Rhodiola rosea - useful properties, use in traditional medicine, contraindications. Rhodiola rosea: properties and contraindications The chemical composition of Rhodiola rosea includes
Synonym: golden root.
Perennial herbaceous plant with a thick rhizome. It is used as a stimulant to increase physical, mental performance and immunity of the body.
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flower formula
Rhodiola rosea flower formula: *♂Ch4L4T∞P0; *♀Ch4L4T0P(5).
In medicine
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In medicine, rhizomes and roots of Rhodiola are used for neuroses. Preparations based on them normalize the excitatory and inhibitory processes of the central nervous system, improve the condition of patients, they become calmer, discomfort in the heart area disappears, blood pressure and sleep normalize, and appetite improves. The extract of rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea, produced by the pharmaceutical industry, is superior in effectiveness to many stimulants, for example, from lemongrass, eleutherococcus, aralia. At the same time, it has low toxicity, is not addictive and helps with diseases of the stomach, fibroadenoma, malaria, impotence, speeds up metabolism, enhances the functions of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and liver. The golden root stabilizes nitrogen metabolism, increases blood glucose levels, contributing to long-term energy conservation. It is recommended for patients with vegetovascular dystonia and hypotension. Also, preparations from Rhodiola rosea are recommended to be taken by healthy people in the form of tea with rapid fatigue and decreased performance, to restore strength after physical exertion and serious illnesses. Outwardly, the extract is used as a highly effective wound healing agent, as an ointment for pyorrhea, cuts, infusions for rinsing with infectious diseases of the throat.Contraindications and side effects
Rhodiola rosea root preparations are not recommended for use at elevated pressure or temperature, as well as with strong emotional arousal: emotions may intensify, and the drug will not have the desired effect. In this case, it is better to rest first, and then take a few drops of tincture or drink freshly brewed tea with golden root (Rhodiola rosea).
In cosmetology
Clinical medical studies have shown that Rhodiola extract has a positive effect on sensitive and aging skin. Creams with extracts of Rhodiola rosea have pronounced stimulating and adaptogenic properties. By slowing down the aging process, they increase the resistance and resistance of the skin to X-ray and ionizing radiation, toxic chemical compounds, pathogenic microorganisms, etc., stimulate metabolic processes in tissues and their regeneration, restore and tone the skin, improve cellular respiration, and also have an anti-inflammatory effect. . After applying cosmetics based on the golden root (Rhodiola rosea), the general condition of the skin improves, its aging slows down, the skin rejuvenates, dryness disappears, a feeling of comfort appears, and the level of depression decreases. Fragrant oil from the rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea is used in perfumery and cosmetology as tonic additives in creams, lotions and masks. In dermatology, radiola rosea is used orally for baldness, pustular skin diseases, psoriasis, lichen planus.
Sports nutrition
Rhodiola rosea is used in bodybuilding because of the high content of active ingredients - rhodosin and rhodiolyside, which are the strongest adaptogens.
In some countries, these substances are isolated in pure form and are available in tablets. They have a strong effect on striated muscle tissue, as well as on the heart muscle. Even after a single dose of Rhodiola, muscle strength and endurance increase.
In production
The rhizomes and roots of Rhodiola are used to produce non-alcoholic tonic drinks.
Classification
Rhodiola rosea (golden root, pink root) (lat. Rhodiola rosea), a species of the genus Rhodiola (lat. Rhodiola) of the Crassulaceae family (lat. Crassulaceae). Included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Botanical description
Rhodiola rosea is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thick rhizome, turning into a fleshy root. The rhizome is covered with exfoliating bark of a bronze-brownish-gray color. Non-branching straight stems, 25 to 65 cm high at the base, covered with scaly leaves. Stem leaves are green, alternate, sessile, elliptical or oblong, with an unevenly toothed margin or almost entire margin. Apical corymbose inflorescences grow at the ends of the stems. The plant is dioecious. Single-sex small four-membered flowers, collected in many-flowered corymbose inflorescences, have a yellow or greenish color. Rhodiola rosea flower formula - *♂Ch4L4T∞P0; *♀Ch4L4T0P(5).
Rhodiola fruits have reddish or yellow-green leaflets. The golden root (Rhodiola rosea) blooms in June-August, the fruits ripen in July-September. Propagated by seeds and pieces of rhizomes.
Spreading
It grows in the polar-arctic and alpine regions, in Altai, in the mountains of Kuznetsk Alatau, in the Urals, in the Irkutsk region, Transbaikalia, on the Chukotka Peninsula. Under natural conditions, it grows in the north of the European part of Russia and in Siberia. In the middle lane, it is successfully grown as a medicinal plant in suburban areas.
Distribution regions on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
Rhodiola rhizomes and roots are harvested from plants with more than 2 stems after seed maturation. The rhizomes, extracted and peeled from the ground, are washed in running cold water, then they are cleaned of exfoliated bark and rotten parts, and the stems are cut. Rhizomes are cut into fragments from 2 to 10 cm long and placed in dryers at a temperature of 50 - 60 ° C, or dried on a stove or in an oven. It is not recommended to dry the rhizomes in the sun. If you scrape the dried root, you can see the lemon-yellow color of the cork, at the break it is pinkish-brown, with a smell slightly reminiscent of the smell of a rose. The taste of dried rhizomes is bitter and astringent. After drying, the raw materials are stored in a dry, ventilated area for up to 3 years. After harvesting, this site is not used for 10-15 years.
Chemical composition
Rhodiola rosea roots and rhizomes contain flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, salidrosides, anthraglycosides, tannins (15.6%), organic acids - gallic, oxalic, succinic, citric, malic and lactone substances, essential oil and a large amount of manganese. The essential oil contains phenylethyl alcohol, P-phenylethyl acetate, cinnamic aldehyde and citral.
Pharmacological properties
Rhodiola rosea preparations normalize the activity of the central nervous system in case of vegetovascular dystonia, schizophrenia, neurosis, neurasthenia, hypotension, overwork. In case of an overdose, the opposite effect is observed - a decrease in efficiency, drowsiness. Rhodiola rosea has anti-tuberculosis and antitumor activity, increases the oxygen content in the cells of all organs and tissues, which in general determines its high therapeutic effect.
Medications
Rhodiola rosea extract: raw materials insist on 40% alcohol or vodka in a ratio of 1:1. Take 10 drops 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for 10-20 days.
Tincture: 50 g of crushed rhizomes are poured into 0.5 liters of 40% alcohol, insisted for 2 weeks in a warm, darkened room. Take 20-30 drops 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Tea: One teaspoon of crushed rhizomes is poured with 1 liter of boiling water, boiled for 10 minutes, infused at room temperature for 30-40 minutes and drunk 1-2 cups a day, adding sugar or honey to taste. Rhodiola tea tones the body and restores metabolism.
Application in traditional medicine
Folk healers advise taking Rhodiola rosea in the form of medicinal infusions for heart weakness, frequent colds, to relieve fatigue, increase efficiency, as well as for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, uterine bleeding and feverish conditions. Externally, a decoction and infusion of Rhodiola are used for seborrheic dermatitis, swelling, acne, sweating. In the form of lotions and rinses, they are used to smooth wrinkles on the face and neck. But most often, the golden root in everyday life among the peoples of Altai was used not in the form of tincture, but in the form of an aqueous extract - a healthy and tonic tea. A drink made from the golden root has excellent taste, has a very delicate pleasant aroma, reminiscent of the smell of a rose. Its taste is slightly astringent, and the color ranges from pinkish brown to deep crimson.
History reference
In ancient times, Chinese emperors equipped expeditions to the Altai for the Golden Root (Rhodiola rosea). In addition, entire detachments of smugglers were exclusively engaged in transporting this valuable drug across the border. Rhodiola rosea root was the greatest rarity and its price was several times higher than the price of gold. An old Altai proverb said: "Whoever finds the golden root will live 120 years, be healthy, rich and happy." In Altai, there were many legends around this plant, the places of growth were surrounded by secrets and were hidden from outsiders. And only relatively recently, in 1961, one of the expeditions of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences managed to find a golden root in the Altai mountain taiga.
Literature
- Blinova K.F. and others. Botanical-pharmacognostic dictionary: Ref. allowance / Ed. K. F. Blinova, G. P. Yakovlev. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 187. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0.
- Dudchenko L. G., Koziakov A. S., Krivenko V. V. Spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring plants: a Handbook / Ed. ed. K. M. Sytnik. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1989. - 304 p. — 100,000 copies. — ISBN 5-12-000483-0.
- State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. Eleventh edition. Issue 1 (1987), issue 2 (1990).
- State Register of Medicines. Moscow 2004.
- Zamyatina N.G. Medicinal plants. Encyclopedia of the nature of Russia. M. 1998.
- Ilyina T.A. Medicinal Plants of Russia (Illustrated Encyclopedia). - M., "EKSMO" 2006.
- Kurkin V. A., Zapesochnaya G. G., Shchavlinsky A. N. Flavonoids of the aerial part of Rhodiola rosea L/// Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 1984. No. 5, pp. 657-658
- Medicinal plants: A reference guide. / N.I. Grinkevich, I.A. Balandina, V.A. Ermakova and others; Ed. N.I. Grinkevich - M.: Higher School, 1991 - 398 p.
- Medicinal plants of the State Pharmacopoeia. Pharmacognosy. (Edited by I.A. Samylina, V.A. Severtsev). - M., "AMNI", 1999.
- Medicinal plant material. Pharmacognosy: Proc. allowance / Ed. G.P. Yakovlev and K.F. Pancake. - St. Petersburg: Spec. Lit, 2004. - 765 p.
- Lesiovskaya E.E., Pastushenkov L.V. "Pharmacotherapy with the basics of herbal medicine." Tutorial. - M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2003.
- Maznev V.I. Encyclopedia of medicinal plants - M.: Martin. 2004. - 496 p.
- Mannfried Palov. "Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants". Ed. cand. biol. Sciences I.A. Gubanov. Moscow, Mir, 1998.
- Mashkovsky M.D. "Medications". In 2 volumes - M., New Wave Publishing House LLC, 2000.
- Novikov V.S., Gubanov I.A. Genus Spruce (Picea) // Popular atlas-determinant. Wild plants. - 5th ed., stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2008. - S. 65-66. — 415 p. - (Popular atlas-determinant). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-358-05146-1. - UDC 58 (084.4)
- Nosov A.M. Medicinal plants of official and traditional medicine. M.: Eksmo Publishing House, 2005. - 800 p.
- Plants for us Reference manual / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva, K.F. Pancake. - Publishing house "Educational book", 1996. - 654 p.
- Plant resources of Russia: Wild flowering plants, their composition and biological activity. Edited by A.L. Budantseva. T.5. M.: Association of scientific publications KMK, 2013. - 312 p.
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- Turova A.D. "Medicinal plants of the USSR and their application". Moscow. "The medicine". 1974.
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- Chikov P.S. "Medicinal plants" M.: Medicine, 2002.
Family Crassulaceae - Crassulaceae
Rhodiola rosea is a perennial dioecious herbaceous plant with a thick branching rhizome and fleshy roots. Stems numerous, erect, up to 40 cm high, unbranched, densely leafy. The leaves are oblong-ovate, with a rarely serrated margin, fleshy, sessile, alternate. The flowers are small, yellow, collected in corymbose inflorescences located at the tops of the stems. The fruit is a leaflet.
Blossoms in June-July, seeds ripen in July-August. Reproduces vegetatively.
Spreading
A plant with a broken Euro-Asian range. It occurs in the north of the European part of Russia, in the Urals, in the mountains of Southern Siberia (Altai, Western and Eastern Sayans, Tuva, Transbaikalia), and in the north of the Far East, including Kamchatka and Sakhalin. The main industrial thickets are located in Altai at an altitude of 1500-2500 m above sea level and in the Western Sayan Mountains.
habitat
Arcto-alpine view. It grows in the alpine (bald) and subalpine (subalpine) belts, in the plain and mountain tundras of the North. It grows along the banks and valleys of mountain rivers, streams, on pebbles, on rocky slopes, screes, in rock crevices, in thickets of subalpine shrubs. Prefers abundant flowing moisture with a large amount of fine earth. The highest productivity was noted in wet subalpine meadows and terminal glacial moraines, where it can be dominant. Abundant on the northern slopes of the ridges.
Chemical composition
The main active ingredients in the rhizome of Rhodiola rosea are phenolic compounds: phenolic alcohols and their glycosides, flavonoids and tannins of the pyrogallol group (up to 20%).
The phenolic alcohol p-hydroxyphenylethanol (tyrosol) is contained in the raw materials mainly in the form of a glycoside - salidroside. The content of salidroside varies from 0.5 to 1% depending on the habitat conditions and the phase of plant development.
Underground organs also contain carbohydrates, organic acids, terpenoids (rosiridin, rosiridol), essential oil, sterols, aromatic compounds (rosavin, rosin, rosarin), phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (gallic and others), anthraquinones, lipids (fats, waxes ).
Rhodiola rosea accumulates manganese in significant quantities.
pharmachologic effect
Rhodiola rosea has a multifaceted stimulating effect.
Rhodiola rosea extract has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, improves the energy supply of the brain, has a beneficial effect on the dynamics of nervous processes - concentration of attention, working capacity increases, memory improves, the formation of conditioned reflexes accelerates.
Preparations of Rhodiola rosea increase the physical performance of skeletal muscles and heart muscles. Under the influence of intense physical activity, glycolysis intensifies in the muscles and the content of lactic acid increases. Preparations of rhodiola rosea (rhodosin and salidroside) reduce the accumulation of lactic acid due to the early switching of the energy of muscle contraction to oxidative reactions and the use of lipids as energy sources. Activation of lipases - enzymes that break down fats, contributes to the normalization of body weight.
Salidroside interferes with the metabolic manifestations of the stress reaction.
Rhodiola rosea extract regulates blood glucose levels.
Preparations of Rhodiola rosea also activate the function of the thyroid gland and gonads.
Rhodiola rosea has the properties of an adaptogen - it increases resistance to adverse environmental factors.
Rhodiola has antitoxic and antimutagenic effects.
Rhodiola gives a choleretic effect.
Preparations of Rhodiola rosea contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes.
When applied topically, plant preparations have a wound-healing and anti-inflammatory effect.
Dosage forms
Liquid extract of Rhodiola rosea, briquettes, drug "Rodosin".
The rhizomes and roots of Rhodiola rosea are included in SP XI as a medicinal plant material.
Application
Rhodiola rosea is borrowed from Altai folk medicine, where it was used to treat anemia, impotence, nervous and gastric diseases, and primarily as a prophylactic to improve health and relieve fatigue.
Rhodiola rosea extract is used as a tonic and adaptogenic agent for increased mental stress, to increase efficiency and endurance, under the influence of extreme environmental factors.
As a drug, Rhodiola rosea extract is prescribed after infections, intoxications, physical or mental traumas, after severe somatic diseases, hypotension, vegetovascular dystonia, asthenic and depressive conditions of various nature, insomnia, neurosis, increased irritability. With hypotension, normalization of blood pressure was noted.
Rhodiola rosea is used in combination with exercise to treat obesity.
Rhodiola rosea is used topically for the treatment of periodontal disease.
The golden root rhizome is used in the production of non-alcoholic tonic drinks and flavored wines.
Young shoots are eaten as a salad.
Rhodiola preparations should not be used at elevated temperature, strong arousal, during hypertensive crises, in the acute period of illness.
Procurement of raw materials
Underground organs are harvested from the end of the flowering of the plant until mid-September. The raw materials are washed in running water and laid out to dry in the shade in a draft. After wilting, the rhizome is cut across into pieces and dried in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C (drying in the sun is not allowed).
Dried raw materials are stored in a dry, well-ventilated area.
Shelf life of raw materials is 3 years.
Security measures
Rhodiola thickets recover slowly (within 15-20 years), so it is necessary to alternate arrays of blanks. The underground parts of young plants should not be harvested. Some mature plants are also left untouched during harvesting. Re-harvesting is possible no earlier than 10 years later.
Resources
Stocks of Rhodiola rosea are concentrated in Southern Siberia - in Altai, in the Western Sayans and Tuva. The total stock of root in these areas in the 70s of the XX century was estimated at 640 tons. Taking into account the long recovery time of thickets (15-20 years), the allowable volume of annual harvesting is no more than 30-40 tons.
Due to the limited and inaccessible natural reserves of Rhodiola, experiments are underway to introduce it into the culture.
Description of Rhodiola Rosea (Golden Root)
.
- Literary names of the plant: Rhodiola rosea;
- Latin (botanical) name of the plant: Rhodiola rosea;
- Plant generic name: Rhodiola;
- Popular names of the plant: Altai ginseng, Golden root, Red root, Pink root.
The above lists only the most common names among the population. Almost all of these names came to us from. The plant was not known to many people for a long time, its appearance was hidden for a long time, while many ancient healers used its properties. Due to its use in both official and traditional medicine. Also high above sea level. On various, you can consider the external features of the structure of the plant and appreciate its beauty.
Rhodiola belongs to the Crassulaceae family, it is a terrestrial perennial herbaceous plant reaching 50 cm in height. Due to its useful medicinal properties, it belongs to medicinal plants. It should be noted that Rhodiola is a high-altitude plant and is found at altitudes from 1500m to 3500m above sea level.
Stem. The stems of Rhodiola are erect, not branched, light green, green, gray-light green, in some places there is also an alo-pink color, reaching a height of up to 50 cm. They germinate in clusters, creating a kind of bush of 12-15 stems.
Leaves. The leaves of Rhodiola have a color like that of the stem, planting is sessile, elliptical in shape, pointed towards the tip, the edges of the upper leaves are serrated
flowers. Rhodiola flowers are unisexual with yellow petals attached to a yellow-green sepal. The flowers form a multi-flowered inflorescence of the thyroid form. Flowering takes place in the summer from June to July.
Fruit. The fruits of Rhodiola are greenish leaflets, in an upright position. The fruits ripen in August.
root system. The rhizome of Rhodiola is brownish with a characteristic reflection of a bronze color, thick with small adventitious roots, in terms of fleshiness it resembles a ginseng root.
plant propagates both seeds and rhizome. The main method of propagation by rhizomes, seeds Rhodiola spreads poorly, although the plant produces a lot of seeds up to 1000 seeds from the shoot.
Rhodiola rosea (Golden root) is a light-loving plant, but it can easily tolerate shading, it also tolerates cold weather well. With its growth is demanding, a constant moist soil is needed.
The golden root is medicinal, the properties of the plant were widely used in the Ancient East. It was used as a tonic, restoring the strength and endurance of a person. It was believed that taking Rhodiola prolongs life.
Places of distribution of Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root).
Medicinal plant Golden root has spread in the mountains of Altai, the Urals, in Eastern Siberia and the Far East, at altitudes of 1500-3000m above sea level. The plant forms thickets in some favorable places.
Rhodiola is listed in the Red Books.
The Rhodiola plant is demanding on constant moisture with running water, tolerates cold well, and is not picky about the sun. Due to the small number of places with the necessary external conditions, the medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root) was brought into its:
- Altai Republic;
- Amur region, Arkhangelsk region, Irkutsk region, Kemerovo region, Murmansk region, Sakhalin region, Tyumen region, Chita region;
- The Republic of Buryatia;
- The Republic of Kazakhstan;
- Kamchatka Krai;
- Republic of Karelia;
- Komi Republic;
- Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
- Primorsky Krai;
- Russian Federation;
- The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
- Ukraine;
- Khabarovsk region;
- The Republic of Khakassia;
- Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug;
- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug;
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The fact that the plant is in the Red Book indicates the need for careful attitude to it. Any type of plant harvesting must be carried out in accordance with strict harvesting rules.
Golden root or rose root, all these names belong to Rhodiola rosea. This plant has been known for its healing properties since ancient times. That is why, it began to be actively used in folk and traditional medicine, and it also occupies a worthy place in cosmetology. Unfortunately, over the past few years, the amount of golden root has decreased, so it was listed in the Red Book. The article will describe Rhodiola rosea in detail, the photos will clearly help you see what this amazing plant looks like.
Rhodiola rosea is a perennial herb that belongs to the Crassulaceae family. The plant has strong and thick roots that securely hold it in the soil. In the context of the rhizome has a noble bronze hue. In addition to its beautiful color, it has many useful properties due to which it is widely used in medicine.
The stem of the plant is quite powerful and fleshy. Its height does not exceed 50 cm. They have a light green tint, slightly covered with a gray coating. Many shoots depart from the base, creating the appearance of a bush. Thick leaves are located along the entire length of the stem. They are egg-shaped and have a beautiful green color. The edges of the leaves are decorated with small teeth. At the top of the plant are collected thyroid inflorescences. Active flowering begins in June and lasts until the end of August. The flowers are yellow, sometimes even with a greenish tint. During the flowering period, the medicinal shrub emits a pleasant fragrance, its aroma is similar to the smell of rose oil. In August, fruits appear on the plant, which are called leaflets. They are small in size, and their color is reddish or yellow-green. The plant reproduces rapidly by seed or by division of the roots. Below is a photo of Rhodiola rosea.
The golden root loves a temperate climate, and it also feels comfortable on cool mountain peaks. The plant prefers well-moistened soil, so it can often be found near rivers and in the mountains. The pink root grows on the territory of East Kazakhstan, Siberia and throughout the Russian region.
Varieties of Rhodiola rosea
In nature, there are about 60 varieties of this amazing plant, which is found throughout the world. Despite small differences, they all have useful properties necessary for the body. Below are the most common varieties:
- Kirillov, grows in Tibet, Altai and Northwestern China. The height of the shrub does not exceed 40 cm. It has a strong rhizome, a powerful stem and pointed leaves. Flowering begins in mid-May and lasts a whole month. During flowering, a wonderful aroma emanates.
- Linear-leaved, the birthplace of this variety is mountainous terrain. The height of the shrub does not exceed 30 cm. It has a juicy erect stem, along which oblong leaves are located. The shrub blooms in early June, at which time the flowers emit a pleasant fragrance.
- Rhodiola multitooth grows on rocky ground. The roots of the plant are almost on the surface. An upright shoot emerges from the base, its height is 35–40 cm. Oblong leaves are evenly spaced along it. They have a light green tint and are covered with a gray coating.
Preparation and storage of the golden root
The root of the plant is used for harvesting. With the help of garden tools (pitchfork, shovel), dig out the rhizome. This should be done in September, when the rhodiola will fade and the seeds will ripen well. The dug out rhizome must be shaken off the ground and washed from unnecessary impurities. A clean workpiece must be crushed into uniform pieces, their size should not be less than 5 cm. The raw materials are laid out in a thin layer on the surface and dried in the open air, under a canopy. Then it can be dried in a dryer at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. Subject to all the rules of harvesting, at the break, the root should have a white or slightly pinkish tint.
Important! Rhizomes are suitable for collection, the age of plants of which has reached 3 years. During this time, Rhodiola rosea will accumulate all the nutrients that restore health.
It is necessary to store the harvested raw materials in a dark, well-ventilated place. Subject to all the rules of harvesting and storage, Rhodiola retains all useful substances for at least 3 years.
Rhodiola rosea is a real storehouse of nutrients needed by the body. Scientists have done a lot of research and found such components in this amazing root:
- glycosides, tannins;
- anthrachions, coumarin;
- organic acids;
- oxalic, citric, malic acid;
- essential oils, phenol;
- terpenoids, carbohydrates;
- lipids, trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese and others), alkaloids.
Thanks to all the useful substances, the root of Rhodiola rosea effectively restores the body from many diseases. Its substances are included in some medications, and its root is also widely used in folk medicine and cosmetology.
Treatment with a pink root will relieve the body of such ailments:
- stimulates the work of the heart, raises the level of blood pressure (blood pressure);
- promotes the separation of bile, stops bleeding;
- restores strength, calms the nervous system;
- tones the body, restores metabolism;
- relieves various kinds of inflammation, improves appetite;
- is antipyretic, relieves allergic reactions;
- treats tuberculosis, improves eyesight;
- normalizes hearing, its juice quickly heals all sorts of wounds and cuts.
Before starting treatment with golden root, it is necessary to consult a doctor. The specialist will assess the general condition of the patient and give quality recommendations regarding treatment.
Contraindications to the use of rose root
Rhodiola rosea has powerful medicinal properties. Therefore, it must be taken according to the prescribed dosage. If you exceed the permissible norm, then the person will feel unpleasant changes, such as insomnia, irritability, pain in the heart area. When observing such symptoms, it is necessary to immediately stop treatment and consult a doctor.
It is forbidden to take the golden root or medicines based on it, with such diseases:
- fever;
- hypertension;
- increased nervous excitability.
Rhodiola rosea and traditional medicine
In folk medicine, decoctions, infusions and tinctures are prepared from the pink root, and juice from the leaves and stem is also often used. Below are some recipes based on this plant.
To prepare the medicine, take 50 g of dry roots and pour 400 ml of vodka. The mixture is tightly closed with a lid and infused in a dark place for 2 weeks. After the time has elapsed, the contents are filtered and taken immediately, 5 drops, then the rate is increased to 20. Take the medicine three times a day 20 minutes before meals.
Infusion to increase immunity, restore the work of the heart and stomach
For cooking, take 15 g of roots, they must be crushed. Raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for at least 4 hours. After that, the medicine is filtered and taken 100 ml, three times a day.
Juice for wound healing
In order for the wound to heal faster, it is necessary to squeeze the juice from a fresh leaf and rub the damaged area. Repeat the procedure until complete recovery occurs.
Rhodiola rosea is a unique plant that is filled with a variety of beneficial components. However, it is necessary to take medicines based on it with caution so as not to harm health. Before treatment, it is important to consult a doctor and not exceed the prescribed dosage. Be healthy!
Rhizome with roots Rhodiola rosea - RhizomatacumradicibusRhodiolaeroseae
Rhodiola rosea - Rhodiola rosea L.
Crassulaceae family - Crassulaceae
Other names:
- Golden root
- stonecrop pink
Botanical characteristic. A perennial dioecious herbaceous plant with a large tuberous rhizome, from which several erect, unbranched densely leafy stems 10-40 cm high and thin adventitious roots extend. The leaves are oblong-ovate, with a rarely serrated margin, fleshy, sessile, alternate. The flowers are yellow or slightly reddish, collected in corymbose inflorescences located at the tops of the stems. Blossoms in June-July, seeds ripen in July-August. The fruit is a leaflet. Reproduces vegetatively.
Spreading. North of the European part of the country, Eastern Siberia, Tien Shan, Far East, Chukotka. The main industrial thickets are located in Altai at an altitude of 1500-2500 m above sea level and in the Western Sayan Mountains - on explored thickets, annual harvesting with alternating harvesting areas in the amount of 30 tons.
Habitat. Along the banks of mountain rivers, rocky slopes, in the plain and mountain tundras of the North. In addition, it is found in thickets of subalpine shrubs. The highest productivity was noted in wet subalpine meadows. The average weight of one dry rhizome is 100 g. The yield under optimal conditions reaches 1-2 tons per 1 ha. Together with Rhodiola rosea, there are other species that are not allowed for harvesting due to insufficient knowledge.
Harvesting, primary processing and drying. Harvesting is carried out from the end of flowering of the plant to the end of its growing season (from late July to mid-September). The rhizomes are dug out with picks, less often with shovels or special diggers, in areas designated by local forestry. Young plants with 1-2 stems are not subject to harvesting. In addition, it is necessary to leave part of the underground organs of adult plants. In order to ensure the restoration of Rhodiola thickets, re-harvesting of rhizomes on the same thickets is permissible only after 10-15 years.
Dug out rhizomes with roots are shaken off the ground, washed in running water, cleaned of old brown cork, rotten parts, separated from the stems and laid out in the shade to dry. Then they are cut across into pieces 2-9 cm long and dried in the shade in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, or in an oven or oven. Sun drying is not allowed. The dried raw material at the break has a pink color. Drying large pieces of rhizomes leads to their deterioration, since the inner part rots, becomes brown in color and the rhizomes become light.
Standardization. The quality of raw materials is regulated by GF XI.
The main differences between different types of Rhodiola
plant name | Diagnostic features |
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petals | fruit flyers |
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Rhodiola rosea - Rhodiola rosea L. | Oblong-ovate, lanceolate, serrate-toothed in upper part | yellow or greenish | greenish |
Rhodiola four-membered - Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et May. | Linear-cylindrical, solid-edge | brown red |
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Rhodiola frosty Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.) Fisch. et May. | flat, linear | White or dirty pink | Dark red |
Rhodiola pinnatifida - Rhodiola pinnatifida Boriss. | Lanceolate, narrowed at the base, pinnato-toothed |
Security measures. The plant recovers slowly, so it is necessary to alternate arrays of blanks. You should not harvest the underground parts of young plants that have 2-3 stems. Re-harvesting is possible after 10 years.
External signs. According to the MRTU, the raw material should be hard, wrinkled, with traces of old roots of an indefinite and lumpy shape, pieces of rhizomes and roots. Rhizomes 2.4-9.2 cm long, 2-5.1 cm wide. Roots 2.9-9.4 cm long, 0.6-1.2 cm thick. ", especially in old large rhizomes, which served as the basis for calling the raw material "golden root". At the break, the color is pinkish-brown. The taste is bitter-astringent. The smell is specific, reminiscent of the smell of a rose. Reduce the quality of raw materials residual stems longer than 1 cm, organic impurities. The authenticity of raw materials is determined by morphological features.
Microscopy. On the transverse section, the rhizome has a beam type of structure. Outside visible layered periderm. Conductive bundles are open, collateral, fusiform, arranged in a ring and oriented towards the periphery of the rhizome by phloem and towards the center by xylem. There may be a second ring of smaller vascular bundles, in which the phloem is oriented toward the center, and the xylem toward the periphery. The parenchyma consists of large cells filled with starch. Starch grains are simple, round or oval, 5-20 microns in diameter.
Numerical indicators. The content of salidroside is not less than 0.8% (spectrophotometric method); humidity not more than 13%; total ash no more than 9%; other parts of the plant (leaves, stems) no more than 4%; organic impurities not more than 1%, mineral - not more than 3%.
The authenticity of raw materials is established by thin-layer chromatography on plates in a thin layer of sorbent. At the same time, a dominant spot should be detected on the chromatogram of the methanol extract, which has a violet color in UV light and corresponds in value to R f rosavin, and after the development of the chromatogram with a solution of sodium carbonate and then with diazotized sulfacyl, a reddish spot identical to salidroside should appear almost at the same place.
Chemical composition. The chemical composition of raw materials is complex; substances of various classes have been identified: phenolic compounds, phenol alcohols and their glycosides, salidrosides (rhodiolosides) about 1%, flavonoids (quercetin, hyperoside, kaempferol, etc.), anthraglycosides, tannins of the pyrogallol group, essential oil containing cinnamaldehyde and citral, organic acids , lipids, up to 10 different trace elements containing large amounts of manganese and other compounds.
Storage. In a dry, well ventilated area. Shelf life of raw materials is 3 years.
pharmacological properties. Rhodiola rosea extract has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, improves the energy supply of the brain by intensifying the oxidative resynthesis of macroergic phosphates. Preparations of Rhodiola rosea contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes.
In the study of the effect of the extract of Rhodiola rosea, Rhodosin and Salidroside on the bioelectrical activity of various parts of the cerebral cortex of rabbits with electrodes implanted in the brain, an increase in the excitatory process was established. The activating effect of the mesh formation on the cortex and spinal cord increases under the influence of Rhodiola rosea preparations. The stimulating effect of drugs is expressed in a reduction in the duration of anesthesia caused by barbiturates, chloral hydrate and ether.
The effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and salidroside on human mental activity was studied using a correction test. The subjects' attention increased, the percentage of errors decreased, and the number of corrected signs increased. This effect persisted for more than 4 hours after taking the drug.
Preparations of Rhodiola rosea increase the physical performance of skeletal muscles and heart muscles, which is especially noticeable in conditions of prolonged physical work, against the background of fatigue in animals. The study of the stimulating properties of the extract of Rhodiola rosea on white mice by repeatedly forcibly holding them on vertical poles with a load on the tail equal to 10 g showed that the drug increased the duration of the stay of mice on the rod by about 2-2.5 times compared with the control.
Under the influence of intense physical activity, the energy metabolism of muscles changes, glycolysis increases with a violation of the resynthesis of high-energy phosphates, an increase in the content of lactic acid in the muscles. With the introduction of preparations of Rhodiola rosea (rhodosin and salidroside), the increase in glycolysis in the muscles is less pronounced, lactic acid accumulates less. This is explained by the earlier switching of the energy of muscle contraction to oxidative reactions and the use of lipids as energy sources.
When studying the effect of salidroside on the adrenal glands and thymus gland of swimming rats in three stages of stress, it turned out that salidroside interferes with the metabolic manifestations of the stress reaction, has little effect on the resistance phase, delays the exhaustion of the adrenal glands and the involution of the thymus gland.
Rhodiola rosea extract regulates the level of glucose in the blood: it reduces hyperglycemic reactions to the administration of adrenaline and weakens the development of hypoglycemia in response to the administration of insulin.
Preparations of Rhodiola rosea also activate the function of the thyroid gland, and this effect does not manifest itself under conditions of anesthesia or partial extirpation of various parts of the brain. As shown by the study of the gonads of female white mice, preparations of Rhodiola rosea stimulate an increase in the number of growing follicles and the volume of eggs.
Rhodiola rosea has the properties of an adaptogen - it increases the resistance of animals to damaging environmental factors (pollution, noise, infection), activates nonspecific resistance factors, which is expressed in an increase in the titer of lysozyme, an increase in the bactericidal index of blood, inhibition of the development of a general leukocyte reaction to subcutaneous administration of turpentine in the experiment .
Rhodiola has an antitoxic, detoxifying effect: it increases the resistance of white mice to the toxic effects of chlorophos, sodium nitrite, methylhydrazine, aniline, activates an additional reserve of ammonia detoxification - the aspartic acid-asparagine system. Rhodiola gives a choleretic effect.
When applied topically, plant preparations have a trophic, adaptogenic and anti-inflammatory effect.
Medicines. Liquid extract of Rhodiola rosea, briquettes, drug "Rodosin".
Application. The golden root is borrowed from the folk medicine of Siberia. Studied by prof. G. V. Krylov and prof. A. S. Saratikov at the Tomsk Medical Institute. Other species of Rhodiola are currently being studied.
Under the influence of preparations of Rhodiola rosea, attention and working capacity are noticeably increased, memory is improved, the latent period of speech reactions is reduced by 1-3 s, stereotyping in answers disappears, and the development of conditioned reflexes is accelerated.
Rhodiola rosea extract, 5-10 drops per dose in the morning and afternoon, is prescribed to healthy individuals with increased mental stress (examination session, diploma defense, etc.), to increase efficiency and endurance, on long hikes, in difficult conditions of the Siberian winter (hunters, lumberjacks, fishermen).
Rhodiola rosea normalizes the mobility of inhibitory and excitatory processes in patients with neuroses. In asthenic conditions after an infection, intoxication, physical or mental trauma, during the period of convalescence after severe somatic diseases, with hypotension, vegetovascular dystonia, depressive conditions in patients with alcoholism, with schizophrenia with remission according to the asthenic type, 10-15 drops of Rhodiola rosea extract are prescribed 2-3 times a day for 2-3 weeks. With gross organic diseases, it is not advisable to prescribe the drug.
Rhodiola rosea extract is prescribed 20-25 drops to correct side effects in the treatment of neuroleptics (extrapyramidal disorders, hypotension and asthenia). In the treatment of patients with hypotension, as a rule, blood pressure is normalized.
Rhodiola rosea is used topically for the treatment of periodontal disease: after removing tartar, the gums are bandaged on both sides with a mixture of an oil solution of vitamin A and Rhodiola tincture (1: 1) for 3-4 hours daily (4-7 procedures per course of treatment). Applications of the extract of Rhodiola rosea diluted with water (1:10) are also used on the gums. The duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes.