What is dangerous alkalosis. Alkalosis - what is it? Causes, symptoms and treatment of the disease. Other diseases from the group Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders
A disease called alkalosis is quite rare and is characterized by an increase in blood pH due to the accumulation of alkali in the human body. From this article, you can learn about folk remedies treatment of alkalosis, as well as its types, symptoms and causes.
Causes of alkalosis
The causes of the disease and the provoking factors of its occurrence are quite diverse. Alkalosis can be caused by various disorders in the body and diseases, as well as serious surgical operations, as well as the accumulation in the body of unnecessary substances from the use of medications.
Types of alkalosis
There are uncompensated and compensated alkalosis, they differ in blood pH values. There are also gas, non-gas and mixed alkalosis - this classification is due to the cause of alkalosis.
gas alkalosis occurs with hyperventilation of the lungs, which occurs due to excessive inhalation. As a result, the level of oxygen rises to a critical level, which leads to an excessive process of removing carbon. Because of this, this disease is also called respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis occurs after prolonged use of medications, with head injuries and other blood loss.
Non-gas alkalosis in turn, it is divided into three forms - exogenous, excretory and metabolic. Each of these forms has its own cause.
Is there some more scar alkalosis- a serious violation of the digestive process, which occurs as a result of saturation of the scar with alkali, a decrease in its motor function.
Clinical picture in alkalosis
Symptoms are not characteristic, the main signs of the disease are manifested in violation of various functions of the body. The general well-being of a person worsens, a breakdown is observed, headaches, drowsiness appear.
Symptoms depend on the type of alkalosis. So, it is characterized by the appearance of an excited and anxious state, dizziness, fatigue, weakening of memory and attention, deterioration in the ability to concentrate, blanching of the skin, its dryness, and general dehydration of the body.
metabolic alkalosis in its symptoms, it is not much different from gas - the same fatigue, drowsiness, weakness, lethargy and apathy. With metabolic alkalosis, convulsions, severe swelling in the limbs often occur. Patients complain of lack of appetite, nausea, up to vomiting. Skin integuments change - severe itching, dryness and pallor occur.
Folk remedies for the treatment and prevention of alkalosis
Folk remedies in this case imply a transition to a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. In the presence of violations of the acid-base balance in the body, a person should refuse all bad habits, fully sleep and rest, engage in regular cleansing of the body.
Nutrition in this regard plays a decisive role: you should eat more vegetables, salads, dried fruits - they quickly restore the correct acid-base level. It is necessary to pay attention to the content of acids and alkalis in foods, to compose your diet in such a way that their level is in balance. Most products can both lower and increase the level of acids and alkalis.
So, when using dairy products, green tea, mineral water without gas, the amount of alkali can be increased. Potatoes, on the contrary, significantly reduce the level of alkali. The amount of acids can be increased by eating small amounts of bakery products, as well as coffee, tea, meat, and fish.
To restore the balance of alkalis and acids, it is recommended to take alkaline baths and visit the sauna. , affecting the blood circulation as a whole, and alkaline baths also get rid of excess acids, saturating the body with the necessary alkalis contained in oils and salt.
Alkalosis- an increase in the pH of the blood (and other tissues of the body) due to the accumulation of alkaline substances.
Alkalosis(late Latin alcali alkali, from Arabic al-quali) - a violation of the acid-base balance of the body, characterized by an absolute or relative excess of bases.
What provokes / Causes of Alkalosis:
According to the origin of alkalosis, the following groups are distinguished.
gas alkalosis
Occurs as a result of hyperventilation of the lungs, leading to excessive removal of CO 2 from the body and a drop in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood below 35 mm Hg. Art., that is, to hypocapnia. Hyperventilation of the lungs can be observed with organic brain lesions (encephalitis, tumors, etc.), the action of various toxic and pharmacological agents on the respiratory center (for example, some microbial toxins, caffeine, corazol), with elevated body temperature, acute blood loss, etc.
Non-gas alkalosis
The main forms of non-gas alkalosis are: excretory, exogenous and metabolic. Excretory alkalosis can occur, for example, due to large losses of acidic gastric juice during gastric fistulas, indomitable vomiting, etc. Excretory alkalosis can develop with prolonged use of diuretics, some kidney diseases, and also with endocrine disorders leading to excessive sodium retention in the body. In some cases, excretory alkalosis is associated with increased sweating.
Exogenous alkalosis is most commonly seen with excessive administration of sodium bicarbonate to correct or neutralize metabolic acidosis. hyperacidity gastric juice. Moderate compensated alkalosis may be due to prolonged use of food containing many bases.
The metabolic alkalosis meets at some patol. conditions accompanied by disturbances in electrolyte metabolism. So, it is noted during hemolysis, in the postoperative period after some extensive surgical interventions, in children suffering from rickets, hereditary dysregulation of electrolyte metabolism.
Mixed alkalosis
Mixed alkalosis - (a combination of gas and non-gas alkalosis) can be observed, for example, with brain injuries, accompanied by shortness of breath, hypocapnia and vomiting of acidic gastric juice.
Pathogenesis (what happens?) during alkalosis:
With alkalosis (especially associated with hypocapnia), general and regional hemodynamic disturbances occur: cerebral and coronary blood flow decreases, blood pressure and cardiac output decrease. Neuromuscular excitability increases, muscle hypertonicity occurs up to the development of convulsions and tetany. Often there is inhibition of intestinal motility and the development of constipation; decreased activity of the respiratory center. Gas alkalosis is characterized by a decrease in mental performance, dizziness, and fainting may occur.
Alkalosis symptoms:
Symptoms of gas alkalosis reflect the main disorders caused by hypocapnia - hypertension of the cerebral arteries, hypotension of peripheral veins with a secondary decrease in cardiac output and blood pressure, loss of cations and water in the urine. The earliest and leading signs of diffuse cerebral ischemia - patients are often excited, anxious, may complain of dizziness, paresthesia on the face and limbs, quickly get tired of contact with others, concentration and memory are weakened. In some cases, fainting is observed. The skin is pale, gray diffuse cyanosis is possible (with concomitant hypoxemia). On examination, the cause of gas alkalosis is usually determined - hyperventilation due to frequent breathing (up to 40-60 respiratory cycles in 1 min), for example: with thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries; pathology of the lungs, hysterical shortness of breath (the so-called dog breathing) or due to the mode of artificial ventilation of the lungs above 10 l/min. As a rule, tachycardia is noted, sometimes a pendulum rhythm of heart tones; small pulse. Systolic and pulse blood pressure is slightly reduced when the patient is in a horizontal position; when he is transferred to a sitting position, orthostatic collapse is possible. Diuresis is increased. With prolonged and pronounced gaseous alkalosis (pCO2 less than 25 mmHg st.) there may be dehydration, the appearance of convulsions as a result of developing hypocalcemia. In patients with organic pathology of the central nervous system and "epileptic readiness", gas alkalosis can provoke an epileptic seizure. On the EEG, an increase in the amplitude and a decrease in the frequency of the main rhythm, bilateral synchronous discharges of slow waves are determined. ECG often shows diffuse changes in myocardial repolarization.
metabolic alkalosis, often appearing with the use of mercury diuretics and with massive infusions of alkaline solutions or nitrate blood to the patient, is usually compensated, is transient and does not have pronounced clinical manifestations (some respiratory depression, swelling are possible). Decompensated metabolic alkalosis usually develops as a result of primary (with prolonged vomiting) or secondary (from potassium losses during massive hemolysis, diarrhea) loss of chlorine by the body, as well as in terminal conditions, especially those accompanied by dehydration. Progressive weakness, fatigue, thirst are noted, anorexia, headache, minor hyperkinesis of the muscles of the face and limbs appear. Convulsions due to hypocalcemia are possible. The skin is usually dry, tissue turgor is reduced (with an abundant infusion of fluid, edema is possible). Breathing is superficial, rare (if pneumonia or heart failure does not join). As a rule, tachycardia is detected, sometimes embryocardia. Patients first become apathetic, then inhibited, drowsy; in the future, disorders of consciousness are aggravated up to the development of coma. The ECG often shows low T-wave voltage and signs of hypokalemia. Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia are determined in the blood. The reaction of urine in most cases is alkaline (with A. due to primary losses of potassium, it is acidic).
Chronic metabolic alkalosis developing in patients peptic ulcer due to long-term intake of large amounts of alkalis and milk, is known as Burnett's syndrome, or milk-alkaline syndrome. It is manifested by general weakness, decreased appetite with aversion to dairy food, nausea and vomiting, lethargy, apathy, pruritus, severe cases- ataxia, the deposition of calcium salts in tissues (often in the conjunctiva and cornea), as well as in the tubules of the kidneys, which leads to the gradual development of renal failure.
Alkalosis treatment:
The therapy of gas alkalosis consists in eliminating the cause that caused hyperventilation, as well as in the direct normalization of the gas composition of the blood by inhaling mixtures containing carbon dioxide(for example, carbogen). Therapy for non-gas alkalosis is carried out depending on its type. Apply solutions of ammonium, potassium, calcium chlorides, insulin, agents that inhibit carbonic anhydrase and promote the excretion of sodium and bicarbonate ions by the kidneys.
Patients with metabolic alkalosis, as well as with gaseous alkalosis, which developed against the background of serious diseases, such as pulmonary embolism, are hospitalized. Gas alkalosis due to neurogenic hyperventilation in most cases can be eliminated at the point of care for the patient. With significant hypocapnia, inhalation of carbogen is indicated - a mixture of oxygen (92-95%) and carbon dioxide (8-5%). For convulsions, calcium chloride is administered intravenously. If possible, hyperventilation is eliminated, for example, by the introduction of seduxen, morphine, and if the artificial lung ventilation mode is incorrect, by its correction.
With decompensated metabolic alkalosis, solutions of sodium chloride and calcium chloride are administered intravenously to the patient. In case of hypokalemia, intravenous potassium preparations are prescribed - panangin, a solution of potassium chloride (preferably the simultaneous administration of glucose with insulin), as well as potassium-sparing drugs (spironolactone). In all cases, ammonium chloride can be administered orally, and in case of alkalosis due to the excessive introduction of alkalis, diacarb. Treatment of the underlying disease is carried out, aimed at eliminating the causes of alkalosis (vomiting, diarrhea, hemolysis, etc.).
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Alkalosis is a condition in which an increase in pH is recorded in the tissues of the body and, above all, in the blood, which occurs due to the accumulation of an excess amount of alkali. In other words, this is a violation of the acid-base balance, in which an absolute or relative excess of bases is formed. There are alkalosis gas, non-gas and mixed.
This article will look at the symptoms, causes, and treatments for alkalosis.
Causes of Alkalosis
The causes of alkalosis can be divided into three groups - depending on the type of alkalosis.
Causes of gas alkalosis
Gas alkalosis appears as a result of hyperventilation of the lungs, which leads to hypocapnia. This condition is usually observed with various organic lesions of the brain, for example, with encephalitis, tumors, as well as with the action of pharmacological and toxic agents on the respiratory center - caffeine, microbial toxins.
Also, hyperventilation can occur due to an increase in body temperature, with acute blood loss.
Causes of non-gas alkalosis
Non-gas alkalosis has various forms: exogenous, excretory, metabolic.
exogenous alkalosis occurs due to the introduction of an excess amount of sodium bicarbonate to neutralize or correct metabolic acidosis.
excretory alkalosis occurs with gastric fistulas, when a lot of acidic gastric juice is lost, with severe vomiting, prolonged use of diuretics, with endocrine disorders with sodium retention, and also with certain kidney diseases. Excretory alkalosis can also be associated with excessive sweating.
metabolic alkalosis occurs due to impaired electrolyte metabolism: with hemolysis, after surgical interventions, in.
Causes of mixed alkalosis
Mixed alkalosis - a combination of gas and non-gas - is observed in brain injuries, when hypocapnia, shortness of breath, and vomiting with acidic gastric juice occur.
Symptoms of alkalosis
Symptoms of gas alkalosis
- Hypertension of the cerebral arteries.
- Hypotonia of peripheral veins.
- Loss of water in the urine and cations.
- Diffuse cerebral ischemia, characterized by anxiety, agitation, dizziness, paresthesia on the limbs and face, weakening of memory and attention.
- Pale skin, fainting, convulsions.
- Dehydration.
- Pressure surges when transferring the patient from a lying position to a standing position.
Symptoms of non-gas (metabolic) alkalosis
Clinical manifestations are mild.
- Puffiness.
- Respiratory depression.
- Weakness, fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy.
- Anorexia.
- Headache, convulsions due to hypercalcemia.
- In the blood - hypokalemia, hypochloremia.
Symptoms of chronic metabolic alkalosis
It develops as a result of prolonged intake of milk and alkalis with a stomach ulcer (Burnett's syndrome).
- Decreased appetite, general weakness, lethargy, apathy.
- Aversion to any dairy food.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Skin itching.
- Deposition of salts in the conjunctiva, cornea, in the tubules of the kidneys (leads to renal failure).
Treatment of alkalosis
With gas alkalosis first of all, the cause that caused hyperventilation is eliminated. Then the gas composition of the blood normalizes - mixtures with carbon dioxide are inhaled.
Treatment non-gas alkalosis depends on the specific type. Usually solutions of calcium and potassium, ammonium chlorides, insulin are applied.
Sick metabolic alkalosis need hospitalization. With hypocapnia, carbogen inhalation is prescribed, with convulsions, calcium chloride is administered intravenously.
Hyperventilation is eliminated by the introduction of seduxen or morphine. With hypokalemia intravenously - potassium preparations (panangin), the introduction of glucose with insulin. At the same time, the underlying disease is treated.
Alkalosis is an increase in the pH of the blood, which occurs due to the accumulation of alkaline substances. Thus, alkalosis is a violation of the acid-base balance, which is characterized by a relative or absolute excess of bases.
With alkalosis, general and local disturbances in the movement of blood through the vessels are noted. Such disorders include a decrease in coronary and cerebral blood flow, a decrease in blood pressure, as well as a decrease in cardiac output. In this case, muscle hypertonicity occurs, which can reach tetany and convulsions, while neuromuscular excitability increases. The development of constipation, inhibition of intestinal motility, and a decrease in the activity of the respiratory center are also quite often observed.
Kinds
As for the varieties of this disease, gas, non-gas, as well as mixed alkalosis are distinguished by origin. Gas alkalosis, as a rule, occurs due to excessive hyperventilation of the lungs, which leads to excessive removal of carbon dioxide from the body, as well as to hypocapnia, i.e. to a drop in the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood below 35 mm Hg. Art. Hyperventilation of the lungs can occur with certain brain lesions, as well as when the respiratory center is exposed to various pharmacological and toxic agents. In addition, such a pathology can develop at elevated body temperature or with acute blood loss. May decrease in gas alkalosis mental abilities in patients. There are also fainting states that can occur after dizziness.
As for non-gas alkalosis, metabolic, exogenous and excretory alkalosis are distinguished here. Excretory alkalosis can often occur due to large losses of acidic gastric juice from the stomach. This can occur, for example, with gastric fistulas or profuse vomiting. In addition, excretory alkalosis can be the result of long-term use of diuretic drugs. Also, this form of alkalosis can develop in certain kidney diseases and in various endocrine disorders, which usually lead to an excessive retention of sodium in the human body. In some cases, the appearance of the disease is associated with increased sweating.
The exogenous form of alkalosis is most often observed with an excess of sodium bicarbonate preparations, which are produced to normalize the increased acidity of gastric juice in the stomach or to correct a metabolic increase in acidity.
Metabolic alkalosis can occur in some known pathological conditions that are accompanied by impaired electrolyte metabolism. This may occur in the postoperative period. In particular, after certain extensive operations, in children who suffer from rickets, as well as children suffering from hereditary disorders in the regulation of electrolyte metabolism.
Mixed alkalosis is a combination of gas alkalosis and non-gas alkalosis. It can occur with various brain injuries, which are accompanied by shortness of breath, vomiting of acidic gastric juice.
Symptoms
With gas alkalosis, the main violations are noted, which are characteristic of the insufficiency of carbon dioxide in the blood. Symptoms of insufficiency of carbon dioxide in the blood are hypertension of the cerebral arteries, as well as hypotension of peripheral veins with a decrease in pressure and secondary cardiac output, loss of water and cations in the urine. Also, the very first and main symptoms of this form of alkalosis are the clinical manifestations of diffuse cerebral ischemia. Such signs include frequent agitation, anxiety, dizziness, numbness of the limbs and face, fatigue, memory loss and concentration. In some cases, there may be fainting, blanching of the skin. During the examination, signs of gas alkalosis are determined.
The main signs of gas alkalosis include hyperventilation of the lungs due to frequent breathing. This can occur with arterial thromboembolism in the lungs, with various pathologies of the lungs, as well as with hysterical shortness of breath or as a result of mechanical ventilation of the lungs, which exceeds 10 l / min. Also, the symptoms of the disease in this case are tachycardia, a small pulse, an increase in the volume of urine formed. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure decrease when the patient assumes a horizontal position, and when the patient is transferred to a sitting position, orthostatic collapse may develop. With severe and prolonged gas alkalosis, dehydration of the body may occur, convulsions may appear, which develop due to a low content of calcium in the blood plasma.
In patients with organic pathology nervous system gas alkalosis can provoke an attack of epilepsy. When conducting electroencephalography, a decrease and increase in the amplitude of the frequency of the main rhythm is determined. When conducting an electrocardiogram, diffuse changes in repolarization in the myocardium are often detected.
Metabolic alkalosis often occurs when mercury diuretics are used in the treatment. This type alkalosis can be compensated, while the disease is transient and does not have pronounced clinical manifestations. With this type of disease, some respiratory depression and the appearance of edema are possible.
Decompensated metabolic alkalosis, as a rule, develops as a result of primary or secondary loss of chlorine by the body. Also, this form of alkalosis can occur in conditions of elevated temperature, especially when it is accompanied by dehydration. At the same time, progressive weakness, thirst and increased fatigue are noted. There is a headache, there is no appetite, small hyperkinesis of the muscles of the limbs and face develop.
Due to the lack of calcium, convulsions are possible. The skin is dry, the turgor of the limbs is reduced, the breathing is shallow. There is an increased heart rate, and in some cases, embryocardia. Patients first become very apathetic, and then drowsy and inhibited. Further disorders of consciousness can reach the state of coma. The electrocardiogram shows a low voltage of T waves, as well as signs of a decrease in the concentration of potassium ions. In the blood, there is a decrease in chlorine, a decrease in the concentration of potassium ions and a decrease in the content of calcium. The reaction of urine in this case is most often alkaline, and in the case of primary losses of potassium, the reaction of the blood is acidic.
Chronic metabolic alkalosis often develops in patients with ulcers due to long-term intake of alkalis and milk in large quantities. This disease is also called milk-alkaline syndrome or Burnett's syndrome. This syndrome manifests itself in the form of general weakness and a pronounced decrease in appetite, in which there is an aversion to dairy food. Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, apathy, pruritus are also noted. In some cases, ataxia and the deposition of calcium salts in the tissues and in the tubules of the kidneys. This leads to the development of kidney failure.
Alkalosis in children
The forms of alkalosis and the causes of their development in children can be said to be the same as in adults, but due to the lability of metabolism and the lability of acid-base balance, alkalosis most often occurs during many pathological conditions and diseases.
The metabolic form of alkalosis is often observed in diseases that are accompanied by vomiting. Such pathologies, for example, are intestinal obstruction, pyloric stenosis and birth trauma of newborns. In some cases, alkalosis occurs due to the introduction of an excess of reference bases with incorrect correction of acidosis, as well as the appointment of diuretics, after which hypokalemic alkalosis may develop. With a low content of potassium in the blood plasma, alkalosis can also develop with spasmophilia.
In medical practice, hereditary diseases are known that are characterized by permanent metabolic alkalosis. For example, hereditary disturbances in the transport of chloride ions in the intestine can lead to the development of alkalosis and chlorine diarrhea. Against the background of certain chronic digestive disorders, patients' stool filtrates may show a high content of chloride ions. At the same time, chlorine is not detected in the urine.
Gas alkalosis in children most often develops with hyperventilation, which occurs against the background of a toxic syndrome that develops with certain acute respiratory infections. viral infections, pneumonia, hyperthermia, meningitis, encephalitis, psychogenic reactions, with craniocerebral injuries, as well as with brain tumors.
Artificial ventilation of the lungs during operations or resuscitation of patients can lead to the development of the so-called compensated gas alkalosis, as a transient condition. The disease can also, for example, be observed in case of poisoning with sulfonamides and salicylates. In some cases, gas alkalosis is combined with coma in chronic hepatitis, but the pathophysiological nature of this phenomenon is not always clear. This form of gas alkalosis clinical manifestations are uncharacteristic. Clinical manifestations are present only in the underlying disease. If calcium deficiency develops against the background of alkalosis, then the patient has signs of convulsive seizures, increased sweating and trembling of the hands. Older children may occasionally experience tinnitus and numbness. With a deep violation of the acid-base balance, neuropsychiatric disorders and even coma can occur. An example of such a disorder is acute hypercapnia.
Treatment
The treatment for gas alkalosis is usually to eliminate the cause that caused the hyperventilation of the lungs. In addition, the blood gas composition is normalized. For this, inhalation of mixtures that contain carbon dioxide is used. In the general case, it is also necessary to treat the underlying disease that provoked the appearance of alkalosis.
Treatment for non-gas alkalosis is usually based on the type of alkalosis. In the general case, solutions of ammonium and calcium chlorides, insulin, as well as agents that promote the excretion of bicarbonate and sodium ions by the kidneys are used for treatment.
In the case of metabolic and gas alkalosis, which has developed against the background of serious illness, usually patients are subject to hospitalization. An example of such a severe disease is thromboembolism. Gas alkalosis, which has arisen due to neurogenic hyperventilation of the lungs, can most often be eliminated right on the spot.
With significant hypocapnia, inhalations of carbogen, which is a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, are prescribed. In this case, the mixture consists of 95% oxygen, and the rest is carbon dioxide. With convulsions, calcium chloride is usually administered intravenously to patients. If possible, hyperventilation is eliminated. For this, seduxen and morphine are introduced, and in case of an incorrect mode of artificial ventilation of the lungs, it is corrected.
With decompensated metabolic alkalosis, solutions of sodium chloride and calcium chloride are administered intravenously. With a low content of potassium in the blood plasma, intravenous administration of potassium preparations is prescribed. Such drugs are a solution of potassium chloride and panangin. At the same time, with the introduction of these drugs, it is also desirable to administer glucose with insulin. In addition, potassium-sparing drugs such as spironolactone are administered.
For all types of alkalosis, ammonium chloride can be prescribed. If the occurrence of alkalosis is associated with excessive administration of alkalis, diacarb is prescribed.
For the treatment of alkalosis in premature infants, oral administration of ascorbic acid is used. Amino acids are also used for this purpose. They are used for liver damage and when the administration of sodium and potassium cations is contraindicated. Amino acid preparations are contraindicated for children who suffer from renal insufficiency, as such preparations increase the formation of urea.
Alkalosis is a pathological condition that is a violation of the acid-base balance in the body, manifested by an increase in the pH of the blood, and caused by an excess of base, the accumulation of alkaline substances.
Types of alkolosis
Alkalosis is divided into compensated and uncompensated
Compensated alkalosis is a violation of acid and alkaline balance, accompanied by blood pH values within normal values and shifts in buffer systems and regulatory mechanisms.
Uncompensated alkalosis is characterized by pH values exceeding 7.45, which are associated with excess bases and insufficient mechanisms for regulating acid and alkaline balance.
By origin, alkolosis can be:
- Gas, resulting from hyperventilation of the lungs, causing excessive excretion of CO2 and hypocapnia.
- Non-gas, which is divided into several forms - excretory, exogenous and metabolic. The excretory form of alkalosis can occur with large losses of acidic gastric juice with indomitable vomiting, etc. The excretory form of alkalosis can develop with prolonged use of drugs from the group of diuretics, a number of kidney diseases, and also with endocrine disorders causing excess sodium retention in the body. The exogenous form of alkalosis occurs with excessive administration of sodium bicarbonate from the body. The metabolic form of alkalosis can develop in pathological conditions that are accompanied by disturbances in electrolyte metabolism (with hemolysis, after severe surgical interventions, with rickets, with hereditary dysregulation of electrolyte metabolism).
- Mixed - combining gas and non-gas alkalosis. Occurs with brain injuries, which are accompanied by hypocapnia, shortness of breath and vomiting of gastric juice.
Alcolosis symptoms
With alkalosis, various general and local disturbances in hemodynamics occur: a decrease in cerebral and coronary blood flow occurs, blood pressure and minute blood volume decrease. Neuromuscular excitability increases, muscle hypertonicity develops, tetany convulsions may appear. Often there is suppression of intestinal motility and the appearance of constipation, and the activity of the respiratory center is also inhibited. With the gas type of alkalosis, the characteristic manifestations are dizziness, decreased mental performance, and fainting.
Alcolosis Treatment Methods
The treatment of alcoholism is complex. Treatment of the gas type of alkalosis is aimed at eliminating all the causes that caused the phenomena of hyperventilation, as well as at the direct normalization of the gas composition of the blood, mainly by inhaling mixtures containing carbon dioxide (for example, carbogen) by patients. Treatment of non-gas alkalosis is carried out in direct dependence on its specific type. Usually solutions of chlorides of potassium, ammonium, calcium, insulin, medicines that cause inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and promote the excretion of sodium ions and bicarbonates in the urine.
The information provided is not a recommendation for the treatment of alkalosis, but is brief description problems for the purpose of familiarization. Do not forget that self-medication can harm your health. If signs of illness appear or are suspected, you should immediately consult a doctor. Be healthy.