Requirements for pressurized containers. Safe operation of pressure vessels
Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels. Exam questions and answers.
1. Which vessels are covered by the Rules? (1.1.2)
The rules apply to:
vessels operating under pressure of water with a temperature above 115 ° C or other non-toxic, non-flammable and explosive liquids at a temperature exceeding the boiling point at a pressure of 0.07 MPa;
vessels operating under pressure of steam, gas or toxic explosive liquids over 0.07 MPa;
cylinders intended for transportation and storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure over 0.07 MPa;
tanks and barrels for the transportation and storage of compressed and liquefied gases, the vapor pressure of which at temperatures up to 50 ° C exceeds the pressure of 0.07 MPa;
tanks and vessels for transportation or storage of compressed, liquefied gases. liquids and loose bodies, in which pressure above 0.07 MPa is periodically created to empty them;
pressure chambers.
2. Which vessels are not covered by the Rules? (1.1.3)
The rules do not apply to:
vessels of nuclear power plants, as well as vessels working with a radioactive environment;
vessels with a capacity of not more than 25 liters, regardless of pressure, used for scientific and experimental purposes;
vessels and cylinders with a capacity of not more than 25 liters, in which the product of pressure and capacity does not exceed 200;
vessels operating under pressure, created during an explosion inside them in accordance with the technological process or combustion in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis;
vessels operating under vacuum;
vessels installed on sea, river vessels and other floating facilities (except for dredges);
aircraft-mounted vessels, etc. aircraft;
air reservoirs for braking equipment of rolling stock of railway transport, cars and other vehicles;
vessels special purpose military department;
steam and water heating devices;
tube furnaces;
vessels consisting of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm without collectors, as well as with collectors made of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm;
parts of machines that are not independent vessels.
3. With which organization should any change in the design, the need for which may arise during the manufacture, installation and repair of pressure vessels, be agreed? (1.2.3)
With the organization-developer of the project and (or) regulatory documentation for the vessel. If it is impossible to fulfill this condition, it is allowed to coordinate changes in the project and RD with a specialized organization.
4. What organization gives permission to deviate from the Rules? (1.2.5)
Deviation from the Rules may be allowed only in an exceptional case with the permission of Rostekhnadzor of Russia.
5. Who establishes the procedure for investigating accidents and accidents? (1.4.1)
Rostekhnadzor of Russia.
6. Where is the design life of the vessel indicated? (2.1.2)
In the passport of the vessel.
7. What should the design of the internal devices of vessels provide? (2.1.5)
The design of internal devices must ensure the removal of air from the vessel during a hydraulic test and water after a hydraulic test.
8. What devices should be on each vessel to control the absence of pressure before opening it? (2.1.7)
Valve, faucet or other device. In this case, the outlet of the medium must be directed to a safe place.
9. What vessels are allowed to be made without hatches and hatches? (2.2.1)
vessels consisting of a cylindrical body and gratings with tubes fixed in them (heat exchangers), and vessels intended for the transportation and storage of cryogenic liquids, as well as vessels intended for working with substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes, but not causing corrosion and scale, it is allowed to manufacture without hatches and hatches, regardless of the diameter of the vessels;
if the vessels have fittings, flange connectors, removable bottoms or covers, the inner diameter of which is not less than those specified for hatches, which ensure the possibility of internal inspection, it is allowed not to provide hatches.
10. At what internal diameter should a vessel have hatches? (2.2.2)
Vessels with an internal diameter of more than 800 mm must have hatches.
11. At what internal diameter should the vessel have hatches? (2.2.2)
Vessels with an internal diameter of 800 mm or less must have hatches.
12. What should be the inner diameter of the round hatch in the vessels? (2.2.3)
The inner diameter of round hatches must be at least 400 mm.
13. What should be the inner diameter of the round hatch in the vessels? (2.2.3)
The inner diameter of round hatches must be at least 80 mm.
14. At what weight of the hatch cover must it be equipped with a lifting and turning device for opening and closing? (2.2.6)
Covers weighing more than 20 kg.
15. Name the value of test pressure during hydraulic testing. (4.6.3)
Hydraulic testing of vessels, with the exception of cast ones, should be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula: Рpr=1.25Р[]20/[]t.
16. When are lap welds allowed? (2.4.1)
The use of overlap welds is allowed for welding reinforcing rings, supporting elements, backing sheets, plates for platforms, stairs, brackets, etc. to the body.
17. Which vessels are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.2.2)
vessels of the 1st group, operating at a wall temperature not exceeding 200°C, in which the product of pressure and capacity does not exceed 500, as well as vessels of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th groups, operating at the above temperature, in which the product of pressure and capacity does not exceed 1000;
devices for air separation plants and gas separation, located inside the heat-insulating casing;
air tanks electrical switches;
barrels for the transportation of liquefied gases, cylinders with a capacity of up to 100 inclusive, installed permanently, as well as intended for the transportation and (or) storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;
hydrogen generators used by the hydrometeorological service;
vessels for storage or transportation of liquefied gases, liquids and loose bodies under pressure periodically when they are emptied;
vessels installed in underground mine workings.
18. What material should the vessels and their elements be made of? (3.2)
For the manufacture, installation and repair of vessels and their elements, the basic materials given in Appendix 4 should be used.
19. Who gives permission for the manufacture of pressure vessels and their elements?
Permission for the manufacture of pressure vessels and their elements is issued by Rostekhnadzor of Russia.
20. Methods non-destructive testing welded joints. (4.5.5)
The main types of non-destructive testing of metal and welded joints are:
visual and measuring;
radiographic;
ultrasonic;
radioscopic;
steeloscopy;
hardness measurement;
hydraulic tests;
pneumatic tests.
21. When should a vessel be shut down in an emergency? (7.3.1)
The vessel must be immediately stopped in cases provided for by the operating mode and safe maintenance instructions, in particular:
in case of a malfunction of the pressure gauge and the inability to determine the pressure using other instruments;
in the event of a fire that directly threatens the pressure vessel.
22. What data must be painted on a visible place of the vessel or on a special plate after the issuance of a permit for its operation? (6.4.4)
registration number;
allowed pressure;
day, month and year of the next external and internal inspection and hydraulic test.
23. Which group does a vessel with a design pressure of 2 kgf / cm² and a working medium of chlorine belong to?
To the 1st group (because the working environment is chlorine).
24. In what cases is a pressure gauge not allowed for operation? (5.3.10)
there is no seal or brand with a mark on the verification;
verification period is overdue;
the arrow, when it is turned off, does not return to the zero reading of the scale by an amount exceeding half the permissible error for this device;
the glass is broken or there is damage that may affect the correctness of its readings.
25. What is the value of test pressure during hydraulic testing of a vessel with a working pressure of 0.8 MPa, a design pressure of 1 MPa and a design temperature of 20С?
Rpr \u003d 1.25 Rcalc.x[] 20 / [] t \u003d 1.25 MPa.
26. What working medium can be used to increase the pressure during the hydraulic testing of vessels? (4.6.9)
Water or other liquid (as agreed with the project developer). The use of compressed air or other gas to raise the pressure is not allowed.
27. What water temperature can be during a hydraulic test of vessels? (4.6.9)
Not lower than 5°С and not higher than 40°С, unless a specific temperature value is specified in the technical specifications.
28. Who sets the exposure time of vessels under test pressure? (4.6.12)
Project developer. In the absence of instructions in the project, the exposure time must be at least the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table.
29. In what cases is the vessel considered to have passed the hydrotest? (4.6.14)
The vessel is considered to have passed the hydraulic test if it is not found:
leaks, cracks, tears, sweating in welded joints and on the base metal;
leaks in detachable connections;
visible residual deformations;
pressure drop on the pressure gauge.
30. In what case is it allowed to replace a hydraulic test with a pneumatic one? (4.6.17)
Subject to the control of pneumatic testing by the method of acoustic emission or another method agreed in the prescribed manner.
31. What is supplied by the manufacturer with a vessel passport? (4.9.1)
The instruction manual is attached to the passport.
32. What is put on the plate attached to the vessel after its manufacture? (4.9.3)
Year of manufacture;
working pressure, MPa;
design pressure, MPa;
test pressure, MPa;
the mass of the vessel.
33. What devices should the vessel be equipped with to control its operation and ensure safe operating conditions? (5.1.1)
The vessel must be equipped with:
shut-off or shut-off and control valves;
instruments for measuring pressure;
instruments for measuring temperature;
safety devices;
liquid level indicators.
34. What data should be printed on the valve body? (5.2.2.)
The fittings must have the following marking:
name or trademark of the manufacturer;
conditional pass;
conditional pressure;
medium flow direction;
case material grade.
35. What device should have a vessel for explosive and flammable substances on the supply line from a pump or compressor? (5.2.5)
Must have a non-return valve, automatically closed by pressure from the vessel. The non-return valve must be installed between the pump (compressor) and the stop valves of the vessel.
36. With what nominal bore should reinforcement made of alloyed steels or non-ferrous metals have a passport? (5.2.6)
With a conditional passage of more than 20 mm.
37. What accuracy class should have pressure gauges at an operating pressure in the vessel up to 25 kgf / cm²? (5.3.2)
Accuracy class not lower than 2.5.
38. What accuracy class should have manometers at a working pressure in the vessel over 25 kgf / cm²? (5.3.2)
Accuracy class not lower than 1.5.
39. Select a manometer for a vessel with a working pressure of 8 kgf / cm².
Accuracy class not lower than 2.5.
40. What should be the nominal diameter of the pressure gauge body installed at a height of up to 2 m? (5.3.6)
Not less than 100 mm.
41. What should be the nominal diameter of the pressure gauge body, installed at a height of 2 to 3 m? (5.3.6)
Not less than 160 mm.
42. At what maximum height from the level of the observation site is it not allowed to install pressure gauges (5.3.6)?
At a height of more than 3 m.
43. How many positions does a three-way valve have?
Five positions.
44. Frequency of checking pressure gauges with their sealing and / or branding? (5.3.11)
45. Frequency of checking working pressure gauges using a control pressure gauge? (5.3.11)
At least once every 6 months.
46. What devices are used to protect against an increase in pressure above the permissible value and are installed on pressure vessels? (5.5.1, 5.5.2)
Safety devices:
47. On which vessels the installation of lever-weight valves is not allowed? (5.5.2)
on mobile vessels.
48. What should a vessel designed for pressure less than the pressure of the supply source have on the supply pipeline? (5.5.6)
Automatic reducing device with pressure gauge and safety device installed on the lower pressure side after the reducing device.
49. What can replace the automatic reducing device, if due to it physical properties working environment cannot work reliably?(5.5.8)
The flow regulator, while protection against pressure increase must be provided.
50. In what places is it not allowed to install reinforcement? (5.5.14)
The installation of shut-off valves between the vessel and the safety device, as well as behind it, is not allowed.
51. What documents determine the procedure and terms for checking the serviceability of safety valves, depending on the conditions of the technological process? (5.5.25)
Operating instructions for safety devices approved by the owner of the vessel in the prescribed manner.
52. What is the procedure and timing for checking safety valves? (5.5.25)
The procedure and terms for checking safety valves are established in the operating instructions for safety devices approved by the owner of the vessel in the prescribed manner.
53. How many level indicators are installed on vessels heated by flames or hot gases? (5.6.3)
At least two direct action level indicators.
54. In what places is it not allowed to install vessels? (6.1.3)
In residential, public and household buildings, as well as in the premises adjacent to them.
55. What devices should be installed or used for convenient maintenance of vessels? (6.1.5)
Platforms and stairs, as well as cradles and other devices.
56. What documentation is required to register a vessel? (6.2.3)
passport of the established form;
vessel connection scheme;
passport of the safety valve with the calculation of its throughput.
57. When should a vessel be re-registered? (6.2.5)
when moving the vessel to a new place;
when transferring the vessel to another owner;
when making changes to the scheme of its inclusion.
58. When are pressure vessels subject to technical inspection, excluding extraordinary? (6.3.1)
Vessels covered by the Rules must be subject to technical examination after installation, before commissioning, periodically during operation.
59. Who sets the scope, methods and frequency of technical examination of vessels (except for cylinders)? (6.3.2)
Determined by the manufacturer and indicated in the instruction manual.
60. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of more than 0.1 mm per year and not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3)
External and internal inspections - once every 12 months, hydraulic test - once every 8 years.
61. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of not more than 0.1 mm per year and not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3)
External and internal inspections - once every 2 years, hydraulic test - once every 8 years.
62. What is the frequency of technical examination of tanks and barrels, in which pressure over 0.7 kgf / cm² is periodically created to empty them, which are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3)
External and internal inspections - once every 2 years, hydraulic test - once every 8 years.
63. Who conducts periodic inspection of vessels registered with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3.3)
Specialist of an organization licensed by Rostekhnadzor of the Russian Federation to conduct an industrial safety review of technical devices (vessels).
64. Who conducts an extraordinary technical examination of vessels registered with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor? (6.3.3)
Specialist of an organization licensed by Rostekhnadzor of Russia to conduct an industrial safety review of technical devices (vessels).
65. Who carries out periodic survey of vessels not registered with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3.3)
Person responsible for implementation production control for compliance with industrial safety requirements in the operation of pressure vessels.
66. What is the purpose of external and internal inspection of vessels? (6.3.4)
External and internal examinations are aimed at:
during the initial survey, check that the vessel is installed and equipped in accordance with the Rules and documents submitted during registration, and that the vessel and its elements are not damaged.;
during periodic and extraordinary surveys, establish the serviceability of the vessel and the possibility of its further operation.
67. What is the purpose of hydraulic testing? (6.3.4)
The hydraulic test is intended to check the strength of the elements of the vessel and the tightness of the joints.
68. What work should be carried out before internal inspection and hydraulic testing? (6.3.5)
Before internal inspection and hydraulic testing, the vessel must be stopped, cooled (warmed), freed from the working medium filling it, disconnected by plugs from all pipelines connecting the vessel to a pressure source or to other vessels. Metal vessels must be cleaned down to metal.
69. In what cases is an extraordinary survey of vessels in operation carried out? (6.3.6)
if the vessel has not been used for more than 12 months;
if the vessel was dismantled and installed in a new place;
if bulges or dents have been corrected, as well as reconstruction or repair of the vessel using welding or soldering of pressure elements;
before applying a protective coating to the walls of the vessel;
after an accident of a vessel or elements working under pressure, if such a survey is required by the scope of restoration work;
at the request of the inspector GGTN or responsible for supervision of the implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of pressure vessels.
70. Where are the results of the technical examination of vessels recorded? (6.3.8)
In the passport of the vessel by the person who carried out the survey, indicating the permitted parameters of operation of the vessel and the timing of the next surveys.
71. Cases of emergency stop of the vessel. (7.3.1)
if the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel;
when a malfunction of safety devices against pressure increase is detected;
upon detection of leaks, bulges, rupture of gaskets in the vessel and its elements working under pressure;
when the liquid level drops below the permissible level in vessels with fire heating;
in case of failure of all liquid level indicators;
in case of malfunction of safety interlocks;
72. How long is the vessel under test pressure during periodic technical examination? (6.3.19)
The vessel shall be under test pressure for 5 min, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
73. In how many days should the administration of the enterprise notify the specialists of the enterprise about the readiness of the survey of vessels? (6.3.21)
Not later than 5 days.
74. Who gives permission to commission a vessel subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.4.1)
Inspector of Rostekhnadzor after registration of the vessel on the basis of technical examination and inspection of the organization of maintenance and supervision.
75. Who gives permission to commission a vessel that is not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.4.2)
A person appointed by an organization order to exercise production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements in the operation of pressure vessels, based on the manufacturer's documentation after technical examination and verification of the maintenance organization.
76. Where is the permission to put the vessel into service recorded? (6.4.3)
Permission to put the vessel into operation is recorded in its passport.
77. What kind welding work can be performed by a welder? (4.3.3)
Welders can perform welding work of the types specified in their certificate.
78. How many groups are the vessels divided into depending on the design pressure and the nature of the working environment? (4.5.2)
For 4 groups.
79. What is the frequency of checking the knowledge of personnel servicing pressure vessels? (7.2.4)
At least once every 12 months.
80. In what cases is an extraordinary check of knowledge of the staff? (7.2.4)
when moving to another organization;
in the event of a change in the instruction on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of the vessel;
at the request of the inspector of Rostekhnadzor of the Russian Federation.
81. In what case is it allowed to repair a vessel in working order? (7.4.3)
Repair of vessels and their elements under pressure is not allowed.
82. What should be the voltage of lamps when working inside the vessel? (7.4.6)
Not higher than 12 V.
83. In what cases is it prohibited to fill tanks and barrels with gases? (9.1.21)
missing or faulty fittings or instrumentation;
tanks or barrels do not contain the gas for which they are intended.
84. At what capacity should cylinders for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases be provided with a passport of the established form? (10.1.3)
With a capacity of more than 100 liters.
85. What thread should the side fittings of valves for cylinders filled with hydrogen and other combustible gases have? (10.1.6)
Left thread.
86. What data is stamped on the upper spherical part of the cylinders? (10.1.9)
manufacturer's trademark;
balloon number;
actual mass of an empty cylinder (kg);
date (month, year) of manufacture and year of the next survey;
operating pressure;
trial hydraulic pressure;
cylinder capacity (l);
mark of the quality control department of the manufacturer;
standard number for cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 liters.
87. Who authorizes inspection of cylinders? (10.2.1)
Issued by the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
88. How far should gas cylinders be from heating radiators? (10.3.4)
Not less than 1 m.
89. What device is needed to release gases into containers with lower pressure? (10.3.6)
Reducer designed for this gas and painted in the appropriate color.
90. What passport data is applied by the manufacturer on the plate of the vessel? (4.9.3)
The plate must bear:
trademark or manufacturer's name;
name or designation of the vessel;
serial number of the vessel according to the manufacturer's numbering system;
Year of manufacture;
working pressure, MPa;
design pressure, MPa;
test pressure, MPa;
permissible maximum and (or) minimum working temperature of the wall;
the mass of the vessel.
91. Who controls compliance with the Rules? (11.1)
Rostekhnadzor bodies by conducting periodic surveys of manufacturing organizations, design, commissioning, installation, repair and diagnostic organizations.
92. What fittings should the tank be equipped with? (9.1.11)
valves with siphon tubes for draining and filling the medium;
a valve for releasing vapors from the top of the tank;
spring safety valve;
fitting for connecting a pressure gauge;
liquid level indicator.
93. How many welded joints of vessels and their elements are subject to visual and measurement control? (4.5.17)
All welded joints of vessels and their elements.
94. By what value is the pressure in the vessel allowed to exceed after the safety valve has been triggered? (5.5.9)
Not more than 25% of the working pressure, provided that this excess is provided for by the project and is reflected in the vessel's passport.
95. For what purpose and when is it carried out technical diagnostics vessels and what is its program? (6.3.24)
Technical diagnostics is carried out in the following. cases:
at the end of the estimated service life of the vessel;
in the event of an accident of pressure vessels;
in the event of detection during the operation of vessels operating under pressure, defects that cast doubt on the strength of the structure, or defects, the cause of which is difficult to establish.
Technical diagnostics aims to determine the residual life, as well as the scope, methods and frequency of technical examination for the above cases.
96. Choice of the manometer installed on a vessel.
The manometer mounted on the vessel is selected depending on the pressure in the vessel and the height from the viewing platform.
97. Which enterprises can manufacture, reconstruct, install, adjust and repair vessels and their elements? (4.1.1)
Manufacture, reconstruction, installation, adjustment and repair of vessels and their elements must be carried out by specialized organizations that have the technical means necessary for the high-quality performance of work.
98. Where is it allowed to install vessels?
in premises adjacent to industrial buildings, provided that they are separated from the building by a main wall;
in industrial premises in cases stipulated by industry safety rules;
with penetration into the ground, provided that access to the reinforcement is provided and the walls of the vessel are protected from soil corrosion and corrosion by stray currents.
99. The procedure for preparing the vessel for repair.
Before repair, the vessel must be stopped, cooled (warmed), freed from the working medium filling it, disconnected by plugs from all pipelines connecting the vessel to a pressure source or to other vessels. Disconnected pipes must be plugged. Plugs installed between flanges must have a protruding part (shank). Metal vessels must be cleaned down to metal.
100. What passport data is stamped on tanks and barrels by the manufacturer?
manufacturer's name or trademark;
number of the tank, barrel;
year of manufacture and date of examination;
capacity;
mass;
the value of the working and test pressure;
mark of the quality control department of the manufacturer;
date of the conducted and next examination.
101. To which group of vessels does a vessel with a design pressure of 18 kgf / cm², a wall temperature of 200 ° C and a working medium - water belong?
To the 3rd group.
102. Under what conditions is it not necessary to install a safety valve and pressure gauge on a vessel?
If the working pressure of the vessel is equal to or more pressure supply source and in the vessel, the possibility of an increase in pressure from a chemical reaction or heating is excluded, then the installation of a safety valve and a pressure gauge on it is optional.
103. The value of the test pressure during a hydraulic test of the vessel. (4.6.3)
104. What color is the body of the oxygen manometer painted in?
In blue.
105. What is the central angle of the conical unflared bottoms?
No more than 45º.
106. What is the value of the test pressure during a hydraulic test at the manufacturer's plant of a vessel made of casting with a design pressure of 16 MPa and a temperature of +20ºС?
Rpr \u003d 1.5R \u003d 1.5 x 16 \u003d 24 MPa.
107. In what cases should the operation of vessels be prohibited?
if the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel;
when a malfunction of safety devices against pressure increase is detected;
upon detection of leaks, bulges, rupture of gaskets in the vessel and its elements working under pressure;
if the pressure gauge malfunctions and it is impossible to determine the pressure using other instruments;
when the liquid level drops below the permissible level in vessels with fire heating;
in case of failure of all liquid level indicators;
in case of malfunction of safety interlocks;
in the event of a fire that directly threatens the pressure vessel.
108. Where should the organization register the imprint of the hallmark?
In the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
109. What is the responsibility of the person responsible for supervising the technical condition and operation of vessels?
The Supervisor is obliged to:
inspect vessels in working order and check compliance with the established regimes during their operation;
carry out technical inspection of vessels;
exercise control over the preparation and timely presentation of vessels for examination to the inspector of Rostekhnadzor;
keep a book of records of examination of vessels;
control the fulfillment of the instructions issued by him and the instructions of the Rostekhnadzor bodies;
control the timeliness and completeness of scheduled preventive repairs of vessels, as well as compliance with the Rules during repair work;
check compliance with the procedure for allowing workers to service vessels established by the Rules, as well as participate in commissions for certification and periodic testing of knowledge of engineers and maintenance personnel;
check the issuance of instructions to service personnel, as well as the availability of instructions at the workplace;
check the correctness technical documentation during the operation and repair of vessels;
participate in surveys and technical examinations of vessels conducted by the inspector of Rostekhnadzor.
110. What should be the angle of inclination of transition surfaces with different wall thicknesses in butt welded joints? (2.4.8)
The angle of inclination of the surfaces should not exceed 20º.
111. What should be the residual pressure in the cylinder after the release of the gas in it? (10.3.5)
The residual pressure in the cylinder must be at least 0.05 MPa.
112. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of not more than 0.1 mm per year registered with the Rostekhnadzor bodies by the person responsible for supervision and a specialist of the organization? (6.3.2)
At least once every 2 years.
113. Who gives permission for the manufacture of pressure vessels and their elements?
Rostekhnadzor RF.
114. When is the condition of the porous mass in acetylene cylinders checked?
At least after 24 months at filling stations.
115. What is the test pressure of the cylinders set by the manufacturer? (10.2.2)
The test pressure must be at least one and a half working pressure.
116. In what cases is it forbidden to fill cylinders with gas? (10.3.11)
It is forbidden to fill with gas cylinders in which:
the term of the appointed examination has expired;
the period for checking the porous mass has expired;
the cylinder body is damaged;
valves are faulty;
there is no proper coloring or lettering;
there is no excess gas pressure;
no established marks.
117. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of more than 0.1 mm per year registered with the Rostekhnadzor bodies by a supervisory officer and a specialist of the organization? (6.3.2)
External and internal examination once every 12 months.
118. What devices can be installed on vessels if it is necessary to control a liquid that has an interface between media? (5.6.1)
If it is necessary to control the liquid level in vessels with an interface between media, liquid level indicators should be used.
119. The order of registration of vessels in the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
Registration of a vessel is made on the basis of a written application of the owner of the vessel. For registration must be submitted:
passport of the established form;
installation quality certificate;
switching circuit;
safety valve certificate.
The Rostekhnadzor body is obliged to consider the submitted documentation within 5 days. If the documentation for the vessel complies with the requirements of the Rules, the Rostekhnadzor body puts a registration stamp in the vessel passport, seals the documents and returns them to the owner of the vessel. Refusal to register is communicated to the owner in writing, indicating the reasons for the refusal and with reference to the relevant paragraphs of the Rules.
120. What duties are assigned to the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessels?
Responsible must:
inspect vessels in working condition at intervals established by the management of the enterprise;
daily check the entries in the shift journal with a signature in it;
work with staff to improve their qualifications;
participate in technical examinations of vessels;
store passports of vessels and manufacturers' instructions for their installation and operation;
keep records of the operating time of loading cycles of vessels operated in a cyclic mode.
121. What does the company knock out on the cylinder after the examination of the cylinders? (10.2.8)
Round stamp with a diameter of 12 mm; the date of the conducted and next examination.
122. What should be installed between the manometer and the vessel? (5.3.7)
Between the pressure gauge and the vessel, a three-way valve or a device replacing it should be installed, which allows periodic checking of the pressure gauge using a control one.
123. What devices should be used on vessels as safety devices? (5.5.2)
The following are used as safety devices:
spring safety valves;
lever-load safety valves;
impulse safety devices (IPU);
membrane safety devices.
124. What is the scope of control by ultrasonic flaw detection or radiographic method of butt, corner, tee and other joints for vessels of the 3rd group? (4.5.24)
Not less than 50%.
125. When is the inspection of acetylene cylinders carried out?
At least after 5 years at filling stations.
126. On the basis of what regulatory documents is certification of welders carried out? (4.3.3)
Welders certified in accordance with the Rules for Certification of Welders and Welding Production Specialists (PB 03-273-99), approved by Resolution No. 63 of 30.10.98, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 04.03.99, reg. No. 1721.
127. Methods of destructive testing of welded joints. (4.5.39)
Control of mechanical properties, testing for resistance to intergranular corrosion and metallographic examination of welded joints should be carried out on samples made from control welded joints.
128. What diameter should be the hatch in the upper part of the railway tank?
Not less than 450 mm.
129. What rights does the person responsible for supervising the technical condition and operation of vessels have?
The Supervisor has the right to:
issue instructions to eliminate violations that are binding on the heads and engineers of workshops and departments of the enterprise;
submit proposals to the management of the enterprise to eliminate the causes that give rise to violations;
if untrained persons are identified among the service personnel, as well as persons who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge, demand that they be removed from servicing the vessels;
submit proposals to the management of the enterprise on bringing to responsibility the engineers and service personnel who violate the Rules and instructions.
X. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CYLINDERS
10.1. General requirements
10.1.1. Cylinders must be calculated and manufactured in accordance with RD, agreed in the prescribed manner.
10.1.2. Cylinders must have valves tightly screwed into the neck openings or into the filling fittings for special cylinders that do not have a neck.
10.1.3. Cylinders for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases with a capacity of more than 100 liters must be provided with a passport in the form of Appendix 2.
10.1.4. Safety valves must be installed on cylinders with a capacity of more than 100 liters. In case of group installation of cylinders, it is allowed to install a safety valve on the entire group of cylinders.
10.1.5. Cylinders with a capacity of more than 100 liters, installed as consumable containers for liquefied gases, which are used as fuel in cars and other vehicles, in addition to the valve and safety valve, must have an indicator maximum level filling. On such cylinders, it is also possible to install a special filling valve, a valve for sampling gas in a vapor state, an indicator of the level of liquefied gas in a cylinder and a drain plug.
10.1.6. The side fittings of valves for cylinders filled with hydrogen and other combustible gases must have a left-hand thread, and for cylinders filled with oxygen and other non-combustible gases - a right-hand thread.
10.1.7. Each valve of cylinders for explosive combustible substances, harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes according to GOST 12.1.007-76 must be equipped with a plug screwed onto the side fitting.
10.1.8. Valves in oxygen cylinders must be screwed in using sealing materials, the ignition of which in an oxygen environment is excluded.
10.1.9. On the upper spherical part of each cylinder, the following data must be stamped and clearly visible:
The height of signs on cylinders must be at least 6 mm, and on cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 liters - at least 8 mm.
The mass of cylinders, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, is indicated taking into account the mass of the applied paint, cap ring and shoe, if any, provided by the design, but without the weight of the valve and cap.
On cylinders with a capacity of up to 5 liters or with a wall thickness of less than 5 mm, passport data can be stamped on a plate soldered to the cylinder, or applied with enamel or oil paint.
10.1.10 Dissolved acetylene cylinders must be filled with the appropriate amount of porous mass and solvent. For the quality of the porous mass and for the correct filling of the cylinders, the responsibility lies with the organization filling the cylinder with the porous mass. The quality of the solvent and its correct dosage are the responsibility of the organization that fills the cylinders with the solvent.
After filling the cylinders with a porous mass and a solvent, a tare mass is knocked out on its neck (the mass of a cylinder without a cap, but with a porous mass and a solvent, a shoe, a ring and a valve).
10.1.11. The outer surface of the cylinders must be painted in accordance with the table. 17.
Table 17
Coloring and labeling of cylinders
Name of gas | Cylinder coloring | Inscription text | Lettering color | Stripe color |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Nitrogen | Black | Nitrogen | Yellow | Brown |
Ammonia | yellow | Ammonia | Black | " |
crude argon | Black | crude argon | White | White |
Argon technical | " | Argon technical | Blue | Blue |
Argon pure | Gray | Argon pure | Green | Green |
Acetylene | White | Acetylene | Red | " |
Butylene | Red | Butylene | Yellow | Black |
Oil and gas | Gray | Oil and gas | Red | " |
Butane | Red | Butane | White | " |
Hydrogen | dark green | Hydrogen | Red | " |
Air | Black | Compressed air | White | " |
Helium | brown | Helium | " | " |
Nitrous oxide | Gray | Nitrous oxide | Black | " |
Oxygen | blue | Oxygen | " | " |
Medical oxygen | " | Medical oxygen | " | " |
hydrogen sulfide | White | hydrogen sulfide | Red | Red |
Sulfur dioxide | Black | Sulfur dioxide | White | Yellow |
Carbon dioxide | " | Carbon dioxide | Yellow | " |
Phosgene | Protective | " | " | Red |
Freon-11 | Aluminum | Freon-11 | Black | Blue |
Freon-12 | Same | Freon-12 | " | " |
Freon-13 | " | Freon-13 | " | 2 red |
Freon-22 | " | Freon-22 | " | 2 yellow |
Chlorine | Protective | " | " | Green |
Cyclopropane | orange | Cyclopropane | Black | Green |
Ethylene | purple | Ethylene | Red | " |
All other combustible gases | Red | Name of gas | White | " |
All other non-flammable gases | Black | Name of gas | Yellow | " |
Cylinders can be painted and inscribed with oil, enamel or nitro paints.
The coloring of newly manufactured cylinders and the application of inscriptions are carried out by manufacturers, and during operation - by filling stations or test stations.
The color of the color and the text of the inscriptions for cylinders used in special installations or intended for filling with gases for special purposes must be agreed upon in the prescribed manner.
10.1.12. The inscriptions on the cylinders are applied around the circumference for a length of at least 1/3 of the circumference, and the stripes - around the entire circumference, and the height of the letters on cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 liters should be 60 mm, and the width of the strip should be 25 mm. The sizes of inscriptions and stripes on cylinders with a capacity of up to 12 liters should be determined depending on the size of the side surface of the cylinders.
10.2. Cylinder certification
10.2.1. Examination of cylinders can be carried out by filling stations and test points if they have:
When issuing a permit for the survey, the supervisory authorities must register a brand with the appropriate code assigned to this organization (filling station).
10.2.2. Manufacturing quality control, inspection and acceptance of manufactured cylinders are carried out by employees of the manufacturer's technical control department in accordance with the requirements of RD for cylinders.
The value of test pressure and the holding time of cylinders under test pressure are set by the manufacturer for standard cylinders according to state standards, for non-standard - according to technical specifications, while the test pressure must be at least one and a half working pressure.
10.2.3. The test pressure for cylinders made of material with a ratio of tensile strength to yield strength greater than 2 may be reduced to 1.25 times the working pressure.
10.2.4. Cylinders in the manufacturing organization, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, after a hydraulic test, must also be subjected to a pneumatic test with a pressure equal to the working pressure.
For the pneumatic test, the cylinders shall be immersed in a bath of water. Acetylene cylinders must be subjected to a pneumatic test in organizations that fill cylinders with a porous mass. Seamless cylinders with two open necks are not tested for tightness at the manufacturer, except for cylinders designed to work with media of hazard classes 1, 2, 3, 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76.
10.2.5. Cylinders of a new design or cylinders made from previously unused materials must be tested according to a special program, which provides, in particular, for bringing the cylinders to failure, while the safety margin for the minimum value of the metal tensile strength at 20 deg. C should be at least 2.4, converted to the smallest wall thickness without an allowance for corrosion.
10.2.6. The results of the inspection of manufactured cylinders are recorded by the manufacturer's Quality Control Department in the statement, which should contain the following data:
All completed statements must be numbered, laced and kept in the files of the organization's Quality Control Department.
10.2.7. Examination of cylinders, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, includes:
Checking the mass and capacity of seamless cylinders up to 12 liters inclusive and over 55 liters, as well as welded cylinders, regardless of capacity, is not performed.
10.2.8. If the results are satisfactory, the organization in which the survey was carried out stamps on the cylinder its stamp of a round shape with a diameter of 12 mm, the date of the conducted and the next survey (in the same line with the stamp). The brand must have a code assigned by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia to the organization carrying out the certification of cylinders.
The results of the technical examination of cylinders with a capacity of more than 100 liters are entered in the certificate of cylinders. The stamps on the cylinders in this case are not put.
10.2.9. The results of the certification of cylinders, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, are recorded by the person who examined the cylinders in the test log, which has, in particular, the following columns:
10.2.10. The inspection of acetylene cylinders must be carried out at acetylene filling stations at least every 5 years and consists of:
10.2.11. The condition of the porous mass in acetylene cylinders must be checked at filling stations at least every 24 months.
If the porous mass is in a satisfactory condition, the following should be stamped on each cylinder:
10.2.12. Acetylene cylinders filled with a porous mass are tested with nitrogen at a pressure of 3.5 MPa (35 kgf / cm 2) during the survey.
The purity of the nitrogen used for testing cylinders shall not be less than 97% by volume.
10.2.13. The results of the inspection of acetylene cylinders are recorded in the test log, which has, in particular, the following columns:
10.2.14. Inspection of cylinders is carried out in order to identify corrosion, cracks, captivity, dents and other damages on their walls (to determine the suitability of cylinders for further operation).
Before inspection, cylinders must be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed with water, and, if necessary, washed with an appropriate solvent or degassed.
10.2.15. Cylinders in which, when examining the outer and inner surfaces, cracks, caps, dents, bulges, shells and scratches with a depth of more than 10% of the nominal wall thickness, tears and dents, neck thread wear and some passport data are missing, should be rejected.
The weakening of the ring on the neck of the cylinder cannot be the reason for the rejection of the latter. In this case, the cylinder may be allowed for further survey after the ring is fixed or replaced with a new one.
Cylinders with an oblique or weak shoe fitting are not allowed for further examination until the shoe is refitted.
10.2.16. The capacity of a cylinder is determined by the difference between the weight of a cylinder filled with water and the weight of an empty cylinder, or by measuring cups.
10.2.17. Rejection of cylinders based on the results of external and internal examination should be carried out in accordance with the RD for their manufacture.
It is forbidden to use cylinders on which not all the data provided for in clause 10.1.9 of the Rules are stamped.
Fixing or replacement of a loose ring on the neck or shoe must be carried out before the cylinder is surveyed.
10.2.18. Seamless standard cylinders with a capacity of 12 to 55 liters with a decrease in weight by 7.5% or more, as well as with an increase in their capacity by more than 1%, are rejected and withdrawn from service.
10.2.19. Cylinders converted to reduced pressure can be used for filling with gases, the working pressure of which does not exceed the allowable pressure for these cylinders, while they must be stamped with: mass; working pressure P, MPa (kgf / cm 2); test pressure Ppr, MPa (kgf / cm 2); the date of the conducted and next survey and the stamp of the test station.
Previously marked information on the cylinder, with the exception of the cylinder number, the manufacturer's trademark and the date of manufacture, must be hammered.
10.2.20. Rejected cylinders, regardless of their purpose, must be rendered unusable (by notching the neck thread or drilling holes in the body), excluding the possibility of their further use.
10.2.21. Examination of cylinders should be carried out in separate, specially equipped rooms. The air temperature in these rooms should not be lower than 12 degrees. FROM.
For internal inspection of cylinders, it is allowed to use electric lighting with a voltage of not more than 12 V.
When inspecting cylinders filled with explosive gases, the fittings of a hand lamp and its plug connection must be explosion-proof.
10.2.22. Cylinders filled with gas that are in long-term storage, upon the onset of the next period of periodic examination, are subject to examination by a representative of the organization's administration in a random order in the amount of at least 5 pieces. from a batch of up to 100 cylinders, 10 pcs. - from a batch of up to 500 cylinders and 20 pcs. - from a batch of more than 500 cylinders.
With satisfactory results of the survey, the storage period for cylinders is established by the person who performed the survey, but not more than 2 years. The results of the selective survey are documented in the relevant act.
In case of unsatisfactory survey results, the cylinders are re-examined in the same quantity.
In case of unsatisfactory results during the re-examination, further storage of the entire batch of cylinders is not allowed, the gas from the cylinders must be removed within the period specified by the person (representative of the administration) who carried out the examination, after which the cylinders must be subjected to technical examination each separately.
10.3. Cylinder operation
10.3.1. Operation, storage and transportation of cylinders must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the instructions approved in the prescribed manner.
10.3.2. The workers servicing the cylinders must be trained and instructed in accordance with clause 7.2.2 of the Rules. 10.3.3. Cylinders with gases can be stored both in special rooms and in the open air, in the latter case they must be protected from precipitation and sunlight.
Warehousing in one room of cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases is prohibited.
10.3.4. Gas cylinders installed indoors must be at least 1 m away from heating radiators and other heating appliances and stoves and at least 5 m from heat sources with open flames.
10.3.5. During the operation of the cylinders, the gas contained in them must not be completely consumed. The residual gas pressure in the cylinder must be at least 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2).
10.3.6. The release of gases from cylinders into containers with a lower working pressure must be carried out through a reducer designed for this gas and painted in the appropriate color.
The low pressure chamber of the reducer must have a pressure gauge and a spring-loaded safety valve adjusted to the appropriate permitted pressure in the container into which the gas is bypassed.
10.3.7. If it is impossible due to a malfunction of the valves to release gas from the cylinders at the place of consumption, the latter must be returned to the filling station. The release of gas from such cylinders at the filling station must be carried out in accordance with the instructions approved in the prescribed manner.
10.3.8. Filling stations that fill cylinders with compressed, liquefied and soluble gases are required to keep a cylinder filling log, which, in particular, must indicate:
If one of the stations fills cylinders with various gases, then a separate filling log should be kept for each gas.
10.3.9. The filling of cylinders with gases must be carried out according to the instructions developed and approved by the organization in the prescribed manner, taking into account the properties of the gas, local conditions and the requirements of the standard instructions for filling cylinders with gases.
Filling cylinders with liquefied gases must comply with the standards specified in Table. eighteen.
Table 18
Name of gas | Mass of gas per 1 liter of cylinder capacity, kg, no more | Cylinder capacity per 1 kg of gas, l, not less than |
Ammonia | 0,570 | 1,76 |
Butane | 0,488 | 2,05 |
Butylene, isobutylene | 0,526 | 1,90 |
Ethylene oxide | 0,716 | 1,40 |
Propane | 0,425 | 2,35 |
Propylene | 0,445 | 2,25 |
Hydrogen sulfide, phosgene, chlorine | 1,250 | 0,80 |
Carbon dioxide | 0,720 | 1,34 |
Freon-11 | 1,200 | 0,83 |
Freon-12 | 1,100 | 0,90 |
Freon-13 | 0,600 | 1,67 |
Freon-22 | 1,800 | 1,00 |
Methyl chloride, ethyl chloride | 0,800 | 1,25 |
Ethylene | 0,286 | 3,50 |
For gases not listed in this table, the filling rate is set production instructions filling stations.
10.3.10. Cylinders filled with gas must be firmly fixed and tightly attached to the filling ramp.
10.3.11. It is forbidden to fill with gas cylinders in which:
Filling of cylinders in which there is no excess pressure of gases is carried out after their preliminary check in accordance with the instructions of the organization that carries out the filling (filling station).
10.3.12. Changeover of shoes and rings for caps, replacement of valves should be carried out at the points for the examination of cylinders.
The valve after the repair associated with its disassembly must be checked for tightness at operating pressure.
10.3.13. It is allowed to fit the shoes on the cylinders only after the gas has been released, the valves have been turned out and the cylinders have been properly degassed.
Cleaning and painting of gas-filled cylinders, as well as strengthening rings on their necks, is prohibited.
10.3.14. Cylinders with poisonous gases must be stored in special closed rooms, the device of which is regulated by the relevant rules and regulations.
10.3.15. Filled cylinders with shoes on them must be stored in an upright position. To protect against falling, cylinders must be installed in specially equipped nests, cages or protected by a barrier.
10.3.16. Cylinders that do not have shoes may be stored horizontally on wooden frames or racks. When stored in open areas, it is allowed to stack cylinders with shoes in stacks with gaskets made of rope, wooden beams or rubber between horizontal rows.
When stacking cylinders in stacks, the height of the latter should not exceed 1.5 m. Cylinder valves must face the same direction.
10.3.17. Warehouses for storing cylinders filled with gases should be one-story with light-type coatings and not have attic spaces. Walls, partitions, coverings of gas storage warehouses must be made of non-combustible materials of at least II degree of fire resistance; windows and doors should open outward. Window and door glass must be frosted or painted over with white paint. The height of storage facilities for cylinders must be at least 3.25 m from the floor to the lower protruding parts of the roofing.
The floors of warehouses should be flat with a non-slip surface, and warehouses for cylinders with combustible gases - with a surface made of materials that exclude sparking when hit by any objects.
10.3.18. The equipment of warehouses for cylinders with combustible gases must comply with the standards for rooms that are dangerous in relation to explosions.
10.3.19. In warehouses, instructions, rules and posters for handling cylinders in the warehouse should be posted.
10.3.20. Warehouses for cylinders filled with gas must have natural or artificial ventilation in accordance with the requirements of sanitary design standards.
10.3.21. Warehouses for cylinders with explosive and flammable gases must be located in the lightning protection zone.
10.3.22. The storage room for storing cylinders must be divided by fireproof walls into compartments, each of which can store no more than 500 cylinders (40 l) with flammable or toxic gases and no more than 1000 cylinders (40 l) with non-flammable and non-toxic gases.
Compartments for storing cylinders with non-flammable and non-toxic gases can be separated by fireproof partitions with a height of at least 2.5 m with open openings for the passage of people and openings for mechanization. Each compartment must have its own exit to the outside.
10.3.23. Gaps between warehouses for cylinders filled with gases, between warehouses and adjacent industrial buildings, public premises, residential buildings must meet the requirements of RD.
10.3.24. The movement of cylinders at points of filling and consumption of gases should be carried out on trolleys specially adapted for this purpose or with the help of other devices.
10.3.25. Transportation of cylinders filled with gases must be carried out on spring transport or on autocars in a horizontal position, always with gaskets between the cylinders. As gaskets, wooden blocks with cut-out nests for cylinders can be used, as well as rope or rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm (two rings per cylinder) or other gaskets that protect the cylinders from hitting each other. All cylinders during transportation must be stowed with valves in one direction.
It is allowed to transport cylinders in special containers, as well as without containers in a vertical position, always with gaskets between them and protection against a possible fall.
10.3.26. Transportation and storage of cylinders should be carried out with screwed caps.
Transportation of cylinders for hydrocarbon gases is carried out in accordance with the safety rules in the gas industry, approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.
Storage of filled cylinders before issuing them to consumers is allowed without protective caps.
10.3.27. Transportation of cylinders by road, rail, water and air transport must be carried out in accordance with the rules of the relevant ministries and departments.
10.3.28. Control over compliance with the Rules in filling organizations, filling stations and test points should be carried out by an inspector of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.
pressure vessels, are called hermetically sealed containers designed for conducting chemical and thermal processes in them, as well as for storing and transporting compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases and liquids under pressure. These include cylinders, tanks, barrels, pressure chambers operating under excessive pressure, etc.
The main danger in the operation of pressure vessels is their possible destruction and the manifestation of the force of a sudden adiabatic expansion of gases and vapors, the so-called physical explosion. An explosion may damage workers in the form of thermal and chemical burns, mechanical injuries, poisoning in the case of the use of toxic substances, as well as destruction of equipment and premises.
The most common causes of vascular collapse are:
Exceeding the allowable pressure;
Loss of mechanical strength of the vessel material due to corrosion, internal defects, local overheating, etc.;
Malfunction of protective devices;
Incorrect operation.
Due to the high danger of sealed systems operating under excessive internal pressure, their design, construction, manufacture, installation, testing, repair and operation are regulated by the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels PB 03-576-03.
To ensure the safety of operation of pressure vessels, organizations must register them with the Rostekhnadzor authorities and obtain permission to put them into operation. Permission to commission vessels subject to registration with Rostechnadzor is issued by the relevant territorial bodies of Rostechnadzor after satisfactory results of the technical examination.
Technical examination is carried out:
After installation before commissioning;
Periodically during operation;
In necessary cases, an extraordinary (early) examination is carried out.
To ensure the safe maintenance and service of pressure vessels, the following organizational measures are used.
The head of the enterprise (organization-owner of the vessel) appoints by order from among the most experienced engineering and technical workers:
Responsible for the proper maintenance and safe operation of pressure vessels;
Responsible, supervising the technically sound condition and safe operation of vessels.
The following persons are allowed to service this equipment (mandatory):
Reached 18 years of age;
Passed on a special program of theoretical and practical training;
Certified by the commission and having an appropriate certificate for the right to work;
Those who have been instructed at the workplace in the prescribed manner and have received instructions on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels
In all industries, including civil aviation, cylinders with compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases are widely used, which are pressure vessels.
Cylinders are closed metal vessels (standard and non-standard) for storage, transportation of compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases, which are made from seamless pipes.
The immediate causes of explosions of cylinders intended for the storage, transportation and use of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases are:
Heating of cylinders by the sun, open fire;
Fast filling of cylinders when charging;
Falling cylinders and hitting hard objects (surfaces);
The ingress of oils on fittings or the neck of oxygen cylinders;
Poor quality or sedimentation of the porous mass in acetylene cylinders;
Rapid release of gas from cylinders, which can cause sparks in the gas jet;
Erroneous filling of cylinders with gases or liquids for which they are not intended;
The appearance of defects (for example, casting shells, gas pores, cracks, burns, etc.), which reduce the strength characteristics of cylinders and vessels;
Violation of operating modes, etc.
On the upper spherical part of each cylinder, passport data must be clearly marked by branding:
Trademark of the manufacturer;
Balloon number;
The actual weight of the empty cylinder;
Date (month and year) of manufacture and year of the next survey; working pressure P, MPa;
Trial hydraulic pressure, MPa;
Cylinder capacity, l;
Brand of the quality control department of the manufacturer;
Number of standards for cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 liters.
The outer surface of the cylinders must be painted in a conditional distinctive color. For example, oxygen cylinders must be painted blue; compressed air cylinders - in black, etc.
The technical examination of cylinders is carried out by the technical control departments of manufacturers in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels, state standards for cylinders and specifications.
The Administration shall ensure the safe storage of gases in cylinders. With a small number of cylinders, special attention is paid to their fastening (in vertical storage) and protection from precipitation and sunlight. It is forbidden to operate cylinders in which:
The term of the appointed examination has expired;
Hull damaged;
Faulty valves;
There is no proper coloring or lettering;
There is excess gas pressure;
No established stamps.
Compressor is a reciprocating machine for compressing air (gas), which draws air from environment compressing it to a certain pressure. The compressor unit includes a compressor unit with additional systems that supply compressed air (gas) at a certain pressure through the air duct system to workplaces, as well as filling cylinders with compressed air (gas).
The operation of compressor equipment is associated with the occurrence of dangerous and harmful factors due to the presence of moving parts and high pressure in compressors, as well as the possibility of the formation of explosive mixtures. Air compressors are dangerous due to the possibility of the formation of explosive mixtures from the decomposition products of lubricating oils and atmospheric oxygen.
During the operation of the compressor equipment, an excessive increase in pressure is possible. With increasing pressure, if heat is not removed, the temperature of the compressed air (gas) rises sharply, which can lead to an explosion.
The main causes of explosion due to improper operation or installation of compressor units are:
Overheating of the compressor walls due to the high temperature of the compressed air;
Increase in pressure in the compressor cylinders, air ducts or air accumulators above the allowable;
Low quality lubricating oil;
The formation of explosive mixtures in compressed air due to the ingress of oil, fuel or soot;
Poor quality of the pressure vessel wall material;
Intake of polluted air;
Incorrect installation of the compressor unit;
Hydraulic shocks.
Thus, for the safe operation of compressors, it is mainly necessary to ensure rational lubrication, sufficient cooling, as well as air filtration when it is taken from the atmosphere.
Stationary compressor units are placed in special rooms (machine rooms). At the same time, it is forbidden to place them in rooms near which explosive and chemically hazardous dangerous processes that cause corrosion of equipment and adversely affect the human body.
The head of the enterprise operating the compressor unit appoints a person responsible for the correct and safe operation of the unit and air and gas pipelines. It may be a person with a technical education and practical experience compressor operation.
The administration of the enterprise should develop instructions for the safe maintenance of the compressor unit and post it at the workplace. The instruction should set out the procedure for starting and stopping, regulating the operation of the unit, etc. The instruction is approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise operating the compressor unit.
To independent work maintenance of the compressor unit may be allowed to persons not younger than 18 years of age, recognized as fit for health reasons, trained in the appropriate program and having a certificate from the qualification commission for the right to service it.
The knowledge of the personnel servicing compressor units on safety and fire safety requirements must be checked at least once a year by a commission, the composition of which is determined by the order of the head of the enterprise. Persons who have not passed the test are not allowed to work.
Steam (hot water) boiler called a device that has a furnace, heated by the products of the fuel burned in it and designed to produce steam (for heating water) with a pressure above atmospheric, used outside the device itself.
The main causes of steam and hot water boiler explosions are:
Lack of water, leading to overheating of the boiler walls and resulting from faulty water-indicating fittings of pumps, water leakage, inattention of maintenance personnel;
Exceeding the allowable pressure in the boiler due to a malfunction of the boiler control and measuring equipment;
Scale and sludge deposits that cause burnout of the boiler walls;
Corrosion of the metal of the walls and seams leading to local weakening of the boiler walls;
Malfunction of devices supplying the boiler with water;
Violation of the technology of manufacturing and installation of the boiler.
To prevent accidents and in view of the special importance of monitoring and monitoring the safety of boilers, Rostekhnadzor developed the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot Water Boilers.
Creating healthy and safe working conditions in the boiler rooms of transport enterprises, including aviation organizations, is the most important task of industrial safety. Violation of the rules for the safe operation of boilers can cause accidents, which can be accompanied by a fire, and with an increase in pressure, an explosion. Sufficient attention must be paid to the protection of operating personnel from harmful influences high temperature and toxic gases. If the steam boiler explodes, personnel may be seriously injured and burned.
The administration of an organization operating a hazardous production facility, which includes steam and hot water boilers, is obliged to:
Ensure compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" and other federal laws Russian Federation, as well as regulatory documents in the field of industrial safety;
Ensure the staffing of employees associated with the operation of boilers in accordance with established requirements;
Allow to work on steam and hot water boilers persons who meet the qualification requirements and do not have medical contraindications to the specified work, as well as certified and having a certificate for the right to service boilers;
Appoint a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of boilers from among the specialists who have passed the knowledge test in the prescribed manner;
Develop and approve production instructions for personnel servicing boilers;
Provide training and certification of employees in the field of industrial safety;
Ensure the availability and functioning of the necessary instruments and systems for monitoring the operation of boilers;
Carry out examination and diagnostics of boilers within a certain period of time and according to the instructions of Rostekhnadzor and its territorial bodies;
Prevent unauthorized persons from entering the premises where the boilers are located;
Conclude liability risk insurance contracts for causing harm during the operation of a hazardous production facility where boilers are used;
Comply with the orders and instructions of Rostekhnadzor and its territorial bodies and officials given by them in accordance with their powers;
Carry out measures to localize and eliminate the consequences of accidents at boilers, provide assistance government bodies in the investigation of the causes of accidents;
Analyze the causes of accidents and incidents during the operation of boilers, take measures to eliminate them. Keep a record of accidents and incidents at boilers.
In accordance with federal law"On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities" hazardous production facilities that use steam and hot water boilers must be registered in the State Register of Hazardous Production Facilities.
Boilers of all types that are subject to the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot Water Boilers (steam boilers with an operating pressure of more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm 2), hot water boilers with water temperature above 115 0 С).
Each boiler must be subject to a technical examination prior to commissioning, periodically during operation and, if necessary, an extraordinary examination.
Commissioning work on boiler equipment is carried out by a specialized organization for the adjustment of technical devices used at a hazardous production facility.
Permission to operate boilers registered with Rostekhnadzor is issued after commissioning on the basis of the results of the initial technical examination.
Questions for self-control:
1. What are pressure vessels?
2. Name the most common causes of vascular destruction.
3. What measures should the organization take to ensure the safe operation of vessels operating under pressure when they are put into operation?
4. Which cylinders are prohibited for operation?
5. What are the main causes of explosions of compressor units.
6. What are the main causes of explosions in steam and hot water boilers.
7. What measures should the organization take to ensure the safe operation of compressor units?
8. What measures should the organization take to ensure the safe operation of boilers?
Literature: .
The safety requirements for pressure vessels are defined by the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels PB 03-576-03, approved. Decree of the GGTN of the Russian Federation of June 11, 2003 No. 91), Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot Water Boilers. PB 10-574-03, approved. Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated June 11, 2003 No. 88, Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot Water Pipelines. PB 10-573-03, approved. Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated June 11, 2003 No. 90.
The use of pressure vessels requires an engineering solution for a set of labor protection measures in terms of their safe operation:
- the design of vessels must be reliable, ensure safety during operation and provide for the possibility of inspecting, cleaning, washing, purging and repairing vessels; the design of vessels heated by hot gases must ensure reliable cooling of the walls under pressure to the design temperature;
- electrical equipment of vessels and grounding must meet safety requirements.
Safety in the operation of cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases
The organization of the safe operation of the gas facilities on the territory of the medical institution and in the divisions is regulated by the “Safety Rules for Gas Distribution and Gas Consumption Systems (PB 12.529-03, approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated March 18, 2003 No. 9).
Cylinders with liquefied gas are steel cylindrical vessels with a semicircular bottom and a neck for screwing shut-off valves.
Supervision of the vessels is carried out by the head of the laboratory or another person who has completed industrial training in the Code of Criminal Procedure, instructed in the safe maintenance of vessels with liquefied gas.
The following data must be clearly marked on the top of a cylinder intended for the storage and transportation of liquefied gas:
- trademark of the manufacturer;
- cylinder number;
- actual mass of an empty cylinder (kg);
- date (month, year) of manufacture and next examination;
- operating pressure;
- trial hydraulic pressure;
- cylinder capacity (l);
- stamp of the quality control department of the plant;
- standard number for cylinders over 55 liters.
Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination, as well as those who have been trained and certified and who have an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work when operating cylinders with compressed gases.
The person supervising the pressure vessels and the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the cylinders must be appointed by order of the institution from among the engineering and technical workers who have passed the knowledge test in the prescribed manner.
Upon admission to the operation of pressure vessels, a safety briefing is carried out upon employment, then a re-test of knowledge is carried out:
- for responsible persons - at least 1 time in 3 years;
- for service personnel - at least once every 12 months.
Personnel must be provided with overalls, protective equipment in accordance with established standards.
Personnel are required to know how to provide first aid to victims.
Safety requirements for storage and transportation of cylinders:
- filled cylinders with shoes mounted on them must be stored in an upright position. To protect against falling, cylinders must be installed in specially equipped nests, cages or protected by a barrier;
- cylinders without shoes may be stored in a horizontal position on wooden frames or racks. When stored in open areas, it is allowed to stack cylinders with shoes in stacks with gaskets made of rope, wooden beams or rubber between horizontal rows;
- when stacking cylinders in stacks, the height of the latter should not exceed 1.5 m. Cylinder valves should be turned in one direction;
- Cylinders with poisonous gases must be stored in special closed rooms. Cylinders with all other gases can be stored both in special rooms and in the open air, in the latter case they must be protected from precipitation and sunlight. Warehousing in one room of cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases is prohibited;
- movement of cylinders in the building and on the territory should be carried out on carts specially adapted for this purpose or with the help of other devices. Carrying cylinders on the arms and shoulders is prohibited;
- transportation of cylinders filled with gas must be carried out on spring transport or on autocars in a horizontal position, always with gaskets between the cylinders. As gaskets, wooden blocks with cut-out nests for cylinders can be used, as well as rope or rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm (two rings per cylinder) or other gaskets that protect the cylinders from hitting each other. All cylinders during transportation must be stowed with valves in one direction;
- it is allowed to transport cylinders in special containers, as well as without containers in a vertical position, always with gaskets between them and protection against possible falling;
- when loading, unloading, transporting and storing cylinders, measures must be taken to prevent falling and contamination of cylinders;
- transportation and storage of standard cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 liters should be carried out with screwed caps;
- during transportation and storage of cylinders with toxic and combustible gases, plugs must be provided on the side fittings of the valves. Cylinders filled with gases must be protected from sunlight during transportation;
- it is not allowed to get oil (fat) on oxygen cylinders;
- lift gas cylinders to a height in special containers. Do not carry cylinders up ladders or ladders.
Before using a compressed gas cylinder, it must be installed in a vertical position and secured with a clamp, chain or other means. Installation and fastening of the cylinder must exclude the possibility of accidental fall during operation.
Before starting work, it is necessary to check the availability of serviceable, timely tested pressure gauges.
Pressure gauges of pressure vessels are not allowed to work if:
- there is no seal or stamp with a mark on the inspection;
- the pointer, when it is turned off, does not return to the zero position of the scale by an amount exceeding half of the permissible error for this device;
- the glass is broken or there are damages that may affect the correctness of its readings.
Checking pressure gauges with their sealing or branding is carried out at least 1 time in 12 months. In addition, at least once every 6 months, the owner of the vessel performs an additional check of the working pressure gauges with control ones, recording the results in the log of control checks. In the absence of a control pressure gauge, an additional check should be carried out with a tested working pressure gauge that has the same scale and accuracy class with the tested one.
Before opening the cylinder valve, make sure that the hoses, fittings, pipelines are connected securely.
Moving cylinders within the workplace is carried out by tilting in a slightly inclined position, screwing and unscrewing the cap from the cylinder with a special key, without using percussion or other tools. If the cap does not screw on, send the cylinder to the warehouse.
Gas cylinders installed indoors must be at least 1 m away from radiators and other heating appliances, and at least 5 m away from open flame heat sources.
The release of gases from cylinders into containers with a lower pressure must be carried out through a reducer designed exclusively for this gas and painted in the appropriate color. The low pressure chamber of the reducer must have a pressure gauge and a spring-loaded safety valve adjusted to the appropriate permitted pressure in the container into which the gas is bypassed.
Cylinder valves should be opened and closed manually, or with a special key made of soft non-ferrous metal with a handle no longer than 200 mm. When opening the valve, personnel must be away from the outlet of the valve.
Do not allow gas cylinders to come into contact with electrical wiring.
Cleaning and painting of gas-filled cylinders, as well as strengthening rings on their necks, is prohibited.
Empty cylinders should be protected from mechanical damage and contamination.
The operation of the vessel is prohibited:
- if defects are found in the cylinder body (shells, cracks, changes in shape, dents with a depth of more than 10% of the wall thickness);
- at high temperature environment (over 30º C);
- when the cylinder is heated by sunlight or heat-radiating surfaces;
- in case of depressurization of the vessel;
- in case of malfunction of control and measuring equipment;
- in the event of a fire that directly threatens the vessel;
- after the pressure vessel has been dropped or hit.
Personnel are prohibited from:
- unauthorized connection or disconnection of liquefied gas cylinders to gas pipeline fittings;
- to carry out any repairs of liquefied gas vessels indoors or on their own, without the involvement of relevant specialists.
When emergency follows:
- stop work;
- warn workers of the danger;
- in case of accidents with people, provide them with first aid, immediately notify the work manager, maintain the situation in which the accident occurred.
Safety requirements for the operation of medical oxygen equipment
Work related to the acceptance, dispatch, storage, transportation and operation of oxygen cylinders is allowed to persons at least 18 years old who have passed all types of safety briefings, technical training, passed an exam and have a certificate for the right to operate oxygen cylinders.
Re-examination of knowledge is carried out by the commission every 12 months. Persons who have not been retested are prohibited from operating oxygen cylinders and oxygen equipment.
Personnel are provided with overalls, protective equipment in accordance with established standards.
The staff undergoes an annual medical examination. Persons who do not have contraindications for health reasons are allowed to work.
Personnel must be proficient in first aid for injuries.
Pure oxygen is the strongest oxidizing agent. Oxygen in contact with oils leads to ignition and explosion. Oxygen in contact with most substances and materials forms combustible and explosive mixtures.
The oxygen in the cylinder is under pressure of 160 kg/cm2, so the cylinders must be protected from:
- sharp blows and pushes;
- bright sunlight (store under a canopy);
- open source of fire (not less than 5 m);
- heating devices (not less than 1 m);
- precipitation, oils and other sources of pollution.
Safe limit of air enrichment with oxygen at leaks of 23% by volume.
The point of installation of the oxygen cylinder must be provided with means to prevent the cylinders from falling (nests, clamps); during the elimination of fires - sand, fire extinguisher OP-5.
The cylinder must be delivered to the institution painted blue, with a black inscription "MEDICAL OXYGEN". The place of branding of the cylinder is marked with a yellow border.
The cylinder must have a clear branding indicating the year of manufacture, the serial number of the cylinder, the working pressure, the date of examination and the date of the next test.
The cylinder must be equipped with a shoe and a protective cap. The container must be free of oil, grease and other contaminants.
When accepting cylinders, it is necessary to carry out the appropriate registration in a special journal.
The reducer, as well as the oxygen cylinder, must be painted blue, equipped with an oxygen manometer marked on the scale “OXYGEN. OIL DANGEROUS. Other pressure gauges and reducers must not be used.
Checking of pressure gauges and oxygen equipment is carried out once every 12 months by medical equipment maintenance specialists or in a specialized organization with flushing. In addition, the pressure gauges are checked with a control pressure gauge once every 6 months, which should be recorded in a special journal.
Do not use defective oxygen equipment or equipment that has expired.
Filling the oxygen bag directly from the oxygen cylinder is prohibited.
Cylinder valves should be opened and closed manually, or with a special key made of soft non-ferrous metal with a handle no longer than 20 cm.
Cylinder valves should be opened slowly and smoothly, as sudden opening can cause gas shock and sparks from static electricity.
When opening the valve, personnel must be away from the outlet of the valve.
When operating oxygen cylinders and oxygen equipment, the threaded connections of the cylinders should be constantly checked. To detect oxygen leaks, use only water solution laundry soap.
If oxygen leaks or other malfunctions are detected, stop work, close the cylinder valve and call a representative of the medical equipment service organization.
The oxygen storage and distribution point must be kept in proper sanitary and technical condition (clean, without traces of rust and other contaminants). It is necessary to lubricate door hinges only with vacuum lubrication according to OST 38 0183-75.
It is forbidden to leave filled cylinders unattended, use rubber tubes for oxygen lines and oxygen extraction. It is forbidden for service personnel to disassemble and repair cylinders, pressure gauges, oxygen pipelines, hoses and other oxygen fittings. These works are carried out in a specialized organization.
Any malfunction in the oxygen system should close the cylinder valve and notify the medical device service organization.
In the event of an accident, you must:
- take measures to evacuate people from the emergency zone;
- urgently provide medical care victims;
- in the event of a fire, call "01".
Safety requirements for the operation of medical steam sterilizers
Steam sterilizers of domestic and foreign production are designed for sterilization with saturated water steam under pressure of dressings, surgical underwear, medical instruments, surgical gloves, vials with solutions and other products medical purpose located in healthcare institutions and organizations.
Potentially dangerous when operating steam sterilizers are:
- high pressure;
- electricity;
- heat;
- noise;
- humid environment.
The operation of sterilizers is prohibited:
- in the absence of a certificate of examination of the sterilizer and the premises where the sterilizers are installed;
- in the absence of an order from the institution to open a sterilization department and put the sterilizer into operation;
- work on sterilizers that have not passed the test for compliance with the requirements of the technical examination within the established time limits.
During the operation of sterilizers it is prohibited:
- make changes in the design of the sterilizer during installation, repair and operation;
- allow technical and medical personnel who have not been trained to operate steam sterilizers.
Responsibility for the implementation of regulations rests with the head of the institution and persons responsible for the supervision and safe operation of sterilizers, appointed by order of the head of the medical institution.
During the operation of steam sterilizers, personnel are prohibited from:
- leave the sterilizer unattended in working condition;
- operate the sterilizer without grounding;
- operate the sterilizer with a faulty condition or an unadjusted safety valve, with faulty blocking devices, indicating and electrocontact pressure gauges, as well as after the expiration of their verification period;
- loosen the fastening of the element of the cover or doors of the sterilization chamber in the presence of pressure in it.
Entry into the sterilization room during the operation of the sterilizer is allowed only for service personnel, as well as persons supervising the operation of the sterilizers.
It is forbidden to carry out work not related to the operation or repair of sterilizers, as well as to store foreign objects that clutter up and pollute the premises.
The operation of the sterilizer is allowed for persons over 18 years of age who have a medical education, have been trained in the rules for the operation of sterilizers according to a special program with a certificate, have passed a medical examination and have no contraindications for health reasons, and have 1 electrical safety group.
Personnel are required to undergo an annual knowledge test with a mark in the certificate of attestation.
Personnel must be provided with personal protective equipment in accordance with established standards.
The opening of a sterilization department and the commissioning of sterilizers is allowed after the elimination of all comments by the commission for examining sterilization rooms, appointed by order of the employer, and the issuance of an order for a medical institution to organize supervision and safe operation of sterilizers. Persons designated as responsible for the supervision and safe operation of sterilizers must receive appropriate training from organizations licensed for this species activities.
Each sterilizer, after its installation, must have a plate indicating the registration number of the registration and examination of the sterilizers, the permitted pressure, the day, month and year of the next internal inspection and hydraulic test.
In order to reflect reliable information about the technical condition of sterilization equipment, its correct and safe operation by maintenance personnel, sterilization departments must have a register of sterilization cycles, a journal of briefings at the workplace, instructions for labor protection, a memo-recommendation for the correct loading of a steam sterilizer, passport on the sterilizer and other operational documents.
For the safe operation of sterilizers, the requirements for sterilization rooms include:
- the presence in the premises of natural and artificial lighting, transoms or vents on the windows, supply and exhaust ventilation;
- the door must be opened from the room and must not be locked during the operation of the sterilizer. Doors must not be glazed. The floor must be of non-conductive materials. Mandatory presence of dielectric mats;
- coating and painting of walls, ceilings, floors must be resistant to sanitation products. Wall cladding (to a height of less than 1.8 m from the floor level) - glazed tiles. The use of nitro paints is prohibited;
- turning on the sterilizer through the socket is prohibited. It is necessary to have an autonomous knife switch or automatic switch installed at a distance of 1.6 m from the floor level and no further than 1 m from the sterilizer;
- all sterilizers must be grounded. Protective ground bus with a resistance of not more than 10 ohms;
- the escape route must be at least 2 m.
Sterilization departments are not allowed to be placed in basements and basement floors. There should be no temporary (plywood, glass, etc.) partitions in the sterilization room. It is forbidden to carry out sterilization work that is not related to the operation or repair of sterilizers.
Be sure to have diffusers in lighting fixtures with incandescent lamps.
A general switch for electricity consumers is installed in front of the entrance to the sterilization room. There must be a fire alarm, external and internal telephone communication. Failure to comply with the operating rules and safety requirements when working on steam sterilizers can lead to electric shock, burns from touching the heated parts of the sterilizer and sterilized objects, steam burns when the sterilization chamber and fittings are depressurized, mechanical injuries when sterilizing vials with solutions.
Protective measures to eliminate hazardous and harmful production factors include: compliance with safety rules by personnel, development of instructions, availability of protective equipment, etc.
INSTRUCTIONS
ON LABOR SAFETY No. __________
WHEN USE OF CYLINDERS
1. General provisions
1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.
1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Model regulations on training on labor protection", DNAOP 0.00-1.07-94 "Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels", "Fire safety rules in Ukraine".
1.3. According to this instruction, the worker is instructed before starting work at the enterprise (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (repeated briefing). The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues." After passing the briefing, the log must contain the signatures of the instructing and the worker.
1.4. The owner must insure the worker against accidents and occupational diseases. In case of damage to health due to the fault of the owner, he (the worker) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.
1.5. For non-compliance with this instruction, the worker bears disciplinary, financial, administrative and criminal liability.
1.6. Cylinder maintenance is allowed for persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, training in a special program, are certified and have a certificate for the right to service them, induction training on labor protection and on-the-job training.
1.7. Periodic testing of the knowledge of workers servicing cylinders is carried out at least once every 12 months.
1.8. An unscheduled knowledge test is carried out:
When moving to another company;
In case of changes in the instructions for the mode and safe maintenance of cylinders;
At the request of an inspector of Gosnadzorohrantruda or a person responsible for supervising the technical condition and operation of cylinders.
1.9. In the event of a break in work on servicing cylinders for more than 12 months, the worker, after testing his knowledge, must undergo an internship before being admitted to independent work.
1.10. Admission to independent maintenance of cylinders is issued by order of the enterprise.
1.11. Instructions for the safe maintenance of cylinders must be handed out against receipt or posted at the workplace.
1.12. The worker serving the cylinders must:
1.12.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.
1.12.2. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues.
1.12.3. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.
1.12.4. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.
1.12.5. Keep the workplace clean and tidy.
1.12.6. Comply with the Rules for the operation, transportation and storage of cylinders.
1.13. Cylinders must have valves tightly screwed into the neck openings or into the filling fittings for special cylinders that do not have a neck.
1.14. Cylinders for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases with a capacity of more than 100 liters must be provided with a passport.
1.15. Safety valves must be installed on cylinders with a capacity of more than 100 liters. In case of group installation of cylinders, it is allowed to install a safety valve on the entire group of cylinders.
1.16. Side fittings of valves for cylinders that are filled with hydrogen and other combustible gases must have a left-hand thread; and for cylinders that are filled with oxygen and other non-combustible gases - right-hand thread.
1.17. Each valve of cylinders for explosive combustible substances, harmful substances 1 and 2 hazard classes must be provided with a plug that is screwed onto the side fitting.
1.18. Valves in oxygen cylinders must be screwed in using sealing materials, the ignition of which in an oxygen environment is excluded.
1.19. On the upper spherical part of each metal cylinder, the following data must be stamped (clearly visible):
Trademark of the manufacturer;
Balloon number;
The actual mass of an empty cylinder (kg): for cylinders with a capacity of up to 12 liters inclusive - with an accuracy of 0.1 kg, over 12 to 55 liters inclusive - with an accuracy of 0.2 kg; the mass of cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 liters is indicated in accordance with regulatory documentation(ND) for their manufacture;
Date (month, year) of manufacture and next examination;
Working pressure (P), MPa (kgf / cm 2);
Trial hydraulic pressure (P), MPa (kgf / cm 2);
Cylinder capacity, l: for cylinders with a capacity of up to 12 liters inclusive - nominal; for cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 to 55 liters inclusive - actual with an accuracy of 0.3 liters; for cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 l - respectively, RD for their manufacture;
The stamp of the technical control department (OTC) of the manufacturer is round in shape with a diameter of 10 mm (with the exception of standard cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 l);
Standard number for cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 liters.
1.20. The height of signs on cylinders must be at least 5 mm, and on cylinders with a capacity of 55 liters - at least 8 mm.
1.21. The mass of cylinders, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, is indicated taking into account the mass of the applied paint, the ring for the cap and shoe, if such are provided for by the design, but without the mass of the valve and cap.
1.22. On cylinders with a capacity of up to 5 liters or a wall thickness of less than 5 mm, passport data can be stamped on a plate soldered to the cylinder, or applied with enamel or oil paint.
1.23. Dissolved acetylene cylinders must be filled with the appropriate amount of porous mass and solvent in accordance with the standard. For the quality of the porous mass and for the correct filling of the cylinders, the responsibility lies with the company that fills the cylinder with the porous mass. The company that fills the cylinders with the solvent is responsible for the quality of the solvent and for its correct dosing. After filling the cylinders with a porous mass and a solvent, a tare mass is knocked out on its neck (the mass of a cylinder without a cap, but with a porous mass and a solvent, a shoe, a ring and a valve).
1.24. The inscriptions on the cylinders are applied along the circumference for a length of at least 1/3 of the circumference, and the stripes - along the entire circumference, and the height of the letters on cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 liters should be 60 mm, and the width of the strip - 25 mm.
The sizes of inscriptions and stripes on cylinders with a capacity of up to 12 liters should be determined depending on the area of the side surface of the cylinders.
1.25. The outer surface of the cylinders must be painted according to table 1.
Table 1
Coloring and labeling of cylinders
Gas name |
Color cylinders |
Text inscriptions |
Color inscriptions |
Stripe color |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Nitrogen |
Black |
Nitrogen |
Yellow |
Brown |
Ammonia |
Yellow |
Ammonia |
Black |
- |
crude argon |
Black |
crude argon |
White |
White |
Argon technical |
Black |
crude argon |
Blue |
Blue |
Argon pure |
Grey |
Argon pure |
Green |
Green |
Acetylene |
White |
Acetylene |
Red |
- |
Butylene |
Red |
Butylene |
Yellow |
Black |
Table 1 continued
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Oil and gas |
Grey |
Oil and gas |
Red |
- |
Butane |
Red |
Butane |
White |
- |
Hydrogen |
dark green |
Hydrogen |
Red |
- |
Air |
Black |
Compressed air |
White |
- |
Helium |
Brown |
Helium |
White |
- |
nitrous oxide |
Grey |
nitrous oxide |
Black |
- |
Oxygen |
Blue |
Oxygen |
Black |
- |
Medical oxygen |
Blue |
Medical oxygen |
Black |
- |
hydrogen sulfide |
White |
hydrogen sulfide |
Red |
Red |
Sulfur dioxide |
Black |
Sulfur dioxide |
White |
Yellow |
Carbon dioxide |
Black |
Carbon dioxide |
Yellow |
- |
Phosgene |
Protective |
- |
- |
Red |
Freon 11 |
Aluminum |
Freon 11 |
Black |
Blue |
Freon 12 |
Aluminum |
Freon 12 |
Black |
- |
Freon 1Z |
Aluminum |
Freon 13 |
Black |
2 red |
Freon 22 |
Aluminum |
Freon 22 |
Black |
2 yellow |
Chlorine |
Protective |
- |
- |
Green |
Cyclopropane |
Orange |
Cyclopropane |
Black |
- |
Ethylene |
Violet |
Ethylene |
Red |
|
All other combustible gases |
Red |
Gas name |
White |
- |
All other non-flammable gases |
Black |
Gas name |
Yellow |
- |
1.26. Cylinders can be painted and inscribed with oil, enamel or nitro paints. The painting of newly manufactured cylinders and the application of inscriptions is carried out by manufacturers, and during operation - by filling stations or test points. Marking and painting of non-metallic cylinders must be carried out in accordance with the specifications for the cylinder.
1.27. The main dangerous and harmful factors of production acting on the worker servicing the cylinders:
Gas contamination of the working area;
Insufficient illumination of the working area;
Violation of the rules for the transportation of cylinders;
Violation of the rules for storing cylinders;
1.28. Workers servicing cylinders are provided with overalls:
Cotton overalls;
Canvas mittens;
Boots are leather;
In winter, additionally: a jacket and trousers made of cotton with an insulated lining.
2. Examination of cylinders
2.1. Examination of cylinders, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, includes:
2.1.1. Inspection of the inner and outer surface of the cylinders.
2.1.2. Check weight and capacity.
2.1.3. Hydraulic test.
Checking the mass and capacity of seamless cylinders with a capacity of up to 12 liters inclusive and over 55 liters, as well as welded cylinders, regardless of capacity, is not carried out.
2.2. If the results are satisfactory, the enterprise where the survey was carried out stamps on the cylinder its stamp of a round shape with a diameter of 12 mm, the date of the conducted and the next survey (in the same row with the stamp). The results of the technical examination of cylinders with a capacity of more than 100 liters are entered in the certificate of cylinders. The stamps on the cylinders in this case are not put.
2.3. The results of the examination of cylinders, with the exception of cylinders for acetylene, are recorded by the person who carried out the examination of the cylinders in the test log.
2.4. Inspection of acetylene cylinders should be carried out at acetylene filling stations at least every 5 years and consist of:
2.4.1. Inspection of the outer surface.
2.4.2. Porous mass checks.
2.4.3. Pneumatic test.
2.5. The condition of the porous mass in acetylene cylinders must be checked at filling stations at least every 24 months.
If the porous mass is in a satisfactory condition, the following should be stamped on each cylinder:
2.5.1. Year and month of porous mass inspection.
2.5.2. Stamp of the filling station.
2.5.3. Stamp (diameter 12 mm with the image of the letters PM), which certifies the verification of the porous mass.
2.6. Acetylene cylinders filled with a porous mass are subjected to a nitrogen test at a pressure of 3.5 MPa (35 kgf / m 2) during the survey.
The purity of the nitrogen used for testing cylinders must be at least 97% by volume.
2.7. The results of the inspection of cylinders for acetylene are recorded in the test log.
2.8. Inspection of cylinders is carried out in order to detect corrosion, cracks, dents and other damages on their walls (to determine the suitability of cylinders for further operation). Before inspection, cylinders must be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed with water, and, if necessary, washed with an appropriate solvent or degassed.
2.9. Cylinders in which, during the review of the outer and inner surfaces, cracks, dents, shells and scratches with a depth of more than 10% of the nominal wall thickness, tears and dents, wear of the neck thread, and also on which some passport data are missing, should be rejected.
2.10. The weakening of the ring on the neck of the cylinder cannot serve as a reason for rejecting the latter. In this case, the cylinder may be allowed for further survey after the ring is fixed or replaced with a new one.
2.11. A cylinder with an oblique or weak shoe nozzle is not allowed for further examination up to the shoe nozzle.
2.12. The capacity of the cylinder is determined by the difference between the weight of the cylinder filled with water and the weight of the empty cylinder or using measuring cups.
2.13. Rejection of cylinders based on the results of external and internal inspection should be carried out in accordance with the RD for their manufacture.
2.14. It is forbidden to use cylinders on which not all the data provided for in clause 1.19 are stamped.
2.15. Fixing or replacement of a loose neck ring or shoe must be carried out before the cylinder is surveyed.
2.16. Seamless standard cylinders with a capacity of 12 to 55 liters with a decrease in weight from 7.5 to 10% or an increase in their capacity in the range from 1.5 to 2% are transferred to a pressure reduced by 15% compared to the first set.
In the event of a decrease in mass from 10 to 13.5% or an increase in their capacity within the limits of 2 to 2.5%, the cylinders are transferred to a pressure reduced by at least 50% compared to the established one.
In the event of a decrease in mass from 13.5 to 16% or an increase in their capacity in the range from 2.5 to 3%, cylinders can be allowed to operate at a pressure of not more than 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm 2).
In the event of a decrease in mass by more than 16%, or an increase in their capacity by more than 3%, the cylinders are rejected.
2.17. Cylinders converted to reduced pressure can be used for filling with gases, the working pressure of which does not exceed the allowable pressure for these cylinders, while they must be stamped with: mass; working pressure (Rrab.), MPa (kgf / cm 2); test pressure (Rprob.), MPa (kgf / cm 2); date of the conducted and next survey and the stamp of the point that carried out the test.
Brands on the cylinder, applied earlier, with the exception of the number of the cylinder, the trademark of the manufacturer and the date of manufacture, must be hammered.
2.18. Rejected cylinders, regardless of their purpose, must be rendered unusable (by applying notches on the neck thread or drilling holes on the body), excluding the possibility of their further operation.
2.19. Examination of cylinders should be carried out in separate specially equipped rooms. The air temperature in these rooms should not be lower than 12°C.
For internal examination of cylinders, it is allowed to use electric lighting with a voltage of not more than 12 V.
When inspecting cylinders filled with explosive gases, the fittings of the hand lamp and its plug connection must be explosion-proof.
2.20. Gas-filled cylinders that are in long-term storage, upon the onset of the next period of periodic examination, are subject to examination by a representative of the administration on a selective basis, in an amount of at least 5 pcs. - from a batch of up to 100 cylinders, 10 pcs. - from a batch of up to 500 cylinders and 20 pcs. - from a batch of more than 500 cylinders. If the results of the survey are satisfactory, the storage period for cylinders is set by the person carrying out the survey, but not more than 2 years. The results of the selective survey are documented in the relevant act.
In case of unsatisfactory survey results, the cylinders are re-examined in the same quantity. In case of unsatisfactory results during the re-survey, further storage of the entire batch of cylinders is not allowed, the gas from the cylinders must be removed within the period specified by the person (representative of the administration) carrying out the survey, after which all cylinders must be individually examined.
3. Operation of cylinders
3.1. The operation, storage and transportation of cylinders at the enterprise must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the instructions approved in the prescribed manner.
3.2. Cylinder service personnel must be trained and instructed in this manual.
3.3. During the operation of the cylinders, it is forbidden to completely exhaust the gas contained in them. The residual gas pressure in the cylinder must be at least 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2).
3.4. The release of gas from cylinders into containers with a lower working pressure must be carried out through a reducer designed for this gas and painted in the appropriate color.
The low pressure chamber of the reducer must have a pressure gauge and a spring-loaded safety valve adjusted to the appropriate permitted pressure in the vessel into which the gas is vented.
3.5. If it is impossible due to a malfunction of the valves to release gas from the cylinders to the place of consumption, the latter must be returned to the filling station. The release of gas from such cylinders at the filling station must be carried out in accordance with the instructions approved in the prescribed manner.
3.6. The filling of cylinders with gas must be carried out according to the instructions developed and approved in the prescribed manner, taking into account the properties of the gas, local conditions and the requirements of the instructions for filling gas cylinders. The filling of cylinders with liquefied gas must comply with the standards specified in Table 2.
For gas not listed in this table, the filling rate is set by the production instructions of the filling stations.
3.7. Filling stations that fill cylinders with compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases are required to keep a cylinder filling log, which, in particular, must indicate:
1) date of filling;
2) cylinder number;
3) date of survey;
4) mass of gas (liquefied) in a cylinder, kg;
5) signature of the person who filled the balloon.
If one enterprise fills cylinders with different gases, then a separate filling log should be kept for each gas.
table 2
Norms for filling cylinders with liquefied gases
Name gas |
Mass of gas per 1 liter cylinder capacity, kg, no more |
bottle capacity, per 1 kg of gas, l, not less than |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Ammonia |
0,570 |
1,76 |
Butane |
0,488 |
2,05 |
Butylene, isobutylene |
0,526 |
1,90 |
Ethylene oxide |
0,716 |
1,40 |
Propane |
0,425 |
2,35 |
Propylene |
0,445 |
2,25 |
Hydrogen sulfide, phosgene, chlorine |
1,250 |
0,80 |
Carbon dioxide |
0,720 |
1,34 |
Continuation of table 2
1 |
2 |
3 |
Freon 11 |
1,2 |
0,83 |
Freon 12 |
1,1 |
0,90 |
Freon 13 |
0,6 |
1,67 |
Freon-22 |
1,8 |
1,0 |
Methyl chloride, ethyl chloride |
0,8 |
1,25 |
Ethylene |
0,286 |
3,5 |
3.8. Cylinders filled with gas must be securely fastened and tightly attached to the filling rail.
3.9. It is forbidden to fill gas cylinders in which:
3.9.1. The due date for the inspection has expired.
3.9.2. The deadline for checking the porous mass has expired.
3.9.3. Damaged tank body.
3.9.4. Valves faulty.
3.9.5. No proper coloring or lettering.
3.9.6. There is no excess gas pressure.
3.9.7. No established stamps.
Filling of cylinders in which there is no excess pressure of gases is carried out after their preliminary check in accordance with the instructions of the filling company (filling station).
3.10. Attachment of shoes and rings for caps, replacement of valves can be carried out at the points of inspection of cylinders.
The valve after the repair associated with its disassembly must be checked for tightness at operating pressure.
3.11. It is allowed to fit the shoes on the cylinders only after the gas has been released, the valves have been unscrewed and the cylinders have been properly degassed. Cleaning and painting of gas-filled cylinders, as well as fixing rings on their necks, is prohibited.
3.12. Gas cylinders installed indoors must be at least 1 m away from radiators and other heating appliances and stoves and at least 5 m away from open flame heat sources.
4. Cylinder storage
4.1. Gas cylinders can be stored both in special rooms and in the open air, in the latter case they must be protected from precipitation and sunlight.
Warehouses and open areas should be located at a distance of at least 20 m from other warehouses, 50 m from residential buildings and 100 m from public buildings.
Warehousing in one room of cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases is prohibited.
4.2. Poison gas cylinders must be stored in special closed rooms, the design of which is regulated by the relevant rules and regulations.
4.3. Filled cylinders with shoes on them must be stored in an upright position. To prevent falling, cylinders must be installed in specially equipped nests, cages or enclosed with a barrier.
4.4. Cylinders without shoes may be stored horizontally on wooden frames or racks. During storage in open areas, it is allowed to stack cylinders with shoes in stacks with gaskets made of rope, wooden beams or rubber between horizontal rows. When stacking cylinders, the height of the latter should not exceed 1.5 m. Cylinder valves should be turned in one direction. Between the stacks there should be a passage of 1-1.5 m.
4.5. Warehouses for storing cylinders filled with gases should be one-story, with light-type coatings and not have attic spaces. Walls, partitions, coverings of gas storage warehouses must be made of non-combustible materials of at least II degree of fire resistance; windows and doors should open outward. Glass on windows and doors must be frosted or painted white. The height of storage facilities for cylinders must be at least 3.2 m from the floor to the lowest protruding parts of the roofing. The floors of warehouses must be flat with a non-slip surface, and warehouses for cylinders with combustible gases - with a surface made of materials that exclude the formation of sparks when hit by any object.
4.6. Warehouse lighting for flammable gas cylinders must comply with the regulations for hazardous areas.
4.7. Warehouses must be posted with instructions, rules and posters for handling cylinders in the warehouse.
4.8. Warehouses for cylinders filled with gas must have natural or artificial ventilation in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards for the design of industrial premises.
4.9. Warehouses for cylinders with explosive and flammable gases must be located in the lightning protection zone.
4.10. Warehouse for storage of cylinders must be divided by non-combustible walls into compartments, in each of which it is allowed to store no more than 500 cylinders (40 l) with flammable or poisonous gases and no more than 1000 cylinders (40 l) with non-flammable and non-toxic gases.
Compartments for storing cylinders with non-flammable and non-toxic gases must be separated by non-combustible partitions with a height of at least 2.5 m with open openings for the passage of people and openings for mechanization. Each compartment must have its own exit to the outside.
4.11. Gaps between warehouses for cylinders filled with gases, between warehouses and adjacent industrial buildings, public premises, residential buildings must meet the requirements of RD.
4.12. Cylinders that are found to be leaking gas must be immediately removed from the warehouse to a safe place.
4.13. The storage room for combustible gases must be equipped with gas analyzers, and in their absence, the facility administration must establish a procedure for taking and monitoring air samples.
4.14. Warehouses for the storage of cylinders with combustible gases must have permanently operating forced ventilation to ensure a safe concentration of gases.
In these warehouses, only water, low-pressure steam or air heating is allowed.
On the door (gate) of warehouses for gas cylinders it is necessary to hang out signs indicating the extinguishing agent that is allowed to be used during a fire.
Service personnel must be aware of the fire hazard of gas stored in a warehouse, the procedure for evacuating cylinders and the rules for extinguishing combustible gases.
4.15. Not allowed:
4.15.1. Storage of any foreign substances, materials, equipment, objects in gas cylinder warehouses.
4.15.2. Transportation and storage of gas cylinders without protective caps and plugs screwed onto fittings.
4.15.3. Storage of cylinders with a damaged body (dents, cracks, corrosion, etc.), as well as with an overdue period of periodic inspection.
4.15.4. Storage of cylinders with combustible gases and oxidizing agents in rooms that are not special cylinder warehouses.
4.15.5. Placing in one compartment of the warehouse more than 500 cylinders with flammable or poisonous gases, 1000 cylinders with non-flammable and non-toxic gases; storage in the warehouse building of more than 3,000 cylinders (in terms of 40 liters).
4.15.6. The entrance to the warehouse of cylinders with combustible gases of persons in shoes lined with metal nails or horseshoes.
4.15.7. Exceeding the established norms for filling cylinders with compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas (the filling norm and methods for its control should be noted in the instructions).
4.15.8. Cylinders hitting one against the other during loading, unloading and storage, caps and cylinders falling to the floor.
4.16. If the temperature in the warehouse rises above 35°C, it is necessary to turn on supply and exhaust ventilation and take measures to cool the cylinders by covering them with a wet tarpaulin.
4.17. It is forbidden to store combustible materials and carry out work with open fire near the warehouse with cylinders at a distance of less than 10 m.
4.18. Checking the condition of stored cylinders should be done daily.
4.19. If the cylinders are damaged or gas is released from them, it is necessary:
4.19.1. Cylinders with non-flammable and non-poisonous gases should be moved aside and placed on the ground.
4.19.2. Cylinders with combustible gases should be moved to a distance of at least 100 m from residential and industrial buildings, while carefully eliminating the possibility of flashing gases from a spark or other sources of fire, and establish monitoring of the exit from gas cylinders until the hissing or odor completely stops.
4.19.3. Cylinders with toxic gases should be moved from residential and industrial buildings at a distance of at least 100 m and lowered with a valve down (cylinders with ammonia - into a barrel with water, with chlorine - into a barrel with lime mortar).
4.20. Persons who are allowed to neutralize cylinders with combustible and poisonous gases must be provided with overalls and a brand A filtering gas mask.
Work to eliminate the outflow of chlorine should be carried out in hose gas masks PSh-1, insulating gas masks KOP-6 or KOP-7.
4.21. Joint storage of cylinders with ammonia and cylinders with inert gases is allowed ( carbon dioxide, nitrogen). Ammonia cylinders must not collide.
4.22. When sending cylinders filled with ammonia to the filling plant due to a malfunction, the cylinders must be marked with a warning message "Faulty, with ammonia" and a message on the accompanying sheet about the malfunction of the cylinders and the presence of ammonia in them.
4.23. Joint storage in one stack of empty and filled cylinders, as well as cylinders with different gases (of different colors) is not allowed.
4.24. Joint storage (in the same room) of cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases (chlorine, hydrogen, etc.) is not allowed.
5. Transportation of cylinders
5.1. Before starting loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to make sure that the incoming gas cylinders are in good condition, that there is a warranty sticker or a seal on the safety cap, and that there is a signal color. All cylinders must bear the standard stamp, the inspection date and the subsequent test date,
5.2. Transportation of cylinders on the territory of the enterprise should be carried out on special trolleys.
Manual transfer of cylinders is allowed if there are devices that ensure complete safety (stretcher, tarpaulin corset with felt lining, fastening belts, etc.). It is not allowed to carry cylinders on the hands and on the shoulders.
5.3. During the movement of the cylinders, it is not allowed to take hold of the valves, remove them and hit the cylinders one against the other.
5.4. It is not allowed to carry out loading and unloading operations in oiled gloves and with oil-contaminated hands. The combination of even a small amount of oil (fat) with oxygen can cause an explosion.
5.5. The movement of cylinders at filling points and the consumption of gases must be carried out on trolleys specially adapted for this purpose or with the help of other devices.
5.6. Transportation of cylinders filled with gas must be carried out on spring transport or on autocars in a horizontal position, always with gaskets between the cylinders.
For gaskets, wooden bars with cut-out nests for cylinders can be used, as well as rope or rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm (two rings per cylinder) or other gaskets that protect cylinders from hitting one against the other.
All cylinders during transportation must be stacked with valves in one direction.
5.7. It is allowed to transport cylinders in special containers, as well as without containers in a vertical position, always with gaskets between them and protection against a possible fall.
5.8. Transportation and storage of cylinders should be carried out with screwed caps.
Transportation of cylinders for hydrocarbon gases is carried out in accordance with the "Safety Rules for Gas Supply Systems of Ukraine".
5.9. During transportation, cylinders must be protected from direct sunlight and precipitation, as well as from shocks and rolling.
5.10. During containerless transportation of cylinders, the following rules must be observed:
5.10.1. Safety valves and plugs must be fully screwed on the cylinders.
5.10.2. Cylinders should be placed in wooden nests lined with felt or other soft material.
5.10.3. When loading more than one row of cylinders, spacers must be applied to each row to prevent them from colliding with one another. For gaskets, wooden bars with cut-out nests for cylinders can be used, as well as rope or rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm (two rings per cylinder) or other gaskets that protect cylinders from hitting one against the other.
5.10.4. Cylinders must be stacked in no more than one row so that the safety caps are on one side.
5.10.5. It is allowed to stack cylinders within the limits of the height of the sides.
5.10.6. It is forbidden to transport cylinders on vehicles with dirt, debris, traces of lubricating oil in the body.
5.10.7. During loading and unloading, it is not allowed to drop them and hit one against the other, as well as unload them with the valves down.
5.11. When transporting cylinders in containers, it is allowed to transport filled and empty cylinders in one body. It is not allowed to put empty and filled cylinders in one container.
5.12. The joint transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders by car is prohibited.
5.13. In exceptional cases, oxygen and acetylene cylinders can be transported in a car if the following requirements are met:
5.13.1. At the same time, no more than 10 cylinders can be transported in total; there must be no traces of lubricating oil and grease in the body.
5.13.2. Before loading, acetylene cylinders must be free from traces of lubricating oil and grease.
5.13.3. Cylinders should be stacked no more than in one row on wooden stands.
5.14. It is not allowed to transport oxygen cylinders and cylinders with combustible gases or chlorine, oxygen cylinders and calcium carbide drums.
5.15. Gas cylinders must not be transported.
5.16. The container for transporting cylinders must be tested for double loading annually, inspected every 10 days.
5.17. It is forbidden to transport cylinders on dump trucks and motor vehicles, the body of which is upholstered with iron inside.
5.18. In cases where gas was not used due to a malfunction of the valve, when it is returned to the filling plant, the following inscription is made on the cylinder: "Caution!", "Full", "With gas". It is forbidden to repair the valves with your own means, as well as to disassemble them if the cylinders are full.
5.19. During loading and unloading, the engine of the car for transporting cylinders must be turned off, unless the car has an engine-driven device for loading and unloading cylinders.
6. Safety requirements after completion of work
6.1. Tidy up your workspace.
6.2. Fixtures, tools should be put in the place provided for them.
6.3. Take off your overalls, hang them in the place allotted for them.
6.4. Wash hands, face with warm water and soap, take a shower if possible.
6.5. Report to the manager about all the shortcomings that occurred during work.
7. Safety requirements in emergency situations
7.1. If gas evolution, cracks in cylinders, valve malfunctions, etc. are detected, measures must be taken to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the danger zone.
7.2. Report what happened to the manager.
7.3. If there are victims, provide them with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance.
7.4. Providing first aid.
7.4.1. First aid for electric shock.
In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to turn it off, pull him away from the conductive parts by clothing or using improvised insulating material.
If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this condition, revival must begin immediately, and then call an ambulance.
7.4.2. First aid for injury.
To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing, which is placed in it, on the wound and tie it with a bandage.
If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.
7.4.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.
In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or scarf from the neck and bandaged to the torso.
In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or from the mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.
If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.
In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.
7.4.4. First aid for poisoning.
In case of gas poisoning, headache, “knocking in the temples”, “ringing in the ears”, general weakness, unconsciousness, increased heart rate, nausea, vomiting appear. With severe poisoning, drowsiness, apathy, indifference appear, and with severe poisoning - excited breathing, dilated pupils.
In case of all poisoning, the victim should be immediately removed or taken out of the gassed area, unbuttoned clothing that interferes with breathing, provide fresh air, lay the victim with his legs up, rub the body, cover it warmer, give ammonia to sniff.
When breathing stops, start artificial respiration. In all cases of gas poisoning, it is necessary to give the victim to drink as much milk as possible.
7.4.5. First aid for bleeding.
In order to stop bleeding, you must:
Raise the injured limb up;
Close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
In case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, squeezing of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.
7.5. In the event of a fire, call the fire brigade and start extinguishing it with the available fire extinguishing equipment.
7.6. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.
________________________ ________________ _________________
(head position
divisions
/organizations/ - developer)
AGREED:
Head (specialist)
security services
labor of the enterprise ______________ _______________
(personal signature) (surname, initials)
Legal Counsel ______________ _______________
(personal signature) (surname, initials)
Chief technologist ______________ _______________
(personal signature) (surname, initials)