How to weld a stove for a bath from a pipe or cylinder. We make a boiler in the bath with our own hands Iron boilers for the bath with our own hands
When financial condition allows, and the estimate for the bathhouse includes both exterior decoration with high-quality imported siding, stylish materials and furniture for interior decoration, and good equipment for all systems, including heating, this is certainly good. Well, what to do if more money was spent on the arrangement of the bathhouse and the boiler room than planned, and as a result, there are no funds to purchase a foreign automatic boiler? The answer is simple - boiler in the bath can be done by yourself using very simple objects: a barrel, sheets or pipes made of metal. Of course , it will not be automatic , and its appearance will not be the most chic , but it will perform its functions .
boiler for a bath from a pipe.This option is the most elementary and easy. A pipe made of iron or metal will suit you, and the placement method can be both vertical and horizontal, and each has its own drawbacks and pluses.
For the performance of work you will need:
- Apparatus for welding;
- Grinder with disk attachments for metal work, angled;
- Generator running on gasoline or diesel fuel.
Putting together a horizontal version: the nuances of technology.
A simple metal pipe of the required diameter is hermetically sealed at one end, and a door is installed at the other. This is a future furnace, in which it will be possible to mount a water elbow by welding. On top of this structure, a metal water tank is installed; when a new dose of heated water arrives from the knee, it will fall into the tank, and unheated into the knee. The liquid will heat up fairly evenly. A heater with a simple shelf with stones must be installed at the side of the pipe.
Features of the assembly of a vertical installation.
If the pipe is placed with the closed end down, and another plug is welded in the middle, then the lower part (closed on both sides) will serve as a firebox, and the upper one as a water reservoir. The heater can be installed on the side.
If you have a pipe made of sufficiently thick metal, then it is better to make both parts of the boiler separately so that the design does not come out too massive. In addition, a barrel with thin walls is quite enough to make a tank, but the firebox must be made from a pipe with good thick metal. A term performance the boiler will depend on the thickness of the walls of the furnace, the larger it is, the longer it will work. With such a separate production, between these two parts, it is possible to build a heater by cutting a door for it and welding cast-iron grates inside.
The pipe leading from the boiler must be installed clearly in the center, and the tank should be put on it, all seams must be hermetically welded. For safety, we recommend organizing a valve on the pipe ( gate), it must be closed after complete combustion of the fuel.
The pipe that will come out of the boiler must be made of metal, and for the tank you can take a pipe made of asbestos. And just such a pipe, with different top and bottom, is considered the safest. To put on an asbestos pipe on a metal one, you must effortlessly, freely, since the coefficients of expansion for these materials are different.
We make a boiler in the bath using a barrel.
To build bath boiler For the simplest structure, you will need a regular, thick-walled large barrel. And if you still have it from Soviet times, then you are doubly lucky, since it has more strength than modern ones. It is necessary to make a blank out of it - taking advantage of with an ax or chisel, cut the top. Next, for the chimney, it is necessary to cut a piece of 15 centimeters from the pipe. Make a hole in the barrel and connect the pipe and the barrel by welding.
The bottom is cut out of a two hundred liter barrel, and a hole is made in it exactly in the center for a pipe ten centimeters wide. The pipe should have the following dimensions: diameter - ten centimeters, height - slightly higher than the barrel itself. Next, you need to weld four pieces of the profile to the lid, and a prepared pipe on the reverse side.
Next, we take a sheet of metal and make a lid for the top of the boiler and cut a hole for a ten-centimeter pipe with a chisel, but not exactly in size, but so that it stands tightly, but can be freely removed.
The final stage is the connection of all the details. Using a clamp, we connect the boiler and the chimney pipe, not forgetting to pre-insulate with fiberglass or asbestos material.
Having finished these works, you can begin to check the installation for the first time - we fill the boiler with firewood for one third of the total volume. We install a pipe with a lid on top of the firewood, and align it in the center. It should stand so that when moving down, the walls of the boiler do not cling to anything. Then we put the top cover on the pipe.
Now you can add fuel to the firewood and set it on fire. Ideally, both smoke and odors should go up the chimney. And so that all the fuel does not warm up too quickly, you need to cover the gate.
Long-burning boilersmade independently - technical design nuances.
Usually, in standard solid fuel boilers, the combustion process does not last long. On the strength of three hours. But you can steam for much longer, and in order to avoid such a situation when you go to replenish the supply of firewood in one towel, you can do do-it-yourself long-burning boiler.
The same volume of firewood will burn, as for a conventional boiler, for about twenty to thirty hours. And the secret is that the air comes in a limited amount.
Principle functioning such a unit is simple: in the upper part of the body there is a hole for loading fuel, the required amount of firewood enters there and is ignited from above. Above the firewood there is a limiter and touches the firewood with a conical shank. During the combustion of firewood, the air limiter is lowered. Moreover, rather slowly to the bottom of the stove, thus, as if giving a signal that the next laying of firewood is needed.
But wood is not the only fuel suitable for heating homemade long-burning boiler, you can use peat in briquettes, and coal and pellets.
To make such boiler You will need a thick - walled steel pipe ideally 30 centimeters in diameter and 8 meters 50 centimeters long . In the compartment on top, it is necessary to weld a branch from another pipe (100 mm in diameter, and up to 40 cm in length).
The whole point of this design is that the combustion area is limited, and the fuel is well compacted, which does not allow excess oxygen to burn it too quickly. And these processes are controlled by a special device - part of a six-centimeter pipe, which is ninety centimeters longer than the furnace itself.
A steel disk with a diameter of 27 centimeters with arc-shaped blades is welded onto the lower part of this limiter, in the amount of six pieces. And the inner diameter of the pipe should be limited to two centimeters, which will limit the flow of air into the furnace.
The top of the boiler is covered with a removable cover in the form of a circle with a hole in the center, the diameter of which is slightly wider than the diameter restrictive pipes, so that the limiter itself can free move By all system.
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First, you should consider the question, is it necessary, in principle, to heat the bath? If your bath has only a steam room and a dressing room, then it makes no sense to do heating. You can undress in the dressing room, if it is very cold, then in the steam room. For small baths, it is impractical to build separate heating, money and time will be spent, and there will be little return.
The situation changes if the bath is large, there is a separate shower room and a rest room. It is quite difficult, and sometimes impossible, to heat these rooms with a sauna stove. There is little pleasure in taking a shower or relaxing after a steam room in cold rooms. For such options for baths, it is advisable to make separate heating of these rooms.
It makes no sense to install an autonomous factory-made heating boiler, it is much more profitable to slightly re-equip the sauna stove and get the opportunity to heat other rooms simultaneously with the heating of the steam room. This is not only much cheaper, but also saves firewood. There is no need to heat additional rooms for a long time, the time it takes to warm up the steam room is quite enough to create a comfortable temperature in the shower room and rest room. Do you have a big bathroom? So, it is necessary to solve the issue of heating additional rooms.
Important. If the bath is used infrequently, then antifreeze must be poured into the heating system. Some suggest using diesel fuel, it is cheaper. But we are categorically opposed to such a replacement. It is better to pay a little more for antifreeze than to build a new bath after a fire.
The best option for a heating boiler for a bath is solid fuel. In this article, we will also consider a home-made electric boiler, it has quite a few advantages over solid fuel ones. The main element of a solid fuel boiler is a heat exchanger, it is the most difficult to manufacture, it requires fairly solid welding skills.
Important. It must be remembered that the heat exchanger is very difficult to get out of the boiler for repair, in some cases it will be necessary to completely disassemble the structure, and this will take a lot of time. Conclusion - the reliability of the welds and the strength of the structure must be at the highest level, the heat exchanger welded before installation in the furnace must be tested under high water pressure. All welds should be cleaned of slag with a grinder and a thorough visual inspection should be carried out. Slag can plug gaps in the weld, the heat exchanger will not leak during normal tests. And only after installing it in the furnace during heating, the slag will fall off, the heat exchanger will flow. If you do not have full confidence in the quality of the welds, then put them two in one place.
Types of heat exchangers
A heat exchanger is a device used to heat water. The more efficiently it works (the greater the efficiency), the better the heating stove heats up, the higher the temperature in the rooms can be. The heat transfer coefficient depends on the material of manufacture and the total area.
It is best to make heat exchangers from copper, but this option has three significant drawbacks:
For heat exchangers in solid fuel boilers, it is optimal to use ordinary quality carbon steel sheet materials with a thickness of at least one millimeter.
An important factor in the efficiency of the boiler is the area of the heat exchanger. There are two options for solving the problem here.
Prices for heat exchangers
heat exchanger
First. Increase the internal area of the furnace and thereby the dimensions of the heat exchanger. The option is good, but difficult to implement. A large firebox is not always appropriate in a sauna stove, an increase in its dimensions causes significant difficulties during manufacture, waste of materials, etc.
Second. Increase the area of the heat exchanger. Heat exchangers can be in the form of containers with flat walls or be tubular. The second option significantly increases the effective heat exchange area, the water heats up faster, the efficiency increases markedly.
Heat exchanger - photo
Practical advice. This method can be used, but without fanaticism. Some try to minimize the distance between the tubes and thereby increase their number. Indeed, at first the device works quite efficiently, but then the temperature of the water heating drops sharply. Why? As a result of soot sticking to the surface of the pipes. Of course, it will always stick to all surfaces of heat exchangers, we will tell you how to reduce this negative effect a little below. Now let's pay attention to one thing - it is impossible to clean the surface of the pipes if they are located too tightly. We recommend that the distance between the pipes be at least one centimeter.
Where to install heat exchangers
Most often, heat exchangers are installed in the upper part of the furnace.
- In the upper part of the furnace, flue gases contain the maximum amount of soot. It is inevitably deposited on the bottom surface of the heat exchangers, the heat transfer efficiency is greatly reduced, and the bottom needs to be cleaned frequently to improve efficiency.
- The very high temperature of the flame in this place negatively affects the metal.
It is much more productive to place the heat exchanger along the edges of the furnace, make them in the form of the letter P. This will make it possible not only to reduce the amount of soot, but also to increase the total effective area.
Video - DIY solid fuel boiler
Stages of manufacturing a tubular heat exchanger for a furnace
Select the specific linear dimensions of the heat exchanger taking into account the parameters of the furnace. Flat heat exchangers are easy to manufacture, we will not dwell on them. Consider the option of manufacturing a tubular heat exchanger. For manufacturing, you can take thick-walled pipes with a diameter within. 1.5÷2.0″. There are several options for manufacturing such devices; for example, we chose the simplest of them.
Step 1. Preparation of frame blanks in the form of the letter P. Cut the pipes to size, there should be two pieces in width, length and height of the firebox. Mark the holes to be drilled, the distance between them should be equal to the outer diameter of the pipe plus at least one centimeter for the gap. Arrange the holes symmetrically along the entire length of the pipes, slightly increase / decrease the distance between them if necessary.
Step 2 In the marked places, drill holes in the upper plane of the pipes, they should all be located strictly in one line. The diameter of the holes must be equal to the nominal diameter. It is much easier to drill at first with a small diameter drill, and then increase it to the desired size.
Step 3. Saw off the ends of the pipes at an angle of 45 °, if the firebox has a different configuration, then take into account its parameters, the angle may change.
Step 4 Weld the cut ends together, you should get two heat exchanger blanks in the form of the letter P. Plug one end, use sheet metal of the same thickness as the pipe walls for this. Weld end caps with a diameter of 3/4″ to the second end. This diameter is used for most heating pipes. The length of the limit switches depends on the thickness of the walls of the stove. One limit switch will be for cold water inlet, the second for hot water outlet.
Step 5 Prepare pipe sections for the vertical elements of the heat exchanger. The number must equal the number of holes. Measure the length very carefully, the spread should not exceed 1 ÷ 1.5 mm. Carefully work with a grinder, it is better to firmly fix the pipes in a vice and cut in one pattern.
Step 6 Grind the ends of the pipes under the saddles, the rounding should be equal to the radius of the outer walls of the pipes of the upper and lower frame. This is a rather complicated operation, it requires patience and skill. If you have a special fixture - great, the work is much simpler, the saddles will be very accurate, the welding work is easier.
We strongly advise you to purchase it, such a device is quite cheap, and during the production of various works with your own hands it will always come in handy. You can use it not only for the preparation of metal parts, they are also used during the creation of various wooden structures.
Saddle trimming - photo
If there is no device, you will have to work manually. At each end of the pipes, draw the outline of a saddle with chalk. To do this, it is better to cut a circle from thick paper along the diameter of the pipe and apply it alternately from two opposite sides of the end. Is the outline drawn? Take a grinder in your hands, put a thick disk for metal on it and slowly and carefully grind the saddle. Constantly check the correct contour of the pipe. From personal experience, we will say that it will take approximately 30 minutes to prepare the saddles of one vertical pipe on both sides.
This completes the preparatory work for the manufacture of a tubular heat exchanger, you can start welding.
Heat exchanger welding
For the pipe thickness we have chosen, welding should be done with an electrode Ø 4 mm, adjust the current strength so that the metal melts, but does not boil.
Check the correctness of the adjustments of the welding machine on an unnecessary segment, make a test seam, warm up the end of the electrode.
Step 1. Attach the pipes to the bottom half of the frame. Install them exactly in the middle of the drilled holes, constantly control the vertical position.
Important. Tack vertical pipes with a seam about 0.5 cm long, the tack must be on one side only. During the cooling of the metal, the pipe will lead, align its position.
Step 2 After all the vertical pipes are tacked, put the second half of the heat exchanger frame on top and start tacking free saddles to it in the same order. Do not lay a long seam, each pipe will have to be leveled.
Step 3 All pipes on both sides of the frame are tacked, their position is corrected - you can put a strong continuous seam around the entire perimeter of the saddles. Work very carefully, constantly clean the slag and check the quality of the seam. After installing the heat exchanger in the boiler, it is very difficult to eliminate leaks. If you do not have the opportunity to check the design under pressure - no problem. Pour diesel fuel or antifreeze into it and leave it overnight. These fluids over time make it possible to detect even the smallest gaps in the weld.
The heat exchanger is welded, it can be installed in the furnace furnace. Next, you need to connect the space heating system, how this is done - we will tell a little later.
How to make an electric boiler for a bath with your own hands
Rest rooms or showers in large baths can be used not only on Saturdays or Sundays, they can receive guests or bathe on any day of the week. You either don’t want to heat the sauna stove for such cases, or it’s not possible. What to do? Produce hotel heating of these premises using an electric boiler. By the way, it can be connected to a remote control system and, when leaving the city, turn it on using a mobile phone or computer. During your stay on the road, the premises will warm up to comfortable temperatures. The only condition is that electrical networks and safety fittings must hold a power of at least 10 kW.
Why do we recommend making the boiler yourself, and not buying a ready-made one? Factory units are very expensive, they have a large number of complex additional equipment, which cannot be repaired. In addition, the large dimensions of industrial boilers significantly limit their installation options. We will consider the manufacture of a simplified boiler, if desired, it can always be equipped with electronic equipment for remote control.
There is a second option - boilers can be increased in power. There is no fundamental difference between them. The design allows you to add heaters without much effort. The number of heaters is limited only by the maximum possible load of electrical networks. Power control allows you to control the temperature of the interior over a wider range.
The heaters are each installed in a separate pipe and connected in series with each other.
Design features of a homemade boiler
For manufacturing, a metal pipe Ø 159 mm, 350 mm long, was used, plugs are welded on both sides.
Water inlet and outlet is carried out by metal pipes Ø 3/4″, the bottom plug has a drain hole closed by a valve. The top cover has three couplings for installation of electric heaters, the diameter of the couplings is selected taking into account the dimensions of the threads of the heating elements. The power of each heating element is 3 kW. A safety valve is mounted on the top cover to relieve critical pressure.
Heating elements of the upper layout, although all industrial units have a lower mounting of heaters.
Why did we change their location?
- The replacement of failed heaters is much simpler. In industrial boilers, it is necessary to completely drain the coolant from the system; it cannot do without losses. As we have already mentioned, antifreeze must be used as a heat carrier for heating the bath, pouring it onto the ground is an expensive pleasure.
- It is possible to quickly replace a burned-out element without completely turning off the heating system.
The distance between the top cover and the place where the heaters are fixed should be kept to a minimum, this will prevent the heating elements from being exposed by the air cushion during heating. All electrical controls are located in the panel next to the boiler. Each heater needs its own 3 kW machine, a common power input through a disconnector.
The coolant inlet and outlet have separate ball valves.
Important. The boiler must be completely cool before replacing the heaters. Otherwise, the coolant will be under pressure and may cause burns while loosening the nuts.
The boiler with heating elements is attached to the wall with brackets and dowels. It has a small weight, in a state filled with a coolant, about 5 kg, special precautions should not be taken during fixation. The power of the heaters can be changed depending on the volume of the heated premises.
It is allowed to install special electrical equipment to control the temperature and pressure of the coolant. This makes it possible to set the required parameters and turn on / off the heaters will be performed independently.
After manufacturing and testing the boiler, you can begin work on connecting heating batteries.
Electric heating boiler - photo
Heating system with a boiler - photo
Video - Do-it-yourself electric boiler
How to connect radiators
In the bath, you need to heat a maximum of two rooms: a rest room and a shower room. We advise you to use a single-pipe bypass system, it fully meets the technical requirements, is easy to install and efficient in use, requires little material and time.
The diagram shows the diagonal connection of radiators, but you can also connect them in the lower version: the input and output are located on the same level near the floor.
Each radiator has shut-off valves, which makes it possible to regulate the temperature of its heating. If one of the batteries is completely disconnected, then the coolant to the second comes through the bypass. Practice shows that one battery is enough for a shower room, and it is desirable to install two in a rest room. It's cold in the shower - and put two radiators there.
Important. Be sure to use a closed-type expansion tank, this will prevent the evaporation of the coolant.
The volume of the expansion tank should be selected taking into account the volume of the coolant. For one hundred liters of coolant, a tank with a volume of three liters is needed. Using this data, you can choose the best option for your particular case.
In order to facilitate the replacement of heating batteries, we recommend installing shut-off valves at the inlet and outlet. By closing two taps, you completely disconnect the radiator from the system and you can repair it, all the rest will work as usual. Air is removed from the system using Mayevsky taps or ordinary drain valves.
Prices for expansion tanks
expansion tank
To exclude unproductive losses of thermal energy, it is necessary to insulate the boiler. Wrap it with foil rolled mineral wool, do not leave gaps. The thickness of the wool must be at least 10 cm.
To calculate the power of the boiler, there is no need to use complex formulas. Practice shows that for heating one square meter of a room in the southern regions, 100 ÷ 120 W is enough, in the northern regions it will take about 150 ÷ 200 W. Based on these data, select the power of the heaters.
Circulation pumps on the body are marked with the diameter of the connecting thread, maximum lifting height, power, permissible installation length of pipelines and channels of heating batteries. Approach the choice of a particular brand of pump carefully, pay attention to all its indicators and technical characteristics. Purchase pumps with a margin, do not allow them to operate at their limit values. A power reserve of about 30% doubles the operating time of the equipment.
If you plan to install a heat exchanger in a solid fuel boiler, then in no case increase the fuel combustion time. The heat transfer of the fuel per unit of time can decrease so much that the heating temperature of the heat carriers will be insufficient for heating the premises. Everyone can make a boiler and a radiator according to their own drawings, it is impossible to determine the optimal combustion parameters in advance, you will have to go by experience. In order to avoid problems already during the operation of the boiler for the bath, make all heating elements with a power reserve.
One of the most important stages in the arrangement of the bath is the installation of the boiler. This process is considered quite complicated, and its implementation requires certain knowledge and skills. Such a heater can be bought at any specialized store. However, it costs a lot of money, so many people prefer the part of a boiler for a bath with their own hands. This will not only save money, but also contribute to gaining invaluable experience.
Such a boiler can be made with your own hands
General information
Before you make a boiler in the bath with your own hands, you need to study in detail its device and the principle of operation. In addition to the knowledge gained, it will be necessary to take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of the equipment. All these factors will help to complete the work as quickly and efficiently as possible.
First you need to study the boiler, how it works
Types of boilers
The first step is to choose the type of home-made boiler in the bath that is most suitable for a particular construction. There are several main ones, and they are divided according to the type of fuel used. The following types are considered the most popular:
- Carbide. These devices use a device that runs on wood, peat, coal and other available materials. This is the cheapest type of equipment, and you can make it yourself in the shortest possible time.
- Electric boilers. They are relatively compact, which allows them to be used even in the smallest rooms. The main advantage is environmental friendliness and the absence of harmful products of fuel combustion.
- Gas boilers. These devices are widely used around the world, as they use a minimum amount of fuel to operate. For each particular bath, you can buy or make a boiler of the required power. This type is considered one of the most profitable from an economic point of view.
- Boilers running on liquid fuel. As the main material for such boilers, cheap diesel fuel, kerosene or waste oil is used. Such heating equipment is used only in cases where it is not possible to use better and more expensive options.
In this video you will learn how to make a sauna stove:
In addition to the fuel used, home-made boilers are divided according to the material from which they are made. . Among them it is worth highlighting the following:
- iron;
- brick;
- mixed (made of iron, but lined with bricks);
- cast iron.
The latter option is used very rarely, since cast iron boilers are not allowed to be placed in the steam room. They need a separate room, which not everyone can find.
Advantages and disadvantages
A do-it-yourself boiler for a bath from a pipe or any other source material has several positive and negative sides. Their manifestation to one degree or another depends on the type of device chosen. When making a boiler yourself, it is important to take into account all the advantages and try to minimize the manifestations of shortcomings as much as possible.
These boilers have pros and cons.
Among the advantages are the following:
- Low price. Any home-made equipment will be much cheaper than factory equipment. This is due to the use of inexpensive materials that can be found in the stores of the city or any other locality. In addition, the price is affected by the lack of costs for the work.
- Possibility to choose the size and shape of the equipment. This feature will help to perfectly fit the manufactured equipment into the existing room. By varying the various parameters, you can make a boiler that takes up a minimum of space and leaves a lot of free space in the steam room.
- Operational simplicity of the equipment. Any homemade boilers for a bath are very easy to use. For them, you do not need to select certain parameters for a long time, but rather elementary skills that appear immediately after the first launch.
- Ease of installation. The boiler for the bath is quite simple to install in the steam room. This will require a minimum of effort and time.
- Durability. A properly made heating device does not require special care and can last for quite a long period.
In addition to a large number of advantages, there are several disadvantages. They must be taken into account before starting to create a homemade boiler. All the negative aspects are characteristic only for one of the species, but not inherent in the rest. These include the following:
- Rapid cooling. Homemade equipment does not hold heat well and distributes it unevenly throughout the steam room. Such a negative feature applies only to rooms with a large area.
- All types of boilers, except for electric ones, emit harmful substances into the atmosphere. This negatively affects the environment and clean air.
- Solid fuel appliances require constant ash removal.
- Electric heaters contribute to an increase in energy costs.
- Gas boilers require increased safety measures. Otherwise, an explosion may occur with the ensuing negative consequences for the construction and human health.
This boiler may emit harmful substances
Components
At the stage of equipment design, drawings of a boiler for a bath are made. All components of the boiler must be present in them. Their standard set is typical for devices of any type and includes the following:
- Firebox. It burns the selected type of fuel. It is made of thick and durable metal, as it can withstand a large thermal load. Thin material will quickly burn out and disable the homemade device. For different fuels, it is equipped with additional elements that make the work more efficient.
- Chimney. This part is installed in the device and removes smoke or exhaust gas. It is important to accurately calculate the dimensions of the chimney and determine its optimal shape. Otherwise, you may encounter the problem of smoke accumulation in the room and poor removal. A valve must be provided in the chimney, with the help of which the required level of draft will be maintained.
- Ash pan. This part of the structure is provided for the accumulation of waste. Depending on the type of fuel used, it may have a certain shape and size. This part is located under the firebox, which allows it to also serve as an air supply. When making the boiler yourself, it is important to accurately calculate the dimensions of the ash pan in order to avoid frequent cleaning.
- Kamenka. This structural element redistributes and removes thermal energy. It is made in the form of a mounted or built-in container filled with tightly packed stones. Dimensions and volume depend on the dimensions of the boiler and the room. During design, it is important to choose the right dimensions for the heater. If it is small, it will not be able to fully warm up the steam room, and if it is large, it will heat up to the desired temperature for a very long time. If there is an error in the calculations, the steam room will quickly fill with water vapor and become uncomfortable.
- Container for water. This part of the heat exchange system is designed to store liquid and bring it to the desired temperature. It is made from any materials that hold heat well and warm up quickly.
Manufacturing options
There are several basic options for how to make do-it-yourself boilers for a bath. Device drawings must be made as accurate as possible to avoid various assembly errors.
From a metal pipe
This method of creating a boiler is considered the most popular and most used. Most often, thick-walled metal pipes are used as the main material. It is best to use blanks with a diameter of at least 50 cm and a length of about 1 m. With their help, you will get a device that can heat a steam room with an area of 9 square meters.
The manufacturing process of the boiler is simple and consists of the following steps:
- Three identical pieces with a diameter of 1.4 cm and a length of 30 mm are cut from the reinforcement. These parts will be used as supports for the body of the product.
- A circle is cut out of a sheet of steel (the bottom of the future device) of the same diameter as the pipe.
- A metal cover for the stove is cut out of a piece of material.
- A hole is made in the middle. Its size must exactly match the diameter of the chimney.
- A hole is formed at the bottom of the pipe.
- Then the box is made. Inside it, a separating part should be provided, which will form two chambers: for the furnace and ash.
- At the next stage of work, the assembly of the structure begins. First of all, a manufactured box is welded, which should go outside or into the furnace compartment.
- A chimney pipe is inserted into a previously made hole.
- Then the foundation for the furnace is equipped. It can be a concrete screed or a reinforced concrete slab.
- A device is installed on it, and heavy stones are laid on top of the lid.
- At the very end, a brick heat shield is built. You can make it in the form of a small wall or overlay the entire boiler.
From sheets of metal
This manufacturing option is distinguished by its simplicity and affordability. The work uses inexpensive sheet steel with a diameter of 5 and 10 mm, as well as some materials that can be bought at any hardware store in the city.
To independently weld a boiler for a bath from sheets of metal, you need to perform a few simple operations.
Procedure:
- A drawing of the future product is drawn with a detailed presentation of the most important nodes.
- Separate blanks of the desired size are cut from the purchased sheets of metal. At the same time, they must exactly correspond to the manufactured scheme of the bath boiler.
- A piece of thick-walled material is bent and forms the body of the device.
- Then the edges are welded to each other. It is important to make the seam as even and high-quality as possible. If there are no opportunities or skills to carry out such work, then it is best to hire a qualified specialist.
- A piece of pipe is welded into the inner part of the manufactured body.
- Then a water tank is formed.
- A wide hole is made in the combustion chamber, a chimney pipe is installed in it.
- A special valve is attached to it, which will control the traction force.
- A furnace door is attached to the structure.
- A small tube is attached to the back of the boiler for connecting a tap.
- A brick protective screen is built around the device. Thanks to him, the negative impact of high temperatures on people will decrease. In addition, it will protect against accidental contact and severe burns.
Making a boiler for a bath with your own hands is a rather difficult undertaking that requires a significant investment of time and money. With the right approach to business and following all the recommendations, you can make high-quality equipment that will work correctly and give pleasure to people for many years.
Building an excellent bathhouse does not mean making it comfortable for taking water procedures. Nobody argues that all rooms should be beautiful and pleasing to the eye. But to an even greater extent, they must be functional, create exactly the microclimate that its owners want. It is impossible to solve this problem without a bath boiler, most people understand this. But not everyone knows what criteria should be used to select a boiler, what to pay the main attention to. In order to make a responsible decision, you need to know their types and brief characteristics.
Boiler for a bath - one of the possible options
First, let's focus on the largest group of bath boilers - metal. They can have different sizes and additional features. Companies produce a very wide range of products, but they differ, by and large, only in design and price. What characteristics of boilers should be paid attention to before purchasing?
Video - Choosing a boiler for a bath
Production material
Most boilers are made of carbon steel of ordinary quality, the thickness of the sheets varies between 2 ÷ 5 mm, the most expensive ones can be made from thicker steel.
Over time, under the influence of high temperatures, steel begins to be released, the hardness decreases, and ductility increases. During these processes, the effect of residual deformation is manifested. This means that the linear dimensions of the boiler change, the opening / closing of the doors deteriorates, and there are risks of a violation of the tightness of the welds.
Recently, ductile iron boilers have begun to be produced. They have improved indicators for the duration of use, the designs are more resistant to high temperatures.
The technical parameters of such boilers are at a higher level, but, unfortunately, the price does not always increase in proportion to the improvement in quality. Due to unscrupulous advertising, manufacturers are trying to artificially increase their profits.
Another new achievement of manufacturers is the lining of the outer walls of metal boilers with cane. The boiler looks beautiful and prestigious. Manufacturers claim that it keeps heat longer, and this is true. But they are silent that it heats up much longer and, accordingly, it will take more time to warm up the steam room. In addition, the heat transfer of metal walls decreases, as a result of which they heat up to a higher temperature. And prolonged heating to such temperatures has a negative effect on the metal.
Soapstone finish - photo
Technical indicators and additional functions of metal boilers
The main tasks of boilers for a bath are to warm up the room to the set temperature as quickly as possible, maintain it in the desired parameters for a long time and make it possible to change it as quickly as possible. What can be said about metal boilers in this regard?
Warming up the room can be done in a minimum time. The boiler has a small mass of the furnace, it heats up very quickly to a high temperature and effectively heats the steam room. This is one of the main advantages of such boilers over brick stoves. Not everyone has the opportunity to heat a steam room for half a day to wash for an hour. Sometimes people come to the dacha for only a few hours and wish to complete all their affairs in this short time.
Unfortunately, after the combustion stops, the fuel cools down just as quickly. There are so-called long-burning boilers on sale. At a price they are more expensive than ordinary ones, but is it worth paying that kind of money for them? Let's figure it out.
Long burning boilers
Long burning boiler - photo
Appeared a long time ago, have their advantages and disadvantages. Manufacturers claim that one load of firewood will burn for a long time, and this will provide fuel savings and a stable room temperature. To understand where is the truth and what is a publicity stunt, you need to remember the school physics lessons. Thermal energy is needed to heat a room. For example, one armful of firewood during combustion can release 1 Gcal of heat. If firewood burns out in an ordinary boiler for an hour, then 1 Gcal of heat is released during this time. In the boiler, the same firewood will burn for 10 hours and during this time 1 Gcal of heat will also be released. Notice, not more, but exactly the same. This amount of heat can raise the temperature in the steam room by 100°C in an hour, or by 10°C in ten hours. For clarity, we used conditional figures, so it is easier to understand the meaning. Do I need a long-burning boiler in a steam room to keep it slightly warm?
One more nuance you should know. Burning time is regulated by the amount of air supplied to the furnace. Less oxygen - slower burning of firewood, more - firewood burns faster and gives off heat energy. The combustion process can be controlled much easier. Buy boilers that have adjustable holes on the blower or firebox door (or make them yourself), increase / decrease the amount of air as needed and you will have a long-burning boiler without large financial costs.
Factory long-burning boilers have quite a lot of different additional equipment, it costs a lot of money. And the efficiency of its use approaches zero.
Pyrolysis boilers
The most modern ones are considered more advanced modifications of long-burning boilers. What is the difference? First of all, in terms of price, the cost of such equipment is far from affordable for everyone. A great variety of automation has been installed, unfortunately, there is not much real benefit from it. In addition, the more additional equipment installed, the greater the chance that any of it will fail.
A pyrolysis boiler differs from a long-burning boiler in a slightly increased efficiency. The gases released during the slow burning or smoldering of firewood burn out in a special hydrolysis department. Preheated air is supplied to it through separate channels and gases containing combustible compounds burn out in an additional chamber.
Practitioners do not advise using such boilers for baths, they cannot meet the requirements for the speed and temperature of heating rooms. And it makes no economic sense to buy an expensive pyrolysis boiler to use it in the normal mode of burning firewood.
Video - Pyrolysis boilers
We remind you once again that we only give an objective overview of the various types of boilers, you will have to choose a specific option yourself, taking into account your own conditions. If you have a large bathhouse with several separate rooms, and not just a steam room and dressing room, then all types of boilers described can be used to heat other rooms.
Design features of furnaces
This characteristic has a significant impact on the comfort of taking bath procedures, it is worth paying attention to.
If a small number of people wash in the bath, then it is advisable to buy boilers of the first modification, otherwise it is better to make a firebox in another room.
There may also be boilers without an ash pan and a grate.
The absence of a grate slows down the burning rate of firewood, which causes an increase in the duration of heating the steam room. But it becomes possible to maintain a comfortable temperature for several hours. And here it is impossible to give unambiguous universal advice, it all depends on your specific conditions.
Features of the device heaters on metal boilers
Some manufacturers claim that only their boilers are capable of producing high-quality steam, this is one of the important advantages of the advertised products. What is quality steam? Such a characteristic does not exist, we can only talk about comfortable conditions for staying in a steam room, and they are individual for everyone.
The conditions in the steam room depend on the temperature and relative humidity of the air. The stronger the boiler is heated, the higher the temperature, and the more water is splashed on the heater, the higher the humidity. This means that high-quality steam is made by people, not boilers. You can add infusions of medicinal plants to the water and get a therapeutic effect. There is a desire - add aromatic substances to the water - the air will smell pleasant. By the way, if you splash a little natural beer on the stove, then a very pleasant smell of freshly baked bread will appear in the steam room.
We got acquainted with the characteristics of steam, it's time to move on to the heaters. What characteristics to look for when choosing a boiler?
There are options for boilers in which the heater is attached to all the walls of the stove. This is a pretty good option, a large amount of heat accumulates, the stones warm up to a high temperature.
Practical advice. A circular heater has one drawback - the likelihood of strong heating of the metal increases, which causes premature failure of the boiler. Buy those devices that have a small gap between the stones and the walls of the boiler, due to air convection, they are not allowed to overheat excessively.
Availability of water heater
This parameter can significantly affect the choice of a particular boiler model. What to pay attention to?
- Location. The container can be installed on the chimney pipe or on one of the boiler surfaces. In the first case, the water will heat up more slowly, but boil less often. In the second case, the opposite is true - it heats up faster and boils more often. The second placement option has one advantage - the water remains hot for a longer time due to the transfer of thermal energy by the walls.
- Manufacturing material. You can find water tanks made of both stainless and ferrous metals. Of course, the first option is preferable, but here the price factor already appears.
- Volume. Practice shows that it is not advisable to purchase boilers and containers for heating water with a volume of less than ten liters.
- Possibility of installation of additional equipment for automatic filling of containers with water. The presence of water supply in the bathhouse greatly improves the comfort of bathing procedures, there is no need to constantly add water and monitor its temperature.
Sometimes there are models with closed tanks that allow you to connect water heating to the premises. Pretty practical boilers, it is advisable to buy such for large baths. But you need to keep in mind that the heat transfer of the boiler to heat the steam room is reduced.
Weight and overall dimensions of boilers
According to these indicators, the selection is as individual as possible. A large number of metal boilers for a bath has a relatively small weight, which allows them to be installed directly on the flooring of a steam room or other room. But you need to take into account the dimensions of the floor beams or logs and compare their bearing capabilities with the parameters of the boiler.
If the boiler is quite large and heavy, then its installation must be envisaged even during construction work: prepare a concrete foundation or use reinforced beams and flooring at the installation site. Dimensions are taken into account taking into account the size of the steam room and the specific location of the boiler.
Important. During installation, pay attention to the location of the ceilings and the truss system, they should not interfere with the installation of the chimney. If problems arise, it is necessary to purchase different elbows to change the exit point of the chimney on the roof or to bring it outside through a special hole in the wall.
How to choose a boiler by power
A very interesting question that requires detailed consideration. In order to select the optimal power of the boiler, you need to know the thermal characteristics of the building as a whole and each room separately. We will immediately warn you that heat engineering calculations are one of the most difficult sections of design work.
The heat loss of a building depends on:
- ceiling heat loss. You need to know the thickness of the ceiling coating and the materials of manufacture;
- wall heat loss. For calculations, you need to have the same data as for ceilings. Plus materials and methods of external and internal cladding;
- floor heat loss. Here, in addition to the above, it is necessary to take into account the type of foundation (columnar ones are blown from all sides by the wind, and tape ones have only small air vents), the type of flooring (flowing with slots in the boards or solid), etc. These data significantly affect the amount of heat loss .
Additionally, you need to know the maximum and minimum temperatures in a given climatic zone, the rose and strength of the winds, the efficiency and type of ventilation. Another very important factor is the quality of construction work and the qualifications of builders. The same building, built with different quality, can have completely different heat loss indicators. Can you take into account all the data and accurately calculate the thermal performance of the bath? With this data, you can find out how much energy is needed to heat the premises to different temperatures.
Based on them, the power of the boiler should be selected. In the baths they put solid fuel boilers, in the vast majority on wood. In order to find out the power of the boiler, in addition to the characteristics of its engineering device, data on the thermal capacity of the fuel used per unit of time are needed.
The heat of combustion of firewood depends on:
This is far from a complete list of factors that directly affect the power of the heating boiler. Someone will be able to take into account these data, and not just once, but all the time the boiler is burning?
Practical advice. If you come across an article on calculating the power of a boiler or a brick stove for a bath, do not waste time reading it. Heat engineering is a very difficult science, it has many complex formulas, you need to not only know them, but also be able to use them. There are several SNiPs for calculating the heat losses of buildings, taking into account the materials of manufacture and architectural characteristics, with many tables and additional data. The correct description of the thermal calculations of one individual bath takes more than one page.
For example, only one of many indicators (heat flow on the inner surface of the outer wall) is calculated by the formula:
What to do? Everything is simple. Ask for advice from an experienced craftsman who has installed many boilers or laid more than one sauna stove, chat with neighbors who have different boilers or ask a question on a specialized forum. Only studying the practical information of users and comparing it with your own conditions will allow you not to make a mistake when choosing the brand and technical characteristics of the boiler for the bath.
We will try to give some practical advice on choosing a particular brand of heating boiler.
- Not always the high cost of the boiler corresponds to the same high quality. Moreover, the more the boiler has various additional devices, the less reliable it is. This is the law of mechanics, it must be observed.
And further. The failure of one device can disrupt the operation of the entire boiler; repairs will take a lot of time and financial resources. Conclusion. Do not chase the price, carefully study the performance characteristics of the unit.
- Before buying, decide what kind of steam room you want to have. Finnish with dry and very hot air, Russian with high humidity and low temperature, or something in between. Knowing exactly your preferences, you can choose a boiler depending on the maximum air heating temperature, the size of the heater and its location.
- How long will the steam room be used. This indicator plays an important role when choosing the heat capacity of the boiler structures, the method of burning firewood, the linear dimensions of the furnace, etc. If the entire bathing procedure lasts about one hour, you can purchase a cheaper and low-power boiler. If you have a lot of friends washing and it takes a sufficient amount of time - get solid boilers with a large supply of power.
- How many rooms should the boiler heat? Only a steam room, a steam room and a shower room, or all the additional rooms of a large bath? To heat one steam room, you need the simplest type of boiler; for simultaneous heating of additional rooms, you need a unit with the possibility of installing a heating system.
We strongly recommend that you think through all the issues with the boilers at the stage of creating a bath project, involve competent professional specialists or builders with extensive practical experience in performing such work.
When planning a plot for a country house, most owners seek to allocate a site for building a bath. This place will help not only to keep the body clean, but also give health to the body for a long time, raise vitality. Bath for a Russian person has always been more than just a place for taking water procedures. This is a whole cult, which traditionally receives a lot of attention.
The central place inside is occupied by boilers for a wood-fired sauna with a tank. This type of fuel has a significant number of advantages over the others. Also, during construction, it is possible to choose the most comfortable design scheme and its individual elements for a particular room. If you can’t do everything with your own hands, then you can simply buy a boiler for a wood-burning bath, but this will require much larger financial investments.
What is the boiler made of?
Before choosing a ready-made boiler for a wood-fired bath or its project for construction, you need to familiarize yourself with the internal structure of the system and its components. From the coordinated work of each component with the rest envy the overall effectiveness of the design.
In the scheme of home-made wood-fired bath boilers, the following elements are necessarily present:
- The base part is a heater. It contributes to the accumulation of heat generated by the system. The duration of retention depends on the total volume of the stone mound, capable of retaining the thermal energy generated by firewood.
- Central chimney. Its basis is a vertical pipe through which light combustion products are removed. It also generates traction, circulating air currents.
- Boilers for a wood-fired bath in Voronezh, Orel, Samara or another city will not do without a water heat exchanger. Its functions include heating water for its subsequent use.
- A walk-through tunnel with a small door will allow heating boilers for a wood-fired sauna, the price of which depends on the design, from a dressing room or from an adjacent room. Such a door is often made of heat-resistant glass.
- Firebox (firebox), an area in which firewood or other available solid fuel is heated. In this zone, heat is released from combustion products. The lower part is equipped with a grate of grates, on which fuel is laid for various, including cast-iron boilers for a wood-fired bath. You will need to mount the door opposite the firebox, as well as form bevels for automatic rolling of combustion residues.
- At the bottom of the boilers of the wood-fired baths (photos are presented on the page) have an ash pan. They are located under the grates and serve to collect burned-out ash falling from the firebox.
Each do-it-yourself water boiler for a wood-fired bath may differ from analogues in the structural arrangement of individual elements. At the same time, overall parameters affect its performance.
Principle of operation and device
Modern boilers for wood-fired baths, made by hand or bought in a specialized store, have the same principle of operation as those built many years ago. Solid fuel is placed inside the furnace in one of the possible ways. The option depends on the type of oven. During combustion, ash with soot is collected. They wake up through the grate into the ash pan. From there, the cooled particles are removed manually with a spatula.
Warm air, heated by burning firewood from the firebox, rises, providing heat to the heater and the layer of stones located on it. The latter slowly releases its heat to the room, providing a comfortable temperature for the steam room.
Manufacturers offer combined wood-fired sauna boilers using gas as an alternative heating method. However, not all areas have the opportunity to connect to the gas supply system, so the classic mono-fuel model is more popular.
The difference between the designs of boilers in a wood-burning bath (photo below, the price is here or on the website of the manufacturer's company) is most often in the location of the water tank.
There are several areas of its installation that have positive qualities:
- Schemes with remote tanks. This type is the most popular design. With its help, it is possible to obtain hot water used in heating the rest of the building. This model allows you to warm the air inside well before the water has time to boil. It is in demand in baths that use dry and hot air. The material used for the tank is high quality stainless steel. Installation is carried out, as a rule, in an adjacent room, and the connection is carried out using registers, or a pipe hose. The disadvantage of the design is the relative complexity of installation work, additional costs for registers and the complexity of installation.
- The extension tank is mounted directly into the chamber to the firebox. The design is relevant for furnaces made of pipes. Heating of water in them is carried out at the top point of the furnace. However, this is not always an effective solution. The main rule used in the installation of such structures is maximum tightness for all seams, which will extend the life of the device.
- Installation of a tank on a chimney pipe is distinguished by two installation options: a tank in the form of a cube or a parallelogram is a passage unit to the roof or a tank serves as a passage unit through the ceiling to the second floor. The container is heated not only due to heat exchange in the pipe, but also due to furnace registers, which allows the use of significant volumes during heating of the liquid.
- The hinged design of the tank provides for mounting on a wall or other vertical surface. The water is heated inside due to the heat exchange received from the furnace walls. The material used for this construction is stainless steel.
Average prices for stoves with different water tank locations
Designs with built-in or mounted water tank
A tank for heating water is a metal container of a certain volume, where cold water is initially poured and in the process of heating the furnace, it heats up.
A hinged tank, which is located on the other side of the stove (in some cases, even in another room) is not always convenient. Also doubtful is the pleasure of washing from the tank, which is built into the furnace body.
Firstly, it is impossible to control how much water is left and whether it is necessary to add. Secondly, constantly boiling water will give off too much steam, which is not very comfortable for a small steam room.
Benefits of a remote water tank
Any storage tank in the bath can be heated in one of two ways - either from the firebox itself or from the chimney. The remote tank can only be heated by means of pipes leading from the furnace coil. The disadvantage of the design is the need for a close location to the stove (no more than 300 cm), but for most steam rooms this is enough.
An example of a remote water tank
In general, water heating in the bath can be organized systematically - if the tank is large, the chimney will be the best location when passing hot smoke heats the water. Small storage tanks can be installed directly on the heater, but then it is necessary to organize a good steam outlet. It is advisable to mount small tanks outside the steam room.
Overview of the best models
On the market are wood-burning stoves for a bath with a tank, both domestic and foreign manufacturers. We will review the best models that have earned the recognition of the buyer.
The best foreign boilers for a wood-fired bath with a tank
When choosing a boiler for a wood-fired bath, you should also think about its safety. Domestic models are more often non-volatile, foreign products require an electrical connection
The budget option of the Finnish manufacturer, which is characterized by a long service life, high performance and convenient operation.
Model specifications:
- Dimensions - 430x760x650 mm
- Weight - 75 kg
- Thermal power - 18 kW
- Chimney diameter - 115 mm
- The volume of the built-in tank - 20 liters.
The external casing of the unit is made of stainless steel, and there is a cast-iron door with glass to complement the special atmosphere of the sauna with the reflections of the fire.
The average cost of the furnace will be - 39,000 rubles.
Feature of this model - the body is made of stainless steel, resistant to corrosion, which is especially important when using the device in a sauna or bath. The stove is installed in the steam room, but the firebox is fired from an adjacent room.
Specifications:
- Dimensions - 810x510x510 mm
- Weight without stones - 80 kg
- Thermal power - 31 kW
- The volume of the steam room - 14-36 cubic meters
- Chimney diameter - 115 mm
The average cost is 89,000 rubles.
A model with a built-in tank from a well-known Finnish manufacturer, which has been supplying high-quality bath and sauna stoves to European markets for almost 100 years. Kastor Karhu 18 PK ES is made of stainless alloyed metal, the door has a heat-resistant glass insert.
Product Specifications:
- Dimensions - 435x695x780mm.
- Tank volume - 26 liters.
- Chimney diameter - 135 mm.
- Furnace weight - 76 kg.
- The volume of the steam room is up to 18 cubic meters. meters.
The average cost of this model will be 49,000 rubles.
The best Russian boilers for a wood-fired bath with a tank
Russian models of wood-fired boilers are recognized all over the world as high-quality and reliable equipment without any frills and excessive automation of combustion processes.
One of the best models of the domestic manufacturer Teplodar, which, when designing the product, paid great attention to the issue of the temperature of the outgoing flue gases, minimizing it and thereby providing a comfortable atmosphere in the steam room.
Specifications:
- Dimensions - 702x331x850mm.
- Weight - 46 kg.
- Material - structural steel.
- Type of heater - open.
- Chimney diameter - 115 mm.
- The volume of the steam room is up to 10 cubic meters.
The main advantage of the model is that the walls of the furnace are made of structural steel up to 4 mm thick, which ensures a long service life of the product. It is also worth noting the low cost of the device - on average, the purchase will cost 12,000 rubles.
A compact model for arranging a small bath with a steam room up to 14 sq. meters. The fire chamber is made of steel 6 mm thick. The body and the system of gas ducts are made of steel 4 mm thick, in places with the greatest thermal load - lined steel up to 6 mm.
Design features:
- Depth of a fire chamber - to 500 mm.
- The location of the chimney is central.
- Power - 12 kW.
The average cost of such a furnace is 11,900 rubles.
The stove for a bath from a Tver manufacturer, which offers its customers economical and easy-to-use designs. A convenient option for the bath, which is not connected to the water supply. The water tank is hung in a special pocket on the side wall of the furnace, heating is carried out by transferring heat from the wall of the structure. The main plus is that the tank is removable, it is easy to remove and wash.
Technical characteristics of the device:
- Power - 18 kW.
- The capacity of the combustion chamber is 0.075 cubic meters.
- Fuel - firewood.
- Dimensions - 860x450x720 mm.
- Weight - 120 kg.
- The internal volume of the chimney is 110mm.
- The volume of the steam room is 24 cubic meters. meters.
- The capacity of the hanging tank is 50 liters.
Among the advantages of this model, it is worth highlighting such points as ease of installation and maintenance, no need for plumbing, the water tank is made of food steel, fast water heating, uniform heating of stones.
And, of course, one should not forget about such a main plus - it is an affordable cost - the average price of a product will be 18,000 rubles.
A compact wood-burning stove with a water tank, a steel turbo-firebox that optimizes the combustion process until the fuel is completely burned with maximum heat release.
Specifications:
- Dimensions - 720x500x800 mm.
- The volume of the steam room is up to 26 cubic meters.
- Tank volume - 35 liters.
- Chimney diameter - 110 mm.
- Fire chamber material - steel.
- Weight - 90 kg.
- Thickness of metal - 10 mm.
Among the advantages of this model, we highlight the following: the presence of a mirror metal door, a convenient cleaning hole, equipment with additional stiffeners, triple protection against infrared radiation.
The average cost of the device will be 24,000 rubles.
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