Subtleties of heating calculations in an apartment building. Calculation of the amount of payment for heating in an apartment building Calculation of payment for heating according to a common building meter
The page deals with such an issue as paying for heating in apartment building: calculation of the cost if there is an individual meter in the apartment, how much it costs per square meter, and also how to reduce the heating fee.
Since January 2017, apartment owners who have just started dealing with receipts for heating payments have again been forced to study their contents and know how payment for heating an apartment is calculated.
As wise human experience says, there are invariable phenomena in the world, for example, the change of seasons and the annual increase in housing and communal services tariffs.
Heating bills in an apartment building are no exception.
Problems in the system of payment for heating
Until now, in the housing code there are laws that contradict each other.
The main problems with this are:
- The calculation of payment for heating in an apartment building is complicated, since the percentage of installation of common house meters in the country is extremely low.
- For houses with vertical wiring, there are no individual appliances that could be installed on batteries in each apartment.
- Complicated calculations between the difference that is formed in the readings of heat meters and its calculators, which indicate the actual consumption in kWh.
As a rule, common house devices indicate how much heat, water or electricity a particular house has spent, while individual devices indicate the consumption of all utilities by its residents. It should be borne in mind that IPUs are of different types.
Types of individual heat meters
Ordinary meters cut into the heating system and are equipped with two sensors that record how much heat has been used per kWh. They are effective for horizontal wiring and the allowable rate of heat meters in an apartment building is from 1 or more.
Heat calculators determine how much of it was allocated, taking into account the heating of the radiator and air by two temperature sensors.
Heat distributors, in turn, calculate the heat transfer from the heating batteries. By law, when installing distributors, there must be at least 50% of them per apartment building.
These metering devices give readings exclusively inside heated residential premises, and they are used to pay for heating in the apartment according to meters. At the same time, there are many common areas in an apartment building, which also waste heat and other types of utilities, and someone has to take them into account and pay.
Common property of apartment buildings
In high-rise buildings there are many places that can be attributed to common houses:
- stairwells;
- vestibules;
- hall;
- place for concierge or security;
- corridors;
- space for wheelchairs;
- technical floor or attic and others.
How is heating paid in an apartment building? All this space is either heated from the risers or receives heat from the walls of the apartments, so it is important that the building has a common house meter. Its indicators are distributed in equal parts among all apartments.
In the event that there are no appliances, then heating accounting in an apartment building is calculated according to the average per 1 m2 for all residents. In order to correctly calculate, several indicators must be taken into account.
Read below how the payment for heating in the apartment is calculated.
Calculation of payment without counters
How is the payment for heating in the apartment calculated?
The existing formulas for calculating the cost of heating in an apartment, while taking into account 3 factors, if payment is made without metering devices:
- Separately, it is calculated how much it took for each m2 of residential premises. For this, tariffs are used, expressed in Gcal/m2 (N), established in the region.
- Really heated living space(S) excluding cold places, such as balconies and loggias.
- The cost of the service (T) accepted by local authorities in accordance with the number of rubles per 1 Gcal.
How is the cost of heating in an apartment without meters calculated?
Calculation of payment for heating in the apartment is made according to the formula:
Due to which tenants will see 2 columns in the receipts. One will indicate how much heating costs in an apartment, and the second - common premises. If last year the tariff for heating an apartment corresponded to 1.4, then in 2017 it was 1.6.
Unfortunately, based on Decree 1498 of December 26, 2016, from January 2017, increasing coefficients are added to the new tariff.
This applies to houses in which a special commission has determined that they are suitable for the installation of common house and individual meters.
If, after their decision, the devices were not installed, then the multiplying factor comes into force, according to which the tenants will receive a payment for heating in the apartment by 50% more than according to the tariffs.
Therefore, the calculation of the payment for heating an apartment without IPU and common house meters is carried out taking into account this coefficient. How much does a square meter of heating cost in apartments? For example, in houses in St. Petersburg built in 1980-99, where meters can be installed, but they are not, the cost of 1 Gcal per m2 will be approximately 0.033, while in 2015 it was 0.020. If the result obtained is multiplied by a new coefficient, it turns out that heating has risen in price by 2.4 times.
The new calculation of Gcal for heating in apartment buildings without common house and individual meters applies only to those buildings where a special commission decided that their installation is possible. If there was no such decision or the house cannot be equipped with metering devices, then only the new indicator 1.6 is taken into account.
How payment for heating an apartment in 2017 is calculated in the presence of IPU, read below.
Payment for heating in an apartment building in 2017 with an IPU
In order for payment for individual heating in an apartment building to be carried out by meters, 2 conditions must be met:
- Metering devices must be installed in all apartments of the house.
- At the entrance to the building there should be a common house meter.
How do you calculate heating for an apartment?
Thanks to the meter indicators, payment for heating in an apartment building (2017) is calculated using the formula:
P \u003d (Q IPU + Q ODN x S / S at home) x T.
- Q IPU are indicators of individual counters;
- Q ODN - the amount of heat in the whole house, except for residential premises;
- S/S houses - the area of the apartment and the building;
- T is the tariff accepted in the region.
Heat saving
How to reduce the payment for heating in the apartment? The question of how to pay less for heating an apartment is asked by many of their owners. According to statistics, already in 2016, more than 10% of residents were unable to pay the cost of heating in an apartment building in the winter, and for the majority, prohibitive tariffs became a “black hole” in the family budget.
In 2017, these figures may increase significantly.
How to reduce the payment for heating in the apartment? First thing, it is worth investing in the installation of meters, both common and individual.
If payment is made Management Company, then the cost of heating an apartment includes all its expenses in case of heat loss, that is, the tenants owe her money even before the heat has come to their housing.
As practice shows, if there are metering devices, the cost of heating, for example, a 3-room apartment, is cheaper for the owners than for those who have a “kopeck piece” without them.
It is worth checking the thermal insulation of the apartment, since if it is violated, the installation of meters will not give visible savings. Especially carefully it is worth examining windows and doors through which the cold most often penetrates into the premises. If it is not possible to replace them, then it is enough to close up the cracks so that the apartment gets warmer.
If the heating system allows, then you can install thermostats on batteries and monitor the amount of heat, reducing it, for example, on warm days or when no one is in the apartment during the day.
When finances allow, you can refuse centralized heating by equipping an autonomous system. The choice of alternative heat sources in the modern energy market is great. It is enough to apply for a refusal and indicate what will be used for heating the home. If the chosen method does not contradict SNiP, then you can proceed with the re-equipment of the apartment.
As a rule, the use of even the simplest of the listed methods can significantly reduce the cost of heating a home.
Thus, we can conclude that from January 2017, in houses that are subject to the installation of heat meters, it is better to have them, otherwise residents will have to overpay 50% more than at the indicated tariffs. Where there are meters, the calculation is carried out according to a simple formula that takes into account their performance, and by taking steps to reduce heat loss, you can save money.
The cost of housing heating is one of the most significant components of the bills that we pay for housing and communal services. It is not surprising, therefore, that among the frequent questions that arise among consumers of public utilities, an important place is occupied by the procedure for charging fees for supplying heat to our homes. We decided to raise this topic again due to the loss of force of the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307, and the adoption of a new document of June 29, 2016 No. 603 “On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues of providing public services. Starting from July 1, 2016, the procedure for calculating the payment for heating has been changed, so on the pages of the MG we will analyze where the specific figures in the “heating” column will come from in 2017.
For today, calculations for thermal energy can be done in one of two ways:
- only during the heating period
- evenly throughout the calendar year
A specific method is chosen by the Moscow Government no more than once a year by October 1 of the current year and is implemented decision only in the next year: from July 1, when switching to equal payment throughout the year, or from the first day of the heating season, when switching to payment, respectively, during the heating period.
For 2017, the City Government has maintained a uniform method of paying for heating in Moscow, excluding the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky districts. However, the same settlement procedure applies to TiNAO.
In 2017, residents of houses that are still not equipped with a common house heat energy meter will pay 1.5 times more than residents of those houses where such a meter is installed.
Let's consider four typical cases, according to which payment for heat supply to our houses is charged.
Case 1 The house is not equipped with a common house metering device (OPU), while there is no technical possibility of its installation. This mainly concerns the old housing stock. Here the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:
Case 2. The house is not equipped with a control room, but at the same time it is technically possible to install it (housing stock, where, for various reasons, a common house heat energy meter has not yet been installed). In this case, the calculation is carried out as follows:
As can be seen from the above formula, residents of houses that are still not equipped with a common house heat energy meter will pay 1.5 times more in 2017 than houses where such a meter is installed. In accordance with Federal Law No. 261-FZ "On Energy Supply and Energy Efficiency Improvement", common meters must be installed in all apartment buildings by July 1, 2012, then this period was extended, however, today even in Moscow all houses are equipped with them. A special multiplier should encourage homeowners to take steps to have such meters in their homes. However, for example, in the settlement of Sosenskoye, the PMU are placed in the old housing stock as part of a long-term target program at the expense of the local budget.
Case 3 The house has an operating control room, but not all rooms are equipped with individual heat meters (ITU). This case includes the vast majority of houses built after the enactment of the law "On Energy Saving", when the installation of common house meters became the responsibility of developers. In this example, the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:
Once a year, the payment for heating is adjusted based on actual consumption, according to the formula:
In this case, the management company during the year evenly accrues payment according to the standard or average actual consumption for last year, and after a year, it recalculates based on the readings of the common house meter. At the same time, the recalculation can be either up or down, depending on how cold and long the heating season was, as well as on the economy of heat consumption by the owners, including in common areas.
Case 4 The house is equipped with an operating control room and all the premises of the house are also equipped with an operating control room. This case mainly applies to new buildings with a horizontal distribution of the heating system, which allows you to install a heat meter separately for each apartment. The calculation will be carried out according to the following formula:
Heating payment adjustment based on actual consumption (once a year):
Separately, it should be noted that in order to apply the calculation scheme No. 4, all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building must be equipped with meters. At the same time, all meters must be in good condition, undergo verification within the established time limits (1 time in 4 years), and must also be put into operation with the involvement of a management company. This situation makes it virtually impossible to pay for individual heat meters, since one non-working or non-verified device is enough for the calculation to be made according to scheme No. 3.
The government has decided to maintain a uniform payment for heat consumption in apartment buildings for 2017.
So, we have considered 4 typical cases of payment for thermal energy that owners of multi-apartment residential buildings face (multi-apartment buildings stand apart, where the common property includes their own boiler house and where the owners pay not for thermal energy, but, as a rule, for gas, which used to heat water). As you can see, according to the amendments to federal legislation, now the Moscow Government determines how Muscovites will pay for heating: evenly throughout the year or only during the heating period. So far, the decision has been made to keep the payment evenly over 12 months. It can be assumed that this is due to the desire to evenly distribute the burden on family budgets (primarily low-income citizens). If, say, the annual payment for heating is 12,000 rubles and this amount is distributed evenly throughout the year, then the monthly burden on the budget will be 1,000 rubles. If payment is made only during the heating period, which in our region is 5-6 months, then heating costs during this period increase by 2 times, although they disappear completely in the rest of the year.
Regulations:
1. In accordance with paragraph 42.1 of the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings).
2. Clause 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 “On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government Russian Federation on the provision of public services.
3. Decree of the Government of Moscow of September 29, 2016 N 629-PP “On maintaining a uniform procedure for making payments for utility services for heating in the city of Moscow and amending the Decree of the Government of Moscow of January 11, 1994 N 41”.
4. Clause 3 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 "On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the Provision of Public Services".
5. Clause 2(1), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).
6. Clause 2(2), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).
7. Clause 3(2), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).
8. Clause 3(3), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).
Incoming payment receipts for heat supply services often baffle with their large amounts payable. In practice, it is very difficult to check the relevance of these figures, since each management company develops individual tariffs for the population. In this case, you need to know how payment for heating is carried out: the procedure for accrual and calculation.
Legislative basis for heating calculation
First of all, it is necessary to find out on what grounds the calculations for heat supply are performed. To do this, you should study the law on payment of heating. Its latest edition is No. 354 of 05/06/2011. In its paragraphs, the procedure for calculating payment is described in detail.
Compared to the old version, the procedure for calculating amounts for the services provided, as well as the forms for concluding an agreement and receipts, have undergone a change. The consumer, before calculating the surcharge for heating, needs to find out the type of arrangement of his residential building:
- A common house metering device for consumed thermal energy has been installed, but there are none in the apartments;
- Along with the common house meter, an individual energy meter is installed in the apartment;
- There are no devices for monitoring the amount of consumed heat energy in the house.
Only then can you find out how the payment for heating is calculated. In addition, according to Decree No. 354, payment for consumed heat energy is divided into two types - for a specific dwelling and as general house needs. The latter include heating stairwells, basements and attics of buildings. Therefore, before calculating the payment for heating, you should ask the management company for the total area of these premises, as well as the tariff for maintaining the desired temperature level in them.
The same information should be displayed in the received receipts - there will be 2 points for payment, which will give the final amount. Usually, the norms for payment for heating non-residential premises are higher than those for residential ones. But when dividing the total amount for all apartments in the house, their bleed in the receipt decreases.
Since payment for heating residential and non-residential premises is considered, it is necessary that this information be written in the contract with the management company.
District heating - calculation options
Currently, there are no uniform tariffs according to which utility bills for heating would be paid. Instead, there are recommendations and rules for the formation of the cost of services by management companies responsible for the heat supply of residential buildings. The calculation method directly depends on the heat meters installed in the house or apartment.
In addition, the size of the amount is affected by the climatic features of the region, the degree of wear and tear of equipment, as well as the thermal insulation of the house. These factors are taken into account when maintaining the desired temperature level in residential and non-residential premises building.
Those. the lower the efficiency of the system, the higher the payment for heating all year round. Consider the main options for calculating the cost of heat supply services according to the latest methods regulated at the legislative level.
In some cases, several heating risers can pass through one apartment. Installing a meter for each of them is a costly undertaking. Then it is best to install a common house heat meter.
Calculation of heating with a common house meter
If a heat energy meter is installed in the house, the management company is obliged to perform calculations according to a certain formula. In this case, the procedure for calculating payment for heating should consist of several points.
First of all, it is necessary to agree on the total area of the building and the specific apartment for which the calculation is performed. Then the following actions are performed:
- Reconciliation of readings of a common house meter at the beginning and end of the payment period. The difference will be the total energy consumption of the house. Thus, it is possible to correctly calculate the payment for heating an apartment or non-residential premises;
- Calculate the ratio of the total area of the apartment to the same indicator for the house;
- Find out the tariff for payment of thermal energy from the management company.
Further calculation of payment for heating is carried out according to the following formula:
P=V*(Tk/Td)*K
Where R- planned amount to be paid, V- the amount of heat energy consumed during the period, Tk and Td- the area of the apartment and the house, To- apartment heating tariff.
As an example, you can calculate the payment for heating for an apartment with a total area of 43 m², located in a house with 7000 m². The total heat consumption was 85 Gcal. For Voronezh, the average tariff is 1371 R/Gcal. Then, according to the norms of payment for heating, the total amount will be:
P \u003d 85 * (43/7000) * 1371 \u003d 715 rubles.
But besides this, a system of norms for payment for heating was introduced. It is used in the absence of individual heat meters. The average norm W for residential premises is currently from 0.022 to 0.03 Gcal/m² per month. Then the calculation to calculate the payment for heating is necessary according to the following formula:
P \u003d Tk * W * K
Let's assume W=0.027. In this case, the payment will be:
P \u003d 43 * 0.027 * 1371 \u003d 1591 rubles.
It is by this formula that all management companies prefer to make calculations.
When drawing up a contract for heat supply, it is necessary to check the calculation method. In practice, management companies do not always provide it.
Calculation of heating with a common house meter and individual metering devices
The situation is much simpler when the apartment has a heat meter. In this case, you just need to multiply the meter reading by the tariff of the management company.
Considering that different interpretations of the law on payment for heating are possible, special attention should be paid to tariffs. The difference in prices between different providers of this service can be as high as 30%. And even if heating is paid for by an individual meter, a high tariff can nullify all attempts to save on current costs.
But in practice, the consumer does not have the opportunity to choose a management company. In particular this applies apartment buildings. Therefore, when a verification calculation of payment for heating is made according to an individual heat meter, current tariffs have to be applied.
However, in addition to the cost of the service for energy consumption in residential premises, it is necessary to take into account the costs of general house heating. First, the amount of thermal energy spent on this type of heat supply is calculated. To do this, you need to use the formula:
V=N*S*(Tk/Td)
Where V– the share of the owner of the apartment to pay for common house heating, N– consumption standards for payment for general house heating, S- the total area of the premises belonging to this category, Tk and Td- the area of the apartment and the house.
At present, the N indicator is 0.016 Gcal/m². For an example of calculating payment for general house heating, it can be assumed that the area of non-residential premises in the house is 500 m². Then the owner of the apartment must pay the following heat consumption for their heating:
V=0.06*500(43/7000)=0.18 Gcal
Then you need to multiply the result by the tariff from the service provider. In most cases, in the general calculation of payment for heating, this part takes from 5% to 15%.
How to reduce current heating costs
Given the ever-increasing tariffs for housing and communal services for heat supply, the issue of reducing these costs becomes only more relevant every year. The problem of reducing costs lies in the specifics of the operation of a centralized system.
How to reduce the payment for heating and at the same time ensure the proper level of heating of the premises? First of all, you need to learn that conventional heating systems do not work for central heating. effective ways reduction of heat losses. Those. if the facade of the house was insulated, the window structures were replaced with new ones - the amount of payment will remain the same.
The only way to reduce heating costs is to install individual heat meters. However, you may encounter the following problems:
- A large number of thermal risers in the apartment. Currently, the average cost of installing a heating meter ranges from 18 to 25 thousand rubles. In order to calculate the cost of heating for an individual device, they must be installed on each riser;
- Difficulty in obtaining permission to install a meter. To do this, it is necessary to obtain technical conditions and, on their basis, select the optimal model of the device;
- In order to make timely payment for heat supply according to an individual meter, it is necessary to periodically send them for verification. To do this, dismantling and subsequent installation of the device that has passed verification is performed. This also entails additional costs.
But despite these factors, the installation of a heat meter will ultimately lead to a significant reduction in payment for heat supply services. If the house has a scheme with several heat risers passing through each apartment, you can install a common house meter. In this case, the cost reduction will not be so significant.
When calculating payment for heating according to a common house meter, it is not the amount of heat received that is taken into account, but the difference between it and in the return pipe of the system. This is the most acceptable and open way to form the final cost of the service. In addition, by choosing the optimal model of the device, you can further improve heating system houses according to the following indicators:
- The ability to control the amount of heat energy consumed in the building depending on external factors - the temperature outside;
- A transparent way to calculate payment for heating. However, in this case, the total amount is distributed among all apartments in the house depending on their area, and not on the amount of thermal energy that came to each room.
In addition, only representatives of the management company can deal with the maintenance and configuration of the common house meter. However, residents have the right to demand all the necessary reporting for reconciliation of completed and accrued utility bills for heat supply.
In addition to installing a heat meter, it is necessary to install a modern mixing unit to control the degree of heating of the coolant included in the heating system of the house.
Questions about paying for heating services
In addition to the lack of transparency in the procedure for calculating payment for heating, there are still a number of problems associated with district heating. In most cases, they consist in the quality of the services provided, the legitimacy of charging year-round fees, as well as the methods for calculating payment for electric heating.
Alas, in the law on payment for central heating services, most of it is given to calculations and possible compensation for poor-quality services. It is extremely difficult to get the latter due to paperwork. Consider the main problems of district heating and how to solve them.
Year-round or seasonal payment for heating services
Over the past five to seven years, there has been new form charging the cost of services for district heating. Paying for heating in the summer has become a common practice. But how convenient is it for the consumer and legal in terms of legislation?
The problem is that the average consumer cannot choose whether to pay for heat supply all year round or only during the heating season. The decision on this is made only between the management company and the heat supply organization. In rare cases, it is possible to change the payment schedule in agreement with the HOA or housing cooperative.
What are the features of payment for heating in the summer?
- Inability to control the relevance of the fee charged. For its formation, the management company uses a lot of intricate and complex methods;
- Uniform financial burden on the consumer. The cost of heat supply services in summer and winter is always the same. Those. expenses in February will be the same as in August;
- The possibility of making a decision on seasonal payment for heat supply in the presence of heating meters.
It is because of the last point that residents of apartment buildings prefer to install a common heat meter.
Summing up the total cost of seasonal and year-round payment, you can see that the smaller amount will be in the first case.
Payment for gas and electric heating
If possible, many apartment owners try to disconnect from the central heating supply. Alternatively, autonomous systems are made with gas or electric boilers.
In practice, one can face many problems when organizing such heat supply systems. The main one is not to pay for electric heating, but to obtain permission for its arrangement. And even after the legal installation of the equipment, the following difficulties may arise:
- Payment for gas heating will be charged on a general basis. Before this, it is mandatory to install a gas meter for consumed gas;
- Additionally, you will need to pay for heating associated with the common premises. The procedure for its calculation was described above;
- The boiler cannot be connected to central system heating, having previously disconnected from it. This will open the common house circuit.
There is a possibility of savings in the organization of electric heating. It consists in providing a preferential tariff by the electricity supplier. But it can only be applied if the house does not have a gas main. If it is available, the cost of electricity supply services will be calculated on a general basis.
How else can you save money on central heating bills? One possibility is to provide incentives or subsidies. However, these have been extremely difficult to obtain lately. To do this, you will need to collect a lot of documents, and confirm your requirements to reduce utility bills, including heat supply.
Tariffs and Regulations
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 603 dated June 29, 2016 offered various options for paying for heating. The population has already been informed about some of the nuances. Some remain incomprehensible.
So, let us recall that from July 1, 2016, the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens, according to which Russians lived in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No.
The ordinance was issued on May 23, 2006 and declared payments during the calendar year. There were quite a lot of indignations about the fact that you have to pay for heat in the summer, as well as in the first month of autumn and the last month of spring, when the service is not provided. As a result, on May 6, 2011, the sixth paragraph of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 canceled the 307th legislative act. The cancellation was scheduled for the current year - 2016. Moreover, almost every year this Resolution was amended. The last time this happened was in December 2015.
Shortly before this, the regions were given the right to decide for themselves how to collect payments - throughout the year or only during the heating period. New law proclaims the following order: the service is first provided, then paid. But, again, options are allowed. And it is even possible to return to the old system - at the numerous requests of the population and by decision of the regional authorities. Such requests, by the way, have already appeared. Not everyone was satisfied with the transition to pay-as-you-go. After all, at new system there is a big difference in payments.
The amount of payment depends on the air temperature outside. In the cold months, payments naturally rose sharply and no one liked it. In some regions, calls have already begun to pay, for example, as before, in equal payments, and then the resource supply organization will recalculate. The legislator, in principle, also allows such a system of payments. True, it no longer allows you to be self-willed and appoint different quantity months for distribution of such payments. Now they should not be divided into seven, for example, months, but into twelve. And, of course, this applies primarily to apartment buildings, in which heat meters have not yet appeared.
Note that the legislator does not oblige to install meters in dilapidated, emergency facilities subject to demolition or overhaul in the coming years, as well as in apartment buildings where thermal load less than 0.2 gigacalories. Saved from this obligation and MKD, where it is technically impossible to install a meter. Everyone else will pay a higher rate. According to the law, the cost of heat from the “regulators”, who could, but did not want to install a heat meter, should increase quite significantly. In fact, in many regions, this urgent recommendation has not yet been rushed to take into account, taking into account the already difficult situation of the population.
Decree No. 354 contains separate items on the amount of payment for heating, it is said about the need to adjust the calculations. The formulas for calculating the multiplying coefficient to certain categories owners. The change of the executor of the utility service for heating is also taken into account. And the failure of the common house heat energy meter. If this happened: it broke, the service life ended, it was stolen, then in two months the fee will be charged according to the standard.
The decision on the method of payment for utility services is made by the subject of the Russian Federation a year before the start of the heating season, during which it will be necessary to switch to the chosen method. When changing the payment method for a heating utility service, the contractor adjusts the amount of payment for the heating utility service in the 1st quarter of the calendar year following the year in which the payment method is changed.
We emphasize that homeowners cannot choose the method of payment for heating at the meeting. This is not allowed by the housing laws.
Rules No. 354 establish a ban on presenting utility services to consumers for payment of the cost of an excess volume of a utility service provided for general house needs in the billing period in which such an excess volume was formed. Reimbursement of shortfalls in income to utility service providers is carried out at the expense of funds received by them as payment for the relevant services rendered.
Determining the cost of heating and calculating the amount of payment for a room in which there are two or more apartments is a rather complicated process and requires special knowledge. There have also been changes in the settlement procedure that began to operate in 2017.
The main document that guides organizations that charge and calculate the amount of payment for heating is Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 “On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”. In accordance with this document, there are 2 ways for consumers to pay for heating services:
- Equal amounts throughout the calendar year (Further - Method No. 1);
- Accrual for actual heat consumption only in the heating period. And in the summer and outside the heating period - the service is not charged (Further Method No. 2).
The choice of payment method is made by the local Administration of the city or district.
In the event that Method No. 2 is chosen in the municipality, consumers must be recalculated at the beginning next year after the year in which the accrual option was changed.
How is the amount of payment for heating calculated in the absence of a common house heat energy meter?
Installation of a heat meter on the inlet heat pipeline in residential buildings is mandatory.
Only for houses that belong to a dilapidated / emergency fund, as well as houses whose heat supply load does not exceed 0.2 Gcal / h, an exception can be made. This requirement establishes the federal law No. 261-FZ dated November 23, 2009 “On Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”.
In multi-apartment residential buildings where a general house heat meter is not installed (it is technically impossible to install it), as well as in apartments, rooms or non-residential premises individual heat meters are not installed, the calculation of the amount of payment for heating for a particular room using Method No. 1 (calculations for heat are carried out evenly in during the year) is carried out in the following order:
The fee is determined based on heating regulations per 1 m2 of area (the sizes of the indicators of the standards are accepted by the tariff committee or the local administration for each region) divided by periodicity(12 months) and multiplied by the tariff and area of the premises.
With Method No. 2 (calculations for heat are carried out only in the heating period) periodicity is not taken into account.
In multi-apartment residential buildings, where it is technically determined that there is a place and a room for the installation and normal functioning of a common house heat meter, and for which such installation is mandatory, an increasing coefficient is additionally applied to the above calculations, increasing the standard calculation in 2016 by 1.4 , and since the beginning of 2017 by 1.5.
In other words, the legislation motivates the owners of premises in an apartment building to install common house heat meters and make calculations using them.
Otherwise, sanctions in the form of increasing coefficients to the standards will be applied.
How is the amount of payment for heating calculated if there are common house heat meters in the house
As a rule, general house heat meters are installed and maintained by management companies, homeowners associations apartment building, or any specialized organization at the discretion of the owners of apartments or other premises of the house.
An organization hired to carry out work on maintenance metering device, monthly is obliged to take readings of the heat metering device. Then they are transferred to the heat supply organization.
At Method number 2(calculations for heat are carried out only in the heating period) calculation of the amount of payment for heat supply to the premises produced as follows:
for method number 2: the ratio of the share of the area of \u200b\u200bthis room from the total quadrature of the whole house (the ratio of S of the premises to the total S of all occupied premises) multiplies on the amount of heat consumed per month and per tariff for heat energy.
With Method No. 1, the amount charged for heat supply during the calendar year is the same.
for method No. 1: the amount of the heating fee is determined as follows: the area of the room is multiplied by the average heat consumption per unit area (1 m2) and by the corresponding tariff.
The average consumption per 1 m2 is calculated based on the total annual consumption of the common house meter for last year divided by the total area of all rooms in the house.
In the absence of actual data for the previous year, the approved standard for thermal energy is used.
At the same time, annually in the first quarter of the year following the reporting one, an adjustment is made: the difference between the amount accrued for the year (according to the data of the previous year) and the actually consumed thermal energy is additionally charged or compensated.
How is the payment for heating calculated if common house and individual heat meters are installed?
Individual heat metering devices (IPU) in our country are rarely installed in apartments and non-residential premises.
The reason is the peculiarity of in-house heating systems with vertical risers, from which they are connected heating appliances, mainly designed in residential buildings until recently. We wrote about when it is possible to install an individual heat meter in an apartment.
Usually, the installation of individual heat meters is carried out at the entrance to the heating pipeline, in this case the heating devices are connected in series to the horizontal wiring. And the return line runs parallel to the supply line and returns to the input point creating a “loop”.
If there are individual metering devices in all occupied premises of an MKD (apartment building) at Method No. 2 (calculations for heat are carried out only in the heating period), the charge for heating for any room is determined by:
For method No. 2, in the presence of individual metering devices in all rooms: as the difference between the readings according to the IPU (individual heat metering device in the room) and the share of ODN per room (common house heating needs) multiplied by the tariff.
The share of ODN is determined based on the difference in the readings of a common house meter (heat consumption consumed by the building) and the sum of the readings of all IPU multiplied by the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room divided by the total area of \u200b\u200ball rooms in the house.
With Method No. 1, calculations are carried out similarly to the method with Method No. 1 in the presence of a common house meter and no IPU, only the total consumption of the heat meter in the room and the ODN for the entire heating period divided by 12 months is taken as a monthly expense.
If your apartment has cold batteries, then we wrote what to do in this case and where to complain.
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