Which calcium is best absorbed? Calcium chloride: benefits and harms. Ways to use calcium chloride: for diseases of the kidneys, thyroid gland, during menopause What is the difference between calcium gluconate and calcium chloride
As you know, calcium preparations for allergies can reduce the manifestations of allergic reactions. That is why their use is of particular importance in the treatment of allergies in children, when the skeletal system is not yet fully formed and the body needs to be saturated with calcium. The most commonly used calcium preparations are calcium gluconate and calcium chloride. Calcium absorption is influenced by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. Calcium-binding protein, lysine and L-arginine are also needed for calcium to penetrate into the blood. Calcium gluconate preparations are well absorbed into the blood, able to dissolve even in cold water and can be used in the treatment of allergies. Calcium chloride preparations are able to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, relieve swelling in case of allergies and neutralize skin rashes.
calcium chloride for allergies
Calcium chloride for allergies is able to have a good auxiliary effect, greatly facilitating the manifestations of an allergic reaction. It is used for urticaria, hay fever, with an immune reaction to the introduction of foreign serum proteins, angioedema, as well as with allergic reactions caused by side effect medical preparations. Calcium chloride enhances the secretion of adrenaline into the blood, causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and thereby reducing puffiness and eliminating skin rashes. Calcium chloride for allergies is taken, as a rule, after a meal, 0.5-1 tablespoon of a five- or ten-percent solution two to three times a day. The recommended dose for children is one to two teaspoons. Also, in the treatment of allergies, calcium chloride is slowly dripped into a vein in dilution with an isotonic solution of sodium chloride or glucose. Treatment with calcium chloride for allergies is combined with taking antihistamines, such as loratidine, claritin, suprastin, etc. Contraindications to the appointment of calcium chloride are thrombosis, severe stages of atherosclerosis, as well as a high level of calcium ions in the blood. Calcium chloride is not injected into the muscle and under the skin, as this is fraught with the formation of tissue necrosis. After taking calcium chloride orally, heartburn and pain in the epigastric region may occur, after intravenous injections, a slowdown in the pulse rate, a feeling of heat in the mouth or throughout the body may occur.
Calcium gluconate for allergies
As you know, even a slight lack of calcium in the body can increase the symptoms of an allergic reaction. This is due to the fact that calcium, contained in the body in sufficient quantities, reduces the permeability of blood vessels, as a result of which the penetration of allergens into the bloodstream is difficult. Therefore, at higher doses of calcium, the likelihood of an immune response is reduced. Calcium gluconate in allergies helps to replenish calcium in the body, thereby accelerating the healing process, is used as an adjunct in various allergic reactions, including those caused by the side effect of drugs. Calcium gluconate is taken orally before meals. Adults are prescribed two to six tablets at a dosage of one to three grams two to three times a day. Children aged three to four years - one gram each, from five to six years old 1-1.5 grams each, from seven to nine years old - 1.5-2 grams each, from ten to fourteen years old - 2-3 grams each grams two to three times a day. Elderly people are not recommended to consume more than two grams of calcium gluconate per day. Side effects when taking calcium gluconate can be nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, epigastric pain, decreased heart rate. In renal failure, predisposition to thrombosis or their presence, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and atherosclerosis, calcium gluconate is not used for treatment.
Calcium chloride for allergies
Calcium chloride for allergies (active ingredient Calcium chloride) is used as part of complex therapy in combination with antihistamines to relieve swelling and eliminate skin rashes. This drug belongs to the pharmacological group of micro and macro elements and can be used for dermatitis and allergies of unspecified etiology, for urticaria, hay fever, serum sickness, and an allergic reaction to drugs. Calcium chloride (or calcium chloride) has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, promotes smooth muscle contraction and can be used for such complications of allergic origin as itching, eczema, psoriasis that occur as a side effect when taking medications. Patients who suffer from thrombosis or are prone to it, have a disease such as atherosclerosis or an increased level of calcium in the blood, calcium chloride preparations are contraindicated in the treatment of allergies. In addition, when taking calcium chloride, side effects such as hot flashes, slow heart rate, and ventricular fibrillation may occur. Calcium chloride for allergies complements the effect of antihistamines, which is why they are recommended to be taken in combination. When treating with calcium chloride, it is unacceptable to administer the drug subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The drug is administered intravenously by jet or drip.
A hot injection of calcium chloride is not heated before administration. Its name is dictated by the specifics of the effect of the administered drug on the body. After such an injection, a person has a feeling of warmth spreading throughout the body, which begins with a burning sensation in the oral region. During colds or allergies, hot injections are prescribed. They are administered intravenously and, by expanding the blood vessels, in the first moment create warm sensations throughout the body. There are several types of such drugs that are referred to as "hot" injections. Many of them go to replenish calcium in the body.
This trace element is needed for the normal functioning of the heart, it improves blood clotting, helps with the delivery of signals to the brain, and is involved in the formation of bone tissue. After reviewing its functions, we can conclude that calcium must be used:
- pregnant women and women during lactation, because at this time it is required a large number of this microelement;
- people in whom, for various reasons, calcium is not absorbed by the intestines or in a normal diet, the amount consumed does not reach the norm;
- as an additional drug in complex antishock therapy;
- as one of the means to eliminate allergic reactions and inflammation;
- patients with biliary, renal or intestinal colic;
- to improve blood vessels, reduce their permeability.
If such an injection is injected into a vein of small diameter, then there is a risk of causing a chemical burn of its mucous membranes, and this leads to various complications, in the form of thrombophlebitis and similar diseases. If calcium chloride accidentally gets into the muscle, and not into the vein, then the necrosis formed after that cannot be eliminated without surgical intervention.
Before using this hot injection, the doctor must find out if the patient's body is susceptible to calcium gluconate. The injection is administered slowly; rapid administration is fraught with cardiac arrest.
Calcium gluconate
This drug is used not only to restore the missing mineral, but is also used to treat skin, inflammatory, allergic and vascular diseases. It is similar to calcium chloride, but acts more gently.
Such a tool is introduced into the body in three ways:
- intravenously quickly or with a dropper;
- intracardiac, into the space of one of his ventricles.
Calcium gluconate should not be administered to children, due to the likelihood of tissue necrosis. Intramuscular injections of this drug are excluded.
It is applied:
- in the complex treatment of allergic reactions, even if they occur as a side effect on other medicines;
- to stop bleeding;
- in chronic diseases, such as persistent diarrhea or kidney failure;
- during the course of diseases of the respiratory organs: tuberculosis and bronchial asthma;
- to strengthen the walls of the heart and blood vessels.
After the injection of calcium gluconate, vomiting, nausea and bradycardia may begin.
The following preparation also applies to "hot" injections.
Magnesia
It is done intramuscularly, and sometimes intravenously. The medicine is injected slowly, usually in the buttocks, because this is the place on the body with the greatest accumulation of muscles. Most often, their upper quadrant is used.
Magnesia is used for pregnant women with the threat of miscarriage. Also used:
- to prevent convulsions and relax the walls of blood vessels;
- with hypertension, to reduce high blood pressure;
- to improve blood supply by dilating the arteries.
After the injection, it is necessary to stay in a horizontal position for some time so that the received dose of magnesia does not stagnate. Some people cannot tolerate its effects on their own, they are offered painkillers.
An overdose of the drug can lead to malfunctions of the respiratory and nervous systems. Often there is drowsiness and weakness.
There are many indications for the use of hot injections, but each of them acts differently. Calcium chloride and calcium gluconate at the wrong dosage can provoke premature birth, and magnesium, on the contrary, is prescribed in order to prevent miscarriage. Naturally, such serious injections should be carried out only by specialists, self-treatment by them is prohibited. Any overdose can be detrimental to health.
Is it possible to prescribe hot injections to replenish calcium for children? Doctor Komarovsky answers.
Injections at home - an overview of prices and quality from professionals Formation of consent to vaccination or refusal of it
Physiologically, all processes in the body are carried out thanks to microelements and macroelements. The important ones are sodium, potassium and magnesium.
Calcium gluconate is a salt that is used as an additional source of calcium. This is justified in many disorders because calcium is important for muscle contraction (cardiac and skeletal muscles).
Ca is one of the clotting factors. Calcium salts form the bone and cartilage matrix and are involved in the normal ionic functioning of nerve fibers.
This element performs a plastic function, providing cell adhesion during tissue regeneration and formation.
Hot injections of calcium gluconate - indications for use are as follows.
Allergic diseases
The main pathophysiological reaction in allergy is vasodilation in response to histamine. Histamine, in turn, is released in response to an allergen. When the wall expands, the liquid part of the blood enters the tissues and swelling and itching appear. The drug reduces the permeability of the vessel wall and, therefore, relieves swelling.
A separate property can be considered that Ca activates the sympathetic system, which produces catecholamines - important hormones for stopping an allergic reaction by normalizing mast cell membranes and stopping histamine release. Plus, catecholamines reduce the gap between vascular cells.
Calcium gluconate is prescribed together with hormonal and antihistamines to enhance and consolidate the clinical effect.
Decreased Ca content
A chemical element in an unbound form is not absorbed! This issue was resolved by deriving the associated formula. In such chemical form calcium is well absorbed and distributed to important biochemical reactions.
Insufficiency of the coagulation system
The coagulation system is responsible for stopping hemorrhage when the vascular wall is damaged. This is a complex of cascade reactions (that is, the result of one reaction triggers the next reaction, and so on). As a result, a clot (thrombus) is formed that clogs the damaged lumen of the vessel. In the formation of this thrombus, Ca plays one of the main roles, and injections of calcium gluconate are used to enhance the work of the coagulation system.
Increased throughput of the vascular wall
The drug causes a contraction of the vascular HMC layer, due to which the gap between the cells decreases and the ability to pass allergens and other components decreases.
Inflammatory diseases of the liver and kidneys
Inflammatory changes are accompanied by the same vasodilatation reaction against which the drug is used.
Also, the drug compensates for the lack of calcium in the body, and contributes to the normal functioning of biochemically important processes. And it speeds up recovery.
During pregnancy, the remedy eliminates many of the typical symptoms and serves as an active supplement.
When poisoning with various ions. For example, Mg or acid salts.
Calcium gluconate in ampoules - instructions for use
The release is carried out both in tablet form and in the form of a solution.
The medical solution for injection is poured into 5 ml ampoules. One milliliter contains 0.1 mg of active ingredient.
In the case of parenteral use (in the form of tablets), there may be such side effects like difficulty with bowel movements and abdominal pain.
Injection methods of drug administration have a more pronounced and rapid therapeutic effect. And less pronounced side effects.
Intravenous injections are administered only on an outpatient basis. This is necessary to maintain sterility and proper insertion technique.
First, prepare the required dosage of the drug. The dose for an adult is 5-10 ml per day. They prepare it over a sterile table, looking at the year of manufacture and making sure that the panacea is suitable. The liquid is heated to body temperature, diluted with sodium chloride and drawn into a sterile syringe.
Attention! The container should not contain particles of an alcohol solution, since the medicine, when interacting with it, forms a precipitate unsuitable for use!
Gluconate Ca intravenously is done slowly, 2-3 minutes. During this, fever, discomfort in the mouth, sweating, nausea, and loose stools may occur. But these effects wear off pretty quickly.
Calcium gluconate - instructions for use injections intramuscularly
Intramuscular administration is more available for home use. The drug is also collected over the sterile area with treated gloved hands. Use 1 ampoule, that is, 5 ml of the drug. Enter slowly.
After completion of the injection, they are treated with an alcohol swab and several massage movements are carried out.
Hot injections of calcium gluconate and calcium chloride (chloride) - the difference
The substance can be associated not only with gluconic acid, but also with chlorine. Such a compound is called calcium chloride, and according to its pharmacological properties, it is considered an analogue of calcium gluconate.
Unlike its counterpart, calcium chloride cannot be taken intramuscularly or subcutaneously. It should be diluted intravenously with a large amount of isotonic solution (about 150-200 ml) and administered more slowly. Subcutaneous and intramuscular administration causes tissue necrosis, which is a serious side effect.
In terms of clinical efficacy, calcium chloride has a better anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effect.
Contraindications to the use of the solution in ampoules
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Possible side effects
When using the solution in ampoules intravenously, the following are possible: fever, which, starting from the oral cavity, (spreading throughout the body), dizziness, nausea. Symptoms resolve within 5 minutes on their own.
With intramuscular injection, the appearance of infiltrates, necrosis of muscle tissue at the injection site was noticed.
Compatibility of calcium gluconate with other medications
The use of the drug is unacceptable along with tetracycline antibiotics. In such an active compound, calcium gluconate neutralizes the antibacterial clinical effect.
Do not use in conjunction with thiazide diuretic drugs. This drug group reduces the filtration of calcium by the kidneys and increases the content of calcium in the blood. With the joint use of drugs may be hypercalcemia.
Important! When treating with calcium preparations, it is necessary to exclude foods containing sulfates, salicylates, carbonates from the diet, as precipitation is formed that adversely affects kidney function.
Alcoholic products and calcium gluconate are absolutely incompatible.
The interaction of calcium gluconate and ethyl alcohol leads to the formation of a precipitate. For this reason, the intake of alcohol and at the same time the use of an injection is not recommended.
Plus, ethanol leads to an increased excretion of Ca salts from the body, which overrides the therapeutic efficacy.
Doctors often prescribe various calcium preparations to patients with allergies. What is their role in the treatment of this disease?
It is known that the lack of calcium in the body, even minimal, increases the manifestations of allergies. The mechanism of this process is not yet fully understood, presumably, this is due to the fact that calcium reduces the permeability of the walls of blood vessels, which prevents allergens from entering the blood. It also slightly enhances the effect of the use of antihistamines.
Calcium preparations used for allergies
If you go to any pharmacy, then from the abundance of drugs and dietary supplements containing calcium, it can charge in the eyes, and when you look at the prices of these funds, your eyes may crawl out of their sockets. But try to keep your eyes still and take a closer look at the shelf with calcium-based preparations. And then somewhere in its farthest corner, in a completely inconspicuous place, you will find two drugs that have been known for many decades, worth mere pennies and at the same time, in terms of their effectiveness, they are in no way inferior to expensive products, the advertising of which stuns us at every turn. Of course, we are talking about calcium gluconate and calcium chloride (calcium chloride), familiar to all of us from childhood. Let's talk more about their use for allergies.
Calcium chloride and calcium gluconate are very similar in their pharmacological properties and therapeutic effect. If we talk about their differences, then calcium chloride is considered a more potent agent, while having more pronounced side effects, in particular, a stronger irritant effect. The methods of their application also differ: calcium chloride is most often used intravenously, somewhat less often its solution is taken orally. Calcium gluconate is most often used in the form of tablets, which are naturally taken orally, that is, through the mouth, less often its solution is administered intramuscularly or intravenously.
calcium chloride for allergies
Calcium chloride for allergies, as already mentioned, is more often used intravenously, with fairly severe allergic reactions, and, as a rule, in combination with antihistamines. In no case should it be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, such use of it can lead to tissue necrosis. The dosage, duration of the course of treatment and the method of administration (drip or jet) are determined only by the doctor.
Inside, a 5% or 10% solution of calcium chloride is taken after meals, the dose should not exceed 15 ml for adults and 5-10 ml (depending on age) for children.
The use of calcium chloride is contraindicated in atherosclerosis, a tendency to thrombosis, elevated level calcium in the blood and in some other cases.
Calcium gluconate for allergies
Calcium gluconate in the treatment of allergies is most often used in tablets. It is usually prescribed for children 1 tablet, adults 1-3 tablets 2-3 times a day. Of course, the dosage in each case should be selected by the doctor. Take it before meals or 1-1.5 hours after meals.
Much less often, calcium gluconate is prescribed intravenously or (only for adults) intramuscularly.
Other calcium preparations
Pharmacies now offer a huge amount of funds designed to compensate for calcium deficiency in the body. Eggshell calcium, coral calcium, combined products that include, in addition to calcium, a dozen more components ... Commercials diligently convince us that this particular drug contains calcium in the most useful form and in the best assimilated form, which it is he who is the most natural and useful ... Do you believe these promises?
Let's start with the fact that the vast majority of these widely advertised products are not drugs, but biologically active food supplements (BAA). And this means that they most likely did not pass full-fledged clinical trials (which are mandatory for drugs, but not for dietary supplements), which means that their effectiveness and safety have not been thoroughly tested. In addition, the requirements for the production of dietary supplements and control over it are much weaker than in the production of medicines.
No more than a publicity stunt are the stories that calcium from these products is absorbed by our body better than from the same calcium gluconate. Without going into the intricacies of the biochemical processes that ensure the absorption of calcium in our intestines, let's just say that there is some truth in these statements only if we are talking about a combined preparation that includes vitamin D. However, most people get quite a sufficient amount of this vitamin with food (its main sources are fatty fish, fatty dairy products, egg yolk), and those who are deficient in it may well buy vitamin D at a pharmacy at a very reasonable price, much less expensive than the prices for all kinds of dietary supplements .
So, in the vast majority of cases, to compensate for calcium deficiency in the body, including with allergies, the well-known calcium gluconate tablets will be the best option. Its effectiveness is no lower than the expensive advertised dietary supplements, and the price of a package of 10 tablets is only a few rubles.
Content
Calcium Gluconate, a widely used drug in medicine, is considered important in violation of calcium metabolism. To make up for the deficiency of the substance, use the medical form of release in the form of tablets or ampoules. It is useful to know how and when to use the drug in order to cope with various diseases without harm to the body.
Calcium gluconate - what is it
Before using the medication, it is useful to familiarize yourself with what calcium gluconate is. How Chemical substance it is a white crystalline or granular powder, tasteless and odorless, with the chemical formula salt of gluconic acid. His pharmachologic effect comes down to replenish calcium deficiency. Also, the properties of the drug include anti-allergic, detoxifying and hemostatic effects. The drug is used for anti-inflammatory purposes, to increase permeability and reduce vascular fragility.
As part of 9% is calcium, which affects the corresponding metabolism in the body. Ions of the substance are needed for the transmission of impulses between nerve cells, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles and myocardium. They are involved in the process of blood coagulation, formation and preservation of bone tissue. The drug compensates for the deficiency of ions, its action is milder and non-irritating than chloride.
Calcium tablets
The first form of release is calcium gluconate tablets, which are white flat-cylindrical in color and shape. 1 tablet contains 500 mg of the active substance, auxiliary in it is starch, talc and calcium stearate. Available in packs of 10 and 20 pieces, differ in price. They are prescribed for children, they have no taste, they are easily swallowed.
In ampoules
Injection solution of Calcium Gluconate is intended for intravenous or intramuscular administration. Outwardly, it is a colorless transparent liquid in 5 or 10 ml ampoules. It is used to normalize the work of the human body, restore the function of calcium metabolism. The drug affects the heart, the transmission of nerve impulses. Recommended for use by adults.
Injections of calcium gluconate
The drug can be administered by intravenous or intramuscular injections. In the first case, the procedure is carried out in a therapy room, the second option is suitable for home conditions. The indications for injections are a violation of the transmission of nerve impulses, the work of the myocardium and contraction of the heart muscles. Relieve injections from colds, allergies, internal bleeding.
Intravenously
For certain pathologies thyroid gland prescribe calcium gluconate intravenously. Indication for use is allergy, nephritis, liver intoxication. Injections into a vein are prescribed for vascular permeability, hepatitis, myoplegia and serve as a hemostatic agent. The doctor prescribes intravenous injections for poisoning, psoriasis, itching and eczema.
Relieves gluconate from skin diseases, boils, chronic colds and diabetes. Rheumatism and recovery after surgery or long-term illness require the introduction of 10 ml of the drug into a vein, after which the blood is taken and given a subcutaneous injection or injection into gluteal muscle. Children are shown only intravenous administration, because intramuscular injection can cause the formation of tissue necrosis.
Intramuscular
If pills are not available, then calcium gluconate is administered intramuscularly. For the procedure, the gluteal muscle is used as the softest, there is the least pain after the injection. The advantages of intramuscular administration include painlessness, the absence of bumps and bruises, rapid action and penetration into the blood. Contraindications are kidney failure, failure of the heart and lungs, excess calcium in the body.
Calcium gluconate - indications for use
Common factors for which Calcium Gluconate can be used are the following diseases and dysfunctions:
- hypocalcemia;
- increased permeability of cell membranes;
- disturbances in the work of nerve impulses of muscle tissue;
- hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, tetany;
- disorders of vitamin D metabolism - rickets;
- increased need for calcium - in pregnant women, during lactation, during postmenopause, for adolescents in the phase of active growth;
- calcium deficiency in the diet;
- bone fractures, chronic diarrhea, prolonged bed rest or treatment with diuretics, anti-epileptic drugs;
- teething;
- colds, runny nose, bronchitis;
- poisoning with oxalic acid, magnesium salts, salts of fluoric acid - during chemical activity.
As an addition to complex therapy, tablets and injections are used:
- with allergies and itchy dermatosis, atopic dermatitis;
- for the treatment of febrile syndrome, urticaria, serum sickness;
- to stop bleeding, including in gynecology;
- to alleviate dystrophy, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, nephritis;
- when removing toxins from the liver.
For allergies
Doctors have proven that calcium gluconate from allergies can help if the cause of the reaction is a lack of ions of the substance. The drug is prescribed for adults and children, combined with taking antihistamines. Tablets are taken before meals, washed down with water. The dose is prescribed individually, the course is from 1 to 2 weeks. AT severe cases indicated by intravenous injection.
With a cold
Dr. Komarovsky claims that calcium gluconate is necessary for children with a cold, because due to a deficiency of calcium ions, the child catches a cold. To increase the body's resistance, he is given pills or intravenous injections are prescribed. In addition to getting rid of a cold, indications for taking a substance by a child are rickets, thyroid diseases, allergies and skin diseases. According to reviews, it is useful to take the medicine during active growth.
Calcium gluconate - instructions for use
Like any medicinal product, instructions for use Calcium gluconate contains a lot of useful information. According to the annotation, the drug is rapidly absorbed by the intestines, penetrating into the blood and taking ionized and bound state. Ionized calcium remains the most physiologically active, it enters the bone tissue. It is excreted from the body with urine and feces.
You should carefully monitor the implementation of the dose prescribed by the doctor so that an overdose does not occur. It leads to hypercalcemia, for which calcitonin is the antidote. According to the instructions, the drug is not compatible with carbonates, salicylates and sulfates. Particular care should be taken in patients with hypercalciuria, reduced filtration work in the glomeruli. To prevent nephrourolithiasis, drinking plenty of water is recommended along with the intake.
How to drink in tablets
After prescribing the remedy, the question naturally arises of how to take Calcium Gluconate. Inexpensive tablets are taken before meals or 60-90 minutes after it, washed down with milk and chewed. Adults are prescribed up to 9 g per day, divided into 3 doses. Up to a year, the baby takes 0.5 g, up to 4 years - 1 g, then every 2 years the dose is increased by 0.5 g. Reception by children is carried out 2-3 times a day. During pregnancy and breastfeeding women take no more than 9 g per day. Treatment lasts 10-30 days. Permissible daily dosage for elderly patients - 2 g.
How to inject
Injections of the drug are called hot injections, but not because they, like chloride, give a feeling of warmth or burning, but because of the introduction of a heated solution to body temperature. Over 14 years old, it is permissible to use 5-10 ml per day, administered at a time. The patient's condition affects the frequency of injections - every day, 2 days or every other day. Up to 14 years of age, you can enter a 10% solution up to 5 ml.
The drug is injected slowly - up to 3 minutes, sometimes the drip method is used. For intravenous injection, a clean syringe is used, cleaned of ethyl alcohol residues. Children are allowed to inject the drug only into a vein, because intramuscular use will lead to tissue necrosis, which, according to reviews, will take a long time to heal and leave discomfort on the body.
Side effects
Doctors note the following side effects of the drug:
- irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, constipation when used internally;
- when administered intramuscularly or intravenously, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea are possible;
- bradycardia, burning of the mouth, fever;
- quick injections cause a decrease in pressure, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest or fainting;
- intramuscular injection can cause tissue necrosis;
- an overdose is dangerous with an excess of ions.
Contraindications
There are the following contraindications of Calcium Gluconate, which become a source of impossible use of the remedy:
- hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypersensitivity;
- nephrourolithiasis, sarcoidosis;
- to avoid the risk of arrhythmia, you can not combine the drug with cardiac glycosides;
- according to reviews, it can be used with caution for dehydration, diarrhea, atherosclerosis, electrolyte disturbances;
- You can not combine the drug with alcohol.