How to learn English rules. How to learn spoken English quickly. Expand your English vocabulary
English grammar cannot be called simple with all desire - rules, exceptions, exceptions to exceptions ... It is clear why many people think English language difficult! Grammar is basically a complex structure, and before you can speak or write English, you need to understand how words fit together, how they form new forms, and so on. However, if you study hard and carefully, then even English grammar can be mastered!
Steps
Part 1
Grammar at the word level-
Learn more about the rules governing the use of a particular part of speech. If you want to know English really well, then you should know these rules better than your own name. Remember the following in particular:
- Nouns can be: singular or plural; proper or common nouns; collective; countable or not countable; abstract or concrete; verbal.
- Pronouns can be: personal, possessive, reflexive, intense, mutual, indefinite, demonstrative, interrogative or relative.
- Adjectives can be used on their own, as well as in the comparative and in the superlative degree.
- Adverbs are either relative or frequent.
- Unions are either connecting or correlative.
- Verbs can be: action verbs and linking verbs; main or auxiliary.
- The articles "a" and "an" are indefinite, the article "the" is definite.
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Writing numbers. Single-digit numbers (from 0 to 9) should be written in words, two-digit numbers (10 and beyond) - already in numbers.
- In writing numbers in a sentence, uniformity must be observed; mixing types of writing is unacceptable.
- Correct: I bought 14 apples but my sister only bought 2 apples.
- Incorrect: I bought 14 apples but my sister only bought two apples.
- Never start a sentence with a number written as a digit.
- Simple fractions are written as words, separated by a hyphen. Example: one-half
- Mixed fractions can be written as numbers. Example: 5 1/2
- Decimals are written as numbers. Example: 0.92
- When writing numbers consisting of 4 or more digits, commas are used. Example: 1,234,567
- When specifying the days of the month, the digital form of the record is used. Example: June 1
Part 2
Grammar at the “sentence” level-
Match the subjects with the predicates properly. Both the subject and the predicate belonging to the same grammatical nucleus must have the same number category. You cannot use singular verbs with plural subjects and vice versa. The plural of the subject is the plural form of the predicate.
- Correctly: They are at school.
- Not properly: They is at school.
- When two singular subjects are connected by the union "and" ( he and his brother), then the subject takes the plural form. When the connection occurs through the unions "or" or "nor" ( he or his brother), then the subject remains singular.
- Collective nouns, such as "family" or "team," are used as singular subjects in the sentence, and therefore require a singular verb.
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Learn to form compound sentences. Compounds are the simplest after simple sentences. To form such a sentence, you need to combine two simple sentences on the same topic using a conjunction.
- Not so good: The dog ran. He was fast.
- Much better: The dog ran and he was fast.
- Not good: We looked for the missing book. We could not find it.
- Much better: We looked for the missing book but could not find it.
- Not so good: The dog ran. He was fast.
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Learn to use conditionals. A conditional construction means that part of the statement will be true only if the other part of the statement is also true. The classic conditionals are "if, then" statements, although the word "then" is not always used in the finished sentence.
- Example: If you ask your mother then she will take you to the store.
- However, this form will also be considered correct: If you ask your mother, she will take you to the store.
- Both forms are conditional.
- Example: If you ask your mother then she will take you to the store.
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Learn to work with parts of a complex sentence. These parts are simple sentences, from which the complex is composed; these parts themselves are dependent or main
- The main sentence has its own grammatical core (subject and predicate), therefore it is the main one. By the way, compound sentences consist of main sentences.
- Example: She felt sad but her friends cheered her up.
- Both "she felt sad" and "her friends cheered her up" can be separate sentences.
- Dependent clauses cannot be separated into separate clauses.
- Example: while he agreed with his brother, the boy would not admit to it.
- The part "While he agreed with his brother" cannot become an independent sentence, therefore it acts as a dependent one.
- The main sentence has its own grammatical core (subject and predicate), therefore it is the main one. By the way, compound sentences consist of main sentences.
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Learn the features of punctuation. The punctuation of the English language is a separate headache for everyone who studies it. Of course, you also have to learn all the rules governing punctuation, but you can use the following basic principles to get started:
- Dot(.) is placed at the end of the sentence.
- ellipsis(...) is set when part of the text is removed from a paragraph.
- commas(,) separate words where a pause is needed, but not as long as a pause from a dot.
- Semicolon(;) is used in compound sentences that do not have a conjunction.
- Colon(:) is used to insert into a list clause.
- Question mark(?) is placed at the end of an interrogative sentence.
- Exclamation point(!) is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
- Quotes(") separate words spoken by another person from the rest of the text.
- Round brackets() are used to provide information that clarifies the previous statement.
- Apostrophe(") is used in abbreviations and to indicate possessiveness.
Part 3
Grammar at the level of “paragraph” and “text”-
Learn paragraph structure. A simple paragraph has three to seven sentences. Each paragraph should have a topic, arguing sentences and a sentence-conclusion.
- As a rule, the topic is the first sentence of the paragraph, which introduces the idea that the author will consider in the rest of the paragraph.
- Example: English grammar is a complex topic that covers a range of information.
- Argument clauses explain the idea presented in the first sentence with additional information.
- Example: English grammar is a complex topic that covers a range of information. At the "word" level, one must learn about parts of speech. At the "sentence" level, topics like sentence structure, subject/verb agreement, and clauses must be explored. The rules governing punctuation use are also a part of "sentence" level grammar. Once a person starts writing larger piece, he or she must also learn about paragraph structure and organization.
- The sentence-conclusion sums up the information presented in the paragraph. Such a sentence is not always required, but it is still important for you to know how it is written.
- Example: English grammar is a complex topic that covers a range of information. At the "word" level, one must learn about parts of speech. At the "sentence" level, topics like sentence structure, subject/verb agreement, and clauses must be explored. The rules governing punctuation use are also a part of "sentence" level grammar. Once a person starts writing larger piece, he or she must also learn about paragraph structure and organization. All of these rules define and describe how to write English correctly.
- Note that the first sentence of a paragraph should be indented from the left margin.
- As a rule, the topic is the first sentence of the paragraph, which introduces the idea that the author will consider in the rest of the paragraph.
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Use different sentences in a paragraph. Technically, you can write a paragraph with just simple sentences. However, it would be much better and more correct to combine different kinds sentences in the text.
- Good: I love my cat. He has soft, orange fur. On cold days, he likes to cuddle next to me for warmth. I think that my cat is the greatest cat ever, and I am really happy to have him.
- Bad: I love my cat. He is orange. His fur is soft. He cuddles next to me on cold days. My cat is the greatest cat. I am really happy to have him.
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Learn to write larger chunks of coherent text. Having learned how to write paragraphs, it's time to take on more serious text organization formats. For example, start writing an essay. Of course, writing an essay is a separate issue that should be worked out separately. However, here is what we would like to point out separately:
- The essay should have an introductory paragraph, three or more paragraphs of arguments, and a final paragraph with conclusions.
- The introductory paragraph serves to introduce the topic of the essay. The following paragraphs should expand on the topic, with each argument paragraph highlighting a particular aspect of the topic. In the final paragraph, it is necessary to re-state the findings and not introduce new information.
- In writing numbers in a sentence, uniformity must be observed; mixing types of writing is unacceptable.
Learn the parts of speech. Each word of the English language refers to one or another part of speech, which determine not what what means a word, but how it is being used.
The study of foreign languages includes such processes as: listening, reading, pronunciation and familiarity with vocabulary. And most of the time it takes at first glance the simplest of them - knowledge of vocabulary. At the same time, this is the most important aspect, because all other processes are tied to it. Therefore, our today's material is entirely devoted to tips and techniques for learning vocabulary. In the article we will tell you what vocabulary is optimal for spoken English, how to quickly learn English words and where to get new lexical material. With the tips presented, your classes will surely become much easier and more effective. Let's get to work!
Before we learn how to memorize English words correctly, let's decide how many of them are required for free colloquial speech.
Immediately make a reservation that it is difficult to give an exact figure. Various sources most often mention an interval of 2,500 - 4,000 words, but there are a number of questions about this figure. At the very least, it is unclear what exactly these words are, and in what area they are intended for communication. Therefore, we propose in search of an answer to the question " how many words in english do you need to know”, based on the general level of knowledge and potential topics of communication. To do this, we introduce the term "meaningful words".
Meaningful words - these are the words, expressions and phrases that you can actively use in conversations.
Speaking in more detail, this is not all the material that you have learned and almost forgotten safely, but the part that is successfully used in speech. As a rule, this is an active vocabulary that is found in the speech of the English every day. And it is very important that you not only understand what the conversation is about in English, but also use these phrases in it yourself. So, here are some stats.
Level | Approximate number of significant words | Topics |
beginner | 500-700 | Acquaintance, family, profession, hobbies.
Food, drinks, objects, colors, numbers up to 20. |
Elementary | 1000-1500 | Travel, recreation, entertainment.
Phrases for communication in a store, restaurant or hotel. Visiting the airport and train station. A story about events in different times. |
intermediate | 2000-2500 | Phrasal verbs. Minimal business vocabulary.
Ability to maintain a detailed conversation on everyday topics. |
Upper intermediate | 3000-3500 | General + special professional vocabulary.
Aphorisms, slang, quotes from books. |
Advanced | 3500-4000 | Ability to elaborate on complex, abstract and philosophical topics.
Full knowledge of business and partly scientific vocabulary. |
Proficiency | from 4500 | Perfect knowledge of the language and all speech turns. |
Approximately this number of words and expressions in English must be memorized to achieve a certain level of knowledge.
Where and how to look for words and expressions in English
And another important aspect is the correct selection of topics for study. There are often problems with this learning moment, especially for beginner students. So, first we will tell you how NOT to work with the vocabulary of a foreign language.
- Don't memorize random words - for example, they opened a dictionary on any page and began to learn everything in a row. Yes, you will remember a certain number of words in this way, but it is unlikely that you will ever really use them in speech.
- Do not seek to get acquainted with specific vocabulary - at the initial level of knowledge, you still cannot use slang or professional jargon in speech. And without active use, knowledge is gradually forgotten.
- Don't overload yourself - all these 50 or 100 new English words every day sound very attractive, but bring little benefit. First, when there are a lot of words, they all settle in short-term memory, and the next morning more than half of the list is forgotten. Secondly, it is impossible to work through such a number of words every day in a speech context, therefore, they will soon be forgotten again.
These are three global mistakes that prevent you from quickly memorizing words in English and using them in your speech.
Now let's move on to reverse side medals, and tell you how to learn English words correctly. Here, in fact, everything is simple and just one piece of advice is enough - study should be useful and exciting. In order not to get bored, choose topics that are interesting to you, and take advantage of the language from the construction of phrases and dialogues. Even if you have no one to communicate with yet, play the dialogues by roles alone. So you will start speaking and automatically thinking in English faster.
For classes, try to choose words that are either related in terms of a particular topic, or are very popular and are used everywhere. In this case, having memorized a few words, you can already link them into a meaningful dialogue, that is, turn the memorized material into a full-fledged conversation in English. Where to get such vocabulary? There are many sources, for example:
- thematic collections;
- lists and tops of popular English words;
- vocabulary from books, songs, films and radio programs;
- teaching aids and phrasebooks.
So, if you take English words on the topic “Food” for study, then by memorizing a few verbs and nouns, you can already build a phrase: I eat an apple ( I am eating an apple); she eats rice with vegetables She eats rice with vegetables) etc. This is the essence of effective learning: not just to memorize translation and spelling, but to be able to use the word.
Now, having mastered the main principles of working with vocabulary, we set off to select the most effective method for memorizing English words.
How to quickly learn English words - techniques and tips
All learners want to memorize English words quickly and easily. But, of course, there is no such universal way that allows you to learn 100 English words in 5 minutes and not forget any of them. However, it is quite possible to learn to quickly memorize vocabulary and be able to hold it in memory for a long time. To do this, you just need to be able to choose the right technique. In this section, we will introduce you to the best of them.
mnemonics
The question of how to quickly learn a lot of English words has been considered by many linguists and scientists. Thanks to their searches and efforts, a unique method of memorizing foreign words was invented, based on the peculiarities of memory.
The standard approach to the study of vocabulary is carried out according to the following scheme: English writing - transcription - translation. With this method, the memorized word is recognized first of all by spelling, i.e. clearly. Therefore, we read and translate texts well, but in conversation we often get lost and cannot remember the appropriate expression.
The mnemonics method proposes an inverse scheme: meaning - sound - spelling. At the same time, work with translation and pronunciation is carried out with the help of native language associations.
For example, take the word monkey [monkey] - a monkey. The student's task is to present vivid image monkey and associate it with a phrase consonant English word. For example, a MONKEY ate a plate of MONEY, or just a MONKEY ate a MONKEY. And imagine how a monkey eats semolina. A bright and consonant image of 100% will remain in your memory for a long time, and when you need to talk about monkeys in English, the word “manki” will automatically come to mind.
Mnemonics - the most popular method of memorization new information. If you urgently need to learn English words for a dictation or an exam, this technique will not be equal in efficiency. But, if associative thinking is not at all your forte, then it is better to choose another easy and quick way to remember English words.
Audio, video, writing, logic diagrams and maps
This is not really a technique, but rather advice: if you want to learn words in English as quickly as possible, include your individual qualities in the work.
- Are you better at hearing information? Listen to special audio recordings or record your own audio lessons.
- Prefer visual design? Watch videos with popular vocabulary, study words with pictures, make up images for the studied expressions on your own.
- Accustomed to more trust feelings? Learn vocabulary in writing or on the move. Rewrite thematic collections of words manually, enliven words with gestures and movements, tap out the rhythm of syllables.
- Your all logic and strict ordering of the studied material? Make thematic diagrams or mind maps (smart maps). For example, words on the topic "apartment" are studied. Logical nodes of the scheme: room-kitchen-bathroom-corridor. From these bases there are ramifications into typical interior items: bathroom - shower, washbasin, tiles; corridor - hanger, mirror, bedside table, etc..
Cards
The classic way of learning vocabulary, which has been successfully tested by millions of people. Flashcards help beginners learn English, and provide a quick memorization of large volumes of vocabulary.
The point is simple. A thematic selection of cards is taken. Each card contains the translation and transcription on one side, and the English spelling of the word and sometimes a picture on the other. The task of the student is to work alternately with one of the parties, reproducing information from the back in memory.
For example, at first we learn words according to the traditional scheme: we look at the English word and remember the Russian translation. This is the first stage of the lesson. Then we take a break for 10 minutes, and carry out the reverse process: we look at the Russian translation, remember the English spelling and pronunciation.
After two circles, we again take a break, and we consolidate the studied material by building sentences. In the first lessons, these are, of course, Russian sentences with an insertion of an English word: I (I) reading a book. And a little later we are already switching to completely English phrases: Ireada book (book).
Own dictionary
Almost all people who have learned English remember their notebook with written words. You may ask why in the modern world such a relic of the past, when you can take any list of words from the Internet. Well, we will answer: just to make it easier and better to memorize English words.
For effective memorization of information, one must be able not only to perceive it correctly, but also to process it “for oneself”. This is the law of any activity. Our own thoughts, ideas and actions are processed by our brain much better than copying, and even more so memorizing, other people's ideas.
Therefore, get used to keeping your own dictionary of words in English. Write down the most difficult expressions to remember in it and repeat them when you have a free minute. For even greater efficiency, after each scribbled page, conduct a test dictation in English.
After a few lessons, you will feel your progress and see for yourself that a seemingly simple “notebook” is a necessary and irreplaceable thing when learning a foreign language.
Stickers
Adhesive multi-colored pieces of paper are used not only for office notes, but also as a language learning tool. Let's say you master the topic "Kitchen", which includes words on the topics:
- tableware;
- furniture;
- Appliances;
- plumbing;
- food and meals.
How easy is it to memorize such a volume of different English vocabulary? Yes, very simple. Go to your own kitchen and stick stickers with English names on the items you study. Your gaze will cling to a bright piece of paper and constantly resemble the English word for this subject. The main thing is to look into the kitchen more often.
The same can be done with almost any topic. It is not even necessary that you have an object of suitable value. For example, you are learning irregular verbs. Write out some forms that are difficult for you on a sticker and stick it on the monitor. Now, when you decide to work on the computer, your eyes will also cling to the paper, and you will say the forms again irregular verbs. A couple of such mini-lessons - and you yourself will not notice how you remember the material.
Thus, stickers are an effective method of how to quickly and easily learn English words in a short period of time. It has practically no drawbacks if you act according to the above methodology. Unless, households will object to the abundance of stickers.
Mobile apps and games
With modern gadgets and Internet access, you can quickly study any information.
So, for different mobile platforms, many applications for learning English words have been developed. They are small electronic collections on everyday and the most popular topics for communication. As a rule, the study of words is checked in several aspects at once:
- spelling;
- listening comprehension;
- independent pronunciation.
And this is a big plus of this method of learning. But, it also has several significant disadvantages.
The most important disadvantages of mobile applications for learning foreign languages are the small amount of vocabulary and the ease of guessing words. Often the expressions go in the same sequence or the right word is logically guessed from the picture. This method does not contribute to the work of the brain at full capacity, respectively, and the memory does not turn on at full strength. And this is true, most likely just a game than a full-fledged training.
Somewhat more serious are specialized sites that help users learn words. Here the lesson has a similar format, but thematic selections are more saturated and control over the development of information is more strict. But, we would also recommend them only as an additional source of information or a way to conduct an English lesson outside the box. After all, it is also no secret to anyone that it is impossible to conduct the same lessons every day. Variety is the key to successful language acquisition. This is where interactive apps come in handy.
Spaced repetitions
This technique is incredibly effective, and even if you have chosen a different way of learning words for yourself, we recommend combining it with this method. Believe me, positive results will not keep you waiting.
The essence of interval learning is to repeat all the learned material at strictly defined intervals. First, 15 minutes after the lesson, then an hour later, a day, 3 days, a week, 10 days, 3 weeks, a month, 3 months, 6 months, etc. The exact interval schedule can be adjusted according to individual characteristics memory. The main thing is to strictly observe the regularity of classes.
Let's say you just learned the word invisible ( invisible). Now it is in short-term memory, i.e. this information was remembered for a short time. Rest for 15 minutes, and then try to make a sentence with this word. After an hour, come up with another phrase. The next day, repeat the memorized word again using the new context. And so on, according to the schedule. The constant reference to memory will make the brain understand that this information is very important and deserves to be in long-term memory.
You will probably say that this is not a fast way at all. Yes, in part. But we are talking about how to learn English words, and not memorize them for one day to write a dictation or pass an exam. A thorough memorization involves the application of certain efforts and time. And for urgent memorization, we have already given several effective methods above.
But, even if your task is only to learn 30 new words for tomorrow's English dictation, do not be lazy to repeat them in the evening after the exam and in a couple of days. And then the efforts made will bring not only a positive assessment, but also become a successful investment in general knowledge of the English language.
That's all. Prepare vocabulary, choose your favorite technique, do not be lazy to conduct spaced repetitions, and you will definitely achieve fluency in English.
We also advise you to study useful material about 1000 words in English that you need to know, it will definitely come in handy when learning English.
Good luck and see you soon!
Many schoolchildren are faced with a situation where they simply need to quickly learn a verse, but there is practically no time left for this. There is an effective technique that gives an answer to the question, how to learn poetry fast at recess, even before the lesson, providing accelerated memorization. Let's face it: the technique is not too simple, but if desired, it can be mastered.
Instruction for memorization
- In order to quickly learn a verse, it should be read aloud 2-3 times.
- In the process of reading, it is better to act by the method of associations, mentally imagining the picture that is mentioned in the poem. After that, something must remain in the head for sure.
- The poem needs to be read one more time, but at a slower pace, trying to remember the form and tenses of the words.
- In order to connect another type of memory, you need to rewrite the poem on paper. In this case, it is worth pronouncing the poem aloud. You should not miss this moment, as it will allow you to learn the verse even faster.
- In order to simplify the memorization process, you can break each stanza of the poem into several even smaller parts.
- It is necessary to memorize a verse directly only from the sheet of paper on which it was copied. Read the first line several times, and then repeat it out loud, no longer looking at the sheet. Then you should read the first and second line together, and then repeat them aloud all together. Then you should do this with the first, second and third lines, each time adding one more. However, it is not at all necessary to learn a whole poem in this way. A new cycle can be started with 4-8 lines.
- Sometimes it happens that some places in the poem can not be memorized. Basically, this happens at the junction of the so-called cycles. Therefore, you can write a cheat sheet on your hand with the word with which the cycle begins, which is difficult to remember. http://otmetim.info/kak-bystro-vyuchit-stix/
- This method of memorizing poetry is very effective and allows anyone to learn several pages of text in 1 hour even without any training. However, if you have a little more time left, then start memorizing the verse 2 days before it is due. On the first day, this process should be given 20 minutes before bedtime, and on the second, this time should be increased to 1 hour. After all, it is no secret to anyone that at night a person comprehends what he has learned. As a result, a poem memorized in this way will bounce off like teeth.
We recommend that you bookmark this page press Ctrl+D). Problems with memorization can arise if you do not get enough sleep. To improve your memory, try to sleep at least 7 hours a day, breathe fresh air, be in nature more often, play sports.
How to learn a rule in 5 minutes (Russian)
School students often wonder why they are asked learn the rules of the Russian language. They spend a lot of time memorizing, but often in vain, because the level of literacy does not increase from this. This is because the rules are not memorized "on the machine", they need to be understood and comprehended. This cheat sheet contains recommendations for students: how to learn a rule in 5 minutes (Russian language). It will talk about the quick but correct way learning the rules of the Russian language.
Why you need to learn Russian
The study of the native language is in the first place in the school system of any country. Our native Russian language is given more time than other subjects. This is not surprising, because it can be studied throughout life and every time you discover new knowledge. Without a sufficiently extensive vocabulary of words and their use in correct meaning it is impossible to correctly and logically build your thought. A diligent study of the subject makes it possible to understand the meaning literary works different epochs up to the present, as well as to achieve an early understanding with the interlocutors.
How to quickly and permanently learn the rule in the Russian language
1. You should definitely tune in to memorizing the rule. You can’t do this hastily and with the devices that make noise and sounds turned on (tape recorder, TV, computer). You need to decide on the purpose of memorization: to teach only in order to answer the teacher or knowledge of the rule will come in handy throughout life.
2. The rule must be read thoughtfully, pronouncing all the words clearly. For the best result, be sure to delve into the meaning of what is written. Without knowledge of the lexical meaning of the words used in the rule, this is impossible. The words that are the main (key) ones should be underlined with a pencil or highlighted with a colored marker (if this is not a library textbook!). The underlined words will help when reproducing the rule from memory, as the visual form of memory will be involved. It can help to present the rule in a graphical, easy-to-understand diagram or table. This will take no more than 5 minutes.
Help in understanding the meaning of the rule can be reformulated (if possible).
If the rule contains several subparagraphs, then each of them should be considered separately. And when memorizing the content of all subparagraphs, you need to link them. Imaginative thinking and fantasy will help to learn the rule if you try to imagine a picture of what the rule says.
3. A new rule will be easier to learn if you connect it with previously studied material. Already studied information with new knowledge is better absorbed when compared.
4. The rules are usually illustrated with examples that you need to read and compare these samples with the information that explains the meaning of the rule. It is advisable to perform appropriate exercises to consolidate what has been learned. In the course of work, do not forget to repeat the rule, saying it out loud.
5. It is useful to retell the learned material to one of the relatives or to yourself (the textbook must be closed). You can also try this option: someone close to you reads the beginning of the rule, and you need to finish it. Or like this: answer under what condition it will be written or said correctly.
Love for the native language is instilled from childhood, and knowledge of the basics of spelling and speaking is necessary for every person. Without knowledge of the rules of the Russian language and the ability to apply them in practice, it is impossible to fully use the language as a powerful tool for communication between people.
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How to learn English in 5 minutes?
English is considered an international language, which occupies an important place in communication, commercial and industrial activities and cooperation between countries. Most of us are very fond of traveling and understand that it is impossible to do without knowing this language.
For many students, it is important to learn English quickly in order to pass an international exam in order to improve their skills. Today, knowledge of this language is required in almost all industries: medicine, trade, economics, and so on. But not everyone has time to learn a foreign language.
Is it possible to learn English in 5 minutes?
If you allocate at least 5 minutes of your time for learning new foreign words for the whole day, then the result will be noticeable in the near future. The knowledge gained in such short sessions will gradually accumulate and will be useful in the future.
Methods for quickly learning English
memorization of words
There are several ways to quickly memorize foreign words:
- To get started, start learning English with outstanding words that are used in everyday communication. This will help you achieve the desired result much easier.
- Prepare some cards. On one side write a foreign word, on the other its translation into Russian. Look through the cards daily, pronouncing the words several times and memorizing their translation. Put the learned cards aside, but do not forget to periodically check yourself with them.
- For words that are difficult to remember, use associative thinking. Try to choose associations in Russian for a foreign expression. For example, if it is difficult for you to remember the word puddle, which means - a puddle, mud, pay attention to the consonance - fell, and you can immediately imagine or remember a situation like you or someone else fell into a puddle or mud. This method effectively allows you to remember words in English that are difficult for you to perceive.
- Create a notepad that you will always carry with you and write in it the meaning of a new foreign word with associations and combinations with other words or expressions.
- Listen to foreign music or just audio recordings of spoken language.
- Surround yourself with words that are difficult for you to remember, stick them everywhere: on the refrigerator, above the bed, on the walls, so that they are always in your sight.
- Read small texts with the help of online translators, for example, news in English.
- Watch movies in a foreign language with Russian subtitles. This method will help you to listen to various expressions by ear, the meaning of which you will quickly begin to understand, besides, this method is also a pleasant pastime.
- Try to communicate often with your family and friends in English.
- Translate your thoughts into a foreign language. With this method, you will be able to better remember new words.
Sing songs, read poetry in English.
It is very easy to learn to speak a foreign language quickly.
There are a few tips, using which you can achieve a good result in communicating with foreigners:
If you want to learn English on your own, then reading quickly and correctly will not be an easy task for you.
Foreign words are spelled completely differently than they are pronounced:
Grammar
The grammar of the English language includes many rules and exceptions that can only be remembered by studying and understanding them. If you want to learn how to write, speak, read correctly in a foreign language, then you cannot do without the basics of grammar. Having an understanding of the structure and system of this language, you can easily and quickly put your knowledge into practice.
Consider a few basic rules in English grammar:
Learning English quickly, spending a minimum of your time on it, is a very simple task. If you use all the above rules and tips, you will be able to put your knowledge into practice in the near future. Remember, in order to achieve the desired result, you must adhere to a specific plan and study this language daily.
How to learn the rules in 5 minutes
Repeat them several times! Yes, and comprehend them!
First just read it once
Then follow this rule.
Read again
Then write an exercise for this rule
Check if it's right
And then try to tell this rule without a book or an auxiliary thing.
I can't teach correctly
just turn on the sound recording and go to sleep. I have seen such ways.
And we haven't seen them.
just learn then write and everything is ready just tell me right
thanks you helped me
Thanks for helping me learn the rule!
Other questions from the category
So from the winter and remained shaggy.
And in the air - spring bells,
Even the spirit took over the crow.
Suddenly jumped sideways stupid lope,
Down on the ground she looks sideways:
What turns white under the tender grass?
They turn yellow under the gray bench
Last year's wet shavings.
It's all in the crow - toys,
And so the crow is happy
That spring, and breathe freely.
russkij-yazyk.neznaka.ru
How to learn geometry quickly?
- Geometry textbook
- Teaching aids
- encyclopedias
- notebooks
- Drawing supplies
Once it becomes clear that you have thoroughly launched the geometry. As a rule, the realization of this comes at the moment when it needs to be solved very quickly, in connection with the upcoming control or exams. In a couple of days, of course, you won’t be able to learn everything, but in order to do it as soon as possible, you will need to read the following:
Remember that moment in time when you abandoned geometry. This will help you decide on which topic to start studying the unlearned material again. Review all the important definitions and theorems that you remember up to the moment when you stopped studying the subject. This will be exactly the base from which you will build on, dealing with the subsequent material. As a rule, any figure can be described in different ways, for example, a circle can be represented as an equidistant set of points from some center or an infinite set of polygons that form its boundary with external corners. All this can be gleaned from the previous, to the point of incomprehensibility, definitions.
To understand how to quickly learn geometry, you also need to understand that almost all three-dimensional figures are formed by rotating flat figures, for example, a ball - by rotating a circle, a cone - a triangle, a cylinder - a rectangle. Accordingly, some of the properties of flat figures are also applied to stereometric ones similar in type. To describe any figure, use axioms, that is, statements that do not require proof. And on the basis of the properties of the figure described by them, which do not need provability, it will already be much easier to deal with proofs of theorems.
Any theorem contains only two parts: the conditions of the theorem and the conclusion. As a rule, the condition describes what needs to be proved, and the conclusion, in fact, is the proof itself. The conclusion is based on the use of axioms or other previously proven theorems. That is why, without understanding the proof of the previous theorems, an insurmountable misunderstanding of the proof of the current one arises. That is why the sequence of study is very important in geometry.
Also, for a better understanding of how to learn geometry, it is very important to be able and use the drawing of geometric shapes. This not only helps in proving simple theorems without mathematical calculations, but also activates visual memory. Geometry is also interesting in that it allows you to graphically depict the evidence. However, it should be noted that when drawing, all proportions and ratios must be observed, otherwise you can get even more confused.
Take a closer look at the actions of the teacher, how and in what form he tells new material. From this one can understand best ways studying the subject, since teachers, as a rule, choose the most visual and rational ways of conveying information. Using the same technique, you can greatly facilitate your assimilation of the material being studied. From their methods, you will notice that the problems solved in geometry, as a rule, are typical. Applying solutions of one type or another, it is quite possible to solve more global problems in parts.
www.uznay-kak.ru
Today it is difficult to find a person who would not need English. But why do only a select few know it at a decent level? The reason, according to the ignorant themselves, lies in the fact that they have a “bad memory” or “no ability for languages” at all. Perhaps you, dear reader, consider yourself one of those who are "not given." Of course, innate ability plays a certain role, but this is far from the main factor, and almost any person is able to effectively learn a foreign language. We will try to convince you of this, and at the same time we will tell you what needs to be done to make it happen in the shortest possible time, regardless of your age.
And to make it easier for you to believe this, think about this: the brain and speech organs of all people are arranged in approximately the same way, which means that if we speak, read and write in one language, then we can definitely do it in any other. It turns out that the point is not so much in abilities, but in a conscious need (or an irresistible desire) to know the language, the right motivation and a suitable methodology. That is, the "inability" to languages can be easily compensated with the help of a competent organization of study and, of course, perseverance and diligence.
Do I need it?
Now let's talk about everything in more detail. First you need to decide whether you need a language in principle. If yes, then forward to the victory of reason over apathy and laziness! And if you have doubts, quit classes or ... stop doubting, otherwise there will be no results, you simply won’t wait for them, because without a clearly set goal you won’t know where to go.
Ask yourself: "Why do I need a language?" If it’s just like that, “so that it is”, in order to show off a foreign word at a party, then most likely you will not succeed, and you will stop there. You need to see the meaning in your work. If you don't have it, either drop the class or come up with a goal!
Here are some tips for you:
- Travel or tourist trip.
- Studying at a prestigious foreign university.
- Friendship, love, creating a family with a foreigner.
- Playing football, for example, for Manchester United.
- Work abroad.
- Work in a multinational company or own international business.
- Work in a national company that requires knowledge of a foreign language.
Try to write (namely, write on paper) a small essay on the topic: Why do I need English? Having decided, confidently go to your goal and learn the language at the same time. At the same time, try to enjoy the process, this applies not only to learning languages; any work or study becomes many times more effective if done with pleasure.
How long does it take to learn English?
Do not believe the promises to teach you English perfectly in a month, or even in 2 weeks. If you are promised this, it means that they most likely want to sell you something, or rather, to sell you something. Without serious, painstaking work, nothing will come of it. Yes, there are many programs to help you learn a language, but the programs don't teach you, they only help you learn. And miracles happen so far mostly only in fairy tales (and we all love fairy tales very much, which is why all sorts of 25th, 26th and other “frames” that promise to teach you in a dream thrive ...). Think about it, even Small child, who constantly hears his native speech, and whose brain absorbs everything like a sponge, spends 7-10 years on confident mastering the language.
Scared? In vain! Adults can learn much faster than children, due to the fact that they are able to do it in a more conscious and organized way. With such a study, after 4-6 months you can already speak quite decently, and in a year you can master the language to a level close to the native! Just keep in mind that in this case you will have to work with full dedication.
Letters and words
If you're starting from scratch, start with the alphabet and pronunciation, that's the basics. After all, any language consists of sounds, and sounds are represented by letters, although in English all this is rather arbitrary :). There is an opinion that the alphabet is for beginners, "... but he got me at school." This opinion is erroneous: without knowing the alphabet, it is very difficult to dictate your foreign name for writing, read the abbreviation, and it is impossible to fully use the dictionary.
Letters are importantly followed by words consisting of these letters. When starting to learn a language, be sure to limit yourself in time. Installation, maybe like this: in 3 months I will learn 2000 new words, and this is only 20-25 words a day. Follow this plan strictly. This applies to any work: if you don’t do it on time, you most likely will never do it. But don't chase word count; not just a vocabulary is needed, its quality is important. Each person has his own conversational level in his native language and do not think that in a foreign language it will be very different from the original one. Read, analyze, find new words in books, the Internet, translate your Russian vocabulary into English. Textbooks and teachers fill your head with words that you may never need, so do not trust them completely, choose the words yourself, the words you need!
But words alone, as you know, are not enough for us. And, although sentences consist of words, you still need to know how to build these sentences. In this regard, I recommend that you often look at at least the shortest grammar and read aloud as much as possible. That this is well known, probably, by everyone, but very few do it, because it is quite difficult to force yourself to read for a long time. In order to overcome this obstacle, come up with some small reward or encouragement for yourself. For example, don't give yourself a candy bar or a cup of coffee until you've read 3 pages aloud. In general, everything is according to Pavlov.
Words live in phrases
And now let me reveal to you one simple truth, which, unfortunately, is not remembered very often. Words live in phrases; a single word is most often just a set of sounds, but our memory is arranged in such a way that we remember only what is meaningful and interesting to us. Therefore, words learn much faster when they are in the company of other words. It can be a whole sentence or two or three words forming a meaningful phrase. Combinations of a noun with an adjective or a noun with a verb are very good. In the Audio Class, you can expand your vocabulary with
specially selected phrases and phrases.
But word combinations are not everything, the most interesting thing begins when they become a little “hello”. For example, something like: Yellow crocodile walking the streets. Represented? Remember? Russian folk tales, many poems and fairy tales by Korney Chukovsky are built in a similar way:
And the chanterelles
They took the matches
Let's go to the blue sea
The blue sea was lit.
The absurdity is complete, but we all know this poem (at least partially). Did you read as a child? Yes. But, in addition, such seemingly ridiculous fantasies excite our imagination, and with it activate our memory.
And here is the verse in English:
Ding Dong Bell,
Pussy's in the well.
You don't believe me?
Go have a smell.
The meaning is this: the cat fell into the well, whoever does not believe, go smell it ... Not a very pleasant rhyme, but it is remembered with a bang!
Having achieved the first results, you will feel that the learning process becomes a habit and that's great! After all, we not only can, but we must learn all our lives. And, perhaps, the main thing that you will get is an indescribable feeling of joy and delight from achieving the goal, and the knowledge gained will definitely be useful to you in life.
Notebook, cards and motor memory
In order to be able to quickly repeat the past and test your knowledge, lead notebook-dictionary. Now such notebooks can be bought in any stationery. Write down the words, phrases and sentences you like in this dictionary. To this we can add that when learning a foreign language, it is advisable to write more by hand, as this also involves motor memory. Covering English words with your left hand (or a sheet of paper), read Russian and remember their meaning in English, then vice versa, covering Russian words with your right hand, read in English and remember the translation. And you can even write English words on one side of the page, and the translation on the back. This method eliminates peeping and forces the memory to work. But here, perhaps, it's time to remember our vocabulary trainer, in which you can easily hide any part of the text by unchecking the necessary checkbox above the table.
You can also use didactic cards (flash-cards) - these are small cardboard boxes where a sentence or a word is written in English on one side, and on the other, a translation in Russian or a picture corresponding to the English word. Perhaps they can be used as a temporary tutorial, but they tend to wrinkle and get lost, they are difficult to systematize. However, this is my opinion, so choose what is more convenient for you.
Transcription
Write transcription, but do not write it everywhere, save time - write only where you can doubt the pronunciation, because you are keeping this notebook for yourself! It is advisable to use generally accepted transcription signs, for example, IPA, but you can come up with your own or use Russian letters. But this is for the most extreme case, since you simply cannot convey all the subtleties of English pronunciation with Russian letters.
Think and speak English, don't be afraid to make mistakes!
How to learn to think in English? Start with simple, repetitive thoughts in your genius brain (or brain?), for example: "Something I'm hungry - I feel like eating", "That's enough for today - Let's call it a day" or quite prosaic: "What is it smell? - What "s the smell?". your phrases(just pay attention to your thoughts during the day and write them down) translate them with a dictionary, or find analogues on the Internet, write them down in a notebook and remember. Repeat them out loud several times. Force yourself next time, however, no, please yourself think about it in English. Develop this skill, it will gradually become a habit, and you will be able to think about everyday things in English quite easily. Whenever possible, speak your thoughts out loud. It would be ideal to find a partner who is ready to study with you. In this case, you will be listened to and answered, and if you can completely switch to English and refuse to speak Russian, the result will be stunning. At first it seems that it is very difficult, but once you get the taste, it will be almost impossible to stop you! Do not be afraid of mistakes, they are inevitable, but completely harmless.
About modern technologies
Modern technologies are wonderful, I am in favor with both hands. Without a doubt, audio and video recordings, online lessons and seminars are very useful when learning a language. See movies in english, but when viewing, be sure to put a notebook, a pen and a dictionary next to you, you can use an electronic one, for example, in your phone. If necessary, pause and write in your notebook, but do not try to understand and write down every unfamiliar word, just try to grasp the general meaning of the film. It is equally important to get used to the sounds of the language and even to the facial expressions of native speakers. To do this, turn off the subtitles and try to catch the sounds by looking at the speaker's face. This has a double effect: you learn to understand English speech by ear and see how native speakers pronounce the words. For the same purposes, you can advise watching English-language news on the BBC, CNN, NBC channels, watching videos on YouTube. Always choose a topic that interests you. However, you need to understand that just watching and listening is not enough, you also need to actively train your speech apparatus.
It is also useful to use any audio player, but listening to semi-understandable English gibberish quickly gets boring, you want to listen to music, or something funny. I'll tell you a few secrets. Firstly, find interesting and, for starters, not very difficult topics, and secondly, if you undertake to listen to an audio book or a story in English, take its text and read it first or at least quickly skim it. Thirdly, when reading, it is desirable to have English and Russian versions. Try to read in parallel with listening, but in this case, attention is scattered on visual and auditory perception, this option is best used only at the initial stage. The same applies to films with subtitles, subtitles are generally very distracting from viewing. Fourth, find the lyrics of your favorite songs and learn them, listening to music will bring you benefit and pleasure. To find the lyrics of a song, in any search engine, type the name of the song in English and the word lyrics.
Overcome difficulties and celebrate success
Let's talk about laziness: it pursues us at every step, lies in wait around every corner, and we are weak and weak-willed creatures, always happy to help her and ready to indulge! Laziness can be defeated and overcome, despite fatigue and ... laziness. Yes, we all work, we get tired, but when we come home in the evening, we can still find at least half an hour to learn the language. However, the morning hours, according to experts, are more effective for studying, but here it’s how anyone succeeds. And do not forget about the right mood, enjoy the process and rejoice at the results, then everything will go easier and faster.
Prioritize
Another important note: if you want to learn English really quickly and are willing to sacrifice other things for this, make it your priority, set aside a few hours a day and work to the limit, without forgetting, however, about breaks. Find native speakers, communicate with them in person or online via Skype, Viber or any other messenger. So you will see noticeable changes in 3-4 weeks.
About age
And once again about age: the ideal age for learning a language is 1 month or a little earlier (children listen to their native language even before birth), learning languages, like everything else, becomes more difficult over the years, and yet language, like love , all ages are submissive. And we already know that adults have another important advantage: they know, or at least should know, why they need a language and learn it more meaningfully and purposefully.
To all of the above, we can add a curious fact: people who speak one or more foreign languages, according to statistics, live longer and suffer from senile insanity much less often. The brain, like other parts of the human body, requires constant training to function properly.
Which method to choose?
There are many approaches to learning a language. We will name only the most famous. The oldest is a method of memorizing grammar and vocabulary, out of direct connection with the context. Nowadays, it is used extremely rarely, as it is more intended for reading and writing, for example, when studying Latin, but not for live communication. The direct learning method or (The Direct Method) is learning by immersion in the language environment, a maximum of practice and a minimum of grammar. The method is good for people who have the opportunity to constantly communicate with carriers. The third and perhaps the most popular method today is communicative (Communicative Language Teaching or CLT). It is based not on the science of language with its complex formulations, but on the study of the language itself as a means of communication and thought transmission. CLT has taken the best features of other methods and supplemented them with new approaches. He also does not exclude the study of grammar (without fanaticism), as a means of support in writing and oral speech. And yet the most justified can be considered a selective approach (Eclectic Approach), one that takes into account the age, individual abilities, life experience and native language of the student. And when self-study language, you always have the opportunity to choose exactly those techniques and means that best suit you. And let the information on this page and on our website as a whole serve as a road map for you to choose the right path. The final decision is always yours.
Good luck in your studies and interesting interlocutors in different cities and countries!
Konstantin Mikhailov
Many English learners are intimidated even by the phrase “English grammar”, they consider it an impregnable fortress that they cannot conquer. In this article, we will tell you how to learn English grammar to speak correctly. Use our advice, and you will see: grammar is not as scary as it is painted!
There is an opinion on the Internet that grammar is not necessary to learn. Allegedly, you and I mastered the Russian language even before learning the rules at school, which means that it will turn out the same with English. However, the principle of information perception in adults is somewhat different from the principle of infants. Firstly, we are not immersed in the language environment, but we can only imitate it, at best, for several hours a week. Second, logic is no less stubborn than facts. Psychologists say: if a child takes everything on faith, without understanding why one word comes after another, and not vice versa, then an adult needs to justify everything from the point of view of logic. That is, in order for us to use some phrase in our speech, it is not enough just to memorize it, it will be much more effective to understand it: why it is built this way and not otherwise. This logical explanation is exactly what grammar provides us with.
Our student Ilya Usanov, in the process of learning, realized how important grammar is for effective negotiations. .
6 Fundamental Principles of Learning English Grammar
Before proceeding to practical advice, we will present the most important principles for the study of grammar, which we have formulated over the years of our school.
1. The bicycle has already been invented
The principle from simple to complex works in any field. It is he who should be followed when studying English grammar. The optimal sequence for studying it has long been deduced and set out in grammar books, for example, in the Grammarway textbook.
2. Understanding, not cramming
There is no need to memorize the rules in the form in which they are presented in the textbook, the main thing is to understand and remember how to use this or that construction.
3. Theory without practice is useless
Our main advice is practice, preferably daily. Practice your knowledge to the maximum in classes with an English teacher, do exercises from a textbook and on Internet resources, try to use a variety of grammatical constructions more often in oral speech. Bring the skill of their use to automatism.
4. The salvation of the students is the work of the students themselves
It doesn't matter if you are learning English with a personal teacher, in courses or on your own, in any case, take the time to study on your own. That is, in addition to the lessons, study the language every day for at least 20-30 minutes, this will allow you to quickly and easily master English in general and grammar in particular.
5. Simplicity is not a panacea
There is an opinion that Americans mainly use the three tenses of the Simple group, making life easier for themselves and others. Therefore, some students do not consider it necessary to study and use other tenses. This is the wrong approach to learning English. When communicating with a foreigner, you may be able to convey your idea using only the simplest grammar. However, native speakers are unlikely to try to use only familiar tenses in a conversation. You run the risk of not understanding what you are being told. Why do we need 12 tenses of the English language and how to learn how to use them correctly, you will learn from our video course "".
6. The path to success lies through mistakes.
Get rid of psychological clamps: some people are so afraid of mistakes that they try to get by with elementary sentences, avoid complex structures, etc. This is a fundamentally wrong approach: only in the process of communication will you be able to understand what you have learned well and what you need to work on. Feel free to apply the acquired knowledge in practice: the path to the goal lies through mistakes.
Practical steps to help you learn English grammar
Now let's see what specific tasks you need to complete in order to successfully learn English grammar.
1. Choose a reliable textbook
Use quality grammar books like Essential Grammar in Use or Grammarway. You can work with them both independently and with a teacher. The tutorials contain clear explanations and exercises for practice. To choose the most suitable manual, check out the features of each of them in the article "".
2. Decide which topics to focus on
If you are not learning English from scratch, you probably have a question: what to grab on to in the first place? We recommend using the Study Guide section of any of the Grammar in Use textbooks. This chapter is a grammar test. Go through it and check your answers at the end of the tutorial. Note for yourself which questions caused difficulties: next to them will be indicated units of the textbook related to a particular grammatical topic. Thus you will receive full list topics to be studied. Take it and study the indicated constructions according to the selected grammar textbook.
3. Take grammar tests
It is not enough to work out constructions solely on the exercises from the manual. To learn English grammar faster, take online tests on different sites. Many different tasks can be found on the esl.fis.edu and grammar-monster websites.
4. Read articles and books
Read texts in English, and do it not only to yourself, but also out loud. it good way see "live" the practical use of English grammar. In addition, when reading, visual memory works (and when reading aloud, also auditory), and you will memorize correctly constructed phrases. In the article "" you will find 8 ideas on how to remember useful constructions. And to choose a text that suits your level, check out our article "".
5. Watch special training videos
8. Learn grammar from videos and songs
Auditory and visual memory are your main assistants in learning. Are you listening to an English song or watching a video in English? Pay attention to how native speakers use grammatical constructions. Write out some phrases with articles, prepositions, reread them periodically. Gradually, the correct version of the use of a particular construction will be deposited in your memory. In the article "" you will find 9 sites where you can learn grammar and new words with the lyrics of your favorite songs.
9. Identify common mistakes
Your English teacher will identify your common mistakes and help you correct them. In addition, you can independently study topics in which errors are most often made and get rid of inaccuracies. To do this, read the life hack article "". And also use the tips presented in the article of our teacher "".