Mansard roof project. Cozy house with an attic: projects, photos of interiors and useful tips. Advantages and disadvantages of country houses with an attic: projects with a full floor or a residential attic
Attic superstructure projects in private homes are at the peak of popularity today. Attic superstructures are distinguished by rationality and economy, while the schemes of most structures are interesting and uncomplicated for skilled hands.
Pros and cons
The main advantage of the attic is that the room is organized in the attic - with proper arrangement, this part will be convenient for useful use due to the increased amount of light and heat. It is more cost-effective to equip an attic than an additional floor. In addition to spending, construction time is also reduced. The construction of an attic superstructure can be started while already living in the house. Due to the superstructure, the heat loss of houses is reduced.
In addition to the positive aspects, the arrangement of the attic has negative sides. For example, the choice of materials for insulation and waterproofing will greatly affect the cost of attic construction. The need to equip special skylights of atypical shape and size will also significantly increase the cost of construction. The attic requires the mandatory arrangement of a ventilation system, while such equipment must be present in every room on this floor.
Attics are limited in layout due to inclined wall structures, there is a need for arranging a complex roof, and if the insulation is not correct in the heat, the rooms become very hot, turning into a refrigerator in winter.
In addition, recently psychologists do not recommend the arrangement of the attic. Due to the low sloping ceilings there will be a sense of danger, and in fact for a long time it is harmful to the mental state.
For right choice options, experts advise to “try on” at least some of them for yourself. Stay in buildings with different attic add-ons, listen to yourself and your feelings, choose the appropriate option and implement it in your own project.
Attic device
The rules imply the design of an attic superstructure at the stage of planning a house, since the arrangement of the attic largely depends on the roof option chosen. In some cases, designing a superstructure is also possible in a finished house. The project should allow convenient use of the created space.
An attic type superstructure can be of any geometry: broken, triangular, symmetrical or asymmetric. Depending on the geometry, layout options are also thought out.
Roof structures
Shed
The height of such a superstructure will not be large. It is important to think over the project of a shed attic. An inclined plane has a maximum and minimum height. With a successful design, the room will easily turn into a cozy living room. Other options for zoning space under a shed roof are also possible, but it should be borne in mind that most of the space under the roof will not be usable - it will be too low.
Gable attic
This option is also a simple configuration that includes two slopes connected by a ridge. The main advantage of this configuration is the absence of complex calculations. The main condition is the creation of a roof with a large angle of inclination.
The gable attic option is also popular due to convenient practical operation - in winter, snow and ice do not accumulate on such a roof. The gable truss system is typical, so it is easiest to translate it into reality.
A broken configuration is a kind of attic with a gable design. Here, the height of the walls of the attic superstructure is higher - this is due to the broken line of the truss system. The space of the premises increases, while the option is good for both small and large houses.
However, calculations for arranging a broken truss structure are complex - experts use a large number of special formulas.
Single-level roofs with remote consoles are even more difficult to arrange, however, as a result of difficult work on the attic floor, a full-fledged apartment is obtained from several different rooms. In addition, the house acquires a feature in the form of an asymmetrical roof. On the one hand, the roof configuration rests on the vertical of the house, and on the other hand, on the ceiling slab. The roof is high. The project is hardly available for do-it-yourself implementation.
There is another less common version of a two-level attic. The project involves the placement of several attic rooms on two levels, as well as the arrangement of a balcony. The superstructure requires the creation of a complex truss structure. It, in turn, requires the correct calculation of the load on the vertical.
The project cannot be implemented in an already built house.
Window
Skylights are usually arranged on the slope of the roof. They are more affected by negative factors than conventional vertical window systems. The main task of skylights is to provide more access to light and heat. With the help of unusual window systems, designer lighting compositions are even specially created in the rooms. Window systems can be:
- front end;
- stained glass;
- combined;
- special, attic.
Attic window systems are considered full-fledged elements of the roof. Under the influence of weather conditions, ordinary window frames installed in the attic can quickly fail. Manufacturers take this factor into account and produce designs that are able to maintain sufficient tightness. They are distinguished by improved thermophysical parameters and increased rigidity. Typically, frames are made from special glued beams. It provides long-term operation of the window, the design is not afraid of temperature changes.
Recently, durable plastic roof windows have also appeared on the market. Aluminum frames are almost never used in the attics, but window frames are made from this material, coated with special paints. Special salaries allow you to combine window systems into groups. They can be horizontal, vertical or a combination.
Particular attention is paid to the strength of the glass, at the same time, this element should not be very heavy. Usually tempered glass is used. They are also supplied with an impact-resistant multi-layer coating.
Ways to open roof windows are very different:
- swing;
- combined;
- rotary.
The choice of system usually depends on the preferences of the owner and the characteristics of the roof.
Depending on the characteristics of the roof, the possible slope of the window is determined. The distance between the rafters and the possible illuminated area are determined. It is believed that the smaller the slope of the roof, the longer you need to choose a window. The area of the window corresponds to the area of space, the ratio is 1: 10. The height of the window structure should be approximately 1.1-1.3 m from the floor.
In this case, the functional purpose of the attic should be taken into account. For a better visual combination, the roof window material must be combined with the roofing material.
roof trusses
At the heart of the design of any roof are roof trusses. Installation of such a structure is a responsible and time-consuming task, the work requires knowledge and skills in carrying out calculations.
The roof trusses must be able to support the weight of the insulation, battens, fallen snow and ice. Strong rafters can be made independently. It is important to take into account the peculiarities of the region, including seismicity.
The standard material for rafters is wood. The main elements of farms:
- hanging and inclined rafters;
- Mauerlat;
- skating runs;
- struts;
- diagonal ties and braces.
All these details are connected to single system, forming roof trusses that look like one or more interconnected triangles. The angle of the triangles corresponds to the angle of the roof. The manufacturing technology of rafters involves the installation of bars on a Mauerlat, which is placed in the wall - this is necessary so that the weight is evenly distributed around the perimeter. The ends of the rafters are connected to the run at the top. The ridge beam completes the roof ridge.
Rafters are located from each other at a certain distance. This distance depends on the selected roofing material. The task of the rafters is to exclude the deflection of the roofing system. The rafters are held by a purlin, which is made from a cross-sectional beam, the purlins themselves are supported by uprights and beds. The stability of the rafters is provided by struts.
Design calculations are best left to professionals. The formulas take into account many quantities. You can independently calculate only the required number of components.
For greater accuracy, a template is created in the works. It determines the slope of the roof slope. When creating a template, special care must be taken. With minimal deviations from the norm, the structure may squint during further operation.
One-story and two-story buildings
Currently, there are disputes about whether it is worth building housing with an attic superstructure, or is it better to give preference to a full-fledged floor. It is believed that the attic will be cheaper. This issue is worth analyzing in more detail.
- Reduction of expenses when choosing in favor of an attic superstructure is achieved due to the fact that the truss system serves as the walls of the superstructure. However, it is she who reduces the size of the usable area, and significantly. In addition, due to large heat losses, the attic cannot be equipped without additional insulation.
- From the point of view of economy, the question of choosing between an attic superstructure or a full-fledged floor does not imply a clear answer. If you perform non-standard pitched systems in the attic, then calling the masters who will do this work completely eliminates the economic benefits. Choosing an attic superstructure or a full-fledged second floor is more likely for aesthetic reasons.
In any case, a one-story or two-story house with an attic acquires an interesting architectural look, and this is a positive factor. In addition, the attic can be equipped in a two-story mansion, and this will only add additional space.
country house
The best option for a small house with an attic is in the country. Arrangement of the attic space will allow you to use this room for different purposes. Zealous summer residents usually use the attic for household needs.
The positive factor of the attic is that it can also be equipped in a frame structure. Exactly frame construction offers a wide variety of layout options.
Arrangement options
Living rooms in the attic of a country house are not always appropriate, so instead of them you can equip a full-fledged rest room or a working studio there.
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Buildings with - a practical and very attractive idea for an individual site. The cost of equipping a residential attic is less than the construction of a full-fledged floor, additional square meters will appear in the house. For suburban area the best option is . Projects, photos of successful interiors and recommendations from experienced builders are in our material.
Even a small attic will transform the facade of the house and make it unique.
The attic refers to the living space under the roof. The roof for the arrangement of a residential attic must have a double slope, such that the height of the attic space is not less than human height at the highest point.
Important! A high ceiling should occupy at least half of the area. Smaller sizes will cause discomfort in a person.
The outer wall of the residential attic consists of two planes: inclined and vertical. The vertical part is built from the main material of the house, the inclined part consists of blood rafters and inner lining.
Note! The attic in urban planning standards is considered a residential floor.
When building a private house, many owners think about the question: give preference to a full-fledged floor or an attic?
Advantages and disadvantages of country houses with an attic: projects with a full floor or a residential attic?
The main argument in favor of the attic floor is always the cheapness of its arrangement. Is it really? Reduced costs due to the use frame structure roofs. In practice, the larger the roof and, accordingly, the larger the area of \u200b\u200bthe frame for sheathing, the more profitable the attic.
But it should be remembered, no matter how spacious the attic is, in any case it occupies less usable area than the real floor. It turns out that in order to make the attic room suitable for living, it is necessary to provide for such an area of \u200b\u200bthe first floor that it exceeds the attic at least twice.
In order to create a normal microclimate in the attic room, it is necessary to provide a ventilation system with forced air supply. All these costs will form an additional burden during construction. And in fact, the savings will not be so significant.
Proponents of attic construction note that houses with such “curly” roofs look attractive. And the designers add that the arrangement of a residential attic has many original solutions.
Prudent owners do not like it when something goes to waste. Including attic space. Some turn it into a dump of unnecessary things. But in fact, it can accommodate a full-fledged office, workshop, bedroom or even a children's room.
Opponents of such prudence remind that the active exploitation of the space under the roof worsens the condition of the roof structure and greatly complicates its repair.
Expert point of view
Yaroslav Galaiko
Lead Designer and Head of Ecologica Interiors Studio
Ask a Question“Psychologists warn that the low ceilings of the attic make a person feel in a confined space, adversely affecting his psyche. Particularly impressionable natures can even feel suffocation due to low ceilings and sloping walls. It is worth thinking about this fact when planning a children's room in the attic.
Proponents of a full-fledged second floor give the following comparison:
Attic | Second floor |
---|---|
Limited in layout to inclined structures | Has full layout options |
Difficulties with arranging full-fledged windows | Lack of problems with the organization of natural lighting |
The design of the walls and ceiling of the attic does not allow you to easily repair the roof | Maintainability of the roof and simplicity of roof construction |
The need for complex roofing | Use of a simple shaped roof |
The need for forced ventilation | Use of natural ventilation |
Strong room heating on hot days | Preservation of optimal temperature due to the presence of attic space |
Despite all these disputes and disagreements, projects of country houses with an attic and a veranda or garage are very popular. This is not surprising, because frame construction, which is gaining immense popularity, offers many options for just such buildings, with a large usable area and various layouts. Consider photo projects of houses with attics in more detail.
Related article:
The best projects of houses with an attic: photos with drawings
A good residential building design should take into account many factors:
- the climate of the area in which the construction will be carried out;
- features of the soil and landscape of the site;
- a combination of home decoration with surrounding buildings and terrain;
- organization of the most comfortable living conditions for all family members, taking into account their age and individual needs.
The finished project of a house with an attic is developed by professional architects with the participation of specialists of a narrow profile. It is important to consider not only the location of the rooms, but also the features of the placement of engineering networks.
Projects of a small area, 36 - 40 square meters, are suitable for a summer cottage. This space is quite enough to accommodate a kitchen and a spacious living room on the ground floor and two compact bedrooms or an office in the attic. Houses with an area of more than 60 square meters contain a spacious living room, bedroom and kitchen on the ground floor and rooms on the second.
For large houses, it would be ideal to build a terrace, which can be accessed from the attic floor. From the top there will be a magnificent view of nature.
Idea! If the house is intended for year-round use, part of the roof can be glazed and the area can be used for a winter garden.
Country house with an attic: layout 6x6
With a minimum area is not easy. Project country house 6x6 with an attic is the best choice. In this case, you have not 36, but at least 50 square meters of usable area.
If the cottage is needed only for a seasonal visit, such space is quite enough for a small family. Over time, an extension can be made to the house if the number of family members increases. What should be considered in the project of a house with an attic 6x6:
- maximum use of each centimeter of area;
- the number of people visiting the house at the same time;
- age of family members;
- frequency of visiting the suburban area.
When planning a 6 by 6 house with an attic, it is important to use all the space with maximum benefit. Traditionally, in the center there is a spacious living room with access to the bathroom and kitchen. All these rooms will completely occupy the first floor. In order not to be crowded, they select compact furniture.
The kitchen should have two entrances: from the room and from the yard. Table setting in the summer gazebo will be greatly simplified, and it will be easier to cook on a hot day by opening wide the exit to the garden.
In this option, they are located in the attic. Here you can make two full bedrooms for the owners and children.
For a bathroom, four square meters is enough. If the cottage is visited only in summer, an outdoor shower can be arranged in the yard. Those who like to take a steam bath put a bathhouse on the site. If you do not provide a shower or bathroom in the house, you can leave three square meters for the toilet. Washing machine while installing in the kitchen.
Frame houses with an attic (projects 6x6) do not provide for internal stairs. They are placed outside. This technique also saves a lot of space. For storage of things in the house, compact mezzanines should be provided.
Here is an approximate plan of a house with an attic 6 by 6:
The specifics of the layout of houses 9 by 9 with an attic: photos of successful solutions
The house with a total area of eighty square meters is a popular project. Builders note that this project has an optimal ratio of costs and comfort of living. The classic layout includes a bedroom, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom on the ground floor and two or three more rooms in the attic. They can be used as additional bedrooms or organize an office, a creative workshop and a spacious wardrobe in them.
Another option for arranging rooms is in the layout of the house 8 by 10 with an attic. Photo example of such a layout:
What you should know about planning a 10 by 10 house with an attic: photos of the best ideas
One hundred square meters on the first floor and another seventy on the second - a large family can live in such a house permanently. There is a place for separate rooms for children, a bedroom for parents, an office, a spacious living room and a kitchen. From the outside, the house does not look huge. Projects of a 10x10 house with a foam block attic impress with compact placement on the site. But this is just the case when the external impression is deceptive.
There is enough space not only for placing bathrooms on each floor, but even for organizing or bathing right in the house. A convenient ladder with a wide passage will allow you to easily lift bulky furniture.
In such a house, a separate room for the boiler is usually provided. If the foam block house has a basement, a laundry room, heating appliances, a pantry for storing inventory and home seaming are located here.
Layout example:
Related article:
In the article, we will consider in detail what is the advantage of these structures, types of technologies, average construction prices, original projects, helpful tips and much more.
Examples of interior design of houses with an attic inside: photo
Even a small attic can be furnished so that everything you need can fit in it. Inclined ceiling planes partially hide the total area, but you can use them to stylishly decorate the room.
Projects of small houses with an attic usually involve placing a bedroom on the second floor. AT summer cottage it is logical to use natural wood trim.
If the attic occupies a significant area, the task is simplified. Niches between rafters can be used as zoning elements. In one - to place a bed, in the other - a desktop by the window or a sofa for relaxation. The issue of placing a children's room on the attic floor should be approached especially carefully.
If an office is located in the attic, it is important to consider lighting.
Another idea for planning a house with an attic (photo below) is the placement of a wardrobe. Here you can build compact and convenient storage systems.
Tips for building a one-story house with an attic: photos of original ideas
The arrangement of a residential attic is most often concerned about the owners of small country cottages. Before deciding on such a project, ask to stay with your friends, owners of a similar design. Do you suddenly feel claustrophobic or, on the contrary, find yourself under the impression of attic windows through which you can watch clouds?
Here, if desired, you can place a wardrobe, a creative workshop, a boiler room, gym.
Here are options for organizing attic space:
Especially in demand with a garage and an attic. This layout is extremely convenient. Especially this option will be appreciated by residents of the northern regions, who know what it is to warm up a car on a frosty day. When the garage is under the same roof as the house, even if it does not have central heating, the temperature will be much higher than outside. And the car itself will be reliably protected from all the vagaries of the weather.
What do projects of houses with an attic of foam blocks look like?
Projects of houses with an attic made of foam blocks, the photos of which are presented to you, are very popular with developers of individual housing. The reasons for this demand are that houses made of this material are very functional and look solid and luxurious. The cost of building such a structure is lower than the cost of building a brick house.
Anyone who wants to optimize the space in their home will certainly use the attic for any purpose. Still, so much space formed due to the design features of the roof should not be wasted. That is why projects mansard roofs were and will always be in demand.
Distinctive features and advantages of attics
First, it should be indicated what exactly we call an attic: a room in the attic area, the facade of which is formed by the surface of a pitched roof. This part of the building is very attractive due to the large amount of light and air. In addition, the attic gives the house a finished, beautiful look.
The attic floor project is the most profitable and economical if you want to get additional living space without resorting to unnecessary costs. Also, the construction time of the attic is much less than a full-fledged floor.
With the help of attic floors, you can increase living space home without leaving it. That is, the operation of the building does not stop even at the active stage of construction.
With a competent approach to the arrangement, due to the attic, you can significantly reduce the heat loss of the building as a whole.
Modern building codes require that the line of intersection of the roof and the facade be located at a level of at least 1.5 meters from the floor level of the attic floor. If this condition is not met, then the room can officially be called only an attic, but not an attic.
Projects of houses with a mansard roof allow you to increase the building density, which is important for areas with a limited amount of land allocated for residential areas.
Roof type and attic arrangement
The shape of the attic itself usually depends on the type of roof. Attic floors are triangular, broken, with an asymmetric shape; can be located both above the whole house and above its part.
The main types of roofs:
- Shed. The simplest version of the roof. Such a roof is made in the form of an inclined plane fixed on the bearing walls. In this case, the attic is very rarely equipped.
- Gable (gable). Easy to install and very reliable. The roof has two slopes directed in opposite directions. It is on such roofs that attics are most often made.
- broken line. It is a subspecies of a gable roof. It is used most often in small buildings, well suited for arranging an attic.
- Hip and semi-hip. Subspecies of hipped roofs. Although the broken lines are not as expressive as the classic gable silhouette, the attic floors do not suffer from this, but only benefit.
- Domed, pyramidal, conical. Used for structures with rounded, polygonal outlines. Building an attic in this case will be very problematic, but still possible.
Varieties of designs of mansard roofs
The main types of attics are as follows:
- single-level with a gable or sloping roof;
- single-level with installation of remote consoles;
- two-level with mixed supports.
When choosing the type of roof, consider the intensity of the load that will affect the coating.
If we talk about the style of roofing, then it's up to you, there are no restrictions. The main thing is that the choice does not contradict operational requirements.
The scheme of the mansard roof of a triangular shape, having a rectilinear outline, is the easiest to build.
Attics, in relation to the walls, can be located in alignment or cross their outer boundaries. The outer walls of the attic floors can be insulated both completely and without going beyond the boundaries of the heated premises. The choice of an architectural system in the form of an attic involves the use of lightweight structures and materials.
When designing an attic, consider the following points:
- constructive scheme, material for enclosing structures, details is determined taking into account the architectural parameters of the building as a whole;
- the shape and dimensions of the premises are importance, therefore, the choice of translucent barriers (vertical, inclined windows), their installation should take into account the interior and appearance of the building;
- the choice of the attic plan option must be made based on the entire layout of the building;
- attics equipped under a steeply sloping roof require careful selection of roofing material, thermal insulation, waterproofing and sealing.
In the under-rafter space, sidewalls are inevitably formed that are unsuitable for full-fledged housing. They appear when installing vertical walls. With proper design, these zones can be used for various needs (pantry, built-in wardrobes, etc.).
The width of the building for the installation of the attic must be more than 4.5 m. In addition, the area of the attic floor cannot be less than 7 m 2, and the height / floor area ratio is 1: 2.
Attics with a broken slope suit if its dimensions do not fit into a triangular shape. Thanks to this technique, the area of \u200b\u200bthe sidewalls is reduced. The attic area can be used optimally. Unfortunately, the wiring diagram of a sloping roof is much more complicated, and its construction is more expensive. Subject to the necessary proportions of the house, the height of the attic floor with a sloping roof is noticeably lower. In addition, under a sloping roof, the usable attic area is lost.
Houses with a medium load-bearing wall also use a mansard roof truss system. The drawings are given below. The lower belt with support in the center of the load is often made lighter. The height of the ceilings in attic living quarters should be at least 2.5 m, but this may include a part of the room with a lower height. The area of the zone with a lower height is subject to strict rationing. It is worth considering that the greater the slope of the roof slopes, the more spacious the under-roof space. Accordingly, with a slope of 30 degrees, the minimum height is approximately 1.2 m, with a slope of 45-60 degrees - 0.8 m, more than 60 - is no longer standardized. The width of the room must be at least 2.4 m.
The optimal angle of inclination of the rafters should be between 45 and 60 degrees. If the roof has a slope of 45 degrees, use the usual truss system. In this case, the ceilings in the attic floor are sloping. If the project provides for a roof with a slope of 60 degrees, long beams and boards are used as rafters. Because of this, the amount of material needed increases dramatically.
Attic device
The simplest device for roofing a mansard roof is to create the following layers:
- roofing material
Directly protects the building from external conditions. Its purchase should be approached with great care. There is a wide range of such materials on the market: metal tiles, shingles, slate, corrugated board, etc. In order not to make a mistake in choosing, consider all possible factors (size of the house, climate, material possibilities);
- roofing film
It is necessary to protect the internal insulation and the entire truss system. Its choice directly depends on the type and properties of the insulation used;
- waterproofing
You can’t do without a layer of waterproofing material, because it is thanks to him that moisture does not penetrate into the house.
- battens, rafters
These are already parts of the roof itself. Due to them, the roof is kept. Made from wooden beams. Rafters distribute the load from the weight of the roof along the walls;
- insulation, vapor barrier
- interior decoration.
All of the above levels are required when building a house with an addition such as a mansard roof. The drawings are shown on our website. You can read them to better understand the installation.
There is one nuance in the attic device - the need for a ventilation gap. It is best to make two of them: one - directly above the insulation, the second - immediately under the roofing. With the help of the first, the resulting steam will leave, which somehow penetrated the insulation layer, and thanks to the other, the moisture accumulated under the roofing materials will evaporate. Air should come from the base of the roof and leave through the roof in the ridge area.
When constructing an attic, remember that the design should be as light as possible. Wood or lightweight metal profile should be used. Avoid heavy materials such as stone, concrete, etc.
The roof project with an attic must be carefully thought out and drawn up by professionals in their field, since the slightest miscalculation can lead to the destruction of the structure.
Also, do not forget that wooden rafters have a certain margin of safety, and it is undesirable to use intermediate racks. To cope with this problem, the following most common methods are used: the construction of trussed wooden or metal-wooden trusses.
All wooden elements of the roof truss must be made of excellent quality wood with a permissible moisture content of not more than 22%, treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.
Floors in the attic floor are made according to standard technologies used to create floor coverings on interfloor ceilings. 2 layers will be needed here: vapor barrier and insulation. Thanks to them, not only a comfortable temperature regime in the house will be ensured, but also sound insulation.
Briefly about roof trusses
Wooden trusses are usually made of round timber, beams, boards. To pair the elements of wooden rafters, the following are used: cuts, bolts, nails, gear-ring dowels.
Recently, along with purely wooden trusses for spans over 16 m, trusses with iron posts have become widespread.
Assembling a wooden truss is costly work force. It is easier to install metal-wood trusses. In such structures, all tension elements and the lower chord are made of metal, which makes them very easy to assemble in production.
Skylights
Roof windows are often subject to excessive requirements, unlike ordinary ones. This is due to the fact that it is installed in the slope of the roof, at an angle, and therefore is subjected to a more intense influence of negative factors than the usual vertical one.
The main feature of the windows in the attic is a large access of light and heat. With the help of which you can create light compositions in the premises. These windows allow you to maximize access time. sunlight to the house. That is why it is desirable to equip libraries, children's rooms, etc. in the attic. With the help of skylights, distant corners are additionally illuminated.
During the construction of the attic, the following translucent structures are used: facade end windows, domers, stained glass, combined systems, special roof windows. Projects of houses with a mansard roof are very diverse in the use of such structures.
A large load is placed on skylights, because they are full-fledged elements of the roof, and therefore are subject to the same influences: strong wind, rain, hail, UV radiation, snow, etc. Under such conditions, the window frame must maintain sufficient tightness, thermal parameters, rigidity , dimensional accuracy.
The traditional frame material is wood-laminated laminated timber. This material ensures long-term operation of the structure, it is not afraid of temperature changes and humidity. Recently, plastic elements have become increasingly used. Common PVC profile windows. Frames made of warm aluminum profiles supplemented with plastic inserts are less popular.
The window flashing protects the glass and removes precipitation from the surface. Salaries are made of aluminum coated with special light-resistant paints; from copper. Visually, the salary is almost invisible, since its sides are partially hidden under the roofing material. With the help of specialized salaries, windows are combined into groups: horizontal, vertical or combined.
The translucent element should have increased strength, but it should not be very heavy. Most often, single-chamber double-glazed windows are installed. For added safety, glass is tempered in factories in a special way. Glass with a low-emissivity heat-reflective coating or double-layer impact-resistant glass can also be installed. Some double-glazed windows are filled with an inert gas, due to which the heat-saving characteristics of the structure are increased.
The salaries of skylights immediately take into account hydro and vapor barrier, which facilitates work, improves the quality of installation, and ensures a tight joint between the window and the roof.
There are various opening systems in roof windows: hinged, combined, pivoting, etc. The choice depends only on your preferences and capabilities. One condition - it is desirable to have a rotary mechanism.
Roof windows must be ventilated. In some models, it is a ventilation valve, in others a special device with a filter and an anti-condensation system.
Basic rules for choosing a roof window:
- First of all, determine the slope of the roof, the distance between the rafters, the area of the illuminated room. The lower the slope of the roof, the longer the window should be.
- 1:10 - this is how the area of \u200b\u200bthe window should be related to the floor area.
- The best window height is approximately 1.1 - 1.3 m from the floor.
- Consider the functional purpose of the attic floor.
- The roof window must be combined with the roofing material.
A little about the interior of the attic
Projects of houses with a mansard roof are very diverse and unlike each other. But, in any case, they fit certain canons of the interior of the premises.
The first and most important rule: taking into account the height of the ceilings in the room. If the height is less than 1.6 m, it will be problematic to use it for living.
The second point: in no case do not clutter up the attic rooms, and make the design light. Otherwise, the room will create a depressing impression. In addition, the predominance of light and bright colors will visually increase the space. Use local lighting in the attic. It will add romance.
And the third rule: follow the same style. Furniture and all materials used in the design should be close in color.
Use as many wooden elements as possible. This will increase the level of comfort in the room, as well as provide excellent sound insulation.
The mansard roof project of a private house is an excellent choice for a large family. Especially children will like to live in a room in the attic. In addition, under the roof you can arrange a cozy workshop.
A house with an attic is noticeably different from any private and country houses. The attic allows you to save usable space, it is a functional element of a residential building. However, in order for the attic space to be such, it is necessary to know not only the design features of the roof, but also the layout of the attic as a whole.
Peculiarities
The attic is the top floor of a residential building. It is a mistake to call it an attic: outwardly there is a resemblance, but the attic is a heated room. It is included in the relevant documentation, according to which it is a functional part of the dwelling, included in the total footage and has a specific purpose, which is subject to the communications.
The main difference from the attic is the minimum wall height strictly established by the regulations (1.5 m).
The mansard roof is both the roof and walls of the upper floor. However, the roof may be different. Its design features determine the capacity, future purpose and comfort of being. All this is determined at the stage of designing houses at the time of choosing a place for a future building.
Being the ceiling and walls, the mansard roof has window openings. They perform the function of illuminating the interior space, which is not so important for the attic. For this reason, the roof has not one, but several windows. Their presence and location are factors that make finishing difficult, but necessary to create comfort.
The dimensions of the window openings are selected in each case individually. In most cases, it depends on the material for the construction of the mansard roof.
A distinctive feature of a properly constructed mansard roof is the reduced load on the foundation. For the construction of the attic, they usually try to use lightweight materials. This makes it possible to exclude subsidence of the entire house, as well as to build an attic in houses where it was not originally there. Due to modern technologies, choosing the right raw material is not difficult.
The number of floors of the main building also matters. If there are two of them, then the construction of a complex shape with a mass of rafters and double-glazed windows pressing on the foundation is undesirable. In this case, you will have to think over a simpler version of the attic roof. It is also necessary to take into account the total number of beams so that their number, together with the rest of the structural elements, does not cause the house to subside.
What should be taken into account?
The calculation scheme is quite simple: it is important to take into account the useful and deaf area of the attic. Useful space are zones, the distance from floor to ceiling in which is 1.2 m or more. Everything else is usually called a dead space, since it is impossible to comfortably sit in it. However, it is suitable for placing necessary accessories, such as small shelves, floor lamps, chairs, a table and chest of drawers.
The attic allows you to minimize heat loss.
But so that the insulation and cladding of the upper floor do not reduce the visual volume of the room, you have to think through the shape of the roof. All developments are brought into the project, indicating the dimensions of each plane. The shape of the roof is chosen from several varieties, given:
- required ceiling height parameter;
- maximum user comfort;
- type and material of the foundation of the house;
- reliability of the constructed structure;
- durability and hygiene of raw materials used for roofing;
- the possibility of summing up communications;
- built-in lighting compatibility;
- sufficient level of lighting;
- convenience of ceiling sheathing and wall decoration in the future;
- lack of rigid framework for arranging furniture.
In addition, they try to take into account the openness of the layout. For example, in the case of an open interior space, the design includes supporting pillars or partitions. The essence of the compilation is to disguise these outwardly unsightly components of the attic under the dignity and individuality of the structure. In addition, the projects take into account the visual heaviness, correlating it with the footage of the structure being built.
An important aspect is the location of the stairs leading to the attic. The entrance should be convenient for each household, it is unacceptable that this is reflected in the shape and location of the roof slopes. Design is carried out independently, using online programs or specialist advice. The designer can better suggest which version of the mansard roof will be optimal in a particular case.
At the same time, the customer has the opportunity to choose the functionality of the roof. For example, you can choose options that allow you to align the illumination of the space with natural daylight. In other cases, the project includes the presence of a veranda or balcony. If the customer wishes, a bay window ledge is designed. The latter option is distinguished by the presence of large windows, which will add light to the attic and make it visually lighter.
If you plan to install a fireplace, this also affects the shape of the roof and requires the purchase of refractory material for construction. Additionally, fire safety will have to be strengthened. Inside, you will need to consider a ventilation system.
If, by appointment, part of the attic will be a sauna, it will be necessary to select building materials that are resistant to destruction from moisture and steam.
Types of structures
The mansard roof today has a strict classification according to the shape of the roof. Varieties have their own names and characteristics. The unique property of such a roof is the fact that it can have several levels. Consider the main nuances of mansard roofs.
Shed
Shed roofing is not the best option. It is a roof with one bevel of an inclined shape and looks like a half roof. This form significantly conceals the usable area, makes the room uncomfortable, and limits the arrangement of furniture.
In this case, the angle of inclination of the roof should not be allowed to be small (less than 45 degrees). In most cases, such an attic is not easy to regulate according to the law, which is due to the lack of height of the walls and ceiling. This construction option is the cheapest compared to other varieties. With a longer base length, in addition to the rafter leg, in such systems it is necessary to use a bed.
gable
These options make more efficient use of the interior space. However, they are sometimes not sufficient for maximum comfort of households or their guests. This is due to the steepness of the roof and, as a result, the minimum height of the walls for effective use. Such buildings limit freedom of movement in the attic, require a thorough approach to the height of the walls, which is often hindered by a small footprint.
Gable or gable roofs can be symmetrical (the ridge is placed above the center of the building) and asymmetric (the ridge is offset from the center of the base). Such a space is often shaped like a trapezoid or even a square. Its corners are used for pantries. This category includes the "one and a half floor" variety.
broken lines
These truss systems (roof shapes) are a type of gable counterparts. Their difference is an increase in the number of slopes. In such structures, as a rule, there are 4 of them. Externally, each of the two slopes is divided into two parts located at a certain angle. At the same time, the upper symmetrical slopes are shorter, the lower overhangs are more elongated.
The flat top of such a roof reduces the cost of purchasing roofing material. Part of the rafters during the construction of the attic roof is often carried out beyond the surface of the wall.
Such designs are the best options for a mansard roof, they are highly appreciated by professional craftsmen and designers.
Hip
Such roofs are four-pitched mansard roof structures. The classic hip variety is nothing more than 4 slopes (2 symmetrical each). These systems are most resistant to strong gusty winds, since the wind load does not press sufficiently on the slopes. Externally, such designs are more attractive compared to other analogues.
Inside such spaces, households and guests are provided with maximum level comfort. The ceiling of hip structures is higher, but the construction of such a system will cost more than previous analogues. In some cases, the slopes serve as walls, in others the building has gables. This nuance allows you to install ordinary windows (not roof windows) in the attic roof.
Half hip
Such mansard roofs are modifications of hip analogues. Their design is complex. Externally, the half-hip design always has 4 slopes. However, due to the fact that 2 of them can be partial, it is called gable. Under the small slopes of a gentle shape, the main wall of the house with small windows can be located.
The construction of such buildings is quite complicated, since you have to think through every nuance of the truss system, load-bearing walls and the reliability of the foundation. Sometimes, in addition to simple slopes, the critical system is complemented by gables with windows. In this case, often the pediment may have several slopes, repeating the hip base of the roof. Sometimes these options are combined type roofs. For example, a half-hip construction may be broken.
Mansard Roof Pie
The mansard roof device really resembles a layer cake. Moreover, the layers have all the slopes, even if the shape of the roof is broken. Immediately the eye of the layman appears finishing. This is the final or finishing material, which, in addition to the main function, is also a roof decoration. Metal tile, ondulin or slate is usually used as a finishing layer.
Under this material is a roofing film. It is designed to protect the heat-insulating material from adverse factors. In the arrangement of a mansard roof, various types of auxiliary coatings can be used for this purpose. It all depends on your budget and individual preferences.
To isolate the attic from moisture, a conventional plastic film is used.
The sheathing and rafter system make up the frame of the mansard roof. Today they are made mainly from solid wood. Rafters provide an even distribution of the weight load of the roof from the slopes to the walls. Thermal insulation is an indispensable element of the attic pie. Without proper insulation, the space will not be habitable.
Usually, materials with the best energy-saving characteristics and durability are selected for these purposes (for example, mineral wool). However, the material should not be harmful and expensive. Ventilation is required. Its installation will eliminate the formation of condensate during the operation of the attic. Due to it, it will be possible to protect the entire structure of the attic roof and extend its service life, eliminating premature repairs.
Training
Preparatory work before the construction of the attic roof involves taking into account a number of aspects. In addition to calculating the amount of raw materials required for the construction and insulation of the building, markup is carried out on the drawings indicating each nuance.
Total area
Before erecting the desired structure, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe mansard roof is calculated. This requires a plan. The calculation is done as follows:
- break the internal space into several geometric shapes (depending on the complexity of the design);
- find the area of each figure;
- the results obtained are summarized.
slope slope
In addition to the nuances of thermal insulation and the arrangement of window openings, it is necessary to consider the angle of inclination of the roof slope. This factor is especially important: if the slope of the roof slope exceeds the maximum allowable value, this will lead to a decrease in the internal area of the attic space. Pay attention to the photo, which clearly demonstrates the permissible indicators, taking into account the material used for the construction. Values are given as percentages, ratios are shown for better understanding.
Often the angle of inclination is subject to the weather conditions of a particular region. If we consider a structure with a broken perspective of 4 slopes, the angle of the lower slopes with respect to the floor is 60 degrees. In this case, the upper ones at the base will be located at an angle of 30 degrees. Preparation also calculates the load of slopes from precipitation, including snow and wind, so the steeper the slope, the stronger the wind load.
For this reason, sometimes the structure has a more gentle roof.
Window Installation Rules
According to SNiP, the area of the window opening should not be less than 10% in relation to the floor surface. If the mansard roof will cover the space in several rooms, at least one window should be made in each of them. Inclined window installation technology is somewhat more complicated than usual, as is the installation of windows on the ceiling. The distance from the floor at which window openings can be placed matters.
The dimensions of the windows directly depend on the height of the mansard roof. They try to arrange them in such a way as to illuminate most of the space. For example, to illuminate a small area with a low ceiling, the parameters 78x118 cm are placed at a height of 100 m from the floor. However, such lighting cannot be called sufficient, since when illuminating a corner, it will not always fill the main part of the room with light.
If the same window is placed at a distance of 120 - 150 cm, the corner will be less illuminated, but the main stream of light will be directed to the center of the room. To achieve maximum illumination, it is better to choose a larger window size (for example, 78x160 cm) and place it at a height of 120 cm from the floor and almost to the top of the roof (230 cm). When preparing, take into account an important nuance: the steeper the configuration of the broken mansard roof, the wider and higher the window should be placed. At the same time, the destruction of the rafter system is excluded.
Rafter system and types of windows
More often, the construction of a private house with a mansard roof is performed with a broken roof structure. This is due to the increase in usable area. However, with the complexity of the form, the dependence of the reliability of the mansard roof on the materials used increases. This is also reflected in the windows, which can be not only classically inclined in a plane, but also vertical:
- with a ledge above the roof (dormer);
- end of the attic;
- recessed into the attic.
Usually, for a small attic, inclined technology is chosen. It affects the interior arrangement most sparingly, gives more light. Other types of installation are more difficult to perform, due to them the feeling of overloading the interior is often created inside.
When marking, take into account the angle of inclination of the slope: the steeper it is relative to the floor, the lower the height of the window can be. Its width should be a few cm less than the step between the beams.
This will make installation easier and eliminate the need for reinforced beams.
Before installation, it is necessary to carefully consider the truss system. With the same width of the base, with an increase in the number of slopes, the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe internal space becomes larger. Despite the fact that the truss system becomes more complicated, it does not lose demand from the customer. A notable nuance of this solution is the possibility of lowering the overhangs lower.
At the same time, sharply inclined overhangs perform the function of protecting the top of the wall from adverse weather factors. In addition, due to them it is possible to remove moisture further from the foundation. However, the preparatory stage should take into account the fact that they are able to increase windage. This forces the use of particularly durable boards and beams in construction.
Lighting
Lighting is thought out at the preparatory stage, designing a traditional or built-in type. The design of the ceiling design depends on the method. To comply with all safety requirements, modern LED light sources are used today. Their shape can be any (in the form of panels, recessed spotlights, spots with an adjustment system, as well as a cord and flexible tape).
These light sources are characterized by high power, they do not emit toxic substances into the air during operation, they are resistant to power surges and do not heat up. However, they shine with directional light, which does not allow illuminating every corner of the mansard roof from the inside. For this reason more often the attic ceiling is equipped with spot lighting located at equal distances along the perimeter. Often in the attic space you can see several chandeliers, as well as composite lighting, consisting of a central and auxiliary elements.
How to do it yourself?
Consider the step-by-step technology for manufacturing a mansard roof of a one-story house. The construction of the truss system has 2 varieties:
- with hanging beams;
- with slopes.
The second options require the construction of additional supports. More often, both are used in the construction of a mansard roof. Therefore, hanging rafters are prepared for the upper slopes, and inclined ones for the dock edges.
The subtleties of all nodes must be verified according to the drawings.
Calculation of the rafter leg
The first step is to calculate the rafters. The step between the bars should vary between 60–80 cm. You can use whole or glued beams with a width of 15–18 cm or more (the longer the length, the wider). The thickness is usually at least 5 cm. Requirements must be observed, as it is important for laying insulation.
Mauerlat installation
Mauerlat is nothing more than a wood trim on top of the base. Its task is to provide conditions for a strong fixation of the bottoms of the rafters to the base. It distributes the weight pressure from the roof to the walls. It is attached to the base by means of anchor bolts, studs or reinforcement, fixing it to the base of the bearing ceilings. Use a wooden dowel.
In order to prevent the destruction of the Mauerlat, waterproofing is performed (roofing material is laid). The bars are treated with an antiseptic impregnation.
Roof frame construction
The beams are placed on the Mauerlat. On the ground, slopes form in a sea of triangles. If it is necessary to make a gable roof, the frame is initially fixed in the form of the letter "P". After that, hanging, and then inclined rafters are attached directly to it. For the side faces, inclined beams are used.
Then the rafter legs are sawn down and attached to the Mauerlat using nails or metal staples (movable type of fixation). The sawing is carried out with maximum precision. It should ensure the tightest fit of the rafter leg to the Mauerlat. The rafters are installed with equal pitch, otherwise the weight pressure on the base will be uneven.
To achieve horizontal during installation, a rope is pulled between the extreme rafters. When all the beams are installed, they are connected to each other, constructing a crate. The places reserved for the roof windows are reinforced with a perpendicularly located beam. This will prevent the windows from deforming in the future.
If the roof has a large width, a ridge beam is installed. This element will be another support. It will redistribute the weight load. If the mansard roof is long, it is provided with a support.
Waterproofing
At this stage, a film of a waterproof barrier is attached to the crate. Proper execution involves laying the material overlap. So that this procedure does not raise doubts, you can buy waterproofing from manufacturers indicating the joints with stripes of bright color.
Attach the waterproofing film with a construction stapler.
Warming and vapor barrier
Usually the insulation is placed under the waterproofing film. In this case, materials with good flexibility are used, capable of filling any gaps and existing voids. A vapor barrier film is necessary to protect the roofing material from condensate and steam that penetrates from the inside. The film is laid, providing gaps right size. At the same time, the distance between roofing and insulating materials is subject to their class.
Installation of windows and finishes
According to the technology, the windows are mounted before the completion of the roofing work. When installing them, make sure that their design provides for opening. This will ventilate the attic.
The last stage of installation is roof sheathing with roofing material. Its choice directly depends on the configuration of the roof, taste preferences and the available budget. However, it is important to follow the rule here: raw materials with sufficient rigidity are applicable for linear type slopes.
Dobor fasteners
After that, it remains to install additional elements. Each of them has its own purpose. For example, a skate is installed on top of the slopes in order to prevent water from entering between them. In order to protect the docking points where water can flow, an inner corner bar is attached. The outer bar is attached to give aesthetic appeal, as well as to enhance the protection of the joints.
Material types
For the construction of the attic roof, the following raw materials are used:
- For rafters you can use pine or glued timber.
- To cut the overlays you will need a metal sheet 1 mm thick.
- Mauerlat will be reliable if used for its construction pine or larch.
- The building is built from foam block or an analogue with a cellular texture.
- The best type of raw materials for roof insulation are mineral and basalt wool. In addition to it, fiberboard, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and glass wool are used.
- For roof sheathing, roofing raw materials are used metal tiles, corrugated board, seam roofing, polymer-sand, bituminous and natural ceramic tiles, turf and slate, reeds.
- Used for interior surfaces decorative stone, lining, wallpaper, paint.
Design and layout
The layout of the attic may be different. The main factor determining its capabilities inside is the shape of the roof. The type, quantity and size of furniture, the convenience of location, the atmosphere of comfort and the regularity of using the attic depend on it. Depending on the available usable area and division or open plan in the attic, you can place:
- one living room and a balcony;
- living room combined with a bay window;
- two bedrooms;
- bedroom and living room;
- bedroom, living room, kitchen and bathroom;
- billiard room and lounge;
- gym and guest room;
- living room combined with a dining area;
- children's room and parents' room;
- office and rest room;
- home library and living room.
There are many planning options. All of them involve creating a cozy environment, which complicates the slope of the slopes. To visually remove this discomfort, they try to fill the places near the walls with trifles. The non-use of blind areas visually introduces an imbalance into the interior. Every corner of the attic should look lived-in. There are a number of basic techniques for the internal arrangement of the attic space, taking into account the purpose of individual rooms.
Living room
If the roof has a complex perspective, it should be leveled with light-colored finishing coatings. The living room implies comfort, warmth and the creation of an atmosphere of a hearth, so warm colors are needed in it. It is undesirable to overload the interior with an abundance of upholstered furniture. If there is not enough space, you can put a small compact sofa and a couple of chairs.
We must not forget about functionality: the sofa should have a convenient transformation mechanism. This will allow, if necessary, to accommodate guests for the night. To create a welcoming atmosphere, you need a small table; glass models will make the interior light. The sofa should be selected so that the back and seat are comfortable and do not create additional stress on the spine.
Bedroom
It is not difficult to equip an attic for a bedroom, even if the perspective of the roof has a lot of kinks. Tones are selected soft and light. The type of surface coating is preferred matte: gloss creates a certain emotional tension.
Excluded are dynamic drawings with large patterns: they visually break up an already difficult space.
When choosing furniture, you should give preference to simple beds without carved elements. The bed may have a small headboard. The best accessories would be bedside tables. They are characterized by minimalistic forms with sufficient functionality.
In such rooms, built-in or near-surface lighting is preferable. Chandeliers are best replaced with spotlights or several wall sconces.
Children's
Equipping the attic space for a children's room, special attention is paid to safety. Complex roof systems are excluded, space and freedom of movement are important. The space is divided into 3 functional zones, delimiting them with a soft carpet or ceiling structure. Depending on age, this is a playroom (recreation area), a work area and a sleeping space.
There should not be a lot of furniture, while the mandatory set includes a bed, a desk, a nightstand, a rack or a small closet. Each functional area should have its own lighting in addition to the central lighting. Contrasting inserts of bright colors are allowed, but no frills. Wallpaper is chosen for the walls, one of the walls can be marked with a poster. If desired, you can equip a small audio zone.
Kitchen and dining room
This purpose of the attic room implies the presence of a ventilation system. Do not overload the room with bulky furniture. It is better if these are built-in wall cabinets, perhaps bar counters or narrow tables and chairs. If space is limited, perform a linear arrangement of furniture.
The priority is to use the white color of the ceiling and combine it with fresh dynamic tones (green, mint, orange). Furniture is selected compact, if possible with streamlined edges, to eliminate the risk of injury to household members or guests. The top covering is made out with a stretch film or painted. Particular attention is paid to the backlight, supplying the ceiling structure with a mass of lamps.
Other Solutions
Apart from classical solutions, when planning an attic for other types of rooms, its furnishings also change. For example, for a study in the attic, a desk is installed, and the necessary equipment is installed. Lamps are built in above the table in order to save space.
If, due to the shape of the slopes, they hit the eyes, wall sconces are mounted instead.
A mandatory attribute of the office is a bookcase. To minimize the accumulation of dust on books, a closed model is placed in the room. Similar is the arrangement of the home library. However, here it is desirable to create more comfortable conditions. To do this, you can put a comfortable sofa or chair in the room.
Stylistics
In most cases, the attic space can be decorated in any interior style. If you approach the process of creating a cozy atmosphere creatively, you will get an unexpected, but harmonious option. At the same time, you can create an interior in classic, modern, vintage and ethnic design directions. The only obstacle is the presence of beams, however, they can be beaten by hiding with a simple suspended structure.
A gable and four-slope roof with classic windows allows the design of the ceiling with a stretch film in a plasterboard box. With their help, you can bring geometric shapes and symmetry into the interior, which is necessary for classics, neoclassics and classicism. If you depict an imitation of gypsum stucco molding on the ceiling, and choose a sofa and armchairs in bright colors with a gilded finish from the furniture, interior in a classic style. For a larger entourage, you can decorate the ceiling with a simple baguette.
If needed rustic theme in the spirit of Provence style, you can paint the walls with water-based paint in white or ivory. Such a decision of a wooden floor will allow you to change its aesthetic perception, making it light. Chandeliers here need a simple shape and small size. The shape of the roof can be gable, hip and broken.
For creativity, it is important to demonstrate some roughness of surfaces. The presence of beams, communication systems is only welcome. Similar extraordinary lamps are selected for them (for example, in the form of a fan). There is no need to make a complex ceiling decor here.
The hallmark of the loft and grunge trends is the deliberate outback. Comfort is created by means of a fireplace, expensive branded furniture and extraordinary accessories.
The priority is light, which is achieved through white paint, stretch film, sometimes wallpaper, and drywall.
The dimensions of recessed fixtures should not be large: this visually makes the room smaller. Each used piece of furniture and accessory has its own story and special meaning, indicating the concept of the chosen style.
To make the attic really a decoration country house, Here are a few suggestions from experts:
- A mistake in the design of internal, and often external design is the use of an identical texture of the material. When there is a lot of one finishing raw material, it loses its expressiveness.
- Buy high-quality raw materials for the construction of a mansard roof. It will help increase the life of the roof as a whole.
- Do not save on raw materials for the truss system and insulation. The design must be reliable, because the operation of the attic will be daily.
- When constructing an attic space, take care of additional insulation. In addition to the roof, insulate the floor. Many modern materials are compatible with the "warm floor" system.
- If you plan to use a fireplace in the attic, it is better to buy an electric imitation of it with a soundtrack function. It weighs less and is safer to use.
- Do not burden the roof with multi-level plasterboard and stretch fabric structures. Hangers and a metal frame, plasterboard sheets, sometimes plastic or wooden cassettes will give an additional weight load on the load-bearing walls.
- If the design of the main building provides for a garage, do not build balconies next to it. The smell of gasoline will enter through the open windows into the space of the entire attic floor.
Beautiful examples
We bring to your attention beautiful examples of photo galleries. They will help you get inspired to create an attic structure, bringing to life the most unusual design solutions.
How to insulate a mansard roof, see the following video.
The device of the attic room is a complex process, it requires maximum attention and responsible attitude. The quality of materials and performance will depend on the life of its service and the comfort of living in the house. Therefore, haste and irresponsible replacement of the material can result in significant losses. Although all the work does not require special knowledge and mastery skills.
Options for arranging houses with an attic, design features
When it comes to building a country house, the first thing that comes to mind is the image of a building with an attic floor. The attic is essentially an ennobled under-roof space, adapted to perform certain functions of a living space. This design of the house significantly expands the efficiently arranged space and makes it more comfortable. In the attic, you can create sleeping quarters, an office or a gym.
The tradition of using the attic as living space dates back to the seventeenth century, when families were large and people were forced to use the extra space.
Photo gallery: attic options for various designs
Attic increases the comfort of living in the house The attic can be used as an additional decoration of the exterior Living in a house with an attic is comfortable and cozy The attic can be equipped under a sloping roof
Advantages and disadvantages of the attic
The main advantages of a building with an attic room are a significant expansion of the usable area in the house. Besides:
- Attic gives aesthetics to the building from the outside.
- Inside, you can create an original interior, creatively using the additional features provided by the structure of the room.
- Significantly reduce heat loss from the heating system in the house. With an attic, you can save up to a third of the energy generated. Considering the long heating period in Russia, the benefits can be quite impressive.
The disadvantages of the attic device include the complexity of its manufacture, associated with special requirements for materials and the quality of installation work. The most important condition is the correct design of the truss system, the selection and installation of skylights and the provision of an effective ventilation system.
What factors are taken into account when arranging attic rooms
Premises in the under-roof space have a number of device features associated with their location. They do not have a direct impact on the load-bearing structures of the house, but load them indirectly through transfers and the truss system.
Features of the device mansard roofs
The classic mansard roof is arranged gable at an angle of 45 degrees. In this case, in the cross section, geometric figure from a combination of a rectangle and a trapezoid. That is, one or two sections of the ceiling are installed with a slope. In this case, the useful volume of space is exactly two-thirds of the volume of the under-roof space.
A gable roof is suitable for creating an attic in a country house
Wanting to increase this figure, developers often decide to install a sloping roof. In this case, you can increase the amount of usable space up to 90%.
The truss system is necessary for the device of a sloping roof
In this case, the cross-sectional shape can be different, but rectangles are most common.
The drawing will help make the most of the under-roof space for the attic
Given the design features of the attic device, you must adhere to the following rules:
- To form an attic, only light materials, in particular drywall, should be used.
The walls of the attic are best sheathed with drywall
- The attic room must be reliably insulated, since it is in direct contact with the cold roof. Careful insulation reduces the overall heating costs in the house by up to 30%. In the conditions of the Russian climate, this can amount to a hefty amount.
Minplita is a good option to arrange attic insulation
- Waterproofing is also required. For this, a polyethylene film with a thickness of 90-200 microns is used. Its purpose is to protect the insulation layer from moisture from the outside, as well as from condensate that forms during operation on the reverse side of almost any roofing.
The roofing pie will reliably protect both the attic and the whole house.
- From the inside, the roofing pie must be protected with a layer of vapor barrier. For this, a one-sided permeability membrane is used. If it is placed with the front side inward, the moisture from the insulation through the capillary holes is discharged into the ventilated space under the finish.
Vapor barrier is arranged from membrane films
- Under the finish coating of the roof above the attic, a ventilated space is necessarily made. It is formed when installing a counter-lattice under the bearing surface of the roof. The ventilated channel from above is led into a cold triangle under the roof ridge.
The device of the ventilation gap on the counter-lattice is an obligatory stage in the construction of the attic
Ready-made projects of houses with a mansard roof
The construction market offers many options for arranging houses with an attic, which means not only a paper project, but also a full cycle of work with a turnkey delivery of an object.
Projects of houses with an attic under a pitched roof
In these buildings there are a number of performance features that must be taken into account when designing. The slope angle of such roofs cannot be more than 15 degrees, which makes them vulnerable to snow loads.
The angle of a shed roof should be no more than 15 degrees
In addition, the minimum height of the walls is allowed at 1.1 meters on the low side and at least 2.5 on the high side. That is, the under-roof space cannot be fully used. This can be avoided by raising the load-bearing walls to a height of more than 1.2 meters, but this is already a half-attic. After drawing up a draft design, it must be shown to a qualified specialist. If he has reasonable claims or comments, they should be taken into account and appropriate corrections made.
The layout of the premises of the house with an attic will help to take into account all the nuances
Projects of houses with an attic under a hip roof
Hip - an additional slope on a gable roof, perpendicular to the roof ridge.
These slopes are divided into several types. So, the Danish hip replaces only part of the slope on top of the ridge. Further, a rafter system is formed, as for a pediment with windows and a door, below there may be a supporting wall or a second shortened slope.
Under the half-hip, you can make a comfortable attic
Thus, the construction of a balcony from the attic is being implemented. In addition, such a device avoids the use of skylights built into the roof. They are complex in design, require constant maintenance and are expensive compared to vertical windows.
The second main version of the hip roof device is the Dutch hip. It is a pediment truncated from below, a slope is arranged below the intersection line. This design allows you to arrange large dormer windows on the pediment, which improve the illumination of the attic room.
The Dutch hip covered the veranda under the attic
Often, various forms of hip roofs are used in combination on one structural unit. Such solutions greatly improve appearance buildings. But you have to pay for this by complicating the shape of the truss system, which creates significant difficulties in the design and implementation of the project.
Video: attic device under a gable roof
Projects of houses with an attic for hipped roofs
Such roofing systems are arranged on fairly large buildings. They visually reduce the size of the building in length, giving it a more comfortable look. Naturally, the size of the attic room is noticeably reduced, and for the organization of normal lighting, it is necessary to use a large number of roof windows. The truss system with such structures is simple enough to be installed by hand. But for the installation of skylights, certain skills and special knowledge are needed.
An attic device is also possible on a large house
Examples of design of attic rooms
The simplest architectural solutions of houses with attics make them unique. Therefore, it makes sense to be creative in interior design.
The main modern trends in the decoration of attics from the inside are eclectic, country and chalet styles. A feature of such solutions are some structural elements that are left in sight, for example, they can be crossbars. These rooms are installed wooden furniture, on which elements of carved design are allowed.
Wooden furniture is best suited for the attic
Pillows and blankets can be laid out on sofas and armchairs. In such a room, an animal skin on the floor is appropriate.
Chalet-style attic is very popular
The design of the attic in the Provence style can be considered common. In this case, all structural elements are sewn up with drywall. Given the peculiarity of the material, you can create the most bizarre forms of decoration and decorative elements. Facial decoration is made using plaster and paint. With this style, numerous shelves with souvenirs are very appropriate.
Provence - an original style solution for finishing the attic
The arrangement of furniture in the attic depends entirely on the preferences of the owners. Depending on the design, the appropriate environment is also selected. Moreover, this should be done already at the design stage, taking into account the following circumstances:
There are many options for the aesthetic design of attic rooms, and here there is full scope for imagination.
The variety of finishes is determined by the shape of the roof
The popularity of houses with an attic is quite justified. With a small increase in costs, you can get additional residential or functional premises, which also improves the operating conditions of the house as a whole.