Techniques for compressing (compressing) text. Aggressive Homo sapiens They relieve stress
Introduction to the Astral Plane Esoteric Author Unknown -
A HIGHLY ORGANIZED THINKING BEING IN THE "MAN-UNIVERSE" SYSTEM
The energy influences that a person on Earth is subject to, being under the influence of a projection or overlay of planetary forces, are just manifestations of more tall structures called constellations. The most powerful streams of the finest structures, being filtered and transformed through the energy fields of the planets of our system, coarsen to crystallization of a level comparable to human perception and constitute the primary sources of planetary influences.
In the school of esotericism (knowledge of ancient times), to a certain extent, it was allegorical about the Great Man of Heaven, or the Star Elder. The constellations are called upon to perform the functions of its organs, descending to thinking and other beings the energies of a qualitative manifestation - energies that give both a person individually and society in certain, very different forms and quantitative manifestations, the ability to engage in any action more or less purposefully. The energies of star clusters also never manifest themselves alone, and a person’s susceptibility to one or another type of action, which is caused by a commitment to a more increased supply of energies of one type of constellations in relation to others, is explained only by the design of this individual and the ability of his internal energies to enter into an oscillatory resonance. with energies that have their own oscillation frequency, comparable to the frequency of the person receiving it. They just get to know each other like old true friends and tend to connect.
The following information refers to the Western astrological school. The astrological year begins at the vernal equinox. And our report will start on March 9/21.
March 9/21 - April 9/21: "ARIES" manifests itself on the plane of the physical world as fire in its highest, spiritual emanation and symbolizes the sacrifice made to nature for the revival of fertility and life. It is believed that AMETHYST can attract to such a person enhanced flows of energies homogeneous to him. The existence of such a stone in the form of a talisman gives "Aries" great strength. This judgment is justified, but only on the condition that the other reflections of the planets and constellations on its owner did not shift the structures to a different quality level, and the total quality of the aura corresponds to energies of this type. That is why the selection of a talisman, as a rule, without taking into account these data, as well as by people who are not able to control the conditions for the coexistence of the talisman and their owner, can bring quite a lot of harm instead of good, since a mineral that does not correspond to its owner can attract energies, destroying its energy structure and causing trouble. Therefore, it is not worth describing a typical representative of Aries. In combination with other representatives, it will sometimes be the complete opposite of the environment that gave birth to it. If so, it is better to leave all reasoning on this topic to professional astrologers and return to them being already prepared for the perception of this knowledge. Plants that could manifest in accordance with the energies of "Aries" - garlic, radish, burdock, rhubarb, hemp.
April 9/21 - May 9/21: "TAURUS" symbol of "Taurus" - fertility, element - earth with its highest, spiritual emanation. Everything, even the most spiritual, "Taurus" must apply to the earthly world around him, and therefore, in the astral plane, the earth, as an element, will manifest itself as air. If “Aries” on the body of the Star Elder is projected as a head and brain, then “Taurus” is superimposed and exists in the form of ears, neck and throat, and is called upon to perform the corresponding functions in the environment of humanity.
Of the minerals, the most homogeneous in relation to the "Taurus" is agate. This sign is projected through Venus. Of the plants that fall under its influence: beets, plantain, moss, spinach, flax, lily.
May 9/21 - June 9/21: "GEMINI" in its manifestation is the most lively and incomprehensible sign, and Mercury, their consonant planet, completely repeats their incomprehensibility at a lower level. "Gemini" is a deep intuition, superconsciousness, liveliness of thoughts and actions. This sometimes causes surprise in their work and its manifestations from an outside observer. The complexities and incomprehensibility of the structures that are woven by Mercury in its highest spiritual manifestation, under the guidance of this constellation, drive the sages of the whole world crazy. They are everywhere and nowhere at the same time, they manage everything and nothing at the same time, they resemble the work of ants in their incomprehensibility and incomprehensibility, but the “anthill” is growing very quickly. The sign manifests itself on earth as the highest spiritual emanation of the element of air, taking the place of the element of earth in the astral world, that is, solidity, confidence and fertility. In the anatomy of the Star Elder, it manifests itself as arms and hands - the active principle. Symbolizes unity and inviolability. Of the minerals, crystalline beryl is closest (beryl = crystal). Of the plant world, honeysuckle and tansy are the most suitable.
June 9/21 - July 9/21: "CANCER" is the highest reflection of the spiritual energies of the element of water, known for their fluidity and smoothness of influences, ready to immediately retreat to their home. For Cancer, the expression “My home is my fortress” is the ultimate desire. External softness can be instantly transformed into a tough organized protection from external influences. But internally he is the same soft and supple. On the Simaolic plane there is revival, readiness for action, but not the action itself - many plans, but little use. Consonant mineral - emerald. Planet - Moon. In the world of vegetation, it is reflected as a cucumber, pumpkin, melon, reed, water lily. On the Great Man of Heaven is reflected by the organs of respiration and digestion.
July 9/21 - August 9/21: "LEO" is a very noble and powerful beast, but in his nobility and striving for a great goal, he does not recognize small goals, he is ready to go over the bones of those around him. The model of manifestation is a wise ruler, a cruel tyrant, a noble protector and a rude enslaver. The second manifestation of Fire is that which we have agreed to call the soul in our reasoning. He is the “soul of society”, he always breathes the warmth of the sun through which he is projected; but the sun in the desert can burn without leaving life. Mineral - ruby. The symbol is courage. From plants: onis, chamomile, cabbage, dill, wild rose, chrysanthemum, poppy. In his actions, he tries to combine the height and rudeness of physical influences. Heart organ.
August 9/21 - September 9/21: "VIRGO" is an intermediate link, or the second emanation of the elements "Earth". "Virgo" is trying to bring into physical life the movement of the spirits of the energy of Mercury, received from this constellation and projected onto the Earth. This represents the type of level-headed business people. Of the minerals, diamond is the closest. Plant - wheat, barley, rye, valerian, millet. Of the organs of the Star Elder, it is closest to the solar plexus. Symbolizes virginal purity.
September 9/21 - October 9/21: "SCALES" in the isoteric philosophical construction has always been the central figure of the Zodiac - a symbol of the balance of everything that you can imagine. Since this constellation goes through Venus, the symbol is Venus, that same goddess with scales, weighing and reasoning, cold and impregnable. The mineral of Venus in "Libra" is considered to be ... ... ... Plant - watercress - lettuce, white rose, strawberry, lemon. "Libra" is the second intermediate emanation of the elements of Vozukh, it acts on the physical plane, bringing in the elements - the highest ideals. On the body of the Star Elder, "Libra" is manifested as the sacrum, kidneys.
October 9/21 - November 9/21: "SCORPIO" the second emanation of the element of Water, connecting the spiritual and earthly principles in the physical world. "Scorpio" has its reflection through the planet Mars and represents, according to the esoteric philosophy, fallen man and death through temptation. "Scorpio", as a rule, is expressed in the lowest manifestation of the energy of Mars, that is, in his as opposed to his positive qualities such as openness, heroism, confrontation. It is superimposed on the organs of the Great Man as sexual. And it is not surprising that this sign gives the largest number sexually preoccupied population of the Earth. From minerals - topaz. The plants are thorns, heather, beans and blackberries.
November 9/21 - December 9/21: SAGITTARIUS This sign characterizes hunting or retribution for good and evil, and manifests its effects through Jupiter. "Sagittarius" is a symbol of the inevitability of retribution, he is the executor of the highest will precisely as a executor. This sign manifests itself on the energy plane in the lowest, coarsest emanation of the element of Fire. But, as an executor of the highest will, he does not care whether it is the will of the spiritual forces or the will of the people. He may well become a ruler in any area - Jupiter allows him to do this. On the body of a Star Man, this sign is manifested as the palms and thighs and has the function of support. Mineral - carbuncle. Plant - liverwort, mallow.
December 9/21 - January 9/21: "CAPRICORN" is the lowest emanation of the Trine of the Earth. The man is completely down to earth. Nothing spiritual matters to him. The possible strongest manifestation of egoism gives this sign, under certain conditions, the features of an inveterate owner. Saturn projects the energies of the constellation "Capricorn" onto the Earth and colors them in perfect harmony with the appropriate colors and emotions. In the anatomy of the Star Elder "Capricorn" movable joints. The symbol is sin. The mineral is onyx. From plants - henbane, balladon.
January 9/21 - February 9/21: “AQUARIUS”, manifesting as the lowest emanation of the Trigon of Air, this sign brings with it the will from above into the earthly material world, the conductors of which are Saturn, as a compelling principle, and Uranus, as a spiritual principle. The symbol is judgment. Mineral - blue sapphire. Plant - frankincense, myrrh. In the body of the Star Elder, "Aquarius" represents the shins.
February 9/21 - January 9/21: "FISH" is symbolically expressed as the end of the world or new water, heralds the beginning of the rebirth in the constellation "Aries", the revitalizing cycle. Manifested in the lower emanation of the Trigon of Water. They receive their energies through Jupiter and Neptune, which give their sign a certain melancholy and prudence. The mineral is chrysolite (as well as moss). On the body of the Star Man "Pisces" - two feet.
In addition to the concept of Trigons, astrology uses a division according to the degree of stability of the owners of these signs - squares: mutabed, cardinal (permanent), intermediate (combined).
The square is mutable, or subject to variability due to the subtlety of the perception of spiritual structures: Aries - Taurus - Gemini - Cancer.
The cardinal square is represented by purely physical crystallized energies of the realm of the body: Sagittarius - Capricorn - Aquarius - Pisces.
The square is intermediate, trying to be reflected simultaneously in the two previous ones with the help of spiritual manifestations that are understandable to both: Leo Virgo - Libra - Scorpio.
Now, knowing the relationship of the constellations to the elements, one can easily draw up a picture of their effects in a given situation, given that, depending on the situations, their effects will have a fairly wide range.
Trigon of Fire: Aries, Leo, Sagittarius - passionate and hot natures.
Trine of the Earth: Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn - earthiness in its voluntary form.
Trine of Air: Gemini, Libra, Aquarius - impermanence and variability.
Trine of Water: Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces - melancholy and measured.
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Do you know people who always have everything laid out on the shelves and not lying under their feet? But they are far from perfectionists. Experts say it's enough to follow a few simple rules:
1.Avoid buying products just because of discounts. Just because you can buy a cashmere sweater for $20 or three bottles of ketchup for the price of one doesn't mean you should. Ask yourself: "Do I already have something similar?" and "Where will I store all this?" before making this kind of purchase, advises New York professional organizer and author of Get rid of junk, Change your life, Julia Morgenstern.
2. Make peace with imperfection."Effective people put their best effort into the most important projects (say, a work assignment or the design of a new kitchen), and for everything else, they put in only the necessary level of their effort, without trying to do everything perfectly," says René Reinardi, Ph.D. which specializes in helping people with an accumulative type of character (people who are not able to get rid of any things, even if they are of no value or utility and litter the entire living space in the room). Perhaps you will bring to your child's school a few packs of store-bought cookies you have at home (but not expired). Donate to charity a bag of unsorted things you don't need for years. "Trying to do everything perfectly is the easiest way to get bogged down," says René Reinardi.
3. Never sign boxes or packages containing items that fit the description "Miscellaneous". You take a lot of things, put them in a box or bag and sign "Miscellaneous". "But within a week you'll forget exactly what's in there," says Julie Morgenstern. Instead, sort things by some unifying attribute and sign "Electricity bills", "Light bulbs", etc.
4. Schedule "debriefing" regularly. Instead of waiting for the right work mood to hit you (and we all know what that leads to), make a regular schedule of such events - whether you spend 15 minutes after work sorting correspondence or take on a new case every Sunday afternoon.
5. Don't be perfect every time: sometimes just be happy with what works."I have clients who spend a huge amount of time each morning perfecting their makeup, who respond to every phone call and give a huge amount of attention to every caller - it's just exhausting," says Dorothy Breininger, President of the Delphi Center for Organization. Don't waste so much time (and money) maniacally striving for perfection.
6. Take a special place at home (it can be a table in the hallway or corridor) where you will put a variety of small things. Coming home from work, no one immediately rushes to sort out bags, letters, bills, etc. Therefore, store all this everyday trifle in a certain place. When you have time to sort, you won't have to run around the house looking for bills, notes from school, etc.
7. Don't be afraid to ask for help."A well-organized person is not afraid to experience momentary embarrassment and ask for help when needed," says Dorothy Braininger. Sometimes you promise people an elaborate four-course dinner, but instead have to ask guests to bring their own food from home if it's not possible to cancel or reschedule a social engagement.
8. Separate positive emotions from obsession. There is nothing unhealthy that people become attached to certain things - a vase bought in Paris, a grandmother's pearl necklace, etc. But a concert shirt with holes in it, or cheap worn earrings that my husband gave me years ago? Just let go of all those unnecessary things.
9. Anticipate (and avoid) problems. You don't leave the house on a rainy day without an umbrella, right? "People who sail through life like calm waters apply this rule to all life situations," says Dorothy Braininger. Kitchen cupboards are full of all sorts of plastic containers and other things, and all this strives to fall on your head every time you open it? Organized people will take a few minutes to prevent an avalanche. (In other words, it will be easier to take apart the cabinets now than to clean up the consequences of all these containers falling on the floor, catching the lids that rolled under the refrigerator and mopping the floors.)
10. Find out where you can donate your unwanted but useful things. It is much easier to part with things when you know they will be used and needed. Find a boy in the neighborhood who might need the things your son has grown out of, or donate those things to charity at other institutions of your choice. "This will help you not have to look for the right person every time you want to unload your house from unused things," says Julie Morgenstern.
Sections: Russian language
Class: 9
Lesson Objectives:
- to systematize the knowledge necessary to work with the text;
- repeat text compression techniques;
- develop the skill of concise retelling of the text;
- cultivate respect for the Russian language.
Equipment: Handout.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment
II. Knowledge update
1. Continue the sentences:
- Text is...
- Micro-theme...
- Presentation - ...
- The summary is...
- The basic techniques for compressing text are…
2. Working with the text, it is necessary to answer a number of questions:
Which question will help determine the topic of the text? (What is the text about?)
What question would you ask to determine the main idea of the text? (What did the author mean by this text?)
III. Work with text
Original text.
Man, a highly organized organism endowed with powerful intellect, has a tangible impact on the Earth's ecosystem.
Unlike all other biological species that have a more or less limited habitat, people have settled over the entire earth's surface, regardless of soil-climatic, geological, biological and other conditions. That is why the degree of their influence on nature is incomparable with the influence of any other creatures. For many millennia, people almost did not feel the restrictions from environment. And if they saw that in the nearest district the amount of game exterminated by them decreased, the cultivated soils or meadows for grazing livestock were depleted, then they migrated to a new place. And everything repeated. Natural resources seemed inexhaustible.
Thanks to their intellect, people do not so much adapt to the natural environment as they adapt this environment to their needs. And such an adaptation, which until recently was proudly called "the conquest of nature", is becoming more and more offensive, even aggressive.
To date, a person has adapted about half of the earth's land for his needs: 26% - for pastures, 11% for arable land and forestry, the remaining 2-3% - for housing construction, industrial facilities, transport and services. Of the available sources of fresh fresh water, humanity uses more than half. At the same time, almost half of the planet's rivers have become significantly shallow or polluted, and about 60% of the 277 largest water arteries have been blocked by dams and other engineering structures, which has led to the creation of artificial lakes, changing the ecology of reservoirs and river mouths.
Humans have degraded or destroyed the habitats of many representatives of flora and fauna. Since 1600 alone, 484 animal species and 654 plant species have disappeared on Earth.
Man more and more drives nature and himself into a dead end, from which it is more and more difficult to get out.
(According to the materials of the journal "Science and Life") 252 words.
The guys are offered a text that will be the basic material; all exercises will be built on working with him.
The text is given without division into paragraphs.
Together with the students, we recall the methods of text compression: exclusion and generalization. To do this, we turn to the “Table of text compression techniques”.
Table of text compression techniques
What is the purpose of the reception? | In what cases is the reception used? |
Exclusion of secondary information | |
The exception makes it possible to get rid of what is directly related to the essence of the statement. In the story - to the main storyline. In reasoning - to the main problem. |
Exception: - repetitions; - one or more synonyms; - some minor members of the proposal; - structures that complicate the proposal (homogeneous, isolated, clarifying members of the proposal); - a fragment of a sentence (for example, parts complex sentence dialogue (transferring its essence in one sentence)); – merging several sentences into one. |
Generalization of private information | |
Generalization makes it possible to transfer the content of particular concepts to one - more general ones. | Generalization: - two more simple sentences one complex and vice versa; - homogeneous members of the proposal with a generalized name; - a sentence or its parts with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that ...) or a negative pronoun with a generalizing meaning; - direct indirect speech; - a voluminous fragment of a sentence with a more concise synonymous expression in form. |
According to the table, we determine: for what purpose do we use the technique? In which cases? We analyze examples. Then we turn to the next tasks.
Task 2.
Find and underline in the text fragments of the sentence that are homogeneous in meaning. Choose only one of them for a summary.
Task 3.
Underline fragments of complex sentences that will not be included in the compressed text (secondary information).
Task 4.
Underline the sentences completely excluded from the compressed text.
Task 5.
Determine which fragments of the text can be shortened using the generalization technique. Write a generalized version of these fragments. State what exactly you summarized.
As a result of applying two compression techniques, the students received the following text:
Man influences the ecological system of the Earth.
The degree of human influence on the environment is incomparable with the influence of other living beings.
Man settled over the entire earth's surface, regardless of differences in climatic, biological, geological conditions. If somewhere there was less game or the soil was depleted, then people migrated to another place. The resources seemed inexhaustible.
People, thanks to intelligence, did not so much adapt to their environment as they adapted the environment itself. And this adaptation becomes more and more aggressive.
Man adapted about half of the earth's land for pastures, arable land and forestry, and 2-3% for construction. Today, about half of all fresh water sources have been developed, and due to the construction of dams on rivers, the ecology of water bodies is changing, rivers become shallow and polluted.
Humans have degraded or destroyed habitats for plants and animals, many of which have become extinct.
Polluting nature, a person puts himself in a dead end. (126 words).
People often think about why some people manage to do everything, while others complain about the constant lack of time? There is no secret here, it is enough to learn how to properly manage your time. An organized person is a person who causes sincere interest. Such people look decent, efficient and reliable in the eyes of society. They manage to reach heights not only in their careers, but also in their personal lives.
How does disorganization manifest itself?
People who have this quality are unable to act clearly and systematically. They fail to effectively distribute their own forces and fulfill all their plans on time. They immediately catch the eye and rarely cause respect for themselves, because they do not finish a single task, and the quality of work leaves much to be desired.
The confusion of thoughts and actions leads to a person's dissatisfaction with himself. His mind is overloaded various ideas, but he still cannot begin to implement them, he always does not have enough time. As a result, harmony is disturbed and depression sets in.
What is an organized person? The definition of this concept can be formulated in different ways, but the meaning remains the same: a person knows how to plan his time. In order not to be irresponsible and optional, you must always look a little ahead and think about what consequences disorganization can bring. If you do not lose control over yourself, then you will not have to turn on the excuse mechanism that is used to justify your own negligence.
People who are used to doing everything at the last minute should learn the basics of good planning. Then they will be able to take control of the situation and properly distribute their own time and energy.
An organized person is one who saves his inner energy and does not waste it on such trifles as worries that something has not been done again. Anyone can be organized, it's just that some have this gift from birth, while others have to learn. In critical situations, everyone behaves differently, but the assembled people adhere to certain behavioral lines.
Result orientation
Often organized activity people is needed in order to achieve the intended goals and get the desired result. Rarely do people plan their time all the time. If there are no specific tasks, then a person has nowhere to strive, he begins to “go with the flow”. Therefore, in order to become organized, you need to know where to go.
Optimism
Watching collected and purposeful people, you can see that they look at everything with a positive attitude. Even global difficulties cannot make them stop. They continue on their way, moving in small steps. help to look for ways out of situations and find new solutions to the problem.
good faith
One of the assessments of personality is conscientiousness. A person who possesses this quality is highly likely to perform all tasks clearly and efficiently, disciplining himself. Such people carefully plan events and try to avoid spontaneous actions.
New idea - food for thought
Although from the outside it seems that an organized person is one who succeeds without much difficulty, this is not entirely the case. Any new idea or task causes confusion, so it is always very difficult to decide on drastic changes.
Making decisions
Organized people understand that they need to constantly make decisions. But they do this only after they carefully weigh and consider everything. First of all, you need to prioritize and determine what is most important at the moment. Sometimes this needs to be done immediately, there is no time for reflection, so a person should learn to be decisive and take responsibility for his choice.
There is no limit to perfection
Not all people can immediately clearly identify what is organized this concept has several formulations. Many on the way to achieving the ideal waste their energy on unnecessary trifles, so its resources are rapidly decreasing. Imperfection should be treated with tolerance and slowly, systematically moving towards the goal. Calmness is one of the secrets of organization.
Diary - table book
Keeping a diary and recording all events and meetings is a must in order to become organized. All recurring cases or those with a due date should be logged. In the future, it will be enough to check with your own records and not waste energy on keeping the information in your head.
In order not to experience the stress of contemplating your own business list, you should not write complex and large-scale cases side by side. The trick is to distribute tasks evenly.
Get the job done right now!
Experts who know how to organize people recommend doing everything as soon as the need arises. Do not postpone tasks, referring to various excuses. It is easier for the assembled people to spend time now and forget about the problem than to delay with its solution and worry about it.
Always ready!
People who consider themselves organized always try to prepare for any business in advance, without leaving it to the last moment. Adequately planning time, they manage to complete all tasks clearly on time. Each assembled person has his own worked out algorithm, but always leaves a small margin of time for unforeseen situations.
Delegation of Responsibilities
Organized people try to discern the strengths and weaknesses of others and, based on this, give them instructions. They understand that their time is very expensive and it is irrational to spend it on trifles. In order for the work to be organized most efficiently, it is necessary to properly distribute responsibilities.
A born leader is sure that even minimal support from like-minded people is very important. It helps to cope with difficulties, overcome stress and achieve goals.
One moment - one task
An organized person is someone who understands that in a particular period of time it is necessary to solve only one task. Then attention is fully concentrated on the matter and is not sprayed. Working in this mode, the result can be achieved much faster, moreover, it will be possible not to doubt its high quality.
The biological clock
An organized person is one who knows his own and plans all the important things for the time of his increased efficiency. The skill of managing your own energy allows you to achieve high results and always feel comfortable. You should not make important meetings or submit reports at a time when the body needs rest.
Relieve stress
Thinking about what kind of person is organized and what this definition includes, you need to know the following. As practice shows, collected and purposeful people try to get rid of all negative emotions and not accumulate irritation in themselves. Being under stress, it is difficult to adequately assess reality. You can relax different ways: take a walk in the forest, play sports or chat with dear people.
Second type: highly organized personality
Such people are rational, conscientious, tend to think well before they start talking. They are often strict, meticulous and picky, they avoid brightness, colorfulness, manifestations of feelings. If a vulnerable person sometimes takes several hours to get up in the morning, then these people have an internal clock that will wake them up at the right time. They are focused on taking control of the situation. While impressionable individuals are sometimes inclined to submit to external influence and control, these people will stubbornly resist other people's influence. They do not like to make decisions under dictation. On the contrary, they want to make their own decisions.
So, a direct attack on such a person can hardly bring success. You should not corner such a person or challenge her authority or autonomy. You must give her the impression that you have thought through every step and provided for all the little things and are acting according to a clear plan. You are unlikely to be able to get this person to change their mind, but you can convince her if you provide her with a rationale for an alternative.
You have no prospect if there is only a black or only a white position in relations with such a subject. Bargaining about a deal would be useful. If you want to change this person's position, you must allow him to play an important role in the process of discussing options. If you are confronted with a well-organized person as an enemy witness, you must use passive action tactics instead of explosive aggression. The tougher you are when working against this person, the more likely you are to fail. If you try to take control, she will resist it. If you show yourself openly hostile, he will become tough and unyielding. Such witnesses become isolated under pressure, become silent and stubbornly resist all attempts to reveal them.
A rationally organized method of questioning this type of person will help her to predict your moves, assess the situation, and prepare her answers. If you are logical and systematic, then it will not be difficult for such a person to respond in the same manner. Therefore, one might consider using the jumping technique (3.4.1), which introduces uncertainty into the interrogation process. You can also use Lieutenant Colombo's technique to catch the interrogator losing his sense of self-preservation (3.2.9).
If you discover your inability, this person will not feel threatened and will be able to try to bring order to the chaotic pile of facts as a result of your series of non-systematic questions. Such a reaction is quite predictable, since it is difficult for a highly organized personality to withstand inconsistency, fragmentation of facts. Most likely he will try to explain the facts rationally. However, as with a relatively vulnerable person, excessive familiarity here generates neglect on his part. To maintain your authority, you must keep some distance from him.
A cross-exchanger to develop such a conditional division of witnesses, which, of course, does not rely on the achievements of psychology or NLP, but generalizes a certain practical experience many generations of lawyers.
Play roles, show psychological flexibility in dealing with various witnesses
One of your most important indirect references to the witness is the role you take on. Your choice of image can have a dramatic effect on the behavior of the witness.
Carefully consider what role you will play: superiority, equality or submission.
Consider in what situations this or that role is effective? Sometimes it is advisable to take a position of advantage. You can afford to receive information from a witness from a position of power and your higher position, which places a moral obligation on whoever you are addressing to provide the correct information.
If you have chosen the role of an equal, you remove the threats associated with the presence of a dominant person in a relationship, but at the same time you lose an accompaniment of power and prestige. Some witnesses must be relaxed, uninhibited, they must be opened before a person whom they would consider equal to themselves. They feel more comfortable with someone who has the same status. They do not feel the need for pressure from a personality that is superior to them, however, they do not have the need to dominate the face and keep at a distance as a subordinate.
In the role of a subordinate, one that stands below, you do not pose any threat to the "ego" of the witness, and, sometimes this factor can lead to a decrease in the level of resistance on his part. Keep in mind that if you change your role during an interrogation or case, the sequence in which you will do this is great importance, because it is easier to move from a higher status to a lower one (top to bottom), and not vice versa. However, the effect of the contrast due to the transition from the weak dominant role is greater.
Those who experience fear of judicial interrogation and the opponent's lawyer are afraid of "judicial" persons endowed with power. If you are lucky enough to meet such a witness in court, you should carefully support this thought in him, maintain a distance when communicating with him in order to use the effect of your procedural and professional status with maximum benefit.
If you want to reinforce the formal atmosphere, be sure to dress appropriately. If you want to be more informal, you can unbutton your jacket and even take your jacket off, loosen your tie, roll up your shirt sleeves. Dial in a more relaxed posture at your desk.
Your vocabulary, tone, and pronunciation may also influence the witness. Choose your words carefully. If you want to get close to the witness and liberate him, use an informal style of behavior. Use words that show you are fluent in slang. Acting in this manner, the prosecutor can question the defendant in a drug trafficking case. If the defendant answers using the same terminology, he will show his ability to carry on a conversation in the language of drug dealers, strengthening the judges in their opinion of his guilt.
There are situations when it is useful to treat the witness with respect, taking on a subordinate role. This approach is similar to using Lieutenant Colombo's technique, in which you underestimate yourself and mislead the witness, reducing his sense of self-preservation. Let's say you're a young aspiring lawyer and you're dealing with a corporation president who is a witness in a case. Such people are used to ordering and do not like someone to put pressure on them. It is unlikely that he will be impressed by your professional status. If you approach such a person as a wise senior mentor from whom you are seeking advice, he may reveal a paternalistic or professional attitude and provide you with at least some of the information you need.
You can also apply peer-to-peer approach if you want to overcome low level interactions in language exchange. In order to break down such a barrier, you can use the familiar colloquial on a topic of interest to him.
The Ukrainian reader may take this advice with a certain irony, despite the fact that judges in Ukraine control the interrogation process and do not allow them to touch on extraneous, non-process-related topics. But the judge may lose his vigilance, and you will be able to touch on a topic of interest to the witness within the framework of the case file.
The advice that is given in this book, only at first glance, has a detached character, in fact it is a bunch of experience of lawyers different countries. Knowing this, you can use them in your work in unexpected situations. You should feel like a kind of moderator of the interrogation process within the limits allowed by the current Code of Criminal Procedure.
Example. Lawyer N. spoke at the stage of pre-trial investigation in the case on charges of tax evasion, in fact, at the time of completion of the investigation. His clients, on the advice of a lawyer, did not testify. And he played before the investigator the role of a person who first enters into a case of tax evasion and sincerely informed the investigator about this. In addition, he stated that he was mainly engaged in civil cases, has no experience in criminal cases, but his acquaintances asked him to join this case and he could not refuse them. Therefore, he asked to finish the matter as soon as possible - he would sign everything.
The relaxed investigator did just that, while making a number of significant mistakes, which the lawyer took full advantage of at the hearing.