The best varieties of peas by species. Taste of childhood: the best varieties of peas for growing Peas with long pods
Peas are the most common of all legumes. All varieties are divided into two groups: sugar and shelling. In sugar - fruits at an early stage of maturity can be consumed together with pods (shutters). In shelling - due to the existing hard layer (parchment), these wings are inedible.
We used to call peas in an unripe state diminutively peas. We say, for example, “pies with peas”, and salad - “with peas”. Is there in foreign languages these shades? On canned food you will find names in English - and everywhere "peas" - no affectionate reductions. Shelled, green, pod - respectively "split peas", "green peas", "peas in the pot".
Now let's talk specifically about the varieties and how to choose them correctly and determine the quality.
Green peas (sugar and brain varieties)
From the point of view of gastronomy, the most valuable is the fresh young pea fruit - "green peas". It is his buyer chooses most often. They eat not only fresh, but also stew with other vegetables, side dishes, soups are prepared from it.
The greenest, i.e. the most immature peas are sugar beans. This is the first maturity when harvested 8-10 days after flowering. This is the period when the pods are green, flat, juicy, fleshy and tender at the same time, and the pea seeds in them are still completely immature. If you want to eat the most tender peas - and eat it completely with a pod - then look for it with such characteristics. “Mange tous” or “eat whole” is what the French call it.
On the 12-15th day after flowering, the crop is already harvested for green peas. It is during this period that the greatest amount of sugar is found in the fruits. Peas ripen further and turn into peas of the next stage of maturity. The amount of sugar in it decreases as it ripens, while the amount of starch increases.
brain varieties
You should pay attention to brain varieties of peas. The name comes from the fact that the fruits become shriveled at the end of their ripening or during the drying process. Due to the fact that starch accumulates in it the least, it has the best taste and is considered the sweetest. This variety is used for preparing various salads and canning. It is not recommended to cook it, but sometimes it is added to the soup at the end of cooking at the last moment.
Tasting is the best way to check the quality of green peas
If you choose a sugar variety, the most The best way determining the presence of sugar, and, consequently, the quality of green peas - try it. The tastier and sweeter it is, the better.
shelling peas
Shelling peas have rounded seeds and are starchy and high in calories. It is used, as a rule, for preparation of soups and porridges. Pods are not used unlike sugar varieties.
This variety is harvested when the pod is still green and the peas have grown to the desired size. An overripe fruit loses its green color, a dull white color appears, the taste changes, and signs of a white grid appear on the surface.
Shelling varieties are sold whole and chopped, you can also find pea flour, groats and chopped. Often it is used in canned food.
Good quality peas have grains that are uniform in size, large and not eaten by pests.
Storage
Green peas, unlike green peas, deteriorate and fade quite quickly, so put them in a cool, dark place as soon as possible after buying them. But if you do not plan to use it on the same day, be sure to put it in the refrigerator. At a temperature of 0-2 degrees Celsius, it will last up to 3 days, and then there will be a decrease in sugars, vitamin C, and an increase in starch content.
If fresh peas are difficult to store, then freezing or canning will be the most convenient way. Moreover, quick freezing is the most optimal way to harvest peas.
Peas are a very ancient food product, which is constantly confirmed by archaeologists. In Rus', this vegetable was used daily even "under Tsar Peas." It was considered a necessary and everyday food until the moment when a new variety was brought from Holland (17th century) - sugar (green peas), which for a long time became food for the nobility, and not for commoners. Today, this variety is considered a popular and healthy delicacy.
Peas are not only tasty legumes, but also quite nutritious and high-calorie. Many nutritionists advise eating it without fail. And growing this culture is not so difficult, since it is not too picky about growing conditions. Many varieties of peas differ not only in terms of ripening of the crop, but also in their properties, which you need to pay attention to when choosing a variety for cultivation.
Avola
An early ripe fruitful variety of peas, after seed germination, it will take about 55-60 days until the beans ripen. The plant is not tall, grows up to 70 cm. The length of the beans usually does not exceed 9 cm, their top is rounded, in one there are up to 8 peas of dark green color and almost the same size. The variety is suitable for processing, conservation and fresh consumption, resistant to Fusarium wilt.
Alpha
A representative of varieties with early crop maturation, the fruits of technical ripeness can be obtained 45-55 days after the seedlings hatch. The height of the bushes is 50-55 cm. The length of the pods ranges from 7-9 cm, the width is up to 1.5 cm, approximately 5-9 dark green peas are formed in each. The variety is resistant to low temperatures, fusarium and ascochitosis.
Ambrosia
An early ripe variety of sugar peas, in just 45-55 days the fruiting period will begin. The bush grows to a height of about 70 cm, pods 8-10 cm long are formed on it, in which there are up to 8 green peas 8-9 mm in diameter. Bushes usually need a garter, the variety is resistant to Fusarium wilt. The yield is 1-1.5 kg / m².
Faith
An early variety of shelling peas, fruiting occurs 50 days after the germination of planting material. The height of the bush can reach 55-65 cm, the pods have a straight or slightly curved shape, from 6 to 9 cm long, peas inside are usually formed 6-9 pieces, they are covered with a parchment layer. The variety is valued for its friendly return of the crop and resistance to damage by the codling moth.
Vikma
The vegetation period of this mid-late variety lasts 65-75 days from the moment the first shoots appear. The height of the bush can reach 85-100 cm, the pods are slightly curved, their length varies from 8 to 10 cm, 8-10 juicy sweetish peas of dark green color are formed in each. The variety is mainly used for conservation or freezing. Disease resistance is average.
Violena
Refers to varieties of brain peas with early ripening beans. The plant is not tall, the bush grows about 60-70 cm, the length of the pods reaches 8 cm, 7-8 peas are formed in them, which become green in biological ripeness. This variety is popular among vegetable growers, it is also grown in large volumes for canning.
Children's sugar
An early ripe variety of sugar peas, the bushes can stretch up to 80 cm in height, while they do not particularly need a garter to a support or trellis. The pods have a slightly curved shape, their surface is light green, and the length is 10-12 cm, there is no parchment layer on the peas. Beans are most often canned or frozen, the variety is moderately resistant to pea diseases.
Zhegalova 112
An early ripe variety of peas, the fruiting period begins 50-60 days after seed germination, it is mainly grown in open ground, suitable even for the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia. Bushes need support and a garter, since their height sometimes reaches 120-180 cm. Pods usually have a straight shape, less often slightly curved, their length is 10-15 cm, up to 7 peas are formed in each. Fruiting lasts about 20 days.
Geneva
Harvest grade of the Dutch selection with average terms of maturing of beans. The height of the bush varies within 70-120 cm, the length of the pods does not exceed 10 cm, each pod forms 8-10 peas, the diameter of which is 6-8 mm. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and Fusarium wilt. Producers of canned peas appreciate it for its stable yield and excellent taste.
Ilovetsky
A variety whose crop ripening time is medium early, since the growing season lasts from 60 to 70 days from the moment the seedlings hatch. The stem is quite powerful, its height can reach 70-80 cm, it is not necessary to tie up the plants. Approximately 12-14 pods (5-8 cm) are formed on each bush, which have a dark green color, 7-9 peas are formed inside, they have a sweet taste.
Karina
Universal early ripe variety of the Dutch selection. The plant is medium-sized, the height of the bushes usually does not exceed 65-70 cm, the narrow-shaped yellow pods are up to 7 cm long, the parchment is strongly pronounced, about 7-8 peas are formed in them. The variety is widely used for conservation and fresh consumption, has an average resistance to wilt viruses.
Chinese
Mid-season variety of sugar peas, bred by Chinese breeders. The height of the bushes is about 70 cm, the pods grow large, their length reaches 12-14 cm. It is recommended to use young beans for food when the size of sweetish peas has not yet exceeded 5-6 mm. The variety is poorly threshed, it is advisable to grow it by sowing seeds in the spring.
Moscow delicacy
A variety of sugar peas of Russian selection with medium, and in cold years, medium late ripening of beans. The bush is not tall, its height is about 75-85 cm, a garter to the support is not required. The length of the pods is 6-8 cm, the peas in the beans are 6-10 pieces, they are quite large and have a sweet taste. This variety is considered the most popular among sweet varieties, it is highly appreciated for its excellent taste.
Pegasus
This high-yielding variety is classified as early ripe, it takes from 60 to 65 days for the beans to ripen after the emergence of the planting material. The height of the plant can reach 80-90 cm, therefore, if possible, it is better to provide support for it. The pods have a dark green color, their shape is straight, up to 9 cm long, 10-12 pieces can form on each bush, about 8-9 sweet peas are formed inside. The yield of the variety is 1.2 kg / m², it is resistant to most pea diseases.
Sugar Slider
An early ripe variety of leafless peas, technical ripeness of beans can be expected 50-55 days after the first shoots appear. Bushes are medium tall (70-75 cm) do not need a garter. Pods have a slightly curved shape, they are long (8-10 cm) and narrow, light green in color. About 9 medium peas are formed in beans. The variety is valued for a long period of fruiting.
Firework
Variety of shelling brain peas with early crop maturation. The height of the bushes varies between 60-85 cm; it does not require a garter to a support. The length of ripe pods is 8-9 cm, 7-9 tasty peas are formed in each. This variety is considered universal in use (preservation, freezing, fresh consumption) and is resistant to many viral diseases.
Sugar Oregon
An early ripe variety of sweet peas, it takes about 55 days from pecking seedlings to harvest, it is considered one of the best for growing in open ground in the Moscow region. Bushes need support, since their height is usually slightly more than 1 meter. The length of the pods is 8-10 cm, they contain from 5 to 7 smooth peas, the parchment layer is not hard. The blades can also be used as food; the variety is excellent for conservation.
Skinado
A hybrid of Dutch selection with medium-late bean ripening, the growing season lasts from 60 to 70 days after seed germination. The height of the bushes does not exceed 90 cm, the pods are about 7-8 cm long, the number of peas varies between 6-8 pieces. Considered the best contender for freezing, immune to root rot.
swift
A new variety of sugar peas, bred by Ukrainian breeders, has an average crop ripening time (70-85 days). The plant needs to be tied to a support, since the height of the bushes can reach 85-95 cm. The length of the pods does not exceed 11 cm, they contain 8-9 medium-sized peas. The variety is often used for drying and conservation.
Miracle of Kelvedon
A fruitful variety of sugar peas with medium late ripening beans, it will be possible to collect pods 60-75 days after the emergence of planting material. The bush is medium tall, its height is about 45-55 cm, the length of the pods is from 6 to 8 cm, they contain 7-8 large sweet peas of dark green color. This variety is cold-resistant, most often it is grown for further freezing and conservation.
Peas are one of the simplest delicacies in the garden in the summer, and every gardener always has a bed with this crop.
There are a lot of varieties of peas and it is not always easy to choose a variety for open ground that is suitable for climatic conditions or for its intended purpose.
Peas are a fastidious crop and, without knowing the characteristics of cultivation and varietal characteristics, you can be left without a crop.
It was on peas that my first experiments with soil enrichment with fertilizers were reflected. Sowing peas on well-fertilized soil, I got luxurious tops with almost no pods.
My next mistake was the wrong choice of varieties. I chose sugar types, not knowing that they should be eaten fresh, unripe, along with the peel, later they are simply tasteless. In addition, not all sugar species can be used for harvesting for the winter.
Choosing the right varieties is one of the most important conditions for obtaining a crop.
The article will describe different types peas and their benefits, so that everyone can choose the most suitable species for themselves.
The pea culture is over 5000 years old and in many countries it used to be considered a delicacy. In Rus', it has been known since the 6th century, but it began to be widely grown as vegetable crop in the eighteenth century.
Many beliefs and conspiracies are associated with peas; a pea pod with 12 peas was considered witchcraft.
Peas were credited with the properties of attracting wealth, good luck and protection from the evil eye and spoilage, therefore, when baking bread, 3 peas were necessarily thrown into the oven.
Peas have many useful properties:
- Prevents the occurrence of cancer
- Improves eyesight
- Increases brain activity and stimulates memory
- Promotes fat burning
- Used to remove warts, calluses
- Reduces swelling
- Inhibits the development of arteriosclerosis
- It is a source of protein second only to lentils.
There are 2 types of peas:
The sheller has a tough film inside the pod and is grown to make canned peas, or to be sold dried. It is harvested at full maturity, split in half or ground into pea flour.
Sugar is most often used as food on the 5-7th day after the fruit is set, when it is still in milky ripeness and can be eaten with the shell. The peas in it are small, but the juiciness of the pod itself gives a wonderful sweetish taste.
Eaten fresh or added to salads. In the phase of full maturity, these peas can be used for canning.
Polka dots can be not only smooth, but also wrinkled, then it is called brain.
The wrinkled structure of the surface of peas does not distinguish it as a separate variety, this variety is also found in shelling peas (Harp, Monogram, Dakota, Zaznayka) and in sugar species (Honey Shovel, Sugar Prince, Debut). Brain varieties are more demanding on agricultural technology and are more likely to be attacked by pests.
shelling peas
This species contains a lot of starch and little sugar. Most often grown shelling peas with round peas. The collection is carried out when the shoulder blade is green, overripe loses its taste.
Alpha
One of the promising varieties for open ground in terms of stability and crop volume, up to 3 kg of product can be harvested from 1 weave. The bush is low - 0.7 meters, the pod is strong, 80 mm long. The number of peas is average (5-9 pieces), but they are all large and even.
Alpha ripens early, one and a half months before. A big plus of the species is immunity to drought, minimal watering is sufficient. It does not suffer from fungal diseases, but is damaged by insect pests.
Faith
Vera is a peeling variety, brain was bred for the Volga and southern territories of Russia, but it also grows well in central Russia. Early, ripeness occurs in 45-50 days. The bush is low, about 0.5 meters, the pods can grow up to 10 cm.
Peas are large, up to 9 pieces, contain a high percentage of protein. The yield is average, about 1.5 kg per hundred square meters, it is rarely possible to harvest - 2 kg. A big plus of the variety is immunity to the codling moth. Used for freezing and canning.
Laborer
The variety has a large number of positive qualities:
- The plant does not lie down
- Peas do not crumble when fully ripe
- Does not get sick and is resistant to codling moth damage
- Has the same grain size
- Does not respond to drought and other adverse environmental conditions
The vegetation period is 75 days, only 4-6 peas ripen in a pod, so the yield of the variety is not more than 0.5 kg per hundred square meters. Prefers sunny places.
The use is universal. It is grown on an industrial scale in the Central and Volga regions. Included in the list of varieties, the most valuable in terms of taste.
Madonna
The variety was created in Germany, the period of reaching maturity is almost 3 months, it has an average level of productivity. The bush is up to 0.7 meters high, does not lodge, the pea fruit is long - 15 cm, the grains are round, when dried, they split well.
Harvesting should be carried out in a timely manner, as the variety is prone to shedding.
It tolerates light frosts well, but in rainy weather it becomes ill with gray rot. During ripening, it is invaded by the pea weevil. In Europe, it is grown on an industrial scale.
Dakota
An early variety, peeling, brain, created by Dutch scientists, a month and a half should pass before the ripening period. The stem is strong, 0.75 meters high, not susceptible to adverse environmental factors. The pods are large, oval, 80 mm long.
In a pod - 7 pieces, pea grains are large, slightly flattened, selected and identical in size. Grown in many farms for sale. The lightness is excellent.
sugar peas
Sugar peas are somewhat more difficult to grow than shelling peas. It gets sick more often, is demanding on soil and watering, and attracts insect pests. But only this species does not have a hard shell inside the bean and can be eaten along with the pod.
Ambrosia
One of the favorite species of Russian gardeners. It is popular for its fast maturation - about 50 days, sweet taste, juiciness, and versatility in use. The height of the stem is 0.7 meters, so this variety requires a garter to the trellis.
The pods are large, up to 100 mm long, 7-10 peas ripen in them, the yield per hundred square meters is 1.5 kg. Usually, Ambrosia is harvested 2-3 times during the growing season. The variety tolerates frosts down to -4 ° C, is prone to Fusarium.
Miracle of Calvedon
A highly productive variety, sugar, brain, the period from planting to harvesting is 65 days, up to one and a half kg of products can be harvested from a hundred square meters. One of the most frost-resistant varieties. The bush has a height of up to 0.5 meters. The pods are strong, up to 90 mm long, each contains 7 selected peas.
According to gardeners, the taste of the Calvedon miracle resembles the taste of beans and is not as sweet as you would expect from sugar varieties. For a good harvest, a 12-hour daylight is needed, in addition, the variety does not tolerate any shading. Not subject to disease. Used in industrial canning.
honey spatula
It was not in vain that the variety received such an original name, the pod looks like a small spatula, and the taste of the grains is sweet, juicy, and delicious. Honey spatula, sugar, brain grows up to 0.7 meters, the pod reaches 90 mm in length, contains 8-9 pea grains.
Most plot owners grow it for fresh consumption, as it is one of the most delicious varieties, although canning is also possible. You can collect 1.6 kg of peas from a hundred square meters. It is from such sugar, brain varieties that canned peas of the highest quality are made.
sugar slider
The variety is considered early, the growing season is 2 months. The stem is leafless, grows up to 0.7 meters, but does not require a garter to the trellis. The pod is soft, juicy, the average number of peas in a pod is 8-9 pieces.
Valued by gardeners for a long period of fruiting. Does not grow well with fresh organic fertilizers. Suitable for the Siberian regions and the Urals.
Sugar 2
One of the most favorite sugar varieties for gardeners for open ground, it ripens within 2 months. The stem grows up to 0.8 meters, a garter to the supports is required. A big plus is the number of peas in the pod, they can be from 10 to 12 pieces.
The pea is large, fleshy, sweet. 1.2 kg of products are collected from a hundred square meters. With the onset of cold days, growth slows down.
Unusual varieties
Breeding work is carried out not only to improve the taste of peas, but also to create interesting decorative properties of the plant.
purple sugar
Plant 1.5 meters tall with purple pods. There are 9 green-violet peas in a pod, the taste is juicy, sugary.
purple king
The pod of this species is purple, and the peas are greenish. Ripens one month after the flowers fall. It tolerates spring temperature fluctuations well. It does not require complex agricultural technology, regular watering is sufficient.
Main conclusions
- Peas as a legume are rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals.
- Peas are divided into 2 types: shelling varieties with an inner parchment layer in the pod and sugar varieties with an edible spatula.
- Brain peas have a wrinkled pea surface and can be either shelled or sugar peas.
- Peas are a versatile product, they can be used fresh, in salads, for making soups, side dishes, cereals and canning.
Peas are one of the most popular agricultural crops. It is grown by both large agrotechnical enterprises and ordinary amateur gardeners. The range of application of peas is also very wide. Unripe seeds are eaten fresh and used to prepare various dishes, including the Olivier salad, beloved by many, and mature seeds are most often used for soups and cereals. In addition, peas, like other legumes, are able to enrich the soil with nitrogen, making it an ideal predecessor for most agricultural plants.
Types of seed peas
Common pea is a species of the genus Peas of the legume family. It is an annual climbing plant, cultivated by man since ancient times. Paleobotanists claim that dried peas were found in the buildings of the Stone and Bronze Ages.
In the Middle Ages, peas were one of the main food products of mankind. At that time, people used only its fully ripened seeds, from which they prepared porridge and soups. Green peas began to be eaten only in the 17th century. It is most widely used in France and Great Britain. A significant role in the popularization of unripe pea fruits was played by the invention of preservation and freezing. Thanks to these methods of preparing products, we were able to eat them. all year round and not just in summer.
Video: nutritionist about the benefits of peas
Today, there are three main varieties of peas:
- shelling (Pisum sativum convar. sativum) is a pea with spherical smooth seeds and a high content of parchment in the pod. When ripe, its peas contain a large amount of starch and are eaten only after boiling or stewing. They are also used in the chemical industry for the manufacture of bioplastics. Unripe seeds of shelling peas are eaten fresh, but they quickly overripe and become mealy;
- brain (Pisum sativum convar. medullare) - its distinguishing feature is the high (6–9%) sugar content in peas that shrivel after ripening. At the stage of technical ripeness, they have an excellent taste and are often used for preservation and freezing. Mature seeds of brain varieties are unsuitable for making soups and cereals, as they retain hardness even after prolonged heat treatment;
- sugar (Pisum sativum convar. axiphium) - it is characterized by small, rounded peas and a soft, juicy pod, practically not containing parchment. Whole beans with underdeveloped seeds are eaten.
Photo gallery: a variety of cultivars of peas
Dried shelled peas are ideal for soups and garnishes Mature brain pea seeds are shaped like the surface of the brain Sugar peas can be eaten whole with their pods
The best varieties of peas
Today, there are many varieties of peas that differ from each other not only by the type of fruit, but also by the ripening period, the size of the bush and other features. From this variety, each gardener can choose the culture that is most suitable for his site.
For open ground
Peas do not need a lot of heat, so they are most often grown outdoors. Almost all varieties are suitable for this, but high-yielding and unpretentious representatives, not prone to lodging and seed shedding, are in maximum demand. These qualities are especially important in industrial cultivation.
Great for landing in open ground leafless varieties of peas. Due to the large number of tendrils replacing leaves, the plants adhere tightly to each other and do not need to install supports, which greatly simplifies their care and saves the gardener's strength.
Table: pea varieties for open ground
Variety name | Variety type | Regions of approval | Plant height, cm | Primary use | Ripening period, days from the beginning of the growing season | Advantages | Flaws |
Madonna | Shelling | Central Black Earth (recommended for cultivation in the Kursk and Oryol regions) | 53–95 | Ripe peas are boiled and stewed | 68–80 |
|
|
Ilovetsky | Sugar | All regions of the Russian Federation | 75 | Unripe beans are eaten fresh, canned and used to prepare various dishes. | 75–80 | Good palatability of beans that have reached technical ripeness | Low yield (0.96–1.2 kg/sq.m) |
Karina | Shelling | North Caucasian | 60–70 | Eat fresh and canned | About 60 |
| Needs support |
Dudar | Shelling | Central and Central Black Earth (recommended for cultivation in the Vladimir and Voronezh regions) | 51–88 | Eat ripe peas after heat treatment | 68–87 |
| Often affected by anthracnose, root rot, rust and ascochitosis |
Triumph | Shelling | North Caucasian, Middle Volga, Central Black Earth, Central and Northwestern | Used for preservation, freezing and sublimation | 63–69 |
| No data | |
Ulyanovsk | Shelling | Volga-Vyatka and Middle Volga (recommended for growing in the Nizhny Novgorod and Ulyanovsk regions) | 44–92 | Used for cooking and stewing | 55–91 |
|
|
mustachioed babysitter | Sugar | All regions | 75–80 | Unripe beans and peas are eaten fresh, canned, frozen and used to prepare various dishes. | 60–65 |
| In the later stages of development, a weak parchment layer is present in the bean. |
Pharaoh | Shelling | Srednevolzhsky (during the variety testing showed the maximum yield in the Republic of Tatarstan) | 44–85 | Eat ripe peas after cooking | 64–85 |
|
|
Jof | Shelling | North Caucasian | 80–100 | Used fresh and canned | 56–58 |
| Lack of resistance to lodging |
Photo gallery: some varieties of peas for open ground
Pea variety Pharaoh is resistant to lodging and shedding
Triumph pea fruits are characterized by friendly ripening
The pea variety Ilovetsky is suitable for cultivation throughout Russia. The pea variety Usatii Nyan is leafless
Madonna peas are prone to shattering Jof peas are equally good for fresh use and for canning
Undersized
Undersized are called varieties of peas, the height of the stem of which does not exceed 70 cm. They are very popular with gardeners, so they do not require tying up and tolerate the vagaries of the weather well. These varieties include:
- Alpha,
- Early Gribovsky,
- Shustrik,
- Miracle of Kelvidon (Kelvedon Vonter),
- Watan,
- Faith,
- Ambrosia.
Consider the most popular of them.
Alpha
Early ripe variety of shelling peas. The height of its stem does not exceed 55 cm. The internodes are short, the first pods are attached at a height of 9–11 knots.
Alpha's dark green pods are 7 to 9 cm long and 1.2 to 1.4 cm wide. Each pod contains 5 to 9 square-squeezed peas, aligned in size and color. They are used both fresh and for canning.
One alpha bean contains from 5 to 9 peas
From 4.8 to 9 tons of green peas with excellent taste are harvested from one hectare of Alpha plantings. The variety has a relative resistance to ascochitosis and fusarium and reaches technical maturity in 46-53 days after emergence. Recommended for cultivation in all regions of Russia, except for the Volga-Vyatka, Ural and Northern regions.
This year I liked Alpha peas. Bush. The height of 40 centimeters, together they stood like a wall, clinging with their antennae and supporting each other. I planted in July, in the fall I put the package in the freeze.
Oksana-pepper
Ambrosia
One of the most popular sugar pea varieties in our country, included in the State Register as recommended for cultivation in private farms in all regions. The length of its stem is from 50 to 70 cm, and the height of attachment of the lower pods is about 35 cm.
Ambrosia beans are large, slightly curved in shape, at the stage of technical ripeness they are painted in a light green color. Medium-sized peas, when fully ripe, acquire a yellowish color and a wrinkled structure.
Ambrosia beans have a distinct, delicate flavor
The yield of unripe ambrosia beans is 500–600 g per 1 sq. m. They are eaten whole fresh or after short-term cooking.
Ambrosia from "Gavrish" - planted in the summer of the 13th, very tender and tasty, I don’t even know what is tastier, the pods or the peas themselves. Forms 8–9 beans per pod, 25 percent - 7 peas.
I planted on May 3, out of 20 12 sprouted. By July 10, I took off more than 100 pods. Not tall, 50–70 cm. I recommend.Sergey 972
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Tall
The stems of tall pea varieties can reach a height of 2 m. They need the mandatory installation of supports and are very demanding on growing conditions. But the difficulty of cultivating them is more than offset by a bountiful harvest of high-quality beans. Tall pea varieties include:
- Telephone,
- Giant,
- miracle spatula,
- Zhegalova 112,
- Sugar snap.
The most popular varieties are Telephone, Sugar Snap, Zhegalova 112.
Telephone
High yielding late maturing variety. From sowing to the start of harvesting the pods, 100-110 days pass. Moreover, ripening is extended: first, the beans located in the lower part of the plant ripen, and after a while - in the upper. With timely harvesting of ripe peas and a sufficient amount of moisture, the formation of new pods is possible.
With timely harvesting of ripe pods and a sufficient amount of watering, telephone variety peas form new pods.
Depending on the growing conditions, the stem height of the Phone variety ranges from 150 to 200 cm, and according to some sources - up to 300 cm. The length of the bean is about 11 cm. The peas are large, rounded, with an excellent sweetish taste.
The phone has eclipsed all possible varieties. Tall, hung with pods, excellent taste, suitable for canning.
Khokhlushka
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Zhegalova 112
Mid-late variety of sugar peas. Its technical ripeness occurs 50-60 days after germination, and biological - 90-110 days. The average yield is 14.4 centners of unripe beans per hectare.
Peas Zhegalova 112 was approved by the State Variety Commission for use throughout the country, with the exception of the Lower Volga, East Siberian and Far Eastern regions back in 1943.
Variety Zhegalova 112 is a plant with a climbing stem 120–180 cm high. At the stage of technical maturity, the beans are xiphoid, light green, their length can reach 15 cm, and their width is 2.5 cm. One bean contains from 5 to 8 rounded -angular peas.
Spatulas of Zhegalova 112 variety are very large and tasty
Unripe pods of Zhegalov 112 peas have a good taste. They are consumed fresh and used to prepare various dishes.
A masterpiece in taste - Zhegalov's variety. Growth up to 2 meters. Sweet. Harvest. Shoulder blades 15 cm and 2 cm wide. In general, a favorite.
mopsdad1
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Sugar Snap
Sugar grade of peas of the American selection. Under favorable growing conditions, its stems reach a height of 1.5–2 m.
Sugar snap pea beans are convex, short, do not contain a parchment layer and do not lose their taste for a long time. Peas are rounded, medium in size. Unripe pea pods of this variety are eaten fresh, and after full ripening, stews and soups are prepared from them.
Video: personal experience of growing peas Sugar snap
Brain
Brain pea varieties are ideal for canning or freezing for the winter. They have an excellent sweet taste and a high content of substances useful to humans. On household plots and in farms in Russia and the CIS countries, the following varieties of this type of pea are most often found:
- Adagumsky,
- honey cake,
- Golden eagle,
- prelado,
- Dinga,
- premium,
- Tropar.
Most often, the varieties Adagumsky, Prelado, Tropar are sown.
Adagum
A time-tested variety of brain peas with an average ripening period (68-74 days from the moment of germination). It was introduced back in 1975 experimental station the city of Krymsk, and in 1980 the State Commission for the Protection and Research of Breeding Achievements allowed it to be used throughout Russia, except for the Northern, Lower Volga, West Siberian and Far Eastern regions. For more than 40 years of its existence, Adagumsky has not lost its popularity due to such qualities as:
- high yield (up to 9.6 t/ha);
- relative resistance to powdery mildew and ascochitosis;
- friendly return of fruits;
- suitability for mechanized harvesting.
Peas varieties Adagumsky is a plant 70–80 cm high with well-developed tendrils. Bobs are straight, with a sharp top. Their length can reach 7 cm. On one bush, from 8 to 14 beans are formed, containing 6–9 medium-sized peas, colored dark green at the stage of technical ripeness and having excellent taste both fresh and processed.
Adagumsky - the oldest variety of brain peas of Russian breeding
Prelado
Early ripe (45–50 days), ripening amicably, a variety of Dutch selection, zoned for the North Caucasus region. It is characterized by a stem of medium height with blue-green leaves covered with a wax coating. The attachment height of the lower pods is 32–37 cm.
Prelado beans are short, medium width. Peas, aligned in size, in technical ripeness have a dark green color and good taste. When fully ripe, they become wrinkled while retaining their green color.
Some gardeners say that there are exactly 7 pots in each Prelado pod.
Among the main advantages of this variety, gardeners note:
- good yield (26–89 c/ha);
- resistance to fusarium and yellow bean mosaic virus;
- no tendency to lodging;
- convenience of mechanized harvesting.
Tropar
Tropar is a low-growing cultivar of the brain pea. The length of its stem does not exceed 45–50 cm. The lower beans are formed at a height of 20–25 cm.
Straight, blunt-topped Tropara beans contain 6-7 light green, angular peas that have a good taste. They are used for fresh consumption and for preservation.
Depending on the growing conditions, the average Tropar yield ranges from 2.3 to 5.5 t/ha. It has moderate resistance to ascochyta and Fusarium root rot, but is often affected by tuber weevil and codling moth.
Early
Early varieties of peas are ready for harvest already 32–55 days after germination. They can be sown several times per season and harvest 2-3 crops of sweet and tasty peas.
Table: the most early-ripening pea varieties
Variety | Type | Regions of approval | Ripening period, days from the moment of germination | At what height do pods form? | Average yield, centner/ha | Advantages |
Nikitka | Shelling | West Siberian | 32–35 | Very low bush (first beans are formed at the level of 7 cm) | 64–74 |
|
Innovesa | Shelling (brain) | Central Black Earth | 43–45 | Low plant (attachment height of the first beans - 18–20 cm) | 29–38 | Good and excellent taste of unripe peas |
Oscar | Shelling (brain) | Central Black Earth | 42–45 | Bush height - low to medium (lower pods form at a height of 40 cm) | 42–50 |
|
Sprinter | Shelling (brain) | Central Black Earth and East Siberian | 46–57 | The height of the bush is 55–70 cm (the height of the formation of the first pods is 19–21 cm) | 34–90 |
|
Corwin | Shelling (brain) | North Caucasian | 39–52 | Low plant (bottom pods attached at 25–38 cm) | 43–53 |
|
Photo gallery: some early ripening pea varieties
Pea variety Sprinter is relatively resistant to root rot Oskar variety peas - medium and large size Nikitka pea variety is characterized by simultaneous ripening of pods
Varieties of peas for different regions
Peas - very unpretentious plant, feeling good almost throughout Russia and other CIS countries. Nevertheless, for planting on your site, it is better to choose zoned varieties that are most adapted to the climate of a particular region.
For Siberia
Despite the rather difficult climatic conditions of the region, peas in Siberia grow very well and bear fruit. Here are common varieties such as:
- Altai emerald,
- Annushka,
- Varangian,
- Darunok,
- Demos,
- Zavodoukovsky,
- Kemchug,
- Narymsky 11,
- Rus,
- Svetozar,
- Yakhont.
Especially in demand among gardeners of Western and Eastern Siberia A low-growing cultivar of the brain pea Altaisky emerald is used, which has a high yield (80–109 centners/ha). Its large, dark green peas contain a large amount of solids (20.3–23.7%) and sugars (5.5–6.2%). In addition, they have excellent taste qualities and are great for both fresh consumption and preservation.
The pea variety Altai emerald has a high yield (80–109 q/ha)
For central Russia and Moscow region
In central Russia and the Moscow region, peas have been grown for more than one hundred years. Prior to the cultivation of the potato, it was the main agricultural crop in this region. Today, many varieties of peas are zoned here, including:
- Afonka,
- Laborer,
- Burgomaster,
- Gloriosa,
- Jackpot,
- children's joy,
- smartass,
- Calypso,
- lincoln,
- Nemchimovsky 100,
- Spartacus,
- Triumph,
- round dance,
- Anniversary.
Gloriosa is a popular mid-season brain pea variety. It is a plant of medium height with long pods with a sharp top. At the stage of technical ripeness, the peas of this variety are colored light green and have an excellent taste. The average yield of Gloriosa in the conditions of the middle zone and the Moscow region is 45–52 centners / ha.
Pea variety Gloriosa is excellent for outdoor cultivation
For Ukraine
Peas play an important role in agriculture Ukraine. It is grown by both large farms and simple gardeners. More than 50 varieties of this crop have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Ukraine. These include:
- Bosphorus,
- Magnate,
- Cleopatra,
- Zenkovsky,
- Profit,
- Torch,
- Mazepa,
- Gregor,
- Kharkov reference,
- Fargus.
The largest areas are planted with modern, highly productive varieties of yellow shelled peas, which are intended for the production of cereals. A prominent representative of them is the variety of German selection Gregor.
Seeds of yellow shelling peas of the Gregory variety are intended for the production of cereals
It is characterized by high yield (36–52 c/ha) and resistance to lack of moisture. In addition, its advantages include:
- rather high protein content (22–23%);
- a large number of antennae that prevent lodging;
- suitability for harvesting by direct combining.
Video: how Gregor peas grow
For Belarus
Breeders of Belarus pay much attention to breeding new high-yielding varieties of peas. Most often, peeling varieties are planted here, which are used for processing into cereals. In addition, this crop is often used as a fodder plant. The State Inspectorate for the Protection and Testing of Breeding Achievements of Belarus recommends 20 varieties of peas for cultivation on its territory. These include:
- Stork,
- Ales,
- Belarusian not crumbling,
- Natalevsky,
- cartoon,
- Chervensky,
- facet,
- Starter,
- Minsk grain.
Minsk Grain is one of the most valuable varieties of this crop in Belarus. It is distinguished by high grain uniformity and a high yield of shelled peas (more than 80%). It is a plant 66–70 cm high with beans 6–8 cm long. The peas are large, bluish-green. The average yield of the Minsk grain crop is 33.9 q/ha. It is resistant to lodging and lends itself well to mechanized harvesting.
Many agricultural enterprises of Belarus grow peas on an industrial scale
Experienced gardeners advise when planting peas not to be limited to one variety. A competent selection of crops that differ from each other in use and ripening time will help provide the gardener with tasty and fresh peas throughout the season and make a variety of preparations for the winter.
Peas are the most popular member of the legume family. It contains vitamins, minerals and vegetable protein, which is absorbed faster than animal protein.
The use of peas slows down the aging process of the skin and the whole body. Thanks to the selenium contained in the vegetable, brain function improves, nervous system. Various varieties of peas have been bred, which differ in taste, height and ripening time.
The main types of peas
By maturity it happens:
- early ripening - 50-55 days (Gavrish);
- early ripe - 56-60 days (Sweet friend);
- mid-season - 64-70 days (Ilovetsky; Sugar pod);
- mid-late - 61-70 days (Somerwood; Aksai);
- late - up to 100 days (Dalila).
By height, plants are distinguished as:
- undersized - 40-70 cm (Children's joy);
- medium height - 70-115 cm (Focor);
- tall - 115-250 cm (Salamanca).
Pea varieties
Types of seed peas
Peas are smooth-grained. This means that its peas remain smooth after drying. The most popular varieties of this variety:
- Adagum;
- Uladovsky anniversary.
There is also a brain, that is, after drying, the peas have a wrinkled shape similar to the brain. The following varieties have this feature:
- Voronezh green;
- the miracle of Kelvedon;
- peas Gloriosa;
- Hawa pearl.
Sugar pea beans are very meaty and tender. They can be eaten with shells, in which the fiber content is less than in other types of peas. As the peas ripen (they can already be consumed separately), the juiciness of the valves decreases. This variety is more of a delicacy than a food, so it is grown less frequently.
Important! It is very useful for children to eat peas to maintain normal growth, muscle tone and to stimulate mental activity.
The best varieties of sugar peas:
- Zhegalova 112;
- Children's sugar.
Unusual types of peas
Peas have a lot of varieties, for example, there are varieties without leaves. Due to the intertwined whiskers, plants almost do not need to put up supports, but the yield of leafless peas is unstable, depending on the amount of moisture in the soil and air.
Popular varieties of leafless peas:
- Ailla;
- slider;
- Aksai mustachioed;
- Yamal;
- Pharaoh;
- Rocket peas.
Aksai mustachioed
There are peas of unusual color or size:
- purple sugar. Such peas bloom in a beautiful purple color with a pleasant smell. The beans are also purple, looking beautiful in the greenery of the foliage. An 8 cm long pod contains 8-9 delicious greenish-purple peas. This tall mid-season variety has a height of 1.5 m.
- Red- another type of unusual pea. It has a thin stem and small grains. The color of small round peas varies from dark orange to red. Red peas grow mainly in Asia.
- white peas differs from its relatives in inflorescences, which are the color of platinum, and light green grains.
- purple king is an early variety of peas that has bright purple pods and green peas. Peas are consumed fresh and after heat treatment.
- Russian size. Its beans are larger than 1 cm in diameter. These are large, tasty and sweet peas.
- chickpeas. Unusual varieties include chickpeas chickpeas The shape of its fruit resembles the head of a ram. In ancient times, chickpeas were used not only for food, but also as a medicine. It is from it that the famous Azerbaijani piti soup is prepared.
- Soy. Another type of peas is Chinese oil peas - soybeans. Sauce, milk, meat, cheese are made from it, and they are also added to sweets.
- meadow peas- this is a rank - another variety of the legume family. It grows in Europe, USA and China. Contains ascorbic acid, minerals and vitamins. Used in the treatment of diseases such as bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, colds, insomnia.
purple king
The best varieties of peas
If unusual varieties are planted to decorate the garden, then there are varieties that are planted exclusively for food. They are considered proven, so they are cultivated from year to year. It's about:
- Vegetable peas Alpha. The description of the variety says that its ripening time takes 45-55 days. The height of the bush is from 1 to 1.5 m. Alfa peas are planted in grooves, the depth of which is 4 cm, the width between them is about 20 cm, 6 cm between the rows. This is a high-yielding variety. You can collect up to 2.4 kg from 1 m².
- Ambrosia. Refers to early maturing varieties. The ripening period is 54-56 days. It grows up to 70 cm, therefore, supports are needed. A 10-centimeter greenish horn contains 8-10 sugary peas. Ambrosia peas bear fruit well, you can collect up to 1.5 kg from 1 m².
- Faith. Low-growing plant up to 65 cm, 6-9 peas in beans. Productive variety: about 1 kg per 1 m².
- Oscar. Mid-season sugar peas. Fruits are 0.8 to 1 cm in diameter. This variety has increased disease resistance.
- Slider. It is leafless, fast ripe sugar peas. The term of maturation is 53-55 days. It grows up to 75 cm. The color of the slightly curved horn is light green. One pod contains up to 10 sugar peas. You can eat them with the wings. Its advantages include rapid maturation, fruiting for a long period. There is no need to make supports.
- Altai emerald. Peas of a low-growing variety belong to medium-early peeling varieties. It takes 53-56 days from germination to technical maturity. It is a bushy compact plant 35-45 cm high. It has a saber-shaped bean about 10-15 cm. There are 6-8 peas in a pod. Total horns on a bush from 6 to 12 pcs. You can plant in steps in 10-14 days, starting from the end of April to the end of June. Planting depth 3-4 cm, row spacing 25-30 cm. Needs watering and loosening.
- Peas Nikitka. Another representative of leafless peas. These are early ripe peas 70 cm high, ripening period 53-55 days. It has a very long fruiting period, almost until frost. It has slightly curved, long green beans that contain up to 9 even, sweet peas.
- Peas Rocket. Mid-season leafless variety, vegetation period 68-95 days. Early sowing is recommended. Low-growing variety with a height of 46-85 cm.
- Golden eagle. One-year, self-pollinating variety, belongs to brain varieties of peas. Likes fertile, well-moistened soils. Sowing and care, as for all types of peas.
- Sugar 2 refers to brain varieties. Medium-late, ripening time 50-65 days. It has a straight bean with 9-11 peas, plant height is about 70 cm. Disease resistant. Used fresh and processed.
Pea Rocket
Pea planting dates
The sowing time of this crop differs depending on the region of growth. In the Urals and Siberia, peas are planted in June, and in the Kuban already in April.
The best varieties for Siberia:
- Altai emerald;
- Sugar brain.
The best varieties for the Urals:
- Alpha;
- Pea golden eagle;
- Sprinter;
- Children's sugar;
- Adagum.
The best varieties for the Moscow region:
- Satellite;
- Grouse.
The best varieties for Middle lane Russia:
- Peas Early 301;
- Afilla peas;
- Zhegalova 112.
Peas Early 301
The seeds of this crop germinate at a temperature of 2-5°C and are not afraid of small frosts. These factors must be taken into account when planting peas in open ground. In order to collect young peas longer, they should be sown at intervals of 10-15 days.
Before planting, it is recommended to soak the seeds of peas in salt water (30 g per 1 liter) in order to reject low-quality seeds. Those peas that float up (usually they are affected by pests) are disposed of, those that have sunk to the bottom are suitable for planting. In order for the seedlings to be friendly, the seed should be germinated.
Peas do not like organic fertilizers. They must be introduced under its predecessors: cabbage, cucumbers or tomatoes. They will be enough for peas next year.
Note! Nitrogen fertilizers should not be applied, peas themselves synthesize this element.
When growing a crop in sandy soils, molybdenum must be added, due to which the yield will increase by 1.5 times. The acidity of the earth peas loves neutral. If it is increased, the soil must be limed.
It is worth paying due attention to watering. It is extremely important to irrigate at the time when the peas are flowering and forming pods.
Important! Harvesting should begin approximately 14-15 days after flowering, when the fruits of milky ripeness are reached. Sugar peas are recommended to be harvested every 2-3 days.
Pea diseases
For this crop, the leafworm, or pea codling moth, is the most dangerous. This is a small caterpillar that perfectly tolerates cold in the soil. The butterfly appears just before flowering and lays eggs on plants, from which caterpillars emerge and eat the crop. To destroy the leaflet, you can use both chemical and folk remedies: infusion of tomato leaves and garlic. They are also effective in killing pea aphids.
Note! Of the diseases, peas are affected by powdery mildew. This is where the sow thistle infusion comes to the rescue.
Knowing everything about the types and terms of fruiting peas, you can choose the most suitable variety for the gardener (taking into account the region) and get a rich harvest at the end of the season. Moreover, you can grow a crop without even leaving the city - on the balcony. This vegetable does not require much attention and space.