Loans to start a small business. How to get a loan to start a business. Business plan for obtaining a loan. What to look for
Working for yourself is much more interesting and, most often, more profitable than for a third-party organization. Therefore, citizens have an interest in starting their own business. But not every person has his own means to start an activity. Therefore, the issue of lending to start-up entrepreneurs (IE) is extremely relevant. Next, the features of obtaining bank loans and the procedure for obtaining gratuitous assistance from the state will be considered.
How to get a loan for a beginner entrepreneur
In almost all banks, the most basic requirement for a client-entrepreneur is that he has experience in this area of activity. Some institutions consider applications if the work experience is at least a year, others - at least 6 months. In any case, an unemployed citizen or an employee who has just decided to start a business is unlikely to be able to get a loan from a bank as an individual entrepreneur for these purposes.Almost the only way out in this situation will be. Such loans are issued for any purpose, so the funds can be used to start your own business. The disadvantage of this solution is that a citizen can receive a rather modest amount for. In addition, the cost of loans for individuals is an order of magnitude higher compared to loans for enterprises.
You can also consider the option of obtaining a loan outside the bank. But a private loan or a loan from a non-bank financial institution usually involves high interest on the use of funds.
An alternative to a loan can be government assistance to start your own business. The Employment Center offers unemployed citizens a subsidy in the amount of an annual unemployment benefit. The amount depends on the level of salary for the previous period, but cannot exceed 58,800 rubles. Those. It's not a loan, it's a grant.
To receive funds from the Center, the borrower must:
- register with the Employment Center for unemployment;
- take a course on Features entrepreneurial activity»;
- write and defend your own business plan before the commission;
- obtain approval for the issuance of funding;
- register as an entrepreneur;
- get money and start your own business;
- report on the funds spent (confirm their intended use).
You can also use programs from banks with state participation (Sberbank, Rosselkhozbank, VTB). SME Bank also offers assistance in financing entrepreneurs. Support is provided through partner banks, which independently decide whether to grant a loan or not. Therefore, such programs are mainly provided to established enterprises with business experience, and not to beginners.
Features of a loan for opening an IP
An individual entrepreneur is a citizen and a legal entity at the same time. Therefore, a bank loan can be issued both as part of the provision of services to organizations.
It should be understood that any loan received by an individual officially has nothing to do with the business. When considering issues in the bankruptcy court, these loans cannot be written off.
Regardless of how exactly the loan is issued (for an individual or organization), most banks ask for collateral as a guarantee of debt repayment. The collateral can be:
- real estate (residential, commercial);
- vehicle (for personal use or used for business purposes);
- equipment, special equipment;
- commodity stocks, raw materials and supplies.
Usually, when lending to individual entrepreneurs, bank employees carry out a complete financial and economic assessment of activities with a visit to the place of business. But when financing the opening of a company, clients still have nothing to show, since there is no activity. To increase your chances of getting a loan from a bank, a client can announce what investments he has already made in the organization of activities, and confirm this documented or visually:
- provide a check for the purchase of raw materials, building materials, equipment (or a receipt for prepayment);
- present a certificate of ownership (or a signed lease agreement) for the property to be used in the business;
- show the property that is intended for activity;
- provide an account statement or demonstrate that you have your own savings.
Before applying for a loan for an individual entrepreneur, you should understand what types of loans are.
- factoring - coverage accounts receivable on credit;
- leasing - the client uses the subject of the loan on a lease basis, and becomes the owner only after full payment of the debt under the agreement.
Loan payments can be as follows:
- annuity (each month the total amount of payment is the same);
- differentiated schedule (the body is paid every month in equal installments, interest gradually decreases);
- individual schedule (set taking into account the specifics of the client's work).
Banks that give loans to individual entrepreneurs: an overview of offers *
As part of the Business Start product, it issues a loan for the purchase of a franchise or the organization of a business according to an existing standard project. In the latter case, there are some peculiarities. A well-known trademark is not used to expand the sales market, the borrower works independently.
A franchise involves opening a business under a well-known brand using a well-known brand and established business relationships. The borrower receives comprehensive support in all aspects of the business from the franchisor (owner trademark), as well as from Sberbank. The client uses a ready-made business plan that has already proven itself to be successful and profitable, and does not come up with something of his own. This allows you to significantly minimize the risks of failure of the entrepreneur.
Loans for individual entrepreneurs in the Russian Agricultural Bank have an agricultural focus (purchase of grain, young animals, etc.). You can also get a loan secured by the purchased equipment and apply for a loan for the purchase of business real estate. As part of the State Contract product, entrepreneurs can receive up to 45 million rubles to ensure the execution of the State Order.
By this loan collateral is not required, and the amount can be issued in full (up to 100% of the required). The loan repayment schedule can be drawn up individually, taking into account the receipt of payments from the customer. But loans from Rosselkhozbank can be obtained by those entrepreneurs who have been working for at least a year. Those. the offer can be used if a decision is made to open a new line of activity in the presence of an existing one. For example, the borrower raised cattle, and now decided to grow wheat.
VTB 24 issues an Investment loan for the implementation of new projects. Credit money can be used for construction, repair, purchase of real estate, special equipment, etc. It is allowed to issue a loan for up to 7 years, it is allowed to cover the loan with collateral only for 85% of the total debt. Applications from 4 million rubles are considered. and higher. You can fill out the form directly on the site.
*Date of data update – April 2015.
Getting a loan to start your own business is a common practice. Lack of work does not mean that funding will absolutely be denied. To get a loan to start a business, you need to understand the features of the procedure and take into account a number of significant points.
Getting a business loan - what is it
The concept of "business loan" means receiving a sum of money from a bank that can be spent for any commercial purposes:
- purchase or lease of premises;
- purchase of products;
- purchase of goods;
- formation of the constituent capital fund;
- purchase and commissioning of machinery and/or equipment, etc.
It is possible to purchase with credit funds and ready business- organizations with a well-established work, an existing client base and confirmed turnover.
Important! Conducting commercial activities is possible only by persons registered in the form of an organization (LLC, JSC, CJSC and others) or individual entrepreneurs.
Who can apply for a business loan
Theoretically, there are 2 options:
- the loan is issued to a legal entity;
- The borrower is a private client.
In practice, in order to apply for a loan, a registered small business will need to disclose information about its current activities and leave collateral, such as equipment or other assets. For companies that have not yet begun to work, but have only received constituent documents, this type of lending is not available.
Making a loan for a private person to start a business is a more feasible option. But it is important to keep in mind that the approved amount for consumer lending programs in most cases will be in the range of 200 thousand to 1 million rubles. It is necessary to accurately calculate whether this money will be enough to open a business and pay related costs.
Will the unemployed get a loan to start their own business?
If you are not working, then getting a loan is problematic, but possible. But for this, most banks will need to confirm a favorable financial situation - you can provide documents for property or certificates of additional sources of income.
If possible, a loan secured by real estate or a car is available. In this case, the maximum amount will be equal to the value of the pledged property, which gives more financial opportunities for the implementation of the project.
How to answer questions about the employer when applying for a loan
Even if the bank does not require you to provide certificates from the place of employment and / or a copy of the work book to apply for a loan, you will still need to indicate the details of the employer in the questionnaire. Moreover, the majority financial institutions require that at the time of the application the client has worked at the current place for at least 3-6 months.
Non-working borrowers can get out of the situation in several ways:
- Establish a company or register yourself as an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you can specify your own company as an employer. At the same time, before filling out an application, it is important to clarify whether the selected bank lends to individual entrepreneurs and business owners.
- Provide details of a fictitious or previous employer. This option can only be used if the bank does not verify the information provided. If the fraud is discovered, then the requested amount will be denied.
If there is no work, but there is a desire to open a business from scratch, then it is worth considering the option of obtaining a loan with the registration of a company or individual entrepreneur - in order to conduct business and open a company account, registering yourself as a legal entity will still be necessary. The second option should be used only in extreme cases.
Pitfalls of taking a loan for a business without a job
When obtaining a loan to start a business, you should make a high-quality financial forecast. In the absence of work, it is important to make sure that alternative sources of income and profit from the created business will be enough to service the obligations assumed.
If the loan debt is secured by real estate or a car, then in case of untimely or incomplete payment of the obligations assumed, it is possible to sell the pledge in order to pay off the overdue debt that has arisen.
Be sure to take into account that without confirmation of employment, the loan rate will be higher than for similar programs issued with a full package of documents.
Which banks are ready to give a loan to the unemployed to open a business
An analysis of bank offers showed that not a single credit organization is ready to provide a loan to the unemployed. But a sufficient number of banks offer to lend to private borrowers without proof of employment.
Business loan without collateral
Without providing a copy of a work book or an employment contract, most banks are not ready to give the borrower an amount. For more funding, please contact:
- - it is proposed to issue up to 700 thousand rubles at a rate of 11.9% to 25.5%;
- - you can take up to 1 million rubles at 14.9%–28.9% per annum;
- - available up to 1 million rubles at a rate of 18.9% to 22.9% per year;
- - up to 1 million rubles at a rate of 12.9%, subject to the payment of a one-time commission in the amount of 1% to 4.9% of the debt amount.
The interest rate is set for each person who applied personally after analyzing the data provided. The bank has the right to request the provision of additional documents, including a copy of the work book or employment contract. If it is impossible to satisfy the requirement on the application, in most cases a refusal will be issued.
Secured business loan
Bail if possible real estate or a car, the loan amount can be increased to 8-10 million rubles.
Without providing documents confirming income, you can get a loan secured by a car in:
- Loco Bank - you can take up to 5 million rubles at a rate of 12.3% per annum to 14.4%, a one-time commission of 1.5% of the loan amount is required;
- - offered up to 1 million rubles at 19-32% per annum.
If possible, confirm income in alternative ways (for example, a certificate from pension fund or documents on receipt of income from renting an apartment) it is most advantageous to contact:
- - rate from 11.25% to 21%;
- Housing Finance Bank - rate from 12.99% with a one-time commission of 4.9%;
- - rate from 13.5% to 14%;
- - rate of 13.5% per annum.
It is legally established that when lending against collateral, collateral insurance (real estate or car) is mandatory. Also, the bank may increase the interest rate if the borrower refuses to issue personal protection in case of death or loss of health. On average, 1-3% will be added to the above rates if you do not want to take out a policy of such insurance.
Hollywood films often show us unemployed people who come to the bank with a business plan and apply for a loan to start a business. In Russia, it is worth recognizing that this system is practically not developed, however, in our country, if you wish, you can get borrowed funds and start your own business.
In today's article, we will talk about how and where you can get a loan to start a business. We will also discuss what is needed for this and what are the alternatives to bank lending.
The desire to run your own business is quite often broken by the need to have start-up funds. And if in some activities, then many popular and sought-after small business sectors require significant investment.
Example. To open a mini-bakery, you will need funds to rent premises, purchase ovens, tables, and bring the necessary communications. The total amount of investments at the initial stage can range from 200-300 thousand to a million rubles.
Unlike very common and investment loans, getting a business loan from scratch is quite difficult and time-consuming. This is due to the high risks of the bank - not every credit institution will decide to sponsor a "pig in a poke".
In fact, today loans for small businesses from scratch are actively issued by only Sberbank. At the same time, it also imposes a lot of requirements and restrictions.
If you are interested in how to get a loan to start a business, we suggest that you consider the usual conditions for such loans:
- Low interest rate is the main advantage.
- The amount does not exceed 1 million rubles.
- Share of own funds – at least 20%(i.e. a loan to start a small business covers a maximum of 80% of the required amount).
- Collateral for a loan is a guarantee of third parties and a pledge of property. Small loans from banks may be limited to guarantee.
- The loan is issued based on the study of the business plan. At the same time, banks most often limit the areas of activity they lend and offer their own standard schemes.
Sberbank issues loans to open a business and purchase franchises. In the first case, the client is offered a choice of a dozen areas of activity, for each of which a standard business plan has already been developed.
- The client is obliged to register as a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, undergo training at the bank and work through accounts opened with the creditor.
- If necessary (for example, when the client does not have a regular income at the time of obtaining a loan) the bank can offer a deferment for payments up to six months.
How to successfully get a loan to start a small business from scratch
Not having the necessary amount and the ability to save it, many people leave the dream of own business. However, there is a great opportunity to become an entrepreneur without the necessary initial capital - to get a loan to start a small business from scratch.
So how do you start your business with just an idea? We offer a short guide on how to get a business loan from scratch.
- Find out which banks and financial groups in your area are lending to start-ups. Usually this list limited to just a few titles.
- Carefully study the requirements for borrowers and the project posted on banking portals. Determine how you fit under these restrictions, whether your business complies with them.
- If all the conditions suit you, it's time to get busy. One idea is not enough- the bank needs to find out how much you plan to spend, for what, in what time frame, and also when the project will start to pay off.
- Make sure you have enough savings to cover at least 20% of the project costs.
- Desirable make pre-arrangements on rent, purchase of goods, raw materials, negotiate with the seller of transport and equipment.
- Gather all the documents you need to apply well in advance.
- Decide on the collateral and guarantee that you can provide to the bank. in this case, they are not issued - the bank needs significant guarantees for the return of funds.
- Submit an application to the bank, attaching a business plan and a package of documents.
- Application processing may take from 3-4 days to 2 weeks depending on the complexity of the project and the volume of documents.
- In case of a positive decision, you sign the loan and collateral documentation, open a bank account.
- The loan is usually provided in the form non-renewable line.
- It should be remembered that a loan for opening a business is targeted, and its use must clearly comply with the business plan. For each transaction, you provide the bank with supporting documents (receipts, checks, sales contracts).
Are there worthy alternatives to a bank loan?
If you have studied the material on how to get a loan to start a small business, and came to the conclusion that such a loan is impossible, there is a way out. Note that many novice entrepreneurs face a number of problems:
- The Bank does not lend to the chosen scheme of activity, as it is unable to assess its profitability.
As a rule, such loans are issued only for very popular types of business - hairdressing services, bakeries, beauty salons, etc.
- The entrepreneur does not have the opportunity to secure the loan with collateral and surety.
- Loan amount is not enough to cover necessary expenses (for example, you need to purchase an expensive production line, raw materials, materials).
- The client has a negative credit history.
However, even in these cases, you can get funds and open the business of your dreams. Let's list them:
- Many aspiring entrepreneurs bypass, and in vain. By using gratuitous financial assistance, you can cover a significant part of the costs of starting a business.
- Entrepreneurs who are confident in the profitability of their future business can look for a suitable investment company. This will require a detailed business plan, luck and a good gift of persuasion.
- Small business willingly funded business angels. These are individuals who not only invest, but also provide assistance, share their experience with a novice entrepreneur.
- If you need a small amount and you receive a stable income, you can easily apply for a regular consumer credit and allocate funds to start a business. The main advantage of this method is that such loans do not require collateral.
Conclusion
So, you can get a loan to open a business in Russia, but this procedure has a lot of restrictions and obstacles. A few banks that issue such ones impose rather serious requirements on borrowers, issue funds only against collateral and surety. In addition, there are restrictions on the scope of the future enterprise.
At the same time, there are alternatives. A small business start-up loan can be replaced by investments, consumer loans, government subsidies, personal or family savings. Final Choice remains with the future entrepreneur.
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Lending programs for small and medium-sized businesses now exist in almost every major bank. For IP and legal entities not just money is offered, but targeted programs designed to meet the needs of business owners and the characteristics of the field of activity.
What loans can be obtained for opening and developing a business in Moscow
Small and medium-sized businesses are offered several targeted programs:
- loan for current expenses: money is provided for any purpose;
- , for the implementation of expenditure operations and an increase in inventory;
- for the purchase commercial real estate and land;
Loan programs differ in the form of receipt. Many banks have express lending, which allows you to urgently receive funds without guarantors and with a minimum package of documents.
A target loan can be issued by both novice businessmen and owners of long-standing enterprises. Especially for start-ups, banks offer loans to small businesses from scratch. As part of this program, you can buy a franchise, a ready-made enterprise, and also receive funding for the development of a business developed according to your own business plan.
Small business loans - conditions and requirements
Conditions vary depending on the bank and the purpose of the loan. Lenders consider applications from owners of enterprises with annual revenues of up to 400 million rubles. Special requirements are put forward in relation to the duration of the company. The business should not be less than 3 months old (in some banks - at least 6-12 months).
Conditions depend on the loan program:
- rates from 11% per annum;
- a business loan from scratch in Moscow can only be obtained with a guarantor or on bail;
- term - up to 5 years;
- when purchasing commercial real estate, vehicles and equipment, an initial payment is required.
To get a loan to buy a business in Moscow, you will need to collect an extensive package of papers:
- personal documents of the business owner (passport, TIN);
- reports on the financial activities of the enterprise;
- founding documents.
If a loan is issued to open a business, then the borrower must provide a business plan and documents on registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. When choosing a loan program, one should proceed from the goals, requirements of banks and their capabilities. Credit calculator will help you quickly calculate the monthly payment, percentage and amount of overpayment.
Those who want to open their own business should understand such a simple thing: if it doesn’t work the first time, this does not mean that you should give up everything.
Problem start-up capital often hinders the opening of their own business.
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Start-up: debts cannot be avoided (in what cases do you need a loan to start a business)
Most people who are at the initial stage of opening their business are psychologically ready for this, have a well-thought-out idea, and have collected all the necessary information.
However, faced with the need for funding, they have a question: where to get the money? There is a way out - apply to the bank for a loan or find other sources.
Non-bank financing is very diverse. Let's consider some options in more detail.
Private loan shark
If you do not have a project that will pay off in a few months or you do not have friends who can “protect” if relations with a moneylender worsen, it is better not to contact him.
Such loans cost from 3 to 10% per month (36-120% per annum). Typically, these loans are issued on the security of a car, real estate, but unlike bank loans, a pledge agreement is not drawn up.
Relatives-friends
The terms of the debt should be stipulated immediately, and for its part, unquestioningly adhere to the agreements. After all, 99.9% of such relationships turn into hostility due to the unwillingness to return the money.
Sale of shares
If you decide to let an investor into your business, then he should be familiar to you.
It is not worth offering him a share that is larger than yours, and all agreements must be legally correct immediately, clearly stipulating the process of sharing possible profits.
Ideally, if the investor will not be directly involved in the management of your business.
Sale of own assets
All assets that are not income generators are liabilities. They do not help to earn money, but it is almost impossible to live without them.
The main secret of a successful business start is saving on liabilities (cheap phone, public transport, inexpensive clothes).
But business adds 200 % per year, and in a couple of years you will be able to buy an expensive liability - a car, a house. And the approach to getting rid of liabilities in favor of assets must be balanced.
Bank loan
One of the most common ways to start, but also one of the most expensive. Banks are willing to provide loans to "promoted" entrepreneurs, and there are many obstacles for beginners. Let's dwell on this method in more detail.
How to get a loan to open a small business in a bank?
If you are in need of a relatively small loan to start a small business, but need the money quickly, it makes sense to get a loan in the name of an individual.
In this situation, the bank will require an explanation of how you are going to secure it in the event of your possible insolvency.
Depending on the size of the loan, a guarantee of third parties or material security (real estate or liquid property - products made of precious metals, antiques) will serve as such security.
Requirements for the borrower
What your organization needs at the time of applying for a loan:
- To exist for some time (the best option is a year).
- Have a non-zero tax financial statements for this period.
- There are no debts on this report.
- Full legitimacy and transparency of operations.
- Business plan.
If you start a business from scratch
Previously, the practice of lending to start-ups was not advertised, they were financed only by selected banking institutions, and then with an impeccable business plan.
A loan for opening a new business was included in the high-risk category for the bank. A novice entrepreneur does not yet have a permanent income and it is difficult for a bank to compile business analytics to assess its solvency. You have no guarantors or collateral.
Thus, the loan rates for a start-up business were much higher than for an existing one. Today, things are different, banks even offer special programs for "newcomers".
Collection of documents
The package of documents required for submission to the bank:
- certificate of positive credit history borrower;
- proof of the implementation of the entrepreneurial activity project (business plan, license);
- documents for collateral;
- passport, TIN.
Without guarantors
There are banks that give express loans to individuals without collateral and without collateral, but at a fairly high percentage.
Credit agencies provide a loan even without a residence permit, a work book and a certificate of 2 personal income tax.
But their way of working is not entirely decent: they often forge the documentation required to obtain a loan, which can cause problems for you. In addition, the credit agency will take a huge percentage for the mere fact of obtaining a loan.
Issue price
Banks offer many loans. The largest of them can offer the following conditions:
- Rosbank. Provides a loan for the purchase of real estate, equipment or vehicles, as well as replenishment of working capital or renovation of premises up to 40 million rubles. term up to 5 years(commission from 0.3% to 1.5% plus deposit). Credit rate from 12% to 16.5%.
- Bank "Petrocommerce". Offers up to 50 million rubles. term up to 10 years. Loan rate - 12,5% , plus and the guarantee of the Small Business Lending Assistance Fund.
- "Forabank". You can apply here, having your own property and having guarantors, to obtain a loan at a rate of 14% per annum for 10 years and within 600 million rubles.
- Sberbank. They have a "Business Start" program. Its peculiarity is in the offer of opening a franchise business. The bank releases the amount up to 3 million rubles. at a rate of 1 7,5 – 18,5% . on 3.5 years.
Watch a video about the features of a small business loan
Tips from experienced borrowers
To reduce the interest rate, apply for a loan to a legal entity. For the bank, it does not matter to whom to issue a loan: an entrepreneur, an individual or an LLC. Therefore, there is no need to focus on slogans like "special loans for individual entrepreneurs."
Banks include individual entrepreneurs and LLCs registered less than 6 months ago to the category of "unreliable borrower". Accounting in the drug dispensary, overdue loans in other banks, and the presence of a criminal record also affect.
Refusal can be obtained due to tax debts, debt fees to various budget funds. Not in at its best they will say about you unpaid settlement documentation, non-payment wages company employees.
How to get a government loan?
Only state-owned banks are allowed to engage in such lending. Their hallmark is reliability.
In a state bank, the interest rate tends to be maintained throughout the entire term of the loan.
Receipt state loan possibly on very favorable terms, if you can count on benefits. For example, for young families interest rates lower and longer loan terms.
If such a loan is not repaid on time, only lawful methods are used to repay it. No one will forcefully knock out money, the maximum threat is a trial in court.
Support Bodies
Today, state and municipal funds operate in many Russian regions.
They conduct expert reviews of entrepreneurs' projects, provide them with financial support, and also finance regional support programs.
Guarantee and Guarantee Funds facilitate lending by providing loan guarantees and guarantees.
Conditions
The leading position among banks willingly providing loans for small businesses belongs to the Savings Bank of Russia. To obtain such a loan, in accordance with the state loan program for small businesses, a minimum package of documents is expected from an entrepreneur, and funds are provided in cash.
Within the framework of the state program for providing loans for small businesses, a number of specific requirements are expected to be met:
- the period allotted for consideration of an application for a loan from the date of submission of documents by the borrowers should not be more than 8 days;
- the size of the provided credit resource is not limited;
- loan terms cannot exceed 3 years;
- for the entire amount of the loan, it is mandatory to provide a surety or guarantees of third parties;
- collateral must be provided.
Documentation
Each banking institution issues its own instructions and requests for obtaining a loan.
An approximate list of documentation that needs to be collected by the IP:
- A copy of the passport with registration at the location of the loan.
- A copy of the certificate of state registration.
- Copies of permits for the right to engage in certain types of activities.
- Documentation confirming the implementation of your business activities (business contracts, etc.).
- Lease agreement for the location of your business.
- Certificates from PF and KFOMS.
- Certificate of tax registration.
- List of property offered as collateral.
- Documentation confirming the ownership of the property transferred as collateral.
- Certificate of no encumbrance on collateral.
- Information about the balance of goods and materials in the warehouse.
- Certificate of marriage (dissolution of marriage) of the entrepreneur and the consent of the second half to the transfer of property as a pledge.
Is it real?
You can get a government loan, but like any other type of lending, it has a number of disadvantages. The most significant of them is the difficulty in obtaining it. The procedure for considering the submitted application can take quite a long period of time, and it is not a fact that you can count on a positive outcome.
Requirements for small businesses are too high, it is necessary to collect a large number of documents. The amount of support, in turn, is limited by indicators of "increase in tax payments."
No business can predict what a particular year will be like for it.
Among other things, the matter is aggravated by “punitive measures” for the unfulfilled business development plan, for not submitting reports to state support authorities in a timely manner.
The prospect of a small business that started with a loan
To date, some sectors of small business are underdeveloped. The reasons for this lie in the needs of such a business, because development requires long-term and relatively inexpensive loans, since most entrepreneurs urgently need to replace technologies or introduce modern equipment.
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