Smart home control system. Smart home heating. Heating control systems
Is it possible to make your house "smarter"? If you are familiar with microprocessor technology and know how to program, this will not be difficult for you. The main thing is to purchase processor interface devices and find out their data exchange protocols. First you need to understand what we want from our home?
Working with lighting
When we arrive at, the light should turn on there. First - in the hallway, then - in the room or kitchen - depending on where you need to go. To do this, you need to purchase not only switches that can be controlled by electronics, but also a photocell that will register the illumination of the premises. If we have a window in the corridor, then why do we need to turn on the light during the day? And in a room or kitchen there are certainly windows, and when the sun is shining brightly, turning on the lamp will be redundant.
What is the condition for turning on the light?
- The room should be initially dark.
- Someone has to get in there.
To track this moment, you need not only a photocell, but also a motion sensor. They are performed on ultrasound or infrared rays. Which one is more effective is difficult to understand. Both one and the other, in principle, can work erroneously, therefore, in the program algorithm for the main processor, it is necessary to describe by which signal from the motion sensor the switch should operate. It should not react to a flying fly, but it must work on a person. The fly flies past the sensor quickly. Its dimensions are small. The person moves more slowly, and his volume is large. By these criteria, you can track which object is in the room.
Scheme of the "Smart Home" system
If you want the light in the house to accompany your pet, then you need to adjust the program to the nature of the movement of the cat, dog or iguana and turtle. It is clear that the last two pets move more slowly than the first two. Cats and dogs are warm-blooded animals, unlike turtles and iguanas, and if we work with an infrared sensor, we need to take this into account: it will detect animals more quickly than reptiles.
Table on how to save money
Mandatory (periodically) Category "1" | Secondary (one-time) Category "2" |
money eaters Category "3" |
Food, food, etc. | Education (may be categorized as Category 1 in some cases) | Cafes, restaurants, nightclubs |
Utilities (water, gas, electricity) | Furniture | Expensive and useless goodies for health |
Transport (gasoline, payment of fares) | Household and digital appliances | Gambling (poker, betting, etc.) |
Communication (Internet, home and cell phone) | Brand items and accessories | Bad habits (alcohol, smoking) |
clothing | Hobbies and hobbies | Unnecessary Options different devices and processes (individually) |
Working with heating
If you have one in your house, then this is an excellent object for building a smart home model. Usually, modern boilers they can maintain their own set temperature, have control panels and even, in some cases, temperature sensors located in heated rooms. It remains to transfer such a boiler to external processor control.
What is required for this:
- receive a signal from temperature sensors and transmit them to the processor;
- remotely set the desired temperature of the boiler to ensure the desired temperature in the rooms;
- the possibility of programming the operation of the boiler depending on the time of day.
Heating system "Smart House"
There are many articles about smart homes that lower the temperature in the rooms at night to +15°C. Think about it, could you sleep in a room when it's so cold in it? Probably not. Doctors say that the most comfortable temperature for sleep is + 18–19 ° C, and for wakefulness - + 22 ° C. But all this is individual. Some people need higher temperatures to sleep. It depends on the circulation. For example, older people with a thin build can often feel cold. Obese people, on the contrary, are hot, so they need to choose a temperature slightly lower. If your home is smart, then it should serve you, and you do not have to learn to sleep "in the cold." Therefore, write a program for each member of your family and manage your boilers and batteries.
IMPORTANT! Care must be taken when heating a home sauna. It should only be done under human supervision! As smart as the home is, when it comes to extreme temperatures, they need to be brought under personal control.
Working with doors and gates
It can open the gates of the yard or garage, as well as the front doors, which will immediately lock for you. This requires gate motors, motion sensors, photocells, electronically controlled locks. Usually these are magnetic locks, which are successfully used in intercom systems. All this is on sale, so you need to find all those sensitive and executing elements that can exchange data in your processor with a protocol that is understandable to it.
"Smart home" at the gate
When creating a program, do not forget that when the electricity is turned off, the doors and gates are moved to the “open” position. It will not be superfluous to combine gates and doors with fire alarm sensors. At the moment of their operation, the gates and doors must go into the "open" state. At the same time, we should not forget about the mechanical heck that will protect you from the intrusion of intruders at a time when you do not have electricity.
How to work with the processor
When you start writing algorithms for the processor, you may encounter the fact that its speed is not enough. This can happen for various reasons:
- at some point you will want to build up the system, putting, for example, water sensors;
- you will have a desire to make more gradations to control the temperature in the house;
- you will want to install a burglar alarm integrated into your smart home.
Scheme of interconnection in the "Smart Home" system
These are only approximate reasons. But no matter how much you want to load your processor, it has its own speed, its own number of inputs and outputs, and so on. And if you can’t do anything with the number of outputs and inputs - you can’t increase them, then you can easily and gracefully figure out the speed: learn the assembler. If you write your algorithm not in a programming language top level, and in those commands that this particular processor that you have chosen understands, it will perceive and execute the program several times faster.
Even a modest processor speed is enough for global home management tasks. After all, this is not a multifunctional computer that still needs to play sound and video, communicate with the Internet and its own peripherals. Your processor will have its own peripherals, for which, in most cases, elementary actions will be described step by step:
- open close;
- switch on switch off.
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Most of the calendar in our latitudes is still cold. A “smart home” will help to hide from the slush - heating according to the weather and mood. Undoubtedly, sitting in the warmth, Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov prompted Ostap Bender a brilliant discovery: a car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation. And so let's take a closer look at what a smart home heating system is.
Smart House
The smart home heating system characterizes various types of premises. Their list is very extensive, from a cottage or a summer house to urban housing, an office, and other structures for various purposes. They are united by one thing - the concept of human interaction with the habitable space, through high-tech devices and system automation, which provides comfortable living conditions.
In this aspect, heating, which forms thermal comfort, is of no small importance. After all, the state environment, which most closely matches physiological needs at the moment, is not only in the temperature of the surrounding structures, windows, walls, ceilings, interior elements. The humidity of the surrounding air, thermal radiation, air flows resulting from the operation of the heating system have a huge impact on thermal comfort.
Smart home elements
Heating options in the smart home system
Times are irrevocably gone. Modern - closed, multi-circuit, necessarily circulating. Pumping individual supply of coolant guarantees optimal heat transfer of each heater, its individual adjustment. Traditional radiator heating is complemented by a "warm floor" heating system.
The promising system "warm walls" performs a dual function: heating, and in hot weather - cooling. The heating system provides hot water supply, optimizes the temperature of the home pool, heats up the air supplied by the ventilation system.
Such functions of a smart home cannot be achieved without a reliable, economical, high-performance generator - a source of heating. This is not only directly, but also piping, pumps, and other necessary, working in a rather busy mode.
Smart home heating systems are characterized by heterogeneous heat extraction. Constant-variable mode of operation determines the temperature of the heating medium, its consumption over time. As for the constant, stable operation of the underfloor heating and the active-variable phase when heating a boiler or pool. Contradictions of this nature are eliminated by the choice of a collector circuit of the boiler unit, with separate mixing and pumping circuits for various consumers of thermal energy.
Load optimization can be achieved by using a multi-boiler installation, according to the principle: two small ones are better than one large one. Such a scheme will also increase the reliability of the heating system. A good result, can be achieved by the operation of wall-mounted condensing gas boilers, with a two-pipe, collector-beam scheme combined heating. In addition, using the smart home scheme - heating according to the weather - can be the most profitable heating formula
Heating system in a smart home
The vital activity of a smart home is dead without a tough managerial hand. This hand is controlled by the central processing unit or controller. In the smart home heating system, the controller is the heart and brain - the basis of intelligent control of the button-processor-equipment chain.
This also applies to heating. The most promising in the heating system of a smart home is heating according to the weather or weather-dependent control. It is based on the program for the ratio of temperatures of the coolant, indoor and outdoor air.
Simplified smart home looks like this: with a decrease in the outside temperature, the temperature inside the building automatically rises. Correspondingly, the reverse process takes place.
The base point of reference for weather regulation can be taken as the value of positive outdoor temperature equal to twenty degrees. The temperature difference between the air and the coolant is equalized, and the heating is turned off.
In the operation of the smart home system, the local temperature in individual rooms is taken into account and regulated. When the base values increase or decrease, the processor issues commands and takes measures to restore the specified parameters.
Options for the location of sensors and controllers
Equipment range
Structurally, the smart home heating system - heating according to the weather, combines different devices and devices into one whole, such as:
- main processor with backup power supply;
- touch control panels;
- wifi router;
- thermoelectric valves;
- temperature sensors;
- room control panels;
- consoles remote control;
- "warm floor";
- "warm walls";
- humidifiers and dehumidifiers;
- pumps;
- fancoils.
Heating and savings
In the "smart home" system - heating according to the weather - a programmed mode. It allows you to save significant funds due to optimal engineering solutions, calculations and schemes. Savings are facilitated by the use of high-quality materials, modern equipment, in particular, condensing boilers. Automatic optimization of the temperature field is also cost effective.
To achieve maximum economic effect, heat-insulating and energy-saving measures are taken, as well as fine tuning of all system parameters.
Backup power
With all the great advantages and positive properties, the heating system of a smart home is very vulnerable. A big disadvantage of a smart home is its dependence on electricity. Intelligence, even artificial intelligence, requires nourishment. Emergency power outage, voltage fluctuations, can lead to unpredictable consequences. To avoid such a situation, you should take care of the sources of backup or trouble-free power supply. Then the house will always meet comfort, tranquility and warmth.
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Achievements of progress and miracles modern technologies make our lives easier every day by doing for us different kinds routine work. Among all these useful devices, a separate item is the "smart home" system, which seems to have come to us from the screens of science fiction films about the distant future. Depending on the needs and wishes of the owners, the smart home can be filled with a variety of convenient functions. For example, it is able to reliably protect a home from fire, flood, gas leakage and robbery (we talked about automatic security systems in detail), save energy, control multimedia devices, automatically turn on various lighting scenarios depending on the time of day, water plants and even pay bills for utilities on the Internet! Today we will talk in detail about another useful and highly demanded function of the "smart home" - the automatic climate control system. It can be installed both separately and in combination with other smart home functions.
For comfort and a healthy life, it is necessary to maintain the correct temperature with a regular supply of fresh air in all living and utility rooms. For a person, not only too cold spaces are dangerous, in which it is easy to catch a cold, but also a long stay in rooms with excessively high temperatures, which negatively affects our health and well-being. The most favorable temperature range for residential premises is from 22°C to 25°C.
With the help of modern automatic "smart home" systems, it is easy to set up comfortable conditions in each individual room, depending on the purpose of the room and the individual preferences of family members. For example, the kitchen does not need to be maintained too high temperature because heaters emit air into the air during cooking a large number of heat, additionally raising it a few degrees. And if the kitchen is already too warm, then during work it will quickly become unbearably hot. The same applies to the bedroom: it is much more useful to sleep in a cool room, because the heat and the lack of fresh air negatively affect sleep and overall well-being. It is desirable to maintain a warmer temperature in the bathroom, nursery and living room.
To effectively solve all these important tasks, as well as to achieve significant savings in money and resources, you can use the automatic climate control systems of the “smart home”, which include three main systems: air conditioning, ventilation and heating. With the help of sensors installed in various rooms, the smart home controller analyzes and regulates the temperature by sending signals to the servomotors of heating devices, ventilation systems and air conditioners. Separate control panels are installed in each room in order to manually set the desired temperature if necessary.
Depending on the time of day and the presence or absence of people, different temperature scenarios can be automatically maintained in different rooms. For example, at night in the bedroom, you can lower the temperature by 2-3 degrees for a more comfortable and healthy sleep. In order not to spend extra money on heating, in those rooms where there are no people, at night the temperature is lowered to 16-18 ° C.
Economical heating of a country dwelling during the absence of owners is also a very important task that a “smart home” can handle. In the cold season, so that engineering communications do not fail due to frost, it is necessary to constantly maintain a low positive temperature, at which extra funds are not spent on full-fledged heating of an empty building. A few hours before arrival with mobile device you can give the “smart home” a command to raise the temperature in all rooms to a comfortable value, so as not to freeze while waiting for the heaters, turned on upon arrival, to warm up the house sufficiently, as is usually the case in summer cottages.
economical solution
The main difficulty in creating a “smart home” climate control system is its high cost and the need to design it even before installing climate and heating equipment.
However, there is a simpler and more affordable option for creating a “smart” climate control - to assemble it yourself automatic system with the help of special electronic devices that will help you conveniently and effectively control the climate, both inside the house and at a distance. These can be controllers and GSM modems that control the operation heating systems and air conditioners, as well as allowing you to monitor the temperature in different rooms using special sensors. Prices for such controllers and modems start from 6,000 - 10,000 rubles, but to assemble the entire system, you will need sensors and other additional equipment.
Heating is exactly the branch of engineering equipment of buildings in which the principles of "intelligent building" or "" were first introduced. And this is not surprising, because the heating system is the main cost item for the operation of buildings in a temperate and cold climate. Equipment and installation are expensive and must be designed to last for many years. And, most importantly, the creation of thermal comfort is a very difficult task from a technical point of view.
Thermal comfort
The more fully the physical parameters of the air environment correspond to our physiological needs, the more comfortable we feel. But it is not enough just to ensure that the air in the premises is heated to the recommended temperature.
The feeling of thermal comfort and well-being is influenced by a considerable number of other factors: the temperature of the surfaces surrounding a person (walls, windows, floors, ceilings), the nature of thermal radiation (radiation, convective), temperature distribution in the room, including height. Air humidity, the presence and speed of air currents play an important role.
Modern heating systems
Gone are the days when the coolant, under the influence of gravitational forces, sluggishly flowed through single-pipe systems of monstrous diameters. By overheating the first battery in the chain and leaving the last battery cold.
Modern systems- closed, two-pipe, with forced circulation. The coolant is pumped through the distribution combs to each device individually, which makes it possible to control the heat transfer of any radiator or circuit in a wide range.
Together with traditional radiators, buildings are heated by underfloor heating systems, convectors built into the floor. Promising systems of “warm walls” are gaining popularity, which can cool the room in hot weather.
The heating system is responsible for cooking hot water, maintaining the required water temperature in the home pool, heating the water supplied from ventilation system air.
In a spacious apartment or country house the total number of heating devices (radiators, convectors, floor heating circuits, heated towel rails), at least, reaches several tens. Let's not forget about the heating boiler and boiler.
To create and maintain an optimal heating regime, all these devices must be controlled, and taking into account constantly changing weather conditions.
Different levels of heating are possible:
Management of individual devices. Radiators, convectors, mixing units and separate floor circuits can be equipped with thermostatic heads or electric actuators, and temperatures can be placed at any distance from them.
At the same time, the boiler group and mixing units of the floors operate according to averaged parameters. This scheme allows you to accurately maintain the set parameters of air temperature in the rooms.
Boiler house management carried out with the help of weather-dependent automation, which sensitively monitors changes in the outside air temperature. The next step on the path of automation is the integration of control devices into a single system.
Many models of modern gas, liquid fuel, electric boilers and heat pumps are optionally equipped with thermal substation control controllers with the ability to connect to standard interfaces. Another controller with freely programmable logic can be installed and connected to the boiler, pumps and appliances.
Having collected all subsystems under the command of a single center, you can:
Manage all heating zones simultaneously.
Pre-program the temperature regime by hours of the day, days of the week and individual dates.
- "Order" an increased analysis of hot water for the morning and evening.
Set a different heating mode in guest rooms that are empty most of the time.
Lower the temperature when the hosts are away and raise the temperature in anticipation of their return.
Programs for the living room, bedrooms and children's rooms, swimming pool, garage and pantry, of course, will be different.
The intelligent control system is able to take into account the structural features of the building: the influence of changes in the outside air temperature is not the same for various types buildings. For example, a stone house has a greater inertia than a frame house; it reacts more slowly to changes in external conditions.
Of great importance is the degree of insulation of the house. The inertia of radiators, underfloor heating and the nature of the boiler also differ. Accordingly, the control algorithms are also different. Modern heating systems built on distributor combs are amenable to subsequent automation after installation.
If it is not possible to lay low-current buses, control signals are transmitted via radio frequencies.
Remote control and integration into a common system
Heating system controllers can be integrated into a common one under the control of a central computer. Equipment of European manufacturers is often connected via interfaces and technology of the European standard KNX-EIB, CAN buses and other protocols are available.
The possibilities of remote control of heating through a computer or smartphone and its collaboration with other engineering systems are expanding. For example, the creation of a comfortable microclimate in the house is directly related to the system supply and exhaust ventilation required for the normal functioning of energy efficient buildings.
"Warm walls" in the summer can complement or even replace air conditioning equipment. Integrated climate systems are no longer a novelty, including jointly operating systems of heating, hot water supply, ventilation, air conditioning, humidification and dehumidification, which fully provide a comfortable microclimate in a home or office. Alas, so far such systems are the lot of only wealthy people.
"Smart heating" and cost savings
Of course, first of all, the rationality of the heating system is determined by its correct calculation, scheme, compliance with the nature of the heat loss of the building envelope. Modern low-temperature systems built on condensing gas boilers, initially more economical than traditional ones by 15-25%. A high degree of automation and the choice of optimal temperature conditions and control algorithms will help save the same amount.
Fine-tuning all system parameters is not an easy task. It can only be handled by trained professionals with the appropriate equipment and software. For heating setting country house an experienced engineer can spend several days.
Despite the fact that a full-fledged pleasure is not cheap, ordinary developers can also afford some of its elements. Installation of temperature sensors, thermostats, programmers will not cost so much, but it will provide comfort and significantly reduce energy consumption.
Inclusion in a common system, of course, will expand the possibilities, facilitate and simplify management, including remote control, but it will not save money.
Probably, for most of us, such a concept as a “smart home” seems to be something fantastic, with a huge amount of wires, communications and computer systems that manage all this economy. Meanwhile, each of us can make our home “smart”, because in fact it is the most ordinary apartment or house, where living is not only convenient, comfortable and safe, but also economically profitable. Fiction? No, just a reasonable approach to business. Everything, as they say, is in our hands.
comfort system
What ensures comfortable living in a smart home? Management of all available devices by a single center (controller) using just one remote control. In addition, such intelligent control of a smart home provides for the ability to interact with devices outside the home using existing networks - Wi-Fi, the Internet, cellular communications, and others. For example, if you forgot to turn off something, then it is easy to fix it using the same smartphone, as well as to control what is happening in your house at the current moment.
And control of lighting devices in a contactless way? When you enter a room, the lighting will automatically turn on if the current lighting level requires it, and turn off when you leave it. The same trick can be done with music that will play when you are in the room and fade away as soon as you leave it.
The smart home climate control system constantly monitors the air temperature and humidity that are comfortable for you. Thanks to a single "smart" remote control, you can control the operation of any electrical appliance in your home from anywhere in it, without the need to run to the living room or else somewhere checking whether you turned off the light there or not.
Safety system
The good old English saying “my house is my castle” in a smart home can also be implemented quite simply. Of course, it is up to you to install armored glass or rolling shutters in the house, but almost everyone can do video surveillance and intrusion protection systems. And the installed smoke and fire detectors will warn you in time, no matter where you are. In the meantime, you will get to your home, the control system will notify the fire brigade and turn on the built-in fire extinguishing system.
With such a “smart assistant” at hand, you can leave your home for a long time, knowing that, if necessary, the smart home control system will not allow trouble. In addition, the control controller will be able to create a presence effect at any time to scare off intruders in your absence, including imitation of the barking of a big angry dog, and, if necessary, will trigger a burglar alarm with automatic notification of the relevant services.
Saving systems
This is one of key points any smart home. It is hardly possible to call a home truly "smart" if it is not able to save electricity, water and energy. thermal energy. Sensors for leakage, control and water consumption will help protect against flooding and warn in time about possible overruns, and the consumption management system electrical energy smart home will help you save a lot on electricity by intelligently managing your home electrical appliances.
The use of new technologies for smart home heating systems, since energy consumption for heating and hot water supply makes up the lion's share of all energy costs for maintaining a home. Among such smart home heating systems, special mention should be made of such devices as heat pumps, which are able to provide any dwelling not only with thermal energy and hot water, but also to air-condition it during the hot season, using in its work only natural heat, which the heat pump “pumps out” from the external environment (air, water, stones, earth). The heat pump does not require any additional fuel, and therefore it has absolute environmental friendliness and safety. And, despite the fact that the price of a heat pump is quite high, the savings from its use will more than pay off the energy costs in a few years, and the long (up to 30 years) service life of the heat pump will allow it to be operated for many years, significantly saving all this time on energy resources .
In order to equip your home and make it comfortable, safe and cost-effective, it is absolutely not necessary to rebuild it entirely at once. All smart home control systems can be implemented gradually, as funds, forces and desires appear, in small steps bringing your dream of a place where everyone understands you perfectly.