk methods and techniques.
Searching for water using technical means
Aneroid barometer
It is these devices that belong to the category of household. The prefix "aneroid" (dr / Greek) means anhydrous. The presence of an underground horizon (the results will be approximate) is determined by comparing pressure measurement data at different points. The use of a barometer is possible only if there is any body of water near or on the site. Artificial (for example, a pond, a well) or natural - there is no fundamental difference.
Measurement technique
The first is carried out at an open source, the second - at the point where drilling is supposed. It is generally accepted that 1 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to 13 m. Therefore, if the difference in the readings of the device is, for example, 0.8, then the water in the selected place lies approximately 13 m x 0.8 = 10.4 m below the level of the reservoir.
dowsing method
It has long been known and effective way to search for water. There are many types of devices and techniques. When searching on your own, it is better to use 2 curved wires - aluminum or copper (it is somewhat more difficult to work with a frame, a vine and some other "devices"). Their shape is clear from the figure:
In each hand, one. In order for them to rotate freely, they are placed in tubes, which simultaneously act as handles (holders). Even a hollow elderberry will do (as an option, a cut of reeds or the like), if it is on or near the site.
Search technology
The horizontal parts of the bars should be parallel to the ground.
The scheme of movement through the territory - any. The main thing is to find the point where the wires change position and intersect. This place should be noted (for example, put a peg), and from it to continue the search. Moving in different directions, you can determine the configuration of the underground horizon and find the area where the water comes closest to the surface. In this place, the wires will behave as actively as possible. It is here that it is desirable to drill.
The video will explain all the moments of dowsing in more detail:
But if it is in this place that it is not very convenient to equip a well - in terms of excavation, laying routes (water supply, electric / pump power supply), from the point of view of operation and maintenance? For this, it is necessary not to be too lazy and explore the entire territory with drawing up a diagram of the location of the water "vein" on it. It will make it easier to decide on the choice of the most suitable point for drilling.
Dishes
In principle, any, for example, a glass jar, will do, although our ancestors always used a clay pot. Any container before setting up the experiment must be completely dry from the inside!
Option number 1 - put the dishes over a pre-selected place. Check in a day. If its walls are foggy (condensate has appeared), then there is water in the soil.
Option number 2 - a vessel and some substance characterized by intense moisture absorption are used. For example, table salt, silica gel (available for sale; at a price of 50 - 55 rubles / kg), a piece of brick (silicate). The selected "absorber" of the liquid is loaded into a container, which is wrapped in a dense cloth and buried in the ground (shallow, enough for 40 - 50 cm).
The next day, the degree of saturation of the backfill with moisture is checked. Silica gel (depending on the brand) changes color, the salt darkens (and you can check by touch whether it is dry or wet).
In order to more accurately determine the saturation, before placing the vessel in the ground, it is necessary to preliminarily weigh it (together with the desiccant). The same - and after digging. Comparison of the results allows us to draw certain conclusions.
On a note! If several “points” are pre-selected, where the horizon can supposedly be, then in order to speed up the diagnostics of the site, it makes sense to make several such experimental “bookmarks”. In the place where the absorption of moisture by the material is more intense, drilling should be carried out. The condition of the experiment is that in each of the vessels there must be the same "absorber". That is, either salt is everywhere, or only silica gel, and so on.
Option number 3 - cover the selected segment for a day with a polyethylene film, pressing down the edges of a piece of polyethylene (for example, with bars). The appearance of abundant condensate from the inside indicates that there is no error - there is water below.
How to find water visually
By evaporation
If there are deposits of aquifers in the ground (), then a haze of fog forms over these segments of the territory in the morning. It can rise like a “pillar” or swirl - this is not the main thing. By the density of the "cloud" one can judge the approximate volumes of the horizon and the depth of its occurrence. The closer it is to the surface, the thicker the fog will be.
By terrain configuration
In the lowlands, the probability of groundwater is much higher than in the plains.
Vegetation
Everyone knows that all representatives of the flora are divided into various categories, including on the basis of their "relationship" to water. One needs a lot of it, and they need abundant watering, others manage with the minimum that nature provides. Therefore, under natural conditions, they grow in those places where their “recharge” with moisture from the soil is quite sufficient.
First of all, you need to carefully look at the weed grass on the site, especially since it will provide information not only about the water reserves in the soil, but also about the approximate depth of its location. Each locality has its own flora, and all the necessary information can be found on the Internet. It suffices to give only a few examples based on the most common plants in most of the Russian Federation.
On a note! These methods provide only approximate data on the presence of water on the site. More precise conclusions can only be drawn by comparing the results of several different "studies". Before making a final decision on the feasibility of drilling at a particular point, it is necessary to carry out a whole range of survey activities using at least 3-4 different methods. This will greatly improve the accuracy of the forecast.
A few notes
The search for water must be meaningful, otherwise much of the work will be done in vain. It is impossible to give an exact, unambiguous recommendation for determining the location of drilling a well in the presentation “right here” for several reasons, since all areas are different.
- Firstly, the configuration of underground horizons is influenced by the composition of the soil, the terrain.
- Secondly, the intensity of their filling, the volume of water reserves depends on the characteristics of the climate.
- Thirdly, remoteness from natural reservoirs (lake, river).
- Fourth, the specifics of the territory. For example, large-scale construction deployed near the site can greatly change the geometry of the underground horizon. Its characteristics are also influenced by the location of roads in the district, adjacent sections (their number, purpose, and so on).
The diagrams below give only a rough idea of the underground aquifers.
This can be guided by those owners whose plots are located near natural reservoirs or in the so-called "mesopotamia".
But having such general information, it is possible with a high probability to determine the optimal place for drilling a well. The fact that the first time you may not be able to "hit" will not complicate the task too much. Understanding the features of the location of horizons, their configuration, the number of test drilling will be reduced to a minimum.
Not every layer of water is suitable for installing a well in it. Only knowledge of their characteristics will help to properly equip an autonomous water supply system.
"Verkhovodka"
She goes deep. It can only be used for irrigation and other household / needs. It is not recommended for cooking, as the water in this layer (and this is mainly precipitation, the result of snow melting) is not sufficiently filtered. In addition, there is a risk of sewage penetrating this horizon (for example, due to defects in the sewer system).
ground water
They are more refined, and it is up to this level that the so-called limestone wells, pits for wells, are drilled.
artesian layer
The highest quality (in terms of chemical / composition of water), but also the deepest. It can lie at a level of 70 m or more. unreal.
A well is the simplest hydraulic structure. This is a profitable option for organizing water supply if there is no centralized highway nearby. Minimal construction costs, convenient operation, constant access to water - the advantages are many. But how to find water on the site for a well in order to build a productive source? This problem has been solved for a long time.
Until now, proven “old-fashioned methods” have been successfully used, and in recent decades even more reliable methods and even special devices for finding water have appeared. Each site owner can choose an acceptable method or use several. This will help to determine with absolute accuracy where it is best to dig a well.
Underground water search frames
Classification and properties of aquifers
There may be 2-3 aquifers on the site. They are loose rocks that bind and retain moisture that seeps from the surface during rains, floods, and snowmelt. Aquifers are located on impermeable rocks and may have different sources of nutrition. The deeper the horizon lies, the cleaner and better the water in it.
There are several types of groundwater:
- Soil. This is the topmost layer (usually 4-6 m). It accumulates atmospheric moisture. Horizon power sources are precipitation, floods, river floods.
- Ground. The horizon lies at a depth of the first layer of waterproof rock - 9-18 m, suitable for the construction of a drinking well.
- Interstratal. Wells are drilled on this horizon. The depth varies from 20 to 40-50 m.
- Artesian. The aquifer is the cleanest and most abundant, but it is not suitable for building a well, because. its depth can reach 40-200 m.
Information about the depth of the aquifers is necessary to determine the quality of the water. Shallow layers are often contaminated with pesticides, human waste products, and pathogenic bacteria. Such water is used only for technical purposes. For drinking and cooking, it must be carefully filtered, boiled.
Sometimes the first aquifer lies quite shallow - 2-2.5 m from the surface. If the future well is intended for watering the garden, then this is a great option, but you can’t drink from it. Even for domestic and household needs, it is desirable to pass water from such a source through a coarse filter.
Diagram of the location of aquifers
How to find a place for a well in folk ways
How to find a place to dig a well? The most reliable way is to contact specialists who, for relatively little money, will find a suitable aquifer. This is desirable, but not at all necessary, because you can handle it yourself.
There are several folk signs by which you can find an aquifer that lies close to the surface. Some types of plants indicate the proximity of moisture. Also often use a vine or special frames. These devices can be made independently.
Choosing a place for a well with a vine
How to determine the depth of the vein
Places where moisture comes very close to the surface can be identified by simple signs:
- Fog. If there is an area on the site over which fog appears, then this is a sure sign of high humidity. It is worth watching either in the evening before sunset, or in the early morning. It is best to view the site at dawn, when the foggy haze can be seen most clearly. If the fog is thick, then the aquifer is not deep at all.
- Midge. Small midges swarm where they feel moisture. If it is noticed that they prefer a certain place on the site, it is worth digging a well here.
- Herbs. Moisture-loving plants grow only where they can get enough water from the soil. It is worth paying attention to whether there are nettles, coltsfoot, wild sorrel on the site.
- Trees. Certain types of trees - alder, beech, willow, birch - can also be reliable indicators. But apple and cherry trees, on the contrary, feel bad in places where aquifers are close.
Scheme: how to find water for a well by plants
Animals - assistants in the search for groundwater
If field mice live on the site, the location of their nests can help with finding a place for a well. For example, if voles settle right on the ground, then the aquifers are deep in the soil. These animals avoid high humidity. If they build nests on the lower branches of trees and shrubs, then moisture is close to the surface.
Poultry can also indicate where to dig a well. So, chickens never rush in damp places, but geese specifically look for the wettest areas to build a nest. If the domestic goose rushes in the same place, this is a sure signal that at least one aquifer lies nearby. Most often, geese look for vein intersections.
In the summer heat, animals try to find the coolest zones. If the horse starts kicking and the dog digs a hole, this is probably the wettest spot on the lot. If the animals dig small holes in the soil and lie down in them, then a well can also be built here. The water in it will be of poor quality, but it will do for watering the garden and technical needs.
Dogs seek cool places
Dowsing method: vine and aluminum frames
How to choose a place for a well on a site, the vine or frames will tell. Dowsing is considered one of the oldest ways to find aquifers. It cannot be called absolutely reliable, but in many cases this method is effective. For dowsing, either tree branches or aluminum frames are used.
Production and application of dowsing frames
How to make frames for finding water? They are easy to make with your own hands. To do this, you will need two pieces of aluminum wire of the same length (about 40 cm each) and a tube cut from elder or other suitable material.
Work order:
- Pieces of wire are bent at a right angle so that one side is 15 and the other 25 cm.
- The short ends insert a tube cut from a branch of a tree or shrub. The ideal option is elderberry, but options are possible. A metal tube will also work.
- The wire does not need to be fixed, it should rotate freely in the tube, but not fall out of it.
Using this device is very simple. The frames are taken in both hands and slowly pass through the site. If both frames turn in the same direction, then turn there. Where the aquifer is close to the surface, the frames will come together. As soon as the vein is passed, they will again disperse to the sides. So you can determine the area suitable for arranging the well.
Video: how to make a frame for finding water
How to choose a place for a well: modern methods
To search for water, a variety of methods are used - from digging salt into the ground to using instruments. They allow you to determine not only the presence of an aquifer, but sometimes even the depth at which it can occur.
Option #1: glassware
Soil moisture can be determined using glassware. An ordinary three-liter jar will do. It is placed with its neck on the ground in a place where the presence of a closely located vein is assumed, and left for the night. If condensation appears on the glass in the morning, you can dig a well.
The method will be effective only if there was no rain for several days before and the earth dried out well. It can be used during periods of extreme heat and drought. Based on the amount of condensate, assumptions are made about the depth of the water.
Option #2: Moisture Absorbent Materials
You can use substances that absorb moisture well. Most often, rock salt, building red brick or silica gel are chosen. Brick before use is crushed to a state of crumbs. The silica gel is further dried in an oven. The total volume of the desiccant should be about two liters. It is poured into an open clay pot.
The vessel, together with the contents, is weighed on high-precision scales, after which it is wrapped with several layers of gauze and buried in the soil by about 0.5 m. It must stay underground for at least a day. After the required period has elapsed, the pot is carefully dug out, the gauze is removed and weighed again.
If the weight of the vessel differs, it means that the moisture-absorbing materials have absorbed moisture from the soil. The greater the difference between the indicators, the closer to the surface is the spring vein. It is believed that the efficiency of this method reaches 60-65%.
Option #3: Barometer readings
If there is an open body of water near the site, then a barometer can be used to determine the depth of underground formations. With its help, the pressure is determined on the shore of the reservoir, and then they go to the place where they assume the presence of a close aquifer, and again take measurements.
Each 0.1 mm of mercury indicates 1 m of reservoir depth. For example, if the first measurement gave 545.5 mm, and the second 545.1 mm, then the spring vein is located about 4 m from the surface of the earth. The search for water with the help of instruments gives better results than the "old-fashioned" methods.
Schematic diagram of the aneroid barometer
Option #4: groundwater search device
There are special devices for searching for water underground. The device of domestic production "Pulse", which measures the electric field that is created by groundwater, has proven itself well. With the help of "Pulse" you can even determine the potential productivity of the future source.
The water finder is easy to use. Its electrodes are buried in the ground by 10 cm in a place where the presence of a vein is assumed. If the meter readings change, then water is nearby. The higher the score, the stronger the aquifer.
The owners themselves determine how to find a place for a well on the site, choosing the most affordable way. All methods have their drawbacks, and they are not always reliable. If you want to make sure that the place for the well is chosen correctly, carry out exploratory drilling with an ordinary garden drill. Better yet, contact the experts. They will help you choose the perfect location for your well.
Structure of aquifers. Traditional and modern methods of exploration work. The choice of the method of searching for water, depending on the goals of the consumer. Areas where wells cannot be built.
Where to look for water for a well
The search for water consists in finding special formations underground, consisting of two layers of clay and sand between them, which retains moisture. The loose layer can reach a depth of tens of meters and occupy vast areas. The greatest amount of moisture is not in the horizontal layers, but in their breaks and bends. In such places, lakes with a large supply of liquid are formed.
Consumers try to find aquifers at a depth of more than 10-15 m. At this distance from the surface there is liquid for irrigation, washing and other needs. In some cases, they even drink it.
High-quality water for cooking, enriched with minerals and salts, lies deeper than 30 m. It should be noted that the legislation allows the construction of a well with a depth of no more than 20 m. If the water layer is lower, make a project and obtain permission from the regional services and the local government architect . Therefore, in your area, it is recommended to search closer to the surface, where water is easier to find and can be extracted without certificates.
Underground layers that repeat the terrain are considered successful for wells. Rain streams flow from the hills to the lowlands, from where they rise to the level of the aquifer, already cleaned.
- Closer than 30 m from toilets, manure heaps, animal sheds, and other similar places.
- Closer than 5 m from the foundation of the building.
- Closer than 300 m from sedimentation tanks and chemical plants.
- Closer than 100 m from industrial waste dumps.
- Near neighboring areas where drains can enter your well.
- In the lowlands of the slopes of beams, ravines, as well as in the lowest part of the site. It is allowed to dig a mine anywhere on the slope, if its angle does not exceed 3 degrees. In other cases, the source should be at the very top of the allotment. Such an arrangement will help to avoid flooding of the spring after rain or melting snow and the ingress of substances that can harm a person into the mines. If the aquifer is located in such a place, you will have to build a drainage system.
- Do not look for water where the well will interfere with the passage to the house, driveway, gardening, etc.
- Near trees with a strong root system.
- Near power lines.
- In thickets of bushes and trees. So that the fruits and leaves do not create a problem in the operation of the well, they need to be cut down within a radius of 5-10 meters, which not everyone will like.
- Do not look for water in the basement of the house either. There will be problems with pumping out the technical fluid and installing a submersible pump, which requires high ceilings.
Water Search Techniques
The process of searching for liquid can be called an art, which in the old days was possessed only by true masters of this business. Currently, modern technologies and special mechanical means are used to search for water in the area for the well, which allow solving the problem without resorting to geological exploration. Consider the most popular methods to determine the location of aquifers with high probability.
exploration drilling
It is one of the most reliable search methods. Be sure to drill test wells in cases where the owner needs drinking water, i.e. plan to dig or drill a very deep shaft. Experienced drillers never choose where to drill and offer to build a well where it is convenient for the owner. Thus, they confirm that water is everywhere, but the well can be very deep.
For work, you will need a garden drill with a special handle that can be extended. The optimal diameter of the working tool is 30 cm.
The presence of water is determined already after 2-3 m, when wet sand appears. Every 20-30 cm it is recommended to remove the drill and clean it. Drill several wells in the area. To build a mine, choose one of them, which will have the maximum debit.
If you change your mind about building a well-mine, install a casing pipe, filter and pump in the well, and you can start pumping water.
Inspection of the source at the neighbors
The presence of a well at the neighbors means that you will also be able to dig it. Your acquaintances may have invited geologists to survey the site before construction, and these results will help you choose a site.
When examining an existing spring, find out characteristics such as:
- Well depth.
- The height of the water column.
- level constancy. If it changes periodically, you need to dig deeper.
- Barrel design and type. Build your well taking into account the experience of performing work in the area.
Dowsing for water search
Dowsing has long been used to find water for a well. This method is based on the theory that the underground fluid has magnetic properties, just like the human body.
For this purpose, find a V-shaped wicker and dry it. Diluted branches should be at an angle of 150 degrees. Flyer is also cut from hazel, viburnum and cherry. With this frame, you can define the boundary between the structures of different rocks, which indicates the close occurrence of aquifers.
To search, grab the branches with your hands, set the trunk to the horizon and slowly walk around the site. Conduct reconnaissance in the morning from 6.00 to 7.00, in the afternoon from 16.00 to 17.00 and in the evening from 20.00 to 21.00. In the place where fluid accumulates, the barrel will tilt. However, the branches can feel the top water, which cannot be drunk, therefore, after dowsing, it is recommended to dig an exploratory well and do an analysis of the liquid.
Modern craftsmen know how to find water in a well area using an aluminum wire frame. You need to act as follows:
- Cut 2 pieces of wire 400mm long.
- Bend 100 mm of each piece strictly at right angles.
- Pick 2 sprigs of elderberry, remove the core and insert the short side of the wire inside.
- Take a wired elderberry branch in each hand. Press your elbows to the body. The wires should be like a continuation of the hands.
- Holding them lightly, effortlessly, walk first from north to south, and then from east to west. If the rods turned in one direction, then there is an aquifer.
- Above the watercourse, the frames will begin to move and intersect, leave a mark in this place on the ground. After passing the fault, the elements will turn in opposite directions. Walk over the mark again, but in a perpendicular direction. If the wires cross again, there is a high probability that an aquifer is underground.
- The movement of the vine does not necessarily indicate the presence of water at a given location. There may be a junction of various soils underground, or a large diameter pipe has been laid in this place. Many errors occur near populated areas, where there are numerous underground utilities.
- The frame does not respond to a large aquifer evenly distributed over the area.
- The presence of water in the area must be confirmed by other dowsers. If their conclusions are contradictory, digging a well is not recommended.
- The reliability of the method is only 50%.
barometric method
It is known that a reading of 0.1 mm Hg corresponds to a height difference of 1 m, so a barometer is sometimes used to search for water.
To do this, go to a nearby pond and write down its readings. Then fix the readings of the device in the place of interest to you. By their difference, determine how deep the water is. For example, if it is 545.5 mm near the river and 545.1 mm in the area, then the difference of 0.4 mm indicates that the liquid is at a depth of 4 m.
This method allows you to find water with an accuracy of 80-85%.
Use of desiccants
The method is based on the property of certain substances to actively absorb moisture. For these purposes, you will need silica gel in granules - a free-flowing substance that is used to reduce the level of moisture in enclosed spaces or containers. You also need a simple, carefully dried clay pot.
Perform the following operations:
- Dry the indicator in the oven.
- Pour 1 liter of loose mass into a pot.
- Weigh the container and record the result.
- Wrap it in a thick cloth and bury it in the ground in the place of interest to you.
- Dig up in a day and weigh the pot again.
- Determine how much the mass of the container has increased.
- Repeat the procedure on the other area.
- Compare the change in the weight of the indicator in different places. Where the mass of silica gel has increased more, the water is located closer to the surface.
Instead of silica gel, dry salt or crushed red brick is poured.
To find aquifers, it is allowed to use an empty clay pot. Dry it and install upside down. In a day, inspect the internal cavity of the container. Severe fogging is a sign of the close occurrence of water.
Exploring the landscape
You can find a place where water is close to the surface by obvious natural signs. However, they signal perch water, which is not always suitable for cooking.
Pay attention to such points:
- At higher elevations, aquifers are very deep.
- Do not look for veins near natural lakes and quarries.
- There will also not be a positive result near large plantings of acacias and beech.
- The desired areas can be identified in the summer at dawn by the fog that gathers over the place of interest to us. The denser the atmospheric phenomenon, the less you have to dig.
- Sedge, flush, coltsfoot, alder always grow above aquifers.
- A good sign of the proximity of the liquid are birches. On wet ground, they look unsightly - low, twisted, with a knotty trunk.
- If the trunks of alder, willow and birch are strongly inclined to one side, then that is where the moisture is close to the surface.
- The presence of thickets of nettle, sorrel, hemlock on the site indicates wet soil.
- A pine or spruce grove suggests the opposite - the layer of interest to us lies very far from the surface.
- Some plants determine how deep the water is, but they must be wild and grow in large groups. Pay attention to the thickets of blackberries, bird cherry, lingonberries and buckthorn.
Observation of animals and insects
Rural residents know how to find water under a well according to the behavior of animals and insects:
- Small field rodents do not build nests in places where they can be flooded. In such cases, they settle on a hill or in trees.
- In extreme heat, the horse begins to beat the ground with his hoof over the place where the level of humidity is maximum.
- Dogs burrow into slightly wet ground in the summer.
- The hen will not make a nest on the ground with high humidity.
- The goose, on the other hand, builds its nest above the spring.
- Midges accumulate in large numbers where there is evaporation.
All methods for finding water with your own hands only allow you to approximately indicate its location, so you should not rely on them too much. Before digging a well, it is recommended to drill an exploration shaft and do a fluid analysis. Absolutely exactly where the aquifer is located, only specialists can, but for this you will have to pay a lot of money.
Drilling a well in a suburban area will provide its owners with water required for personal purposes and irrigation. Own source will allow you to build an independent water supply. However, there are cases when the excavation of the working does not give results. How to avoid such "mistakes"? After all, the drillers will have to pay, even if there is no water.
We will tell you in great detail how to find water for a well. Let's get acquainted with all possible methods of searching for this mineral. Let's imagine technologies used on an industrial scale, and folk methods for determining the presence of underground water.
For a thorough study of the topic, we have collected and systematized noteworthy information available on the network. The information submitted for consideration is supplemented with photos, graphic illustrations and video reviews.
Before proceeding with the search for water under the well, it is necessary to fix the presence of such underground resources and determine what the depth of occurrence is in the selected section of the aquifer.
Groundwater is divided into three types depending on the location and depth of occurrence:
- Verkhovodka- lies within 2-5 meters from the surface. It is formed as a result of the filtration of precipitation. Due to the shallow occurrence, this type of water can fluctuate: either it rises after precipitation, or it decreases during the dry period.
- ground water- aquifers in sedimentary rocks, occurring approximately in the region of 8-40 meters from the surface. From above, they are protected by several layers of rocks, therefore they do not depend on the change of seasons. Sometimes they are in the depressions of the relief, they independently make their way through springs that supply tasty clean water.
- artesian waters- most often lie at a depth of more than 40 meters. They are distributed along cracks in rocky limestone. Water is characterized by the presence of mineral salts and the absence of clay suspension. The flow rate of artesian wells is quite stable.
The qualitative and quantitative parameters of the aquifer are of key importance.
Having your own water source on the site is a big advantage. Firstly, you will not be so dependent on the city utility service and in case of breakdowns you always have a fallback option. Secondly, during the irrigation season it is much more profitable to use free water from underground than city water. Read below for ways to find water on the site and take advantage of all the benefits.
Is water everywhere?
It may seem to a little knowledgeable city dweller that it is enough just to drill a well anywhere in the site and he will already have a ready-made well! Unfortunately, it is not.
The groundwater level at the site may not be sufficient for a well or well. Perhaps you will be able to use only the “top water” - the accumulation of precipitation and melt water at a distance of 2-5 meters from the surface. Such a source is not suitable for the whole year and can only be used for technical purposes.
To find not just water, but one that is suitable for all your needs, you will need to conduct a preliminary search for water for a well.
How to determine the groundwater level before construction? Pay attention to plants and wells nearby.
nature signs
Do you know how to find water on the site on your own? Knowledge of nature and observation of it helped our ancestors in this.
Plants
What plants in your area will show that there is water nearby? This:
- willow, alder or maple with a slope to one side;
- wild currant;
- spiraea;
- forest reeds, reeds;
- licorice naked;
- sorrel;
- sedge, nettle;
- goose cinquefoil, horsetail;
- blackberry;
- coltsfoot;
- cowberry;
- wild rosemary;
- bird cherry;
- buckthorn;
- bearberry;
- cattail;
- wormwood panicled, sandy;
- whose brilliant. st]
Insects
A large number of midges and mosquitoes indicates the proximity of groundwater. They need watery soil for reproduction.
Be careful! This area should not be rat and ant holes!
Pets
The behavior of dogs and cats can serve as another indicator of the proximity of water. Dogs usually try to avoid such areas, but cats, on the contrary, feel just fine on them! However, in hot weather, dogs also try to stay close to watery ground, so this is another important observation in finding water.
A horse in dry weather will find a source of water close to the surface and will beat its hoof in this place.
Domestic birds can also tell you the proximity of water: geese try to rush in such places, while chickens avoid them.
Fog and other folk omens
How to find water on the site with your observations and folk wisdom? Take a closer look at the surface of the earth in the evening. Creeping dense fog in the same specific place suggests the proximity of water. In the morning you will find more dew there than in other areas. It is desirable to carry out observations at least a week or two.
Advice! Don't waste your energy and time looking for water in hilly areas. It does not exist on the hills or its level of occurrence will be very deep.
If it seems to you that you have found an aquifer, then you can check this with a pot or jar. Turn them over and leave until the morning. If your suspicions are correct, then they will fog up.
Another sure sign of the proximity of groundwater is the rapid wetting of a beam of salt. This will happen even in dry weather.
Old-fashioned ways to find water: dowsing
The old-fashioned way, which has shown its high efficiency over many centuries, is dowsing or research with the help of a frame.
Everyone can try to apply this method, but a quick search for water on a site with high accuracy is available only to experienced specialists. You can test your own sensitivity with the help of a vine, a bridge and a stream under it. If you feel vibrations in front of the bridge, then you have high sensitivity. Some feel vibrations above the stream itself, others do not notice anything unusual at all.
Previously, to search for water with the help of a vine, branches of various trees (willows, apple trees, elderberries, cherries, hazels, mountain ash), split at an angle of 150, were used. She is held by the "horns" and where they point down, presumably there is water.
Now in dowsing it is customary to use 2 aluminum wires in the shape of the letter L for both hands. The small end is equal to the width of the dowser's palm, and the long end is 40 cm. A small part of the aluminum wire will need to be inserted into hollow wooden tubes that you will hold firmly with your hands. The aluminum tube should move freely in it. Where the wires or the ends of the split vine cross, there is water. Unfortunately, in some geographic latitudes, the efficiency of this method is about 50%, in others - 80-90%. Given the low cost, this is a very attractive way to search. It is advisable to use several expert opinions before drilling. If they diverge, then this may indicate a lack of water in the area.
Modern methods of finding water
Man perfects absolutely everything! Such a question, how to find water for a well in your area, could not be ignored due to its importance. The search method with the highest efficiency is exploratory drilling. Dehumidifiers and terrain surveys are also used.
Exploration drilling
Drilling pits and wells at a depth of up to 10 meters using a conventional garden drill will show not only the presence or absence of water, but also its depth, the presence of floating water, the quality and quantity of inflow, and the thickness of the soil. Unfortunately, the method is not very efficient. On average, for 4 wells, only 1 is with water.
Dehumidifiers
Modern granular desiccants are a great way to find groundwater cheaply. First, silica gel or other agent is thoroughly dried in an oven, then placed in an earthenware or glazed dish. After measuring and fixing the weight of the substance, wrap it with a dense cloth and bury it to a depth of 50 cm. After a day, you need to get the container and weigh the desiccant. The heavier it became, the more likely it is that groundwater is nearby.
This method should not be used during rainy seasons, so that rain moisture does not affect the study. The efficiency of the method is about 65%.
Terrain study
The search for water in the area for drilling a well can be done using a study of the relief. The method is based on knowledge of the occurrence of groundwater: they are concentrated in lowlands and depressions. Hills can hide water only at great depths.
The efficiency of the method is only about 40%.
It can be concluded that modern methods of finding water are not much more effective than in ancient times, with the help of a vine and observations. Which method to choose is up to you.
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