Ivan Susanin Ryleev summary. Why is Ivan Susanin famous? Biography, feat and interesting facts. A short message about Ivan Susanin
Opera in 4 acts, 5 scenes, with an epilogue. The plot is based on the historical feat of the peasant Ivan Susanin, accomplished by him in 1612. Act I Early autumn 1612. Domnino village. One of the detachments of the people's militia passes through the village, rising against the troops of the Polish lords who attacked Russia. Peasants greet their defenders with great love, bring them mash, bread, honey. Together with the militia, they recall the glorious battles of the Russian people with foreigners on Lake Peipus and on the Kulikovo field: “Whoever dares to Russia will find death!” The militia disperse to the peasant huts to rest. Antonida, the daughter of the peasant Ivan Susanin, is sad. She remembers her fiancé Bogdan Sobinin, who is fighting the Poles. “Will he return soon, when is the wedding to be?”. “What to guess about the wedding? her father answers. “There is no end to grief.” A song comes from the river.
Brief summary of the opera Ivan Susanin Glinka for the reader's diary
They are looking for a person who would lead them to Moscow. Susanin at first categorically refuses even for a fee, but suddenly agrees. He has an idea to lead the enemy into the wilderness. Vanya, at the request of Susanin, warns the Russian detachment led by Minin of the impending danger.
Upon learning of what had happened, Sobinin hurries to help his people. In the fourth act, Susanin leads the enemies into the wilderness.
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They were hungry, cold and tired. The next day, the Poles realized that Susanin had deceived them, and they could not get out of the forest. They kill him. The epilogue is a folk festival in honor of the victory.
The tsar was saved, Susanin's relatives are in mourning. They mourn for their father.
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- Glinka - Ivan Susanin
- Glinka made an original wedding gift for his student Anna, he expanded the role of Susanin's adopted son, adding a big scene when Vanya runs up to the walls of the monastery to warn Minin of the danger. And the opera had already been written and rehearsed. Later, this scene became one of the most memorable.
- A contemporary and acquaintance of Glinka, Prince Odoevsky, said that initially on storyline Ivan Susanin, the composer wanted to write an oratorio, not an opera.
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Summary
The opera based on the text by S. Gorodetsky consists of four acts and contains an epilogue. The following characters are involved in the scenes: Susanin Ivan, a peasant from the village of Domnino, his daughter Antonida, Susanin's stepson Ivan, Antonida's fiancé, a militiaman, Sobinin Bogdan, the Polish king Sigismund, a Polish messenger and a Russian warrior.
The opera features bass, tenor, soprano, contralto; the Russian peasant choir, the choir of Polish pannochki, the choir of knights, the choir of the militia, the ballet of Polish lords and pannochki are involved. The action covers the autumn of 1612 and the winter of 1613, moving from the village of Domnino to the castle of King Sigismund in Poland, then to Ivan Susanin's hut, then to the forests, then to Red Square in Moscow.
"Ivan Susanin": a summary of the opera and the history of creation
The part of Susanin was composed under Osip, and the part of Vanya under Anna, which is why this role was written for a low, rare female voice - contralto.
Music Domestic heroic-tragic work - such a characteristic was given to his opera by M.I.
Glinka.
Opera "Ivan Susanin": a summary
They demand to know where Minin is, where his camp is. Susanin says that he does not know anything - he has a wedding today, he is waiting for guests.
The Poles order the old man to lead them to Moscow along the shortest road. “There is no way for strangers to Moscow!” - exclaims Susanin. Enemies draw their sabers. “I am not afraid of fear,” Susanin says proudly, “I am not afraid of death, I will lie down for my native Russia!” The Poles decide to bribe Susanin, who in the meantime secretly sends Vanya to the settlement to warn Minin.
Enemies offer Susanin gold. Then he feignedly agrees to lead them to Moscow - "and then I'll take the money." The enemy detachment takes Susanin away. Antonida is in despair.
Her friends come, invited to a bachelorette party. They console the crying girl. Sobinin returns with his friends. After learning what happened, he decides to set off in pursuit of the enemies.
one more step
The original title of the opera was A Life for the Tsar (it was performed under this title until the revolution of 1917). The premiere took place on November 27 (December 9), 1836 at the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre.
The opera was enthusiastically received by the advanced part of society. “With Glinka’s opera,” wrote his contemporary, music critic V. F. Odoevsky, “is something that has long been sought and not found in Europe - a new element in art and a new period begins in its history: the period of Russian music.”
In 1939 the poet S.M. Gorodetsky subjected the original libretto by G.F. Rosen. The stage history of this creation is connected with the names of S.
V. Rakhmaninov, F. I. Chaliapin, A. V. Nezhdanova, M. D. Mikhailov and other outstanding Russian performers.
IVAN SUSANIN Opera in four acts with an epilogue New text by S.
5votes: 88 Operas. Brief contents of works
Picture or drawing of Glinka by Ivan Susanin Other retellings for the reader's diary
Opera Ivan Susanin short obsession for children
They yearn for Ivan Susanin. The military detachment, having noticed them, slows down and wonders why they are sad when everyone is happy? When the soldiers find out that this is the family of Susanin, who saved the king, they also express their grief over his death. From the libretto of the opera "Ivan Susanin" one can learn that the soldiers took full revenge on the enemies for the death of the protagonist. The triumphant people sing to the glory of the tsar on Red Square in Moscow, bells are heard everywhere. The Tsar's train is heading to the Spassky Gates of the Kremlin.
The heroes of the opera "Ivan Susanin" carry in their images character traits Russian people: masculinity and the ability to sacrifice oneself for the sake of lofty goals (Susanin), courage and determination (Sobinin), loyalty and humility (Antonida), devotion and fearlessness (Vanya). The patriotic plot and the wonderful music of Mikhail Glinka ensured this opera an all-Russian and world vocation.
Opera Ivan Susanin summary for grade 3 children
Glinka was especially worried about the lines of the poem telling about the death of Susanin: “... as if by magic,” the composer wrote, “suddenly the plan of the whole opera was created, and the idea of opposing Russian music to Polish music; finally, many topics and even development details - all this flashed in my head at once. ... A traitor, they thought, you found in me; They are not and will not be on the Russian land! In it, everyone loves his homeland from infancy And will not destroy his soul by betrayal. "The villain! - shouted the enemies, boiling over, - You will die under the swords - "Your anger is not terrible! Whoever is Russian at heart, cheerfully and boldly, And joyfully dies for a just cause! .. (an excerpt from K.F. Ryleev’s poem “Ivan Susanin”) The idea thrown up by Zhukovsky completely took over M. Glinka, and he set to work. The composer dubbed his work a heroic-tragic opera.
Opera Ivan Susanin summary for children grade 3 presentation
Chaliapin in the role of Ivan Susanin At the beginning of 1613, when Moscow had already been liberated from the Polish invaders, detachments of invaders still roamed the Russian land in the hope of turning the tide of the war. One of these detachments wanted to capture the newly elected Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who lived near Kostroma. It was then that a peasant from the village of Domnino, located near Kostroma, Ivan Osipovich Susanin, accomplished his famous feat. Enemies tried to make him their guide, but he led the invaders into the deep forest, killed them, but died at the same time himself. It's real historical event formed the basis of the first in the history of world music heroic folk musical drama "Ivan Susanin" (or as it was called in the first production - "Life for the Tsar"). According to the memoirs of the composer's friends, back in 1832
Opera Ivan Susanin summary for children grade 4
The festivities cease, and the king tells his warriors that he needs a Russian leader, dead or alive. Preparations are underway for the wedding ceremony of Susanin's daughter and militiaman Bogdan in the house of the bride's father. Susanin shares with his adopted son Vanya the news that Minin's camp is not far away, in the Ipatiev Church, and armed warriors join him. During the wedding celebration, the Poles enter the house and force Susanin to show them a secret place where Minin gathers like-minded people. Susanin pretends to be subordinate to them, and he himself comes up with a plan on how to save the leader with the Russian army. A great idea quickly comes to him: he will lead the enemies into the forest, and they will definitely not be able to get out of there on their own.
Meanwhile, Vanya runs to Minin to inform him that the enemies are not far away, and it is necessary to look for a new shelter to gather an army. Sobinin, together with the detachment, runs in pursuit of the aliens.
A native of the Kostroma region, Ivan Susanin is still considered the standard of patriotism. More than one monument has been erected to him, and historians are still arguing about his feat.
Biography
There is no exact data on the date of birth of Ivan Susanin. One can only speculate. Usually, he is portrayed as an old man, but historians suggest that in 1613 he was about 40 years old. Scientists came to such conclusions from information about the daughter of a man who at that time was 16 years old and already married. By origin, Ivan Osipovich was a serf from the village of Domnino and belonged to the landowners Shestov. The mother of Mikhail Romanov was nee Shestova, that is, the village was her homeland. According to some sources, Ivan Susanin was a village headman and was highly respected.
Versions of the feat
There are several versions of how the events took place. Historians still cannot reach a single opinion.
Version #1
The official version of the peasant's feat says that in 1613, after the Zemsky Sobor and the official election of Mikhail Romanov to reign, the Poles should have prevented this. The tsar himself with his mother at that time were just near Kostroma. The Poles, learning about this, went to the village. Approaching Domnino, they met Ivan Susanin, who was forced to show where the young Romanov was hiding. The peasant agreed and led the Poles, but in the opposite direction - to the swamps and forests. Going into the very depths of the forest, the Poles realized that they were going in the other direction and began torturing Susanin. The peasant accepted a painful death, but did not tell where the king was hiding. Mikhail Romanov himself with his mother at that time took refuge behind the walls of the Ipatiev Monastery.
Version #2
Another common version calls the place of death not the swamps and forests of the Kostroma province, but directly the village of Domnino itself. Headman Susanin learned about the close approach of the Poles to the village in advance and managed to hide the king in a ram's pit, having previously thrown burnt branches and various rags. The Lyakhs broke into Ivan Osipovich's house and conducted a search. Finding no one in the house, they began torturing the peasant. Even under terrible torture, Susanin did not reveal the place where the young king hid.
By official version the village itself was originally the burial place of the peasant, and after that the ashes were transferred to the Ipatiev Monastery. But despite this, archaeologists have found several graves of the hero for all the time.
Recognition of a feat
There are no exact versions of how the events took place. There is only documentary evidence of the feat. In 1619, Mikhail Fedorovich, by royal decree, granted Ivan Susanin's son-in-law Bogdan Sobinin half of the village of Derevnishch for the feat of his father-in-law. By this, the Romanovs recognized the feat of the peasant and were grateful to him for the salvation of the royal family and Russia.
Perpetuation of the feat
In 1851, a monument to Ivan Susanin was erected in Kostroma, and the central square began to bear his name. But in 1918, with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, the bust was destroyed. in 1967 the monument was erected again, the inscription on which speaks of Susanin as a patriot of the Russian land.
The name of the national hero Ivan Osipovich Susanin is known to any Russian child of the 3rd grade. Many do not know his biography, but they know that he led someone somewhere into the impenetrable jungle. Let's take a brief look at the biography of this famous person and try to understand what is reality and what is fiction.
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It must be said that not much is known about Ivan. He was born in the Kostroma region in the village of Derevenki. According to other sources, the place of birth is the village of Domnino, which was the patrimony of the Shestov nobles. Who I. Susanin was during his lifetime is also not very clear. According to different sources there are different views:
- Generally accepted - a simple peasant;
- Little accepted - the village headman;
- Little known - Ivan Osipovich acted as a clerk and lived at the court of the Shestov boyars.
For the first time, they learned about him in 1619 from the royal charter of Tsar Mikhail Romanov. From this letter we learn that in the fierce winter of 1612, the Polish-Lithuanian detachment of the Commonwealth appeared. The purpose of the detachment was to find the young Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov and destroy him. At that time, the tsar, together with his mother, nun Martha, lived in the village of Domnino.
A detachment of Poles and Lithuanians advanced along the road to Domnino and met the peasant Ivan Susanin and his son-in-law Bogdan Sobinin. Susanin was ordered to show the way to the court where the young king lives. The peasant reluctantly agreed and led the enemy in the other direction. According to the letter and legend, Ivan led them to the swamps into the impenetrable jungle. When the deception was revealed, the gentry tortured him and cut the body into small pieces. They were never able to get out of the wilds and froze in the swamps. Under the yoke of torture, Ivan Osipovich did not change his decision to destroy the enemy and did not indicate the right path.
History shows that that Susanin led the gentry, and son-in-law Sobinin went to Domnino to warn the king. The king and his mother took refuge in a monastery. Judging by the fact that son-in-law Sobinin is mentioned, it is determined that Susanin's age was about 35-40 years. According to other sources - it was an old man of advanced years.
In 1619, the tsar grants a letter to his son-in-law Bogdan Sobinin to manage half of the village and exempt from taxes. In the future, there were still salaries to the widow of Sobinin and the descendants of Susanin. Since then, the legend of the immortal feat of the Russian peasant Ivan Susanin lives and is passed from mouth to mouth.
The cult of Susanin in Tsarist Russia
In 1767, Catherine the Great traveled to Kostroma. After that, she mentions the feat that the hero accomplished and speaks of him as the savior of the tsar and the entire Romanov family.
Before 1812 little was known about him. The fact is that this year the Russian writer S. N. Glinka wrote about Susanin as a national hero, about his feat, self-sacrifice in the name of the tsar-father and the Fatherland. Since that time, his name has become the property of the entire public of tsarist Russia. He became a character in history textbooks, many operas, poems, stories.
In the reign of Nicholas I, the cult of the hero's personality intensified. It was a political light image tsarist Russia, who advocated the ideals of self-sacrifice for the sake of the tsar, autocracy. The image of a peasant hero, a peasant defender of the Russian land. In 1838, Nicholas I signed a decree renaming the main square of Kostroma into Susaninskaya Square. A monument to the hero was erected on it.
A completely different perception of the image of Susanin was at the beginning of the formation of the power of the Soviets. He was ranked not among the heroes, but among the king's saints. All monuments to the tsars were demolished by Lenin's decree. In 1918 they began to demolish the monument in Kostroma. The square was renamed Revolution Square. In 1934, the monument was completely demolished. But at the same time, the rehabilitation of the image of Susanin as a national hero who gave his life for his homeland began.
In 1967, a monument to Ivan was re-erected in Kostroma. The photo of the monument reveals the image of an ordinary peasant in long clothes. The inscription on the monument reads: "To Ivan Susanin - a patriot of the Russian land."
Not a single royal dynasty came to the throne so unusually as the house of the Romanovs. This remark belongs to the famous writer Ivan Gogol, who, not without reason, believed that the feat of Ivan Susanin inextricably linked the tsar with his subjects. What is known about this landmark event in the history of Russia?
Volkov Adrian – picture Death of Ivan Susanin
Due to the limited source base, the biography of Ivan Susanin is the subject of historical disputes. The only documentary source about his life is Mikhail Fedorovich's charter of 1619. It speaks of granting Susanin's son-in-law half of the village with deliverance from all taxes and duties, while the folk hero is mentioned quite briefly. The rest of the data about the life of this man are legendary.
It is generally accepted that Ivan Susanin was born in the village of Domnino, which is 70 miles from Kostroma. According to one version, he was a serf of the Shestov nobles, according to another, he served as a patrimonial headman. It is known that he had a daughter, Antonida, and a son-in-law, Bogdan Sabinin.
The above royal charter says that in the winter of 1613 the newly elected Tsar Mikhail Romanov lived with his mother Marfa in the village of Domnino. At that time, the Time of Troubles turned from a civil war into a struggle against the interventionists from Poland. The gentry decided to capture the newly elected king, for this purpose a small Polish-Lithuanian detachment went to Domnino.
On the way, the invaders met the peasant Susanin, who was ordered to show the way to the village. But he led the detachment in the opposite direction, and sent his son-in-law Bogdan to Domnino to warn the tsar and his mother of the impending danger. Susanin led the Poles deep into the forest, and then to the Isupovsky swamp, for which he was tortured and killed. It is assumed that at that time this man was already in old age. In the impassable terrain, the enemy detachment also died. At this time, Mikhail Romanov took refuge in the Ipatiev Monastery.
After 6 years, the king thanked the relatives of the peasant who saved him by granting them land and exemption from taxes. The death of Ivan Susanin was not forgotten even later. The descendants of the national hero repeatedly received letters of commendation and preferential decrees until 1837.
The cult of Ivan Susanin during the Russian Empire
In Tsarist Russia, the image of Ivan Susanin was the subject of a cult. Paintings, sculptures, musical and literary works. It was his name that was actively used by official propaganda during the suppression of Polish uprisings and the War of 1812.
In 1838, the central square of the city of Kostroma began to be officially called Susaninskaya. In addition, the hero was depicted among other prominent historical figures on the monument "Millennium of Russia" (1862). Propaganda took its toll, two centuries later, what Susanin did was repeated to some extent by Osip Komissarov, who saved Emperor Alexander II from death. Interestingly, Komissarov was born not far from his native village of Susanin.
Nevertheless, it was in pre-revolutionary Russia that the first criticism of the official version of the feat was voiced. Thus, the historian N. Kostomarov believed that the only reliable fact in the entire history of Susanin was his death from one of the bandits in the Time of Troubles. S. Solovyov was also known for critical reviews of this story, who believed that the peasant was tortured by the Cossacks.
presumed place of death
During the Soviet era, the initial attitude towards Susanin was negative. So, in 1918, the monument to Ivan Susanin was thrown off the pedestal. The folk hero began to be called the royal servant, and the feat for which he became famous was a fairy tale.
Attitudes changed dramatically in the late 1930s. He again entered the list of folk heroes. The district center, near which Susanin once lived, was renamed in his honor. At the same time, a version spread that he was a "patriot of the Russian Land", who fought against foreign invaders, and did not save the tsar. In the 60s of the last century, a monument to Susanin was even erected in Kostroma.
In post-Soviet Russia, the personality of Susanin is interpreted in two ways. Most historians continue to call him a folk hero, while acknowledging that vassal loyalty rather than patriotism prompted him to the feat. There are also several versions of how the events took place. For example, A. Shirokopad believes that Susanin suffered from the piratical raid of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks.
- In some publications, Susanin is credited with the patronymic Osipovich. However, there is no mention of this in the sources, in addition, in the 17th century, it was not customary for peasants to be called by their patronymic.
- In Soviet times, the peasant Matvey Kuzmin was no less famous than Susanin. In 1942, at the cost of his own life, he led a German detachment under machine-gun fire from Soviet soldiers. The enemy detachment was destroyed, but the German commander managed to kill Kuzmin. After the end of World War II, a book appeared describing the exploits of 58 "followers" of Susanin.
In 2003, in the necropolis of the village of Isupovo, remains were discovered that may belong to Susanin. However, professional archaeologists and historians dispute their authenticity.
January 29, 2018
Ivan Susanin short biography for children, described in this article.
A short message about Ivan Susanin
Ivan Osipovich Susanin, in fact, is a rather dark person in the story, in which he is the hero who saved Tsar Mikhail from death. The exact date when Ivan Susanin was born is not known, only the date of death is 1613. It can only be reliably said that he was a peasant living in the Kostroma district, the village of Domnina. His family belonged to the Romanov family.
What did Ivan Susanin do?
You can learn about the feat Ivan Susanin accomplished from the texts of the deed of deed of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. According to it, the peasant Bogdan Sobinin, son-in-law of Ivan Susanin, was granted land for the feat of his father-in-law, who saved Mikhail Fedorovich from the Poles, who wanted to “eliminate” him in order to elevate their protege to the Russian throne.
History says that in the fall of the distant 1612, a "war" for the Russian throne broke out between supporters of the childless tsar and the Poles, who wanted to see their protege at the head of the state. The contender for the Russian throne Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, together with his mother Marfa, left the Kremlin, besieged by troublemakers, and headed towards Domnino - the Makariev Monastery. The Poles, having learned about this journey, wanted to find and eliminate the rival to the throne. Having reached Domnino, they tortured Ivan Susanin and fellow villagers, trying to get information about the whereabouts of Mikhail Fedorovich. Ivan Osipovich understood perfectly well that the Poles would not retreat from their own until they got their own. He pretended to know where Mikhail Fedorovich was and agreed to take them to him if they would stop torturing the villagers. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the swamp. When they realized that the guide had deceived them, they began to abuse and torture Ivan Osipovich. But he, like a real hero, did not say anything to the enemies and accepted death, and Mikhail Fedorovich thereby escaped death at the hands of the Poles.