GOST 12.3003 75 electric welding. Requirements for personnel allowed to perform welding work
SYSTEM OF WORK SAFETY STANDARDS
ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
GOST 12.3.003-86
USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow
DEVELOPED
AllUnion Central Council of Trade Unions
USSR State Committee for Standards
Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR
Ministryhealth care of the USSR
Ministry of Electrical Industry
Ministry of the shipbuilding industry
USSR State Committee for Construction of the USSR
PERFORMERS
I. S. Alekseeva, cand. honey. sciences; M.I. Grimitlin , Dr. tech. sciences; G. P. Savorsky; N. F. Izmerov, dr honey. sciences; A. A. Kasparov, dr. med. sciences; S. N. Akkuratnova; A. P. Golovatyuk, cand. honey. sciences; L.N. Gorban, cand. honey. sciences; E.P. Tupchiy; A. F. Garbul; A. A. Kuznetsov; V. P. Golub, cand. tech. sciences; D.I. Chashnikov, cand. tech. sciences; V. A. Alekseev, cand. tech. sciences (topic leaders); L. A. Serebryany, dr. med. sciences; V. I. Kireev, cand. biol. sciences; L. A. Naumova, cand. honey. sciences; M. M. Ivanenko; A. N. Fortunatov; G. N. Lashchuk, cand. honey. sciences; A. V. Ryazanov; Yu. A. Kogan; A. A. Ivanov; Yu. K. Kushev, cand. tech. sciences; V. V. Vaseneva; N. O. Melsitova; O. V. Vasilkevich; L. A. Potanina; E. F. Zakharova
INTRODUCED by the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions
Head department of labor protection A. P. Semenov
AtAPPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of December 19, 1986 No. 4072
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Occupational safety standards system ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS Safety requirements Occupational safety standards system |
GOST Instead |
Decree State Committee USSR according to the standards of December 19, 1986 No. 4072, the introduction period is set
from 01.01.88
This standard applies to electric welding (hereinafter - welding) in all sectors of the national economy and establishes safety requirements for manual and mechanized arc welding of metals, including submerged arc and shielding gases, electroslag and contact welding.
The standard does not apply to electric welding work performed under water, in mines, mines, space, vacuum, explosion and laser, welding of non-metallic materials, as well as gas and thermal arc cutting and plasma processing of metals at installations generating low-temperature plasma.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 . Welding must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.1.004-85,GOST 12.1.010-76 , GOST 12.3.002-75 , sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, fire safety rules for welding and other hot work at national economy facilities, approved by the GUPO of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
1.2 . List of dangerous and harmful production factors arising during welding is given in the reference appendix in accordance withGOST 12.0.003-74 .
1 .3 . Concentrations harmful substances in the air of the working area when performing various kinds welding should not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) regulatedGOST 12.1.005-88 and MPC lists approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Microclimate parameters at workplaces must comply with the requirements of sanitary microclimate standards industrial premises approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR.
1.4 . The levels of hazardous and harmful production factors in the working area should not exceed the established values: noise level - according toGOST 12.1.003-83 and sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health; levels of local and general vibration - in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-78 and sanitary rules approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.5 . Electric fields of industrial frequency currents must comply with the requirementsGOST 12.1.002-84 ; magnetic fields - the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR; maximum allowable levels of voltages and currents - according toGOST 12.1.038-82 ; protective grounding and grounding - according toGOST 12.1.030-81 ; electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - byGOST 12.1.006-84 ; levels of ionizing radiation should not exceed the radiation safety standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.6 . Signal colors and safety signs - byGOST 12.4.026-76 .
1. REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
2.1 . Organization technological processes welding must comply with the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE ) and provide for the maximum possible mechanization, automation, remote control of welding processes or its individual elements, and measures must be taken to localize dangerous and harmful production factors.
2. 2 . In the normative and technical documentation for specific types of welding, safety requirements must be established in accordance with this standard and reflected in the technological documentation in accordance with GOST 3.1.120-83.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.3 . The equipment used for welding must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-74, GOST 12.2.049-80 ; safety requirements for electrical devices in accordance with the requirements GOST 12.2.007.8-75 , electrical installation rules (PUE ), the rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE) and the safety regulations for the operation of consumer electrical installations (PTB).
2.4 . For mechanized welding, stationary, portable or local air inlets built into the welding equipment should be used.
2.5 . Welding of products of medium and small sizes in stationary conditions should be carried out in specially equipped cabins. Cabins must be open top and made of non-combustible materials. A gap should be left between the wall and the floor of the cabin, the height of which is determined by the type of welding. The cabin area should be sufficient to accommodate welding equipment, a table, a local exhaust ventilation device, a welded product, and a tool. The free area in the cabin for one welding station must be at least 3 m 2.
2.6 . When welding products on flow-mechanized and automated lines, local exhaust devices built into the equipment of the lines should be provided. It is allowed to use welding equipment with built-in local air inlets.
2.7 . Welding is not allowed when the local exhaust ventilation is not working.
2.8 . Welding in confined and hard-to-reach spaces* must be carried out on the basis of a work permit for especially dangerous work, provided that the following conditions are met:
installation of control posts for monitoring electric welders;
the presence of a hatch (hatches) for laying communications and evacuation of workers;
continuous operation of local exhaust ventilation and means that exclude the accumulation of harmful substances in the air above the maximum permissible concentrations and the oxygen content is less than 19% (by volume);
the presence in the welding equipment of a device for stopping the supply of shielding gas when the voltage in the welding circuit is turned off;
the presence of an open-circuit voltage limiter for manual arc welding with alternating current. The limiter, made in the form of a prefix, must be grounded with a separate conductor.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
* Closed spaces (premises) are spaces bounded by surfaces, having hatches (manholes), with dimensions that prevent free and quick passage of workers through them and impede natural air exchange; hard-to-reach spaces (rooms) should be considered those in which, due to their small size, it is difficult to perform work, and natural air exchange is insufficient.
2.9 . Before welding vessels containing flammable liquids and harmful substances, they must be cleaned, washed, dried, ventilated and checked for the absence of a dangerous concentration of harmful substances in accordance with the PTE and PTB approved by Glavgosenergonadzor.
2.10 . When welding highly reflective materials (aluminum, aluminum alloys, titanium-based alloys, stainless steel), to protect electric welders and those working nearby from reflected optical radiation, it is necessary to shield the welding arc with built-in or portable shields and, if possible, shield the surfaces of the products being welded.
2.11 . Safety requirements for manual arc welding
2.11.1 . Stationary welding stations must be equipped with local exhausts. The volume of air removed for a standard welding table from one post should be taken at least 1500 m 3 / h, and the suction speed at the welding point should be at least 0.2 m / s.
When welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces, at least 150 m 3 / h of air should be removed from one post by portable air inlets.
2.11.2 . The placement of argon-arc welding stations should exclude the possibility of leakage and penetration of shielding gas into adjacent and lower rooms.
2.11.3 . When manual welding with stick electrodes, portable small-sized air inlets with pneumatic, magnetic and other holders should be used.
2.11.4 . When welding with thoriated electrodes, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the basic sanitary rules when working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation and sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
2.11.5 . The supply of shielding gas when welding with thoriated electrodes should stop only after the end of the thoriated electrode cools down after 20-30 s after the end of welding.
2.12 . Safety requirements for mechanized welding in shielding gases
2.12.1 . When performing automatic welding on an installation whose welding head is located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor level, a working platform for the operator must be provided.
The site must have a non-conductive coating and a fence in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-78.
2.12.2 . Local air inlets built into the welding equipment should remove air:
for semi-automatic welding in CO 2 at currents of 250 - 500 A - not less than 50 m 3 / h;
when welding in inert and mixtures of gases, during automatic welding in CO 2 - at least 150 m 3 / h of air.
Suction speed for welding in inert gases and mixtures is not more than 0.3 m/s, for welding in active gases and their mixtures, as well as for welding in mixtures of active gases with inert gases, not more than 0.5 m/s.
2.12.3 . The operation of cylinders, containers with liquefied gas and ramps must be carried out in accordance with the rules of the device and safe operation pressure vessels approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.
2.13 . Safety requirements for submerged arc welding
2.13.1 . Submerged arc welding at stationary stations should be carried out with a device for mechanized filling of the flux into the weld pool, a flux extractor with a storage hopper and a filter (when air is returned to the premises).
2.13.2 . When submerged arc welding by semi-automatic devices, mobile or portable flux-suction devices should be used.
2.13.3 . When removing slag manually, the worker must be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment.
2.14 . Safety requirements for resistance welding
12.14.1 . When organizing resistance welding processes, machines must be equipped with protective devices (screens) that protect workers from splashes of molten metal, magnetic radiation and other harmful factors.
2.14.2 . The location of protective devices (screens) should not limit the technological capabilities of the machine and its operation.
2.14.3 . Protective devices that are manually moved during the operation of the machine must have a mass of not more than 6 kg and fastening that does not require the use of keys and screwdrivers.
2.14.4 . The movement of protective devices of the opening type must be carried out with a force of not more than 40 N (4 kgf).
2.14.5 . In contact welding of ferrous metals with a clean surface (with the exception of flash butt welding), it is allowed to work only with general ventilation of the room. Air exchange should be taken: 5000 m 3 / h of air for every 75 kVA of machine power for butt welding and 600 m 3 / h of air for every 50 kVA for spot and seam welding.
2.14.6 . In contact welding (spot, seam, relief, butt resistance) of non-ferrous metals, special steels and ferrous metals with coatings, work should be done with local exhaust ventilation that removes welding aerosol directly from the source of its formation.
2.14.7 . Flash butt welding machines should be equipped with fume hoods.
2.14.8 . In fused butt welding, the volume of air removed from the exhaust shelter must provide a suction rate through leaks of at least 1 m/s.
2.14.9 . Cleaning and replacement of electrodes on contact machines should be carried out in a position that prevents accidental compression of the electrodes.
2.15 . Safety requirements for electroslag welding
2.15.1 . In electroslag welding, the processes of flux delivery to the workplace, loading into hoppers and filling it into the weld pool must be mechanized.
2.15.2 . The areas of the weld pool and flux melting must be equipped with local exhaust devices.
2.15.3 . When conducting electroslag welding, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the surface of water-cooled sliders, linings and other devices to the product to be welded.
2.15.4 . To protect workers from harmful factors during electroslag welding, screens, canopies, booths and other protective devices should be used.
2.15.5 . Electroslag welding installations should be controlled from a control panel built into the installation.
If there is more than one control body for the same parameter from different posts, the possibility of simultaneous control from different posts should be excluded.
2.15.6 . During electroslag welding of large-sized products with heating, operator workplaces should be placed in cabins made of thermally insulating material, equipped with air conditioners and consoles. remote control process.
2.15.7 . Preparatory work (flux melting, pouring liquid slag into the weld pool) must be carried out taking into account the requirements for manual pouring of metal with a volume of 5-6 liters, approved in the prescribed manner.
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
3 .1 . Industrial premises for electrical welding work must meet the requirements of the current building codes and regulations, sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and the rules for the installation of electrical installations.
3.2 . The workplaces of electric welders must be protected by portable or stationary light-tight fences (shields, screens or screens) made of fireproof material, the height of which must ensure the reliability of protection.
3.3 . Walls and equipment of workshops (areas) of electric welding must be painted in gray, yellow or blue top with diffuse (diffuse) reflection of light.
3.4 . The distance between the equipment, from the equipment to the walls and columns of the room, as well as the width of the aisles and driveways, must comply with the current building codes for the technological design of procurement shops and GOST 123.002-75.
3.5 . The width of the aisles on each side of the desktop and rack must be at least 1 m.
3.6 . The floors of industrial premises for welding must be fireproof, have low thermal conductivity, have a flat non-slip surface that is easy to clean, and also meet sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with current building codes and regulations.
3.7 . Production facilities must be equipped with a general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation, which complies with building codes and regulations for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
Air exchanges you should count on the dilution of harmful substances not captured by local exhaust devices to MPC levels in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88, MPC lists, sanitary standards, building codes and rules approved by the Ministry of Health and Gosstroy of the USSR.
3.8 . Distribution of fresh air should be carried out in the working area or inclined jets in the direction of the working area.
It is possible to use concentrated supply through adjustable air distributors.
3.9 . In assembly and welding shops, air heating combined with forced ventilation should be provided.
Additionally, if necessary, air-heating units should be used.
3.10 . When the intensity of thermal exposure of workers exceeds the sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, special protective equipment should be provided (shielding of the source, air showering, personal protective equipment, etc.).
3.11 . Natural and artificial lighting of welding, assembly and welding shops, sites and workplaces must be organized in accordance with building codes and rules for natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and industry documents.
3.12 . Lighting when welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces (boilers, compartments, tanks) should be carried out by outdoor lighting with directional lamps or local lighting with hand-held portable lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V.
At the same time, the illumination of the working area should be at least 30 lux.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCATION OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF WORKPLACES
4.1 . Safety requirements for the device, equipment and organization of workplaces for welding work must comply withGOST 12.2.061-81 , electrical installation rules and this standard.
4.2 . Workplaces in the performance of welding work can be permanent and temporary, stationary and non-stationary. Stationary jobs are organized at operating enterprises in specially equipped premises and open areas.
Non-stationary jobs are organized at enterprises (objects) under construction or operating in the course of construction, installation and other temporary work.
Admission to the production of welding work should be carried out after familiarization with the technical documentation (project for the production of work) and briefing on the operation of equipment and labor protection.
Connecting and disconnecting the power supply of electric welding equipment, as well as its repair, must be carried out by electrical personnel.
4.3 . When performing welding work in the same room with other work, measures must be taken to exclude the possibility of exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors on workers.
When welding at different vertical levels, protection of personnel working at lower levels should be provided against accidental falling objects, electrode cinders, metal splashes, etc.
4. 4 . Zones with the presence of a hazardous production factor should be protected in accordance with the requirementsGOST 23407-78 and GOST 12.2.062-81.
4.5 . Spatial layout of the welder's workplace according to the grouping and location of manual controls (levers, switches, etc.) and means of displaying information must meet ergonomic requirements GOST 12.2.032-78 and GOST 12.2.033-78 .
4.6 . A cabin for two or more posts, as well as workplaces for manual and mechanized arc welding welders on production and conveyor lines, must be separated by enclosing screens that protect welders from arc radiation, splashes of molten metal, and provide sufficient space for each worker.
4.7 . When welding products with heating, the workplace must be specially equipped with screens, shelters for a heated product or radiation cooling panels that reduce the exposure of the welder in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
4.8 . The controls for welding processes on flow-mechanized and conveyor lines should be combined (or located in close proximity) with control panels for lifting vehicles.
4.9 . The workplace on a flow-mechanized or conveyor assembly and welding line must be equipped with a chair according to GOST 21889-76 or seats with backs made of non-thermal conductive material.
4.10 . Work in confined or confined spaces is carried out by a welder under the supervision of an observer with a safety qualification group II and above, which must be outside. The welder must have a safety belt with a rope, the end of which is at the observer.
4.11 . Workplaces located above 1.3 m from ground level or a solid ceiling must be equipped with fences in accordance with GOST 12.4.059-78 with a height of at least 1.1 m, consisting of a handrail, one intermediate element and a side board with a width of at least 0.15 m
4.12 . When performing welding work at a height of more than 5 m, scaffolding (platforms) from non-combustible (hard-to-burn) materials must be arranged in accordance with the requirementsGOST 26887-86 , GOST 27321-87 , GOST 24258-88 .
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
In the absence of scaffolding (platforms), electric welders must use safety belts and fire-resistant safety halyards with carabiners. Workers should use special bags for tools and collecting electrode stubs.
4.13 . The width of the passages between the equipment, moving mechanisms and moving parts, as well as stationary multi-station power sources, must be at least 1.5 m.
4 . 14 . Passages between stationary single-station power supplies must be at least 0.8 m wide.
When installing a single-station power source against a wall, the distance from the wall to the source must be at least 0.5 m.
4.15 The width of the passages between the contact machines should be: when the workplaces are located opposite each other for point and seam machines - at least 3 m, when the machines are located with the back sides to each other - at least 1 m, when the machines are located with the front and back sides to each other - at least 1.5 m.
4.16 . Stationary workplaces for welding metal structures weighing more than 15 kg must be equipped with assembly stands and lifting devices in accordance with sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
When welding small and small-sized (weighing up to 15 kg) products, stationary workplaces should be equipped with tables for welders.
4.17. (Deleted, Rev. No. 1).
4.1 8. Stationary stands for welding products should be equipped with rotary-lift exhaust devices and movable air inlets.
4.1 9. When carrying out electric welding work at low temperatures (below minus 20 ° C), conditions must be provided that meet the requirements of building codes and regulations, approved by the State Construction Committee of the USSR.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR INITIAL MATERIALS, BLANKS, THEIR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
5.1 . Storage of initial welding consumables and finished products must be carried out in warehouses equipped and maintained in accordance with the requirements of construction, sanitary and fire safety standards and regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
5.2 . When storing workpieces to be welded, welding materials and finished products, there should not be any interference with natural lighting, ventilation, passage, passage, use of fire equipment and protective equipment for workers.
5.3 . The calcination and drying of wire, flux, electrodes must be carried out on equipment specially designed for this purpose.
5.4 . Operations for sharpening thoriated electrodes should be carried out on grinding machines installed in separate rooms and equipped with local suctions. Abrasive dust should be collected in closed metal containers and removed to a collection of solid radioactive waste.
5.5 . Degreasing of the surfaces of the products to be welded should be carried out with solutions, the composition of which is approved for use by the sanitary and fire supervision authorities.
5.6 . When performing work in assembly and welding shops during the cold season, blanks and products to be welded must be delivered to the shop in advance so that by the beginning of welding their temperature is not lower than the air temperature in the shop.
5.7 . Waste materials (electrode cinders, slag crust, technological samples, degreasing waste, etc.) should be collected in metal containers and, as it accumulates, removed from the sites to designated areas on the territory of the enterprise for collection and disposal.
5.8 . Transportation of raw materials and finished products - byGOST 12.3.020-80 .
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL ALLOWED TO PERFORM WELDING WORKS
6.1 . Welding is allowed for persons who have been trained, instructed and tested knowledge of safety requirements, who have a qualification group for electrical safety not lower than II and having the appropriate certificates.
6.2 . Welders and assistant welders who have undergone additional training in ESW technology and a test of knowledge of safety requirements are allowed to perform electroslag welding. An assistant welder is not allowed to independently perform electroslag welding.
6.3 . Workers who have passed a special medical examination, have at least one year of experience in climbing and have a welder rank of at least III are allowed to work at heights*.
* At a height of more than 5 m from the ground, ceiling or working platform, on which work is carried out directly with the structure, when the main means of preventing falls from a height is a safety belt.
6.4 . Women are not allowed to weld in accordance with the list of industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, where the use of women's labor is prohibited, approved in accordance with the established procedure.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
7.1 . Workers of welding professions must be provided with overalls and other personal protective equipment, taking into account the conditions of work in accordance with standard industry standards approved in the prescribed manner.
7.2 . Preventive treatment of personal protective equipment for workers - according to regulatory and technical documentation.
8. METHODS OF CONTROL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
8.1 . Control over the state of air in the working area - according toGOST 12.1.005-88 .
8.2 . Checking the state of the air environment is carried out by determining the concentration of harmful substances in the breathing zone (under the shield) of the worker, as well as in the air of industrial premises.
8.3 . Determination of harmful substances is carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the determination of harmful substances in welding aerosol (solid phase and gases), approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Control over the temperature of working surfaces, microclimatic conditions and the level of infrared radiation must be carried out in accordance with the methods approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.4 . Methods for measuring noise in the workplace - byGOST 12.1.050-86 and GOST 12.1.035-81.
8.5 . Methods for measuring local vibration - according to GOST 12.1.042-84. The method for measuring vibration at workplaces in industrial premises - according to GOST 12.1.043-84 and guidelines on carrying out measurements and hygienic assessment of industrial vibrations approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.6 . Dosimetric control when working with thoriated electrodes is carried out in accordance with the basic sanitary rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
8.7 . Method for controlling the intensity of electric fields of industrial frequency at workplaces - according toGOST 12.1.002-84 ; magnetic field strengths - in accordance with the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.8 . The control of ventilation systems by the method of aerodynamic tests in welding shops should be carried out in accordance withGOST 12.3.018-79 and rules for sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems of industrial premises, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.9 . Illumination control at workplaces should be carried out in accordance with the sanitary norms and rules for natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR Gosstroy, and the requirements for preventive and current sanitary supervision of artificial lighting at industrial enterprises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Methods for measuring illumination - according to GOST 24940-81.
8.10 . Control over the state of electrical equipment and its safe operation is carried out in accordance withGOST 12.1.019-79 and PUE , PTE and PTB approved by the Glavgosenergonadzor of the USSR.
GOST 12.3.003-86
Group T58
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Occupational safety standards system
ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS
Safety requirements
Occupational safety standards system. Electric welding works. safety requirements
MKS 13.100
25.160
OKSTU 0012
Introduction date 1988-01-01
Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 19, 1986 N 4072, the date of introduction was set to 01.01.88
INSTEAD OF GOST 12.3.003-75
EDITION (July 2003) with Amendment No. 1 approved in May 1989 (IUS 8-89)
This standard applies to electric welding (hereinafter - welding) in all sectors of the national economy and establishes safety requirements for manual and mechanized arc welding of metals, including submerged arc and shielding gases, electroslag and contact welding.
The standard does not apply to electric welding work performed under water, in mines, mines, space, vacuum, explosion and laser, welding of non-metallic materials, as well as gas and thermal arc cutting and plasma processing of metals at installations generating low-temperature plasma.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Welding must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.1.004-91, GOST 12.1.010-76, GOST 12.3.002-75, sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting of metals, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, fire safety rules for carrying out welding and other hot work at the objects of the national economy, approved by the GUPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
1.2. The list of hazardous and harmful production factors arising from welding is given in the reference appendix in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74.
1.3. The concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area when performing various types of welding should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) regulated by GOST 12.1.005-88 and the MPC lists approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
The microclimate parameters at the workplace must comply with the requirements *
________________
SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96
1.4. The levels of hazardous and harmful production factors in the working area should not exceed the established values: noise level - in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83 and sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health; levels of local and general vibration - in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-90 * and sanitary rules approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
________________
GOST 12.1.012-2004, hereinafter in the text
1.5. Electric fields of industrial frequency currents must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.002-84; magnetic fields - the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR; maximum permissible levels of voltages and currents - according to GOST 12.1.038-82; protective grounding and zeroing - in accordance with GOST 12.1.030-81; electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - according to GOST 12.1.006-84; the levels of ionizing radiation must not exceed the radiation safety standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.6. Signal colors and safety signs - according to GOST 12.4.026-76 *.
________________
* In the territory Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.026-2001 is valid.
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
2.1. The organization of technological processes of welding must comply with the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) and provide for the maximum possible mechanization, automation, remote control of the welding process or its individual elements, and measures must be taken to localize dangerous and harmful production factors.
2.2. AT normative documentation for specific types of welding, safety requirements must be established in accordance with this standard and reflected in the technological documentation in accordance with GOST 3.1120-83.
2.3. The equipment used for welding must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91, GOST 12.2.049-80; safety requirements for electrical devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.8-75, the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE), the rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers (PTE) and the safety rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers (PTB) *.
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. The "Intersectoral rules for labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations" (POT R M-016-2001, RD 153-34.0-03.150-00) are in force, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.
2.4. For mechanized welding, stationary, portable or local air inlets built into the welding equipment should be used.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.5. Welding of products of medium and small sizes in stationary conditions should be carried out in specially equipped cabins. Cabins must be open top and made of non-combustible materials. A gap should be left between the wall and the floor of the cabin, the height of which is determined by the type of welding. The cabin area should be sufficient to accommodate welding equipment, a table, a local exhaust ventilation device, a welded product, and a tool. The free area in the cabin for one welding station must be at least 3 m.
2.6. When welding products on flow-mechanized and automated lines, local exhaust devices built into the equipment of the lines should be provided. It is allowed to use welding equipment with built-in local air inlets.
2.7. Welding is not allowed when the local exhaust ventilation is not working.
2.8. Welding in confined and hard-to-reach spaces* must be carried out on the basis of a work permit for especially dangerous work, provided that the following conditions are met:
installation of control posts for monitoring electric welders;
the presence of a hatch (hatches) for laying communications and evacuation of workers;
continuous operation of local exhaust ventilation and means that exclude the accumulation of harmful substances in the air above the maximum permissible concentrations and the oxygen content is less than 19% (by volume);
the presence in the welding equipment of a device for stopping the supply of shielding gas when the voltage in the welding circuit is turned off;
the presence of an open-circuit voltage limiter for manual arc welding with alternating current. The limiter, made in the form of a prefix, must be grounded with a separate conductor.
_________________
* Closed spaces (premises) are spaces bounded by surfaces, having hatches (manholes), with dimensions that prevent free and quick passage of workers through them and impede natural air exchange; hard-to-reach spaces (rooms) should be considered those in which, due to their small size, it is difficult to perform work, and natural air exchange is insufficient.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.9. Before welding vessels that contained flammable liquids and harmful substances, they must be cleaned, washed, dried, ventilated and checked for the absence of a dangerous concentration of harmful substances in accordance with the PTE and PTB, approved by Glavgosenergonadzor.
2.10. When welding highly reflective materials (aluminum, aluminum alloys, titanium-based alloys, stainless steel), to protect electric welders and those working nearby from reflected optical radiation, it is necessary to shield the welding arc with built-in or portable shields and, if possible, shield the surfaces of the products being welded.
2.11. Safety requirements for manual arc welding
2.11.1. Stationary welding stations must be equipped with local exhausts. The volume of air removed for a standard welding table from one post should be taken at least 1500 m/h, and the suction speed at the welding point should be at least 0.2 m/s.
When welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces, portable air inlets should be removed from one post at least 150 m3/h of air.
2.11.2. The placement of argon-arc welding stations should exclude the possibility of leakage and penetration of shielding gas into adjacent and lower rooms.
2.11.3. When manual welding with stick electrodes, portable small-sized air inlets with pneumatic, magnetic and other holders should be used.
2.11.4. When welding with thoriated electrodes, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the basic sanitary rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation * and sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
________________
SP 2.6.1.2612-10. - Database manufacturer's note.
2.11.5. The supply of shielding gas during welding with thoriated electrodes should be stopped only after the end of the thoriated electrode cools down after 20-30 s after the end of welding.
2.12. Safety requirements for mechanized welding in shielding gases
2.12.1. When performing automatic welding on an installation whose welding head is located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor level, a working platform for the operator must be provided.
The site must have a non-conductive coating and fencing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89.
2.12.2. Local air inlets built into the welding equipment should remove air:
for semi-automatic welding in CO at currents of 250-500 A - at least 50 m/h;
when welding in inert and mixtures of gases, during automatic welding in CO - at least 150 m3/h of air.
Suction speed for welding in inert gases and mixtures is not more than 0.3 m/s, for welding in active gases and their mixtures, as well as for welding in mixtures of active gases with inert gases, not more than 0.5 m/s.
2.12.3. The operation of cylinders, containers with liquefied gas and ramps must be carried out in accordance with the rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.
2.13. Safety requirements for submerged arc welding
2.13.1. Submerged arc welding at stationary stations should be carried out with a device for mechanized filling of the flux into the weld pool, a flux extractor with a storage hopper and a filter (when air is returned to the premises).
2.13.2. When submerged arc welding by semi-automatic devices, mobile or portable flux-suction devices should be used.
2.13.3. When removing slag manually, the worker must be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment.
2.14. Safety requirements for resistance welding
12.14.1. When organizing resistance welding processes, machines must be equipped with protective devices (screens) that protect workers from splashes of molten metal, magnetic radiation and other harmful factors.
2.14.2. The location of protective devices (screens) should not limit the technological capabilities of the machine and its operation.
2.14.3. Protective devices that are manually moved during the operation of the machine must have a mass of not more than 6 kg and fastening that does not require the use of keys and screwdrivers.
2.14.4. The movement of protective devices of the opening type must be carried out with a force of not more than 40 N (4 kgf).
2.14.5. In contact welding of ferrous metals with a clean surface (with the exception of flash butt welding), it is allowed to work only with general ventilation of the room. Air exchange should be taken: 5000 m3/h of air for every 75 kVA of machine power in butt welding and 600 m3/h of air for every 50 kVA in spot and seam welding.
2.14.6. In contact welding (spot, seam, relief, butt resistance) of non-ferrous metals, special steels and ferrous metals with coatings, work should be done with local exhaust ventilation that removes welding aerosol directly from the source of its formation.
2.14.7. Flash butt welding machines should be equipped with fume hoods.
2.14.8. During butt welding by flashing, the volume of air removed from the exhaust shelter must provide a suction rate through leaks of at least 1 m/s.
2.14.9. Cleaning and replacement of electrodes on contact machines should be carried out in a position that prevents accidental compression of the electrodes.
2.15. Safety requirements for electroslag welding
2.15.1. In electroslag welding, the processes of flux delivery to the workplace, loading into hoppers and filling it into the weld pool must be mechanized.
2.15.2. The areas of the weld pool and flux melting must be equipped with local exhaust devices.
2.15.3. When conducting electroslag welding, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the surface of water-cooled sliders, linings and other devices to the product to be welded.
2.15.4. To protect workers from harmful factors during electroslag welding, screens, canopies, booths and other protective devices should be used.
2.15.5. Electroslag welding installations should be controlled from a control panel built into the installation.
If there is more than one control body for the same parameter from different posts, the possibility of simultaneous control from different posts should be excluded.
2.15.6. During electroslag welding of large-sized products with heating, the operator's workplaces should be placed in cabins made of thermally insulating material, equipped with air conditioners and remote control panels for the process.
2.15.7. Preparatory work (flux melting, pouring liquid slag into the weld pool) must be carried out taking into account the requirements for manual pouring of metal with a volume of 5-6 liters, approved in the prescribed manner.
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
3.1. Industrial premises for carrying out electric welding work must meet the requirements of the current building codes and regulations, sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises * approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and the rules for the installation of electrical installations.
________________
* SP 2.2.1.1312-03 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation. - Database manufacturer's note.
3.2. The workplaces of electric welders must be protected by portable or stationary light-tight fences (shields, screens or screens) made of fireproof material, the height of which must ensure the reliability of protection.
3.3. Walls and equipment of workshops (areas) of electric welding must be painted in gray, yellow or blue tones with diffuse (scattered) reflection of light.
3.4. The distance between the equipment, from the equipment to the walls and columns of the room, as well as the width of the aisles and driveways, must comply with the current building codes for the technological design of procurement shops and GOST 12.3.002-75.
3.5. The width of the aisles on each side of the desktop and rack must be at least 1 m.
3.6. The floors of industrial premises for welding must be fireproof, have low thermal conductivity, have a flat non-slip surface that is easy to clean, and also meet sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with current building codes and regulations.
3.7. Production facilities must be equipped with general-exchange supply and exhaust ventilation that complies with building codes and rules for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
Air exchanges should be designed to dilute harmful substances not captured by local exhaust devices to MPC levels in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88, MPC lists, sanitary standards, building codes and rules approved by the Ministry of Health and Gosstroy of the USSR.
3.8. Distribution of fresh air should be carried out in the working area or inclined jets in the direction of the working area.
It is possible to use concentrated supply through adjustable air distributors.
3.9. In assembly and welding shops, air heating combined with forced ventilation should be provided.
Additionally, if necessary, air-heating units should be used.
3.10. When the intensity of thermal exposure of workers exceeds the sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, special protective equipment should be provided (shielding of the source, air showering, personal protective equipment, etc.).
3.11. Natural and artificial lighting of welding, assembly and welding shops, sites and workplaces must be organized in accordance with building codes and rules for natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and industry documents.
3.12. Lighting when welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces (boilers, compartments, tanks) should be carried out by outdoor lighting with directional lamps or local lighting with hand-held portable lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V.
At the same time, the illumination of the working area should be at least 30 lux.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCATION OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF WORKPLACES
4.1. Safety requirements for the device, equipment and organization of workplaces for welding must comply with GOST 12.2.061-81, the rules for electrical installations and this standard.
4.2. Workplaces in the performance of welding work can be permanent and temporary, stationary and non-stationary. Stationary jobs are organized at operating enterprises in specially equipped premises and open areas.
Non-stationary jobs are organized at enterprises (objects) under construction or operating in the course of construction, installation and other temporary work.
Admission to the production of welding work should be carried out after familiarization with technical documentation(project for the production of works) and briefing on the operation of equipment and labor protection.
Connecting and disconnecting the power supply of electric welding equipment, as well as its repair, must be carried out by electrical personnel.
4.3. When performing welding work in the same room with other work, measures must be taken to exclude the possibility of exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors on workers.
When welding at different vertical levels, protection of personnel working at lower levels should be provided against accidental falling objects, electrode cinders, metal splashes, etc.
4.4. Zones with the presence of a hazardous production factor should be protected in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407-78 and GOST 12.2.062-81.
4.5. The spatial layout of the welder's workplace in terms of grouping and location of manual controls (levers, switches, etc.) and information display means must meet the ergonomic requirements of GOST 12.2.032-78 and GOST 12.2.033-78.
4.6. A cabin for two or more posts, as well as workplaces for manual and mechanized arc welding welders on production and conveyor lines, must be separated by enclosing screens that protect welders from arc radiation, splashes of molten metal, and provide sufficient space for each worker.
4.7. When welding products with heating, the workplace must be specially equipped with screens, shelters for a heated product or radiation cooling panels that reduce the welder's exposure in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary norms for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
4.8. The controls for welding processes on flow-mechanized and conveyor lines should be combined (or located in close proximity) with control panels for lifting vehicles.
4.9. The workplace on a flow-mechanized or conveyor assembly and welding line must be equipped with a chair in accordance with GOST 21889-76 or seats with a back made of non-heat-conducting material.
4.10. Work in confined or confined spaces is carried out by a welder under the supervision of an observer with a safety qualification group II and above, who must be outside. The welder must have a safety belt with a rope, the end of which is at the observer.
4.11. Workplaces located above 1.3 m from ground level or a solid ceiling must be equipped with fences in accordance with GOST 12.4.059-89 with a height of at least 1.1 m, consisting of a handrail, one intermediate element and a side board with a width of at least 0.15 m
4.12. In the production of welding work at a height of more than 5 m, scaffolding (platforms) from non-combustible (hard-to-burn) materials should be arranged in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26887-86, GOST 27321-87, GOST 24258-88.
In the absence of scaffolding (platforms), electric welders must use safety belts and fire-resistant safety halyards with carabiners. Workers should use special bags for tools and collecting electrode stubs.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.13. The width of the passages between the equipment, moving mechanisms and moving parts, as well as stationary multi-station power sources, must be at least 1.5 m.
4.14. Passages between stationary single-station power supplies must be at least 0.8 m wide.
When installing a single-station power source against a wall, the distance from the wall to the source must be at least 0.5 m.
4.15. The width of the passages between the contact machines should be: when the workplaces are located opposite each other for point and seam machines - at least 3 m, when the machines are located with the back sides to each other - at least 1 m, when the machines are located with the front and back sides to each other - not less than 1.5 m.
4.16. Stationary workplaces for welding metal structures weighing more than 15 kg must be equipped with assembly stands and lifting devices in accordance with sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
When welding small and small-sized (weighing up to 15 kg) products, stationary workplaces should be equipped with tables for welders.
4.17. (Excluded, Rev. N 1).
4.18. Stationary stands for welding products should be equipped with rotary-lifting exhaust devices and movable air inlets.
4.19. When carrying out electric welding work at low temperatures (below minus 20 ° C), conditions must be provided that meet the requirements of building codes and regulations approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR INITIAL MATERIALS, BLANKS, THEIR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
5.1. Storage of initial welding consumables and finished products must be carried out in warehouses equipped and maintained in accordance with the requirements of construction, sanitary and fire safety standards and regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
5.2. When storing workpieces to be welded, welding materials and finished products, there should not be any interference with natural lighting, ventilation, passage, passage, use of fire equipment and protective equipment for workers.
5.3. The calcination and drying of wire, flux, electrodes must be carried out in equipment specially designed for this purpose.
5.4. Operations for sharpening thoriated electrodes should be carried out on grinding machines installed in separate rooms and equipped with local suctions. Abrasive dust should be collected in closed metal containers and removed to a collection of solid radioactive waste.
5.5. Degreasing of the surfaces of the products to be welded should be carried out with solutions, the composition of which is approved for use by the sanitary and fire supervision authorities.
5.6. When performing work in assembly and welding shops during the cold season, blanks and products to be welded must be delivered to the shop in advance so that by the beginning of welding their temperature is not lower than the air temperature in the shop.
5.7. Waste materials (electrode cinders, slag crust, technological samples, degreasing waste, etc.) should be collected in metal containers and, as accumulated, removed from the sites to the places designated on the territory of the enterprise for collection and disposal.
5.8. Transportation of raw materials and finished products - according to GOST 12.3.020-80.
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL ALLOWED TO PERFORM WELDING WORKS
6.1. Welding is allowed for persons who have been trained, instructed and tested for knowledge of safety requirements, who have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II and who have the appropriate certificates.
6.2. Welders and assistant welders who have undergone additional training in ESW technology and a test of knowledge of safety requirements are allowed to perform electroslag welding. An assistant welder is not allowed to independently perform electroslag welding.
6.3. Workers who have passed a special medical examination, have at least one year of experience in climbing and have a welder rank of at least III are allowed to work at heights*.
___________________
* At a height of more than 5 m from the ground, ceiling or working platform, on which work is carried out directly with the structure, when the main means of preventing falls from a height is a safety belt.
6.4. Women are not allowed to weld in accordance with the list of industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, where the use of women's labor is prohibited, approved in accordance with the established procedure.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS
7.1. Workers of welding professions must be provided with overalls and other personal protective equipment, taking into account the conditions of work in accordance with standard industry standards approved in the prescribed manner.
7.2. Preventive treatment of personal protective equipment for workers - according to regulatory and technical documentation.
Sec. 7. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
8. METHODS OF CONTROL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
8.1. Control over the state of air in the working area - according to GOST 12.1.005-88.
8.2. Checking the state of the air environment is carried out by determining the concentration of harmful substances in the breathing zone (under the shield) of the worker, as well as in the air of industrial premises.
8.3. Determination of harmful substances is carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the determination of harmful substances in welding aerosol (solid phase and gases), approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Control over the temperature of working surfaces, microclimatic conditions and the level of infrared radiation must be carried out in accordance with the methods approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.4. Methods for measuring noise at workplaces - according to GOST 12.1.050-86 and GOST 12.1.035-81.
8.5. Methods for measuring local vibration - according to GOST 12.1.012-90. The method for measuring vibration at workplaces in industrial premises is in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-90 and guidelines for measuring and hygienic assessment of industrial vibrations approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.6. Dosimetric control when working with thoriated electrodes is carried out in accordance with the basic sanitary rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.7. Method for controlling the intensity of electric fields of industrial frequency at workplaces - according to GOST 12.1.002-84; magnetic field strengths - in accordance with the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.8. The control of ventilation systems by the method of aerodynamic tests in welding shops must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.018-79 and the rules for sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems for industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.9. Illumination control at workplaces should be carried out in accordance with the sanitary norms and rules for natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR Gosstroy, and the requirements for preventive and current sanitary supervision of artificial lighting at industrial enterprises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Methods for measuring illumination - according to GOST 24940-96.
8.10. Control over the state of electrical equipment and its safe operation is carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.019-79 * and PUE, PTE and PTB, approved by the Glavgosenergonadzor of the USSR.
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST R 12.1.019-2009 is valid. - Database manufacturer's note.
 
8.11. Fire safety control - according to GOST 12.1.004-91, fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials - according to GOST 12.1.044-89.
APPENDIX (reference). LIST OF DANGEROUS AND HARMFUL INDUSTRIAL FACTORS
APPENDIX
Reference
Types of welding and surfacing |
|||||||||||||||
Manual arc | arc submerged arc | Arc in shielding gases | Ele- | contact welding |
|||||||||||
Hazardous and harmful production | without heating | with product heating or multiple | semi- | auto- | automatic with heating or multi | without heating | heated | semi- | semi- | auto- | dot | butt | rel- |
||
1. Physical factors | |||||||||||||||
1.1. Moving machines and mechanisms, moving products, blanks and materials | |||||||||||||||
1.2. Increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area | |||||||||||||||
1.3. Elevated temperature of surfaces of equipment, materials | |||||||||||||||
1.4. Increased air temperature of the working area | |||||||||||||||
1.5. Enhanced Level noise in the workplace | |||||||||||||||
1.6. A dangerous level of voltage in an electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body | |||||||||||||||
1.7. Increased level of electrical | |||||||||||||||
1.8. Increased light brightness | |||||||||||||||
1.9. Increased levels of ultraviolet radiation | |||||||||||||||
1.10. Increased level of infrared radiation | |||||||||||||||
2. Chemical factors(welding sprays) | |||||||||||||||
3. Psycho-physiological factors | |||||||||||||||
3.1. Physical overload | |||||||||||||||
3.2. Neuropsychic overload |
Legend: + the presence of a factor; - no factor
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It applies to electric welding in all sectors of the national economy and establishes safety requirements for manual and mechanized arc welding of metals, including submerged arc and shielding gases, electroslag and resistance welding.
The standard does not apply to electric welding work performed under water, in mines, mines, space, vacuum, explosion and laser, welding of non-metallic materials, as well as gas and thermal arc cutting and plasma processing of metals at installations generating low-temperature plasma
- Replaces GOST 12.3.003-75 “System of labor safety standards. Electrical works. General safety requirements"
Edition (July 2003) with change No. 1
1. General Provisions
2 Requirements for technological processes
3 Requirements for production facilities
4 Accommodation requirements production equipment and workplace organization
5 Requirements for raw materials, blanks, their storage and transportation
6 Requirements for personnel allowed to perform welding work
7 Requirements for the use of personal protective equipment for workers
8 Methods for monitoring compliance with safety requirements
Annex (reference) List of hazardous and harmful production factors
This GOST is in:
Organizations:
19.12.1986 | Approved | USSR State Committee for Standards | 4072 |
---|---|---|---|
Published | IPK Standards Publishing House | 2003 | |
Published | Standards Publishing House | 1987 | |
Designed | Ministry of the shipbuilding industry | ||
Designed | Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR | ||
Designed | State Standard of the USSR | ||
Designed | USSR Ministry of Health | ||
Designed | Ministry of Electrical Industry | ||
Designed | Gosstroy of the USSR | ||
Designed | All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions |
Occupational safety standards system. Electric welding works. safety requirements
- PUERules for the installation of electrical installations
- GOST 12.4.059-89System of labor safety standards. Construction. Inventory safety fences. General specifications
- GOST 24940-96
- GOST 23407-78Inventory fencing of construction sites and sites for the production of construction and installation works. Specifications
- GOST 24258-88Scaffolding tools. General specifications
- GOST 26887-86Platforms and stairs for construction and installation works. General specifications
- GOST 27321-87Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications. Replaced by GOST 27321-2018.
- GOST 12.0.003-74Dangerous and harmful production factors. Classification. Replaced by GOST 12.0.003-2015.
- GOST 12.1.003-83System of labor safety standards. Noise. General safety requirements . Replaced by GOST 12.1.003-2014.
- GOST 12.1.004-91System of labor safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements
- GOST 12.1.005-88System of labor safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area
- GOST 12.1.010-76System of labor safety standards. Explosion safety. General requirements
- GOST 12.1.012-90System of labor safety standards. vibration safety. General requirements . Replaced by GOST 12.1.012-2004.
- GOST 12.1.019-79General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
- GOST 12.1.030-81System of labor safety standards. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, grounding
- GOST 12.1.038-82System of labor safety standards. Electrical safety. Maximum allowable values of touch voltages and currents
- GOST 12.1.044-89System of labor safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination. Replaced by GOST 12.1.044-2018.
- GOST 12.2.032-78sitting. General ergonomic requirements
- GOST 12.2.033-78System of labor safety standards. Workplace when performing work standing. General ergonomic requirements
- GOST 12.3.018-79System of labor safety standards. Ventilation systems. Aerodynamic test methods
- GOST 12.4.026-76System of labor safety standards. Signal colors and safety signs
- GOST 12.1.002-84System of labor safety standards. Electric fields of industrial frequency. Permissible levels of tension and requirements for monitoring in the workplace
- GOST 12.1.006-84System of labor safety standards. Electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies. Permissible levels in the workplace and requirements for monitoring
- GOST 12.1.050-86System of labor safety standards. Methods for measuring noise in the workplace
- GOST 12.2.003-91System of labor safety standards. Production equipment. General safety requirements
- GOST 12.2.061-81System of labor safety standards. Production equipment. General requirements safety to workplaces
- GOST 12.3.020-80movement of goods in enterprises. General safety requirements
- GOST 12.3.002-75System of labor safety standards. Processes production. General safety requirements . Replaced by GOST 12.3.002-2014.
- GOST R 12.4.026-2001System of labor safety standards. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test Methods
- GOST 3.1120-83Unified system of technological documentation. General rules for the reflection and registration of labor safety requirements in technological documentation
- GOST 12.1.035-81System of labor safety standards. Equipment for arc and contact electric welding. Permissible noise levels and measurement methods
- GOST 12.2.007.8-75System of labor safety standards. Electric welding and plasma processing devices. Safety requirements
- GOST 12.2.049-80General ergonomic requirements
- GOST 12.2.062-81System of labor safety standards. Production equipment. Protective fences
- GOST 21889-76System"Man-machine". Operator's chair. General ergonomic requirements
- GOST 24940-81Buildings and constructions. Methods for Measuring Illumination. Replaced by GOST 24940-96.
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INTERSTATE STANDARD
SYSTEM OF WORK SAFETY STANDARDS
ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
IPK STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE
Moscow
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Occupational safety standards system ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS Safety requirements Occupational safety standards system. Electric welding works. |
GOST |
Edition (July 2003) with Amendment No. 1 approved in May 1989 (IUS 8-89)
Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 19, 1986 No. 4072 set the date of introduction as 01.01.88
This standard applies to electric welding (hereinafter - welding) in all sectors of the national economy and establishes safety requirements for manual and mechanized arc welding of metals, including submerged arc and shielding gases, electroslag and contact welding.
The standard does not apply to electric welding work performed under water, in mines, mines, space, vacuum, explosion and laser, welding of non-metallic materials, as well as gas and thermal arc cutting and plasma processing of metals at installations generating low-temperature plasma.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Welding must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.1.004-91, GOST 12.1.010-76, GOST 12.3.002-75, sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, fire safety rules for carrying out welding and other hot work at the objects of the national economy, approved by the GUPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
1.2. The list of hazardous and harmful production factors arising from welding is given in the reference appendix in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74.
1.3. The concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area when performing various types of welding should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) regulated by GOST 12.1.005-88 and the MPC lists approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
The parameters of the microclimate at workplaces must comply with the requirements of the sanitary norms for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.4. The levels of hazardous and harmful production factors in the working area should not exceed the established values: noise level - in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83 and sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health; levels of local and general vibration - in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-90 and sanitary rules approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.5. Electric fields of industrial frequency currents must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.002-84; magnetic fields - the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR; maximum permissible levels of voltages and currents - according to GOST 12.1.038-82; protective grounding and zeroing - in accordance with GOST 12.1.030-81; electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - according to GOST 12.1.006-84; the levels of ionizing radiation must not exceed the radiation safety standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.6. Signal colors and safety signs - in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 *.
* GOST R 12.4.026-2001 is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
2.1. The organization of technological processes of welding must comply with the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) and provide for the maximum possible mechanization, automation, remote control of the welding process or its individual elements, and measures must be taken to localize dangerous and harmful production factors.
2.2. In the regulatory documentation for specific types of welding, safety requirements must be established in accordance with this standard and reflected in the technological documentation in accordance with GOST 3.1120-83.
2.3. The equipment used for welding must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91, GOST 12.2.049-80; safety requirements for electrical devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.8-75, the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE), the rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers (PTE) and the safety rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers (PTB).
2.4. For mechanized welding, stationary, portable or local air inlets built into the welding equipment should be used.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.5. Welding of products of medium and small sizes in stationary conditions should be carried out in specially equipped cabins. Cabins must be open top and made of non-combustible materials. A gap should be left between the wall and the floor of the cabin, the height of which is determined by the type of welding. The cabin area should be sufficient to accommodate welding equipment, a table, a local exhaust ventilation device, a welded product, and a tool. The free area in the cabin for one welding station must be at least 3 m 2.
2.6. When welding products on flow-mechanized and automated lines, local exhaust devices built into the equipment of the lines should be provided. It is allowed to use welding equipment with built-in local air inlets.
2.7. Welding is not allowed when the local exhaust ventilation is not working.
2.8. Welding in confined and hard-to-reach spaces * must be carried out on the basis of a permit for especially dangerous work under the following conditions:
* Closed spaces (premises) are spaces bounded by surfaces, having hatches (manholes), with dimensions that prevent free and quick passage of workers through them and impede natural air exchange; hard-to-reach spaces (rooms) should be considered those in which, due to their small size, it is difficult to perform work, and natural air exchange is insufficient.
installation of control posts for monitoring electric welders;
the presence of a hatch (hatches) for laying communications and evacuation of workers;
continuous operation of local exhaust ventilation and means that exclude the accumulation of harmful substances in the air above the maximum permissible concentrations and the oxygen content is less than 19% (by volume);
the presence in the welding equipment of a device for stopping the supply of shielding gas when the voltage in the welding circuit is turned off;
the presence of an open-circuit voltage limiter for manual arc welding with alternating current. The limiter, made in the form of a prefix, must be grounded with a separate conductor.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.9. Before welding vessels containing flammable liquids and harmful substances, they must be cleaned, washed, dried, ventilated and checked for the absence of a dangerous concentration of harmful substances in accordance with the PTE and PTB approved by Glavgosenergonadzor.
2.10. When welding highly reflective materials (aluminum, aluminum alloys, titanium-based alloys, stainless steel), to protect electric welders and those working nearby from reflected optical radiation, it is necessary to shield the welding arc with built-in or portable shields and, if possible, shield the surfaces of the products being welded.
2.11. Safety requirements for manual arc welding
2.11.1. Stationary welding stations must be equipped with local exhausts. The volume of air removed for a standard welding table from one post should be taken at least 1500 m 3 / h, and the suction speed at the welding point should be at least 0.2 m / s.
When welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces, at least 150 m 3 / h of air should be removed from one post by portable air inlets.
2.11.2. The placement of argon-arc welding stations should exclude the possibility of leakage and penetration of shielding gas into adjacent and lower rooms.
2.11.3. When manual welding with stick electrodes, portable small-sized air inlets with pneumatic, magnetic and other holders should be used.
2.11.4. When welding with thoriated electrodes, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the basic sanitary rules when working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation and sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
2.11.5. The supply of shielding gas when welding with thoriated electrodes should stop only after the end of the thoriated electrode cools down after 20-30 s after the end of welding.
2.12. Safety requirements for mechanized welding in shielding gases
2.12.1. When performing automatic welding on an installation whose welding head is located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor level, a working platform for the operator must be provided.
The site must have a non-conductive coating and fencing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89.
2.12.2. Local air inlets built into the welding equipment should remove air:
with semi-automatic welding in CO 2 at currents of 250 - 500 A - at least 50 m 3 / h;
when welding in inert and mixtures of gases, during automatic welding in CO 2 - at least 150 m 3 / h of air.
Suction speed for welding in inert gases and mixtures is not more than 0.3 m/s, for welding in active gases and their mixtures, as well as for welding in mixtures of active gases with inert gases, not more than 0.5 m/s.
2.12.3. The operation of cylinders, containers with liquefied gas and ramps must be carried out in accordance with the rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.
2.13. Safety requirements for submerged arc welding
2.13.1. Submerged arc welding at stationary stations should be carried out with a device for mechanized filling of the flux into the weld pool, a flux extractor with a storage hopper and a filter (when air is returned to the premises).
2.13.2. When submerged arc welding by semi-automatic devices, mobile or portable flux-suction devices should be used.
2.13.3. When removing slag manually, the worker must be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment.
2.14. Safety requirements for resistance welding
2.14.1. When organizing resistance welding processes, machines must be equipped with protective devices (screens) that protect workers from splashes of molten metal, magnetic radiation and other harmful factors.
2.14.2. The location of protective devices (screens) should not limit the technological capabilities of the machine and its operation.
2.14.3. Protective devices that are manually moved during the operation of the machine must have a mass of not more than 6 kg and fastening that does not require the use of keys and screwdrivers.
2.14.4. The movement of protective devices of the opening type must be carried out with a force of not more than 40 N (4 kgf).
2.14.5. In contact welding of ferrous metals with a clean surface (with the exception of flash butt welding), it is allowed to work only with general ventilation of the room. Air exchange should be taken: 5000 m 3 / h of air for every 75 kVA of machine power for butt welding and 600 m 3 / h of air for every 50 kVA for spot and seam welding.
2.14.6. In contact welding (spot, seam, relief, butt resistance) of non-ferrous metals, special steels and ferrous metals with coatings, work should be done with local exhaust ventilation that removes welding aerosol directly from the source of its formation.
2.14.7. Flash butt welding machines should be equipped with fume hoods.
2.14.8. During butt welding by flashing, the volume of air removed from the exhaust shelter must provide a suction rate through leaks of at least 1 m/s.
2.14.9. Cleaning and replacement of electrodes on contact machines should be carried out in a position that prevents accidental compression of the electrodes.
2.15. Safety requirements for electroslag welding
2.15.1. In electroslag welding, the processes of flux delivery to the workplace, loading into hoppers and filling it into the weld pool must be mechanized.
2.15.2. The areas of the weld pool and flux melting must be equipped with local exhaust devices.
2.15.3. When conducting electroslag welding, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the surface of water-cooled sliders, linings and other devices to the product to be welded.
2.15.4. To protect workers from harmful factors during electroslag welding, screens, canopies, booths and other protective devices should be used.
2.15.5. Electroslag welding installations should be controlled from a control panel built into the installation.
If there is more than one control body for the same parameter from different posts, the possibility of simultaneous control from different posts should be excluded.
2.15.6. During electroslag welding of large-sized products with heating, the operator's workplaces should be placed in cabins made of thermally insulating material, equipped with air conditioners and remote control panels for the process.
2.15.7. Preparatory work (flux melting, pouring liquid slag into the weld pool) must be carried out taking into account the requirements for manual pouring of metal with a volume of 5-6 liters, approved in the prescribed manner.
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
3.1. Industrial premises for carrying out electric welding work must meet the requirements of the current building codes and regulations, sanitary design standards for industrial enterprises approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and the rules for the installation of electrical installations.
3.2. The workplaces of electric welders must be protected by portable or stationary light-tight fences (shields, screens or screens) made of fireproof material, the height of which must ensure the reliability of protection.
3.3. Walls and equipment of workshops (areas) of electric welding must be painted in gray, yellow or blue tones with diffuse (scattered) reflection of light.
3.4. The distance between the equipment, from the equipment to the walls and columns of the room, as well as the width of the aisles and driveways, must comply with the current building codes for the technological design of procurement shops and GOST 12.3.002-75.
3.5. The width of the aisles on each side of the desktop and rack must be at least 1 m.
3.6. The floors of industrial premises for welding must be fireproof, have low thermal conductivity, have a flat non-slip surface that is easy to clean, and also meet sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with current building codes and regulations.
3.7. Production facilities must be equipped with general-exchange supply and exhaust ventilation that complies with building codes and rules for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
Air exchanges should be designed to dilute harmful substances not captured by local exhaust devices to MPC levels in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88, MPC lists, sanitary standards, building codes and rules approved by the Ministry of Health and Gosstroy of the USSR.
3.8. Distribution of fresh air should be carried out in the working area or inclined jets in the direction of the working area.
It is possible to use concentrated supply through adjustable air distributors.
3.9. In assembly and welding shops, air heating combined with forced ventilation should be provided.
Additionally, if necessary, air-heating units should be used.
3.10. When the intensity of thermal exposure of workers exceeds the sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, special protective equipment should be provided (shielding of the source, air showering, personal protective equipment, etc.).
3.11. Natural and artificial lighting of welding, assembly and welding shops, sites and workplaces must be organized in accordance with building codes and rules for natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and industry documents.
3.12. Lighting when welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces (boilers, compartments, tanks) should be carried out by outdoor lighting with directional lamps or local lighting with hand-held portable lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V.
At the same time, the illumination of the working area should be at least 30 lux.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCATION OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF WORKPLACES
4.1. Safety requirements for the device, equipment and organization of workplaces for welding must comply with GOST 12.2.061-81, the rules for electrical installations and this standard.
4.2. Workplaces in the performance of welding work can be permanent and temporary, stationary and non-stationary. Stationary jobs are organized at operating enterprises in specially equipped premises and open areas.
Non-stationary jobs are organized at enterprises (objects) under construction or operating in the course of construction, installation and other temporary work.
Admission to the production of welding work should be carried out after familiarization with the technical documentation (project for the production of work) and briefing on the operation of equipment and labor protection.
Connecting and disconnecting the power supply of electric welding equipment, as well as its repair, must be carried out by electrical personnel.
4.3. When performing welding work in the same room with other work, measures must be taken to exclude the possibility of exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors on workers.
When welding at different vertical levels, protection of personnel working at lower levels should be provided against accidental falling objects, electrode cinders, metal splashes, etc.
4.4. Zones with the presence of a hazardous production factor should be protected in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407-78 and GOST 12.2.062-81.
4.5. The spatial layout of the welder's workplace in terms of grouping and location of manual controls (levers, switches, etc.) and information display means must meet the ergonomic requirements of GOST 12.2.032-78 and GOST 12.2.033-78.
4.6. A cabin for two or more posts, as well as workplaces for manual and mechanized arc welding welders on production and conveyor lines, must be separated by enclosing screens that protect welders from arc radiation, splashes of molten metal, and provide sufficient space for each worker.
4.7. When welding products with heating, the workplace must be specially equipped with screens, shelters for a heated product or radiation cooling panels that reduce the exposure of the welder in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
4.8. The controls for welding processes on flow-mechanized and conveyor lines should be combined (or located in close proximity) with control panels for lifting vehicles.
4.9. The workplace on a flow-mechanized or conveyor assembly and welding line must be equipped with a chair in accordance with GOST 21889-76 or seats with a back made of non-heat-conducting material.
4.10. Work in confined or confined spaces is carried out by a welder under the supervision of an observer with a safety qualification group II and above, who must be outside. The welder must have a safety belt with a rope, the end of which is at the observer.
4.11. Workplaces located above 1.3 m from ground level or a solid ceiling must be equipped with fences in accordance with GOST 12.4.059-89 with a height of at least 1.1 m, consisting of a handrail, one intermediate element and a side board with a width of at least 0.15 m
4.12. In the production of welding work at a height of more than 5 m, scaffolding (platforms) from non-combustible (hard-to-burn) materials should be arranged in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26887-86, GOST 27321-87, GOST 24258-88.
In the absence of scaffolding (platforms), electric welders must use safety belts and fire-resistant safety halyards with carabiners. Workers should use special bags for tools and collecting electrode stubs.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
4.13. The width of the passages between the equipment, moving mechanisms and moving parts, as well as stationary multi-station power sources, must be at least 1.5 m.
4.14. Passages between stationary single-station power supplies must be at least 0.8 m wide.
When installing a single-station power source against a wall, the distance from the wall to the source must be at least 0.5 m.
4.15. The width of the passages between the contact machines should be: when the workplaces are located opposite each other for point and seam machines - at least 3 m, when the machines are located with the back sides to each other - at least 1 m, when the machines are located with the front and back sides to each other - not less than 1.5 m.
4.16. Stationary workplaces for welding metal structures weighing more than 15 kg must be equipped with assembly stands and lifting devices in accordance with sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
When welding small and small-sized (weighing up to 15 kg) products, stationary workplaces should be equipped with tables for welders.
4.17. (Deleted, Rev. No. 1).
4.18. Stationary stands for welding products should be equipped with rotary-lifting exhaust devices and movable air inlets.
4.19. When carrying out electric welding work at low temperatures (below minus 20 ° C), conditions must be provided that meet the requirements of building codes and regulations approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR INITIAL MATERIALS, BLANKS, THEIR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
5.1. Storage of initial welding consumables and finished products must be carried out in warehouses equipped and maintained in accordance with the requirements of construction, sanitary and fire safety standards and regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
5.2. When storing workpieces to be welded, welding materials and finished products, there should not be any interference with natural lighting, ventilation, passage, passage, use of fire equipment and protective equipment for workers.
5.3. The calcination and drying of wire, flux, electrodes must be carried out in equipment specially designed for this purpose.
5.4. Operations for sharpening thoriated electrodes should be carried out on grinding machines installed in separate rooms and equipped with local suctions. Abrasive dust should be collected in closed metal containers and removed to a collection of solid radioactive waste.
5.5. Degreasing of the surfaces of the products to be welded should be carried out with solutions, the composition of which is approved for use by the sanitary and fire supervision authorities.
5.6. When performing work in assembly and welding shops during the cold season, blanks and products to be welded must be delivered to the shop in advance so that by the beginning of welding their temperature is not lower than the air temperature in the shop.
5.7. Waste materials (electrode cinders, slag crust, technological samples, degreasing waste, etc.) should be collected in metal containers and, as accumulated, removed from the sites to the places designated on the territory of the enterprise for collection and disposal.
5.8. Transportation of raw materials and finished products - according to GOST 12.3.020-80.
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL ALLOWED TO PERFORM WELDING WORKS
6.1. Welding is allowed for persons who have been trained, instructed and tested for knowledge of safety requirements, who have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II and who have the appropriate certificates.
6.2. Welders and assistant welders who have undergone additional training in ESW technology and a test of knowledge of safety requirements are allowed to perform electroslag welding. An assistant welder is not allowed to independently perform electroslag welding.
6.3. Workers who have passed a special medical examination, have at least one year of experience in climbing and have a welder rank of at least III are allowed to work at heights *.
* At a height of more than 5 m from the ground, ceiling or working platform, on which work is carried out directly with the structure, when the main means of preventing falls from a height is a safety belt.
6.4. Women are not allowed to weld in accordance with the list of industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, where the use of women's labor is prohibited, approved in accordance with the established procedure.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS
7.1. Workers of welding professions must be provided with overalls and other personal protective equipment, taking into account the conditions of work in accordance with standard industry standards approved in the prescribed manner.
7.2. Preventive processing of personal protective equipment for workers - according to regulatory documentation.
Sec. 7. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
8. METHODS OF CONTROL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
8.1. Control over the state of air in the working area - according to GOST 12.1.005-88.
8.2. Checking the state of the air environment is carried out by determining the concentration of harmful substances in the breathing zone (under the shield) of the worker, as well as in the air of industrial premises.
8.3. Determination of harmful substances is carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the determination of harmful substances in welding aerosol (solid phase and gases), approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Control over the temperature of working surfaces, microclimatic conditions and the level of infrared radiation must be carried out in accordance with the methods approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.4. Methods for measuring noise at workplaces - according to GOST 12.1.050-86 and GOST 12.1.035-81.
8.5. Methods for measuring local vibration - according to GOST 12.1.012-90. The method for measuring vibration at workplaces in industrial premises is in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-90 and guidelines for measuring and hygienic assessment of industrial vibrations approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.6. Dosimetric control when working with thoriated electrodes is carried out in accordance with the basic sanitary rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.7. Method for controlling the intensity of electric fields of industrial frequency at workplaces - according to GOST 12.1.002-84; magnetic field strengths - in accordance with the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.8. The control of ventilation systems by the method of aerodynamic tests in welding shops must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.018-79 and the rules for sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems for industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
8.9. Illumination control at workplaces should be carried out in accordance with the sanitary norms and rules for natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR Gosstroy, and the requirements for preventive and current sanitary supervision of artificial lighting at industrial enterprises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Methods for measuring illumination - according to GOST 24940-96.
8.10. Control over the state of electrical equipment and its safe operation is carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.019-79 and PUE, PTE and PTB, approved by the Glavgosenergonadzor of the USSR.
semi-automatic
automatic
automatic heated or multi-pass
without heating
heated
semi-automatic
semi-automatic with heating
automatic
point
butt
embossed
1. Physical factors
1.1. Moving machines and mechanisms, moving products, blanks and materials
1.2. Increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area
1.3. Elevated temperature of surfaces of equipment, materials
1.4. Increased air temperature of the working area
1.5. Increased noise level in the workplace
1.6. A dangerous level of voltage in an electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body
1.7. Increased level of electromagnetic radiation
1.8. Increased light brightness
1.9. Increased levels of ultraviolet radiation
1.10. Increased level of infrared radiation
2. Chemical factors(welding sprays)
3. Psychophysiological factors
3.1. Physical overload
3.2. Neuropsychic overload
Legend: + the presence of a factor; - the absence of a factor.
SYSTEM OF WORK SAFETY STANDARDS
ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
GOST 12.3.003-86
USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow
DEVELOPED
All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions
USSR State Committee for Standards
Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR
USSR Ministry of Health
Ministry of Electrical Industry
Ministry of the shipbuilding industry
USSR State Committee for Construction of the USSR
PERFORMERS
I. S. Alekseeva, cand. honey. sciences; M. I. Grimitlin, Dr. tech. sciences; G. P. Savorsky; N. F. Izmerov, dr. med. sciences; A. A. Kasparov, dr. med. sciences; S. N. Akkuratnova; A. P. Golovatyuk, cand. honey. sciences; L. N. Gorban, cand. honey. sciences; E. P. Tupchiy; A. F. Garbul; A. A. Kuznetsov; V. P. Golub, cand. tech. sciences; D. I. Chashnikov, cand. tech. sciences; V. A. Alekseev, cand. tech. sciences (topic leaders); L. A. Serebryany, dr. med. sciences; V. I. Kireev, cand. biol. sciences; L. A. Naumova, cand. honey. sciences; M. M. Ivanenko; A. N. Fortunatov; G. N. Lashchuk, cand. honey. sciences; A. V. Ryazanov; Yu. A. Kogan; A. A. Ivanov; Yu. K. Kushev, cand. tech. sciences; V. V. Vaseneva; N. O. Melsitova; O. V. Vasilkevich; L. A. Potanina; E. F. Zakharova
INTRODUCED by the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions
Head department of labor protection A. P. Semenov
APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 19, 1986 No. 4072
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Occupational safety standards system ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS Safety requirements Occupational safety standards system |
GOST Instead |
Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 19, 1986 No. 4072 established the deadline for introduction
from 01.01.88
This standard applies to electric welding (hereinafter - welding) in all sectors of the national economy and establishes safety requirements for manual and mechanized arc welding of metals, including submerged arc and shielding gases, electroslag and contact welding.
The standard does not apply to electric welding work performed under water, in mines, mines, space, vacuum, explosion and laser, welding of non-metallic materials, as well as gas and thermal arc cutting and plasma processing of metals at installations generating low-temperature plasma.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Welding must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.1.004-85, GOST 12.1.010-76, GOST 12.3.002-75, sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, fire safety rules for carrying out welding and other hot work at the objects of the national economy, approved by the GUPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
1.2. The list of hazardous and harmful production factors arising from welding is given in the reference appendix in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74.
1.3. The concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area when performing various types of welding should not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) regulated by GOST 12.1.005-88 and the MPC lists approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
The parameters of the microclimate at workplaces must comply with the requirements of the sanitary norms for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.4. The levels of hazardous and harmful production factors in the working area should not exceed the established values: noise level - in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83 and sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health; levels of local and general vibration - in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-78 and sanitary rules approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.5. Electric fields of industrial frequency currents must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.002-84; magnetic fields - the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR; maximum allowable levels of voltages and currents - according to GOST 12.1.038-82; protective grounding and zeroing - according to GOST 12.1.030-81; electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - according to GOST 12.1.006-84; the levels of ionizing radiation should not exceed the radiation safety standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.6. Signal colors and safety signs - according to GOST 12.4.026-76.
1. REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
2.1. The organization of technological processes of welding must comply with the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) and provide for the maximum possible mechanization, automation, remote control of welding processes or its individual elements, and measures must also be taken to localize dangerous and harmful production factors.
2.2. In the normative and technical documentation for specific types of welding, safety requirements must be established in accordance with this standard and reflected in the technological documentation in accordance with GOST 3.1.120-83.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.3. The equipment used for welding must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-74, GOST 12.2.049-80; safety requirements for electrical devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.8-75, electrical installation rules (PUE), rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE) and safety regulations for the operation of consumer electrical installations (PTB).
2.4. For mechanized welding, stationary, portable or local air inlets built into the welding equipment should be used.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.5. Welding of products of medium and small sizes in stationary conditions should be carried out in specially equipped cabins. Cabins must be open top and made of non-combustible materials. A gap should be left between the wall and the floor of the cabin, the height of which is determined by the type of welding. The cabin area should be sufficient to accommodate welding equipment, a table, a local exhaust ventilation device, a welded product, and a tool. The free area in the cabin for one welding station must be at least 3 m 2.
2.6. When welding products on flow-mechanized and automated lines, local exhaust devices built into the equipment of the lines should be provided. It is allowed to use welding equipment with built-in local air inlets.
2.7. Welding is not allowed when the local exhaust ventilation is not working.
2.8. Welding in confined and hard-to-reach spaces* must be carried out on the basis of a work permit for especially dangerous work, provided that the following conditions are met:
installation of control posts for monitoring electric welders;
the presence of a hatch (hatches) for laying communications and evacuation of workers;
continuous operation of local exhaust ventilation and means that exclude the accumulation of harmful substances in the air above the maximum permissible concentrations and the oxygen content is less than 19% (by volume);
the presence in the welding equipment of a device for stopping the supply of shielding gas when the voltage in the welding circuit is turned off;
the presence of an open-circuit voltage limiter for manual arc welding with alternating current. The limiter, made in the form of a prefix, must be grounded with a separate conductor.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
* Closed spaces (premises) are spaces bounded by surfaces, having hatches (manholes), with dimensions that prevent free and quick passage of workers through them and impede natural air exchange; hard-to-reach spaces (rooms) should be considered those in which, due to their small size, it is difficult to perform work, and natural air exchange is insufficient.
2.9. Before welding vessels containing flammable liquids and harmful substances, they must be cleaned, washed, dried, ventilated and checked for the absence of a dangerous concentration of harmful substances in accordance with the PTE and PTB approved by the Main State Energy Supervision Authority.
2.10. When welding highly reflective materials (aluminum, aluminum alloys, titanium-based alloys, stainless steel), in order to protect electric welders and those working nearby from reflected optical radiation, it is necessary to shield the welding arc with built-in or portable shields and, if possible, shield the surfaces of the products being welded.
2.11. Safety requirements for manual arc welding
2.11.1. Stationary welding stations must be equipped with local exhausts. The volume of air removed for a standard welding table from one post should be taken at least 1500 m 3 / h, and the suction speed at the welding point should be at least 0.2 m / s.
When welding inside closed and hard-to-reach spaces, at least 150 m 3 / h of air should be removed from one post by portable air inlets.
2.11.2. The placement of argon-arc welding stations should exclude the possibility of leakage and penetration of shielding gas into adjacent and lower rooms.
2.11.3. When manual welding with stick electrodes, portable small-sized air inlets with pneumatic, magnetic and other holders should be used.
2.11.4. When welding with thoriated electrodes, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the basic sanitary rules when working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation and sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
2.11.5. The supply of shielding gas during welding with thoriated electrodes should stop only after the end of the thoriated electrode has cooled down after 20–30 s after welding is completed.
2.12. Safety requirements for mechanized welding in shielding gases
2.12.1. When performing automatic welding on an installation whose welding head is located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor level, a working platform for the operator must be provided.
The site must have a non-conductive coating and a fence in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-78.
2.12.2. Local air inlets built into the welding equipment should remove air:
for semi-automatic welding in CO 2 at currents of 250 - 500 A - not less than 50 m 3 / h;
when welding in inert and mixtures of gases, during automatic welding in CO 2 - at least 150 m 3 / h of air.
Suction speed for welding in inert gases and mixtures is not more than 0.3 m/s, for welding in active gases and their mixtures, as well as for welding in mixtures of active gases with inert gases, not more than 0.5 m/s.
2.12.3. The operation of cylinders, containers with liquefied gas and ramps must be carried out in accordance with the rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.
2.13. Safety requirements for submerged arc welding
2.13.1. Submerged arc welding at stationary stations should be carried out with a device for mechanized filling of the flux into the weld pool, a flux extractor with a storage hopper and a filter (when air is returned to the premises).
2.13.2. When submerged arc welding by semi-automatic devices, mobile or portable flux-suction devices should be used.
2.13.3. When removing slag manually, the worker must be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment.
2.14. Safety requirements for resistance welding
12.14.1. When organizing resistance welding processes, machines must be equipped with protective devices (screens) that protect workers from splashes of molten metal, magnetic radiation and other harmful factors.
2.14.2. The location of protective devices (screens) should not limit the technological capabilities of the machine and its operation.
2.14.3. Protective devices that are manually moved during the operation of the machine must have a mass of not more than 6 kg and fastening that does not require the use of keys and screwdrivers.
2.14.4. The movement of protective devices of the opening type must be carried out with a force of not more than 40 N (4 kgf).
2.14.5. In contact welding of ferrous metals with a clean surface (with the exception of flash butt welding), it is allowed to work only with general ventilation of the room. Air exchange should be taken: 5000 m 3 / h of air for every 75 kVA of machine power for butt welding and 600 m 3 / h of air for every 50 kVA for spot and seam welding.
2.14.6. In contact welding (spot, seam, relief, butt resistance) of non-ferrous metals, special steels and ferrous metals with coatings, work should be done with local exhaust ventilation that removes welding aerosol directly from the source of its formation.
2.14.7. Flash butt welding machines should be equipped with fume hoods.
2.14.8. In fused butt welding, the volume of air removed from the exhaust shelter must provide a suction rate through leaks of at least 1 m/s.
2.14.9. Cleaning and replacement of electrodes on contact machines should be carried out in a position that prevents accidental compression of the electrodes.
2.15. Safety requirements for electroslag welding
2.15.1. In electroslag welding, the processes of flux delivery to the workplace, loading into hoppers and filling it into the weld pool must be mechanized.
2.15.2. The areas of the weld pool and flux melting must be equipped with local exhaust devices.
2.15.3. When conducting electroslag welding, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the surface of water-cooled sliders, linings and other devices to the product to be welded.
2.15.4. To protect workers from harmful factors during electroslag welding, screens, canopies, booths and other protective devices should be used.
2.15.5. Electroslag welding installations should be controlled from a control panel built into the installation.
If there is more than one control body for the same parameter from different posts, the possibility of simultaneous control from different posts should be excluded.
2.15.6. During electroslag welding of large-sized products with heating, the workplaces of operators should be placed in cabins made of thermally insulating material, equipped with air conditioners and remote control panels for the process.
2.15.7. Preparatory work (flux melting, pouring liquid slag into the weld pool) must be carried out taking into account the requirements for manual pouring of metal with a volume of 5-6 liters, approved in the prescribed manner.
Free download GOST 12.3.003-86 * - SSBT. Electrical works. Safety requirements
GOST 12.3.003-86 *
1.1. Welding must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.1.004-91, GOST 12.1.010-76, GOST 12.3.002-75, sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and cutting metals approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, fire safety rules for carrying out welding and other hot work at the objects of the national economy, approved by the GUPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
1.2. The list of hazardous and harmful production factors arising from welding is given in the reference appendix in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74.
1.3. The concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area when performing various types of welding should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) regulated by GOST 12.1.005-88 and the MPC lists approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
The parameters of the microclimate at workplaces must comply with the requirements of the sanitary norms for the microclimate of industrial premises approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.4. The levels of hazardous and harmful production factors in the working area should not exceed the established values: noise level - in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83 and sanitary standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health; levels of local and general vibration - in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-90 and sanitary rules approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.5. Electric fields of industrial frequency currents must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.002-84; magnetic fields - the maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR; maximum allowable levels of voltages and currents - according to GOST 12.1.038-82; protective grounding and zeroing - according to GOST 12.1.030-81; electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - according to GOST 12.1.006-84; the levels of ionizing radiation must not exceed the radiation safety standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
1.6. Signal colors and safety signs - according to GOST 12.4.026-76.
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