Why children should read aloud. Advice for parents on the topic "why it is useful to read aloud to children". Develop imagination and imaginative thinking
Up to a certain age in the life of a child there is such a ritual as reading aloud. Mom, grandmother, older brothers and sisters read poems, fairy tales, stories about animals to the baby. What is it - a way to entertain a child, instill in him, or something even more important? Evgenia Andreicheva, lecturer of English language, post-graduate student of the department of foreign philology, Moscow State Pedagogical University.
Back in the 80s of the last century in the United States, researchers noticed that people began to read less. Then television began to develop actively. Things are much worse now, with the current abundance and availability of gadgets and the Internet. But without reading, the brain of an adult slows down its work, and literature is simply necessary for a child for proper development. Why is it important to read to children?
Why read to a child
Reading is a load on the brain. By reading, we train it in the same way as we train muscles,. Scientists have long proven that people who read and live longer. What can we say about a small person whose neurophysiological processes are just starting to work actively? He needs reading like air! And while the baby himself can not read, the help of parents is invaluable here. What gives children reading aloud?
Speech development
Children who are regularly read to by their parents are more likely to start talking earlier than their peers, and their speech is richer. The fact is that in everyday life we use vocabulary and grammar of a low order, often even colloquial speech. The books use rich literary language, saturated with a variety of speech turns. That difficult grammar that is in books helps children. Logic is necessary for correct thinking. And formed speech is formed thinking. Thanks to books, the child not only draws new words, learns to pronounce and use them correctly, he also trains logical thinking.
Development of the imagination
are generators of new ideas and non-standard solutions. No cartoon is able to develop the imagination the way a book does. When a child listens to a fairy tale, he mentally draws a picture for himself, imagines what the characters and scenery look like. This is a kind of work, and completely independent. If children are offered a cartoon, then they will not be able to be active participants in the process: the action with all the details has already been drawn for them. Children can only be passive spectators.
Self-reading advertisement
Any teacher will immediately identify reading children. They better understand the meaning of what they read, correctly formulate their thoughts, logically build statements, write more competently,. It is worth teaching children to read from the cradle. This is not about early learning to read, but about reading aloud.
Offer your kids a book as a toy. Look at the pictures together, comment on them, say the sounds of animals or objects depicted on the pages, invite the baby to turn the pages himself - this is a great developmental exercise fine motor skills. If the kid tears the pages, explain to him calmly that this is not worth doing, and hand him books with cardboard sheets.
Try not to abuse publications with buttons and sound signals, let the book remain a book, and the kid will enjoy reading. In the future, the child himself will be drawn to literature. Don't forget to read in front of your children as well. Choose paper editions.
Listening practice
The ability to perceive information by ear, that is, listening, is now extremely necessary. Firstly, many school exams test this skill (the USE in particular). Secondly, it is simply necessary for harmonious. Thirdly, we are in contact with people very often, and we need to quickly and clearly understand what we hear. Thus, we need listening in everyday life. It is reading fairy tales, poems and rhymes aloud that gives the child the opportunity to “train his ears”.
Closeness with parents
Every time parents read to their child, magic happens: family unity and unity. Children feel warmth and parental care. Listening to the speech of mom or dad, the child calms down, stress and fatigue during the day are reduced. The voice of parents helps to relax and sleep better. The elders, in turn, also get vivid emotions from communicating with children and literature. Together you live joyful moments of the plot, sympathize with the characters, try to solve a difficult problem and help the characters. Great moments when you and your kids travel together without leaving home.
Solving many problems
Reading a story out loud to your child can help you "talk" him, especially if you feel that he has problems that he is silent about. Often the kid himself begins to talk about that, having met with a similar situation in a fairy tale. Even if he does not talk about the problem, he will hear from the plot a way to solve it. You can also discuss the right and wrong actions of the heroes, this will be clearer than any parental instruction on how to and what not to do.
When and what to start reading to children
Start reading to your baby before he is born. A mother's voice has been proven to calm the baby in the womb. After the birth, continue to read to him. Read to lull the child. Read a little later and show the illustrations.
At six months the baby will already be happy to listen to small, unpretentious works based on rhymes or repetitions. These include "Turnip", "Cockerel, golden comb" and other nursery rhymes. In year the child can be offered short, works by Korney Chukovsky, poems by Agnia Barto. closer to two you can move on to longer tales by Vladimir Suteev or Eduard Uspensky. Beginning with three years , you can significantly expand the children's home library, supplementing it with long fairy tales or large works divided into chapters. These are the works of Sergei Kozlov, Vitaly Bianchi, Sofia Prokofieva and other famous writers.
Choose fairy tales according to the interests of your child. Let your library be diverse. Be sure to pay attention to the illustrations. They should be colorful, contrasting and of high quality. Try to choose books in which the text and illustrations match on the spread. If a child cannot sit and listen to a fairy tale calmly, give him the opportunity to change position, crawl, and so on. Do not constrain his movements: children preschool age- fidgets due to their psychophysical development.
Read the same fairy tale as many times as the child asks - this is his comfort zone. Perhaps with its help he is working on some situation, or maybe he just really likes the illustrations. Do not deprive him of positive emotions. Do not impose your choice of fairy tale on the child, leave this right to him.
How to read to children
This must be done thoughtfully and measuredly, your reading should not be formal. Give yourself to the process with all your heart, put meaning into your speech. Read, imitating different voices and intonations. Let the sound even be hypertrophied and slightly grotesque. Place emphasis on key points, slow down and speed up, sometimes go to a whisper. Sometimes stop on purpose, get distracted by closing the book, and ask the child to remind you of what you read about and where you left off. Emphasize those sounds that the child pronounces.
Try to discuss the illustrations and be sure to talk about what you read. Ask the child's opinion about the fairy tale, heroes, actions. Ask him what he would do in this or that situation. Let the reading be yours. Read to your baby before bed or when you need to calm him down a bit. Try not to refuse the child when he asks you to read. And let the book be the best gift for your children!
Modern parents ask themselves: is it important to read aloud to children? Maybe it's enough to turn on a good fairy tale for a child on a tablet? There, the pictures are interactive, and the voice of the narrator is pleasant, and the diction is noticeably clearer than ours ...
To answer this question, you need to know one important fact from psychology: the parental voice creates a situation of the author's personal appeal to the baby. You seem to “turn” the author’s voice towards the child. Personal appeal, personal interaction predetermine the very possibility of speech development. Psychologists have made an interesting observation: if you say the phrase “Children! Come to me soon!”, then no one will respond. But if you turn to everyone by name - the situation will be exactly the opposite!
Therefore, the speech sounding from the TV, computer, can entertain the baby, but nothing more. It does not affect the child's speech development in any way. early age. Such listening will be effective for an older child who has already “developed” a speech space.
In addition, there are at least 10 other reasons why we should read aloud to our children:
1. Vocabulary. Reading aloud forms children's speech, expands vocabulary. Studies have shown that the more words parents use when talking to an 8-month-old baby, the more voluminous it will be. vocabulary at the age of three. There are many words in books that a child is unlikely to meet in oral speech. There are 50% more rare words in children's books than in prime-time television or student conversation! Speech is the basis of thought. Book speech is more complicated than oral speech, since it is not related to a specific communication situation (it is not supplemented by the visual perception of the interlocutor, facial expressions and gestures), it is always distinguished by more complex grammatical constructions, and the grammar of the language reflects the ways of human thinking. Therefore, reading aloud to children at any age is an effective mechanism for development.
2. Fantasy. Reading develops fantasy: the child does not see what the author describes, he imagines it. Reading aloud shows your child how to use their imagination.
3. Proximity. Reading aloud is also a treasured time for a child, spent together with mom and dad, grandma, grandpa. Children love to be with adults when they read books aloud to them! Babies love to sit in the arms of their mother or father, and through this closeness a close one develops.
4. Authority, values and outlook. When you read aloud, you increase self-respect, develop motivation for actions based on certain values. Sometimes you need to additionally explain to the child why the hero acted this way and not otherwise. Only you can do this, because now it is you who is assigned the role of authority in all matters. If a child reads on his own, he learns for the most part only what he knows well. Parents, reading aloud, can tell the baby about incomprehensible things, thereby developing his horizons.
5. Calm. Reading aloud calms the child. Sometimes parents note that their baby is too active, cannot concentrate on a book and watches TV more willingly. You may not have found the right book for your baby yet. Use the moments when the child behaves more calmly. Early in the morning, in the afternoon before or in the evening after brushing your teeth, is a good time to read aloud. By finding the perfect combination of time and a book, you will see how easy and peaceful your baby will fall asleep. Reading aloud is a proven tactic for helping kids cope with stress.
6. Love for reading. Children who are read aloud during their first years of life, who live surrounded by books, are much more likely to be older. The child learns that reading is important and at the same time enjoyable and fun. The care and attention shown by parents during reading aloud helps the baby develop a positive attitude towards books.
7. Motor development. The child learns how to use a book, how to hold it, how to turn pages - fine motor skills develop.
8. Sensual pleasure. A good children's book has fun illustrations, paper feels good to the touch, and the new book smells good too. All this works to ensure that the child enjoys the process of joint reading.
9. Listening skill. Reading aloud teaches the child to listen carefully. Before you know it, this skill will come in handy in school very quickly.
The tenth reason can be attributed to the most important. Remember how your mom or dad read your favorite book to you at night. Such sometimes fragmentary, but warm and bright moments of childhood add up to a picture that warms us in difficult moments throughout our lives. Now it is our duty as parents - and our children to leave the same memories that will protect and warm them in adulthood.
Tatiana Zaidal
Reading aloud is one of the first steps in introducing a child to books. It would seem that there is nothing complicated in this. However, fewer and fewer parents pay due attention to this process. We tell why it is important to read to children and how to do it right.
Why read aloud: is it so important?
The benefits of reading aloud were discovered in 1983. American scientists organized the Reading Commission, which studied the results of research for two years and by 1985 prepared a voluminous report called "Becoming a Reading Nation."
It formulated the thesis: “The only most an important factor necessary for successful reading is reading aloud to children.
After the report, experiments followed. In one Boston school, a guest came to sixth grade every week and read aloud to the children. A year later, the academic performance of the class improved, and two years later they soared up. A year later, students in the class received the highest reading scores in Boston. After that, the Boston school became incredibly popular: there was a queue of people who wanted to enroll there.
10 minutes of reading
“Somehow I conducted a survey among parents in the class where one of my children studied,” says Yulia Kuznetsova, author of the book, “and found out that less than 10% of parents read aloud to children.”
The main reasons that prevent moms and dads from reading to kids:
- no forces;
- Not interesting;
- no time.
Practice shows that 10 minutes of reading a day is enough to read a whole chapter from a thick book. And if you devote 10 minutes to reading, you can read a great adventure story in a month. You just need to do it regularly.
When to read
Reading in the morning is definitely not easy. Charges in Kindergarten or the school is given a different rhythm. If you spend time with your child during the day, then you can safely read to him before lunchtime or after lunch. Perfect time after an evening walk. But circumstances can be different every day.
“We do not only read - we also communicate with children,” writes Yulia Kuznetsova. “And how nice it is that they lie with bated breath and listen to you, and not argue, proving that the onion in the soup is disgusting, and the toys themselves are scattered around the room.”
What if the kids don't like it?
Some children do not like to be read aloud to them. More precisely, they simply do not perceive the text by ear. But this can be changed: the love for voicing a book of text can be developed.
Julia cites her son as an example. who didn't like to "listen" to books. “It was a difficult moment. He could only listen while standing on his head. Sometimes it fell - on our heads with my daughter. This infuriated Masha, as he pulled her out of some enchanted trance into which a person who listens to a story plunges. But gradually Grisha stood on his head more and more confidently and almost did not fall, and this allowed him to listen to stories longer. And at some point, he also fell into this trance.
Don't insist. Even when the children's attention is not directed directly to you - they may be making something or lying on the couch with closed gases - your voice reaches their ears and hearts.
How to read aloud
Reading books is like singing lullabies. Dads and moms don't have to have outstanding singing talent to lull their babies to sleep. Reading is the same: no matter what voice, no matter how fast you read, everything is a joy for the child. However, there are a few tips to help make reading more effective.
1. Speak the words clearly and do not swallow the endings.
2. Watch your reading speed. Slow down the pace. Reading will never be "too slow".
3. Be sure to take breaks. Small ones - between sentences, more authentic - between paragraphs. It is slow reading and pauses that enable a child, especially a small one, to understand what you are reading.
4. Feel free to add expressiveness to the text.
Roar for the wolf, roar for the princess. The child will gratefully accept any of your manifestations of acting. After all, for him, this means that you are included in the game.
5. Explain or not incomprehensible words - decide for yourself. To make sure that the child understood you, you can not ask about it, but make a slightly longer pause and look at the little listener. If he is passionate, then there is no need to explain anything. Or add a small explanation or a synonym to the text: "He frowned, that is, pouted."
Here, for example, is how actress Nonna Grishaeva reads the fairy tale "Mary Poppins" to the accompaniment of an orchestra
Of course, when a child listens to a story, he doesn't think about the letters or about wanting to learn to read. He thinks in images: he imagines a terrible wolf, goes on a journey with a navigator, tries to save a beautiful princess from a dragon. At the same time, his brain still fixes: in order for the images to come to life, you need a book. You have to hold it in your hands and sort out all these strange squiggles. Like mom, dad or grandma. It is at this moment that the child has a desire to learn to read on his own.
This article provides an expert opinion on why reading aloud to a child, regardless of age, is a miracle cure for building a lifelong love of books.
Is there a link between reading aloud and doing well in school?
It has been proven that a child who comes to school with a large vocabulary learns better than a child whose vocabulary is very poor.
Why is that? If you think about it, in elementary school, almost all teaching takes place orally. At kindergarten age, children do not yet know how to read or are just starting to read, so the teacher constantly talks to them, explaining the educational material. This statement is true not only for reading, but also for all other subjects; the teacher does not ask the children to open their textbooks and read paragraph #3. Teaching is oral, and children with large vocabulary have an advantage because they understand most of what is taught to them. Children with small vocabulary do not understand what is happening from the very beginning and, as a rule, lag behind in learning, and more and more over time.
How can a child form a large vocabulary even before the start of school? A large vocabulary most often develops in children with whom a lot of talking and reading aloud. If you think about it, you can come to the conclusion that the child cannot pronounce words that he has not heard before. For example, the word "wise". The child will not be able to pronounce this word if he has not heard it before. And in order to remember this word, the child, most likely, must hear it several times. This, of course, does not apply to swear words. When a child hears his parent swear, he remembers all words of this kind from the very first time and repeats them with pleasure at every opportunity. But most words children need to hear several times, so it is important that parents talk to children and in their presence from a very early age, because this is how children learn words.
So, parents should talk to their children, but reading aloud is also very important. From what source can children draw the most unfamiliar words? In conversations, we often use verbal abbreviations rather than full sentences. But the language of the books is very rich and colorful and uses full sentences. The language of books, newspapers and magazines is more complex, intricate. A child who hears complex words has a gigantic advantage over a child who is deprived of such an opportunity.
Reading aloud also increases a child's attention span. Finally, reading aloud is a great advertisement for the reading process itself. When you read aloud, you spark interest in reading. A child whose parents read to will want to learn to read for himself, because he will want to do what his parents do. But if a child never sees someone open a book, he is unlikely to have such a desire.
Parents often say: "My child is in the fourth grade, and he has been able to read for a long time, why should I read to him?". Experts answer this question as follows: "Your child can read at the level of the fourth grade, but at what level does he listen?"
A child's reading level is usually below his listening level until eighth grade. In particular, you can and should read seventh grade books to a fifth grader. As a rule, the plots of such books capture children and motivate them to read. A fifth grader might like a book with a more complicated plot that he or she still has a hard time getting through. Reading aloud really captivates the child, because when you read story books, the child is immersed in the most interesting world of the printed word, in which the plots are complex and serious, and the child is ready to listen and perceive them with enthusiasm, even if he still does not know how to read at the appropriate level.
Reading aloud to children is also in a good way solve complex issues. For example, you might say to a child, "I don't want you to associate with so-and-so," but that notation is likely to go in one ear of the child and out the other. However, if you read a book about a boy who gets into trouble because of bad company, your child will experience the situation directly and you will be able to talk to him about it. You can ask questions such as: "What do you think the boy did right choice?”, “Do you think this girl was really his girlfriend?”. When you talk about a book together, it's not a notation anymore, it's more like the coach and players reviewing the footage of the game together in order to determine what went right and what went wrong.
Books that amaze
Someone once said that books allow you to explore explosive situations without fear of an explosion. Books allow you to improve your understanding of people beyond your own experience and develop a sense of empathy. A child from a poor family, reading books, can learn that there are children who are much worse than him, there are children who need even the most necessary things. The wider our world, the more we understand and the more we learn to empathize.
Another benefit of reading aloud is that if the parent himself didn't read much as a child, reading to the child gives him the chance to go back to his childhood and read the works he didn't read before. Many parents, especially fathers, often say, “Wow! I didn’t read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer as a child and had no idea how much I missed!”
Do teachers need to read aloud to children, even in high school?
Yes, because if you stop advertising, trading stops. Children should read at school, but such reading does not promote this process. Most of the material that children read in accordance with school curriculum no one would read for pleasure. And if all reading is only related to learning, you develop a attitude towards reading as a third-rate activity in the student, and by the time he graduates from school, he will only wait for the moment to stop doing it. He will read only at school and for school, but not in life and not for pleasure. Of course, children should read a certain amount of educational material, but they must not forget that there are books that make you laugh, cry and worry with all your heart.
Exists famous saying Phyllis Theros on how high school is the last gas stop before hitting the road of adulthood, so the lessons kids learn in high school are important. But under the current conditions of testing, there is so much pressure on teachers that few of them take the time to read aloud. And this is a big loss. Standardized tests have nothing to do with real life, which means that schools are becoming disconnected from reality. The problems that every adult faces every day have nothing to do with what they were taught in school. When there is a crisis in life or someone asks you for help, your reaction is mostly associated with your sense of empathy and compassion - the experience of solving multivariate tests is simply not useful to you.
Therefore, teachers are torn between what they think is right and what they are forced to do. If reading becomes hard, monotonous work for children, then they try to avoid it whenever possible. Of course, teachers are very busy and need to be taught. a large number of learning material, but even if they devote only five minutes of a lesson to reading for pleasure, at the end of the year, all these five minutes collected will become the most vivid childhood memories.
Should we be concerned about the ubiquitous electronic devices and their impact on reading?
Electronic devices are addictive. You press a button and magic happens - what could be better? So kids are easily addicted to electronics.
Parents must set limits because children cannot limit themselves. In too many families, it often happens that one parent is watching a sports match, the other is shopping in the Internet store, and the child is sitting in front of the computer screen, and before you have time to look back, how the child goes years without reading, .. the intellectual value of the family just disappears. Boys play video and computer games more than girls, but girls spend a lot of time in in social networks and for messaging. The average teen spends 90 minutes a day emailing, and that's on average, which means many kids spend even longer on it.
Distracted Generation
We are entering an era of unprecedented change since Gutenberg's invention of the printing press; The world is changing faster than we can keep track. Today, children carry an electronic tablet to school instead of 10 kg of textbooks. A student can find a textbook for any subject online and follow the link to, for example, watch a program on World War II.
This is a good fact. The bad news is that there is evidence that we don't remember screen-read information as well as book-read information. And yet people are “on the screen” all the time. We are raising the most abstract generation in human history. The more distractions, the more worse man thinks. Technology saves space, weight and time, but there is no evidence that it saves children's minds, especially if children spend all their time in front of screens and do not open books. Therefore, a lot depends on the parents. Parents should limit their children's screen time, read to them a lot, and nurture and nurture their children's love of books and reading.
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Yours? You are not alone. But this process should not be left to chance. No, you don't need to force it, just like in any other business. Just need to find a lot interesting book and approach to a son or daughter. The rest is a matter of technique.
Reading aloud - features and benefits
As the experience of many parents shows, this is in every way a wonderful form of introducing children to reading, although some points can get in the way. How to be? It is necessary to know some nuances, and everything will work out.
Features of reading aloud: what can interfere
Yes, it won't work right away. After all, there are several significant factors:
- age: well, let the child himself know how to read or is still small (up to 10-15 they can listen), because he may not understand all the information, he may be bored reading alone, so read aloud regularly (maybe even in turn!), looking for suitable books every time;
- child's temperament: one will not sit still, and the other will obviously be bored;
- lack of time: we must try to adjust all matters so that it remains an indestructible tradition;
- guests may arrive: or other circumstances may appear, but the tradition of reading aloud should not be stopped, except in extreme cases;
- difficulty choosing books: this is an excuse, because there are a lot of books on sale and on the Internet!
Yes, you will have to stock up on patience from day to day or evening, because you will need to read slowly, thoughtfully, talking with the child, explaining something to him. But the benefits are clear!
Benefits of reading aloud
It is known that in many families there is such a tradition. Somewhere it is even considered a holiday. Imagine a picture ... Children's. Kids in bed. In this warm, homely environment, you are nearby. And the quiet reading that spreads in the room pours like honey ... And here it is, the benefit!
- Babies develop oral speech, for older children - reasoning and love for the book.
- Their vocabulary is enriched and their horizons are expanding.
- They fall asleep soundly and wake up in the morning with a wonderful mood. Of course, if you do not choose some horror stories for them.
- Children are gradually getting acquainted with Russian classics, which will help them at school, in later life, and with spiritual literature, etc.
- Reading aloud to them, spending time together, you spiritually approach each other, teach them how to solve difficult problems.
- This (collective discussion of the book as well) helps the children to develop more actively and, who knows, maybe find their profession, learn virtue, etc.
What are the best books to read aloud?
With older children it is more difficult. Nevertheless, it is necessary to do this, including the reading of the Holy Scriptures, books of spiritual content. And it is better to choose together, but unobtrusively.
Is it desirable to select a single theme? Or better genres look for different ones? The main thing is that reading aloud is of interest to the child. Sometimes many children ask for a second and third time to read something. So it got stuck. Each child is individual, look for the keys to it!
It is possible and so - remembering your childhood, adolescence, youth. What did you like then? So look for books that you liked.
Another important thing is the gender of the child. Literature is chosen for a girl with one bias, for boys with another. And here it would be nice to introduce the father!
Be that as it may, but there are basic directions that will help the child in development.
- Classic ( fiction) . It is important to read, because at school or institute, the child will definitely remember everything that you talked about, what details you discussed while reading Gogol, Dostoevsky, Pushkin, Nekrasov, etc. And in general, in its best examples, it is always useful ...
- Fairy tales. Be very careful with your choice! Alas, the plots of many of the fairy tales resemble horror films (children not only do not fall asleep at night, but acquire a lot of tics and other similar problems) and are scenarios for committing crimes.
- Educational literature. The possibilities here are simply enormous. You can methodically read literature that will help you to understand many processes. This is literature about animals, about nature, about crafts, about sciences, etc. Naturally, you need to start with several chapters of the Children's Bible, where this process is described, so that the child has a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe creation of the world and so that he can perceive other things through this prism .
- spiritual literature. Everything is great here too. Yes, there is a children's catechism, stories written by Orthodox writers, etc. The main thing is to take into account age and not read under duress. It is equally important to talk with children about what they read, again, unobtrusively and connecting what they read with life ...
Do's and Don'ts of Reading
How to
- First, slowly and clearly.
- Second, be patient, even if the child does not listen to the reading.
- Third, so that everything is clear and understandable to him (that is, talk to him, pronounce important points explain the meaning of something).
- Fourth, so as to interest the child (up to the point that show him the drawings, or retell interesting things in words).
- If the child does not agree with something, discuss together.
- Praise him if he asked something, asked to repeat, etc.
Finally, so that your intonation is natural and pleasing to the ear, and not edifying and strict.
How not to
Don't read the book if you haven't reviewed it yourself! Of course, the exception is the New and Old Testament...
Do not sit far from the bed, the child must hear you well.
Don't turn into a mentor by constantly asking him if he liked what he read. If he was interested, he will ask or tell. If you do decide to ask, do it on occasion and tactfully.
Do not discuss with your child every line that seems important to you. Prioritize.
Stimulate the child's desire to understand this or that place, understand, evaluate and discuss it.
Do not read to the end what you have outlined. You won't be forced to be nice. Better think about how to interest. But the book must be finished, even if it takes several attempts.
Don't force reading, find another way.
Until what age should you read aloud to your child?
It depends on him. Of course, even if he already knows how to read on his own, reading together is more useful. But your labors were crowned with success if the child himself asks to read to him.
Summary
Some may be skeptical about reading aloud. Like, there are so many sources of information around. Meanwhile, neither tablets nor other sources are able to instill in a child a love of reading, to teach them to understand literature, in many processes, to communicate so closely with parents ... So why trust someone with the important process of educating a personality? Let's try ourselves!