Before the war, during the reorganization of the NKVD and the formation of the People's Commissariat of State Security, counterintelligence became part of the latter as its 2nd department. The head was approved by the commissioner of state security of the 3rd rank P.V. Fedotov, who headed the 3rd department of the GUGB from September 1940.

The head of the Soviet counterintelligence during the war, Pyotr Vasilievich Fedotov, was an ambiguous personality. He looked like a professor or a doctor, but in fact he was one of the most experienced leaders of the state security agencies.

He was born on December 18, 1901 (according to other sources, in 1900) in St. Petersburg. His father Vasily Fedotovich was a native of peasants (the village of Staroye Rakhino, Starorussky district, Novgorod province), worked for many years as a conductor and carriage driver of the St. Mother Pelageya Ivanovna, descended from Novgorod peasants, all her life she was engaged in farming and raised four children: three daughters and a son. She died during the blockade in the winter of 1942.

Until the age of fifteen, Peter lived at the expense of his older sisters, tailor-workers Alexandra and Anna, having managed to study in 1908 at a 3-grade elementary school and from 1911 at a 4-grade city school named after. D. I. Mendeleev in Petrograd. From August 1915 to February 1919 he worked as a stacker-packer of newspapers of the expedition of the Petrograd Post Office. While working there, in October 1917 he enrolled in a cell of sympathizers of the Bolshevik Party. At the same time, he worked as a projectionist in the private cinemas "Mars" and "Magic Dreams".

In February 1919, Fedotov voluntarily joined the Red Army as an ordinary soldier of the 1st Separate Communist Petrograd Brigade, in whose ranks he fought on the Eastern and Southern fronts. In the battles near Kupyansk and Valuyki he was shell-shocked and wounded. At the front, Fedotov was accepted into the party and in July 1919 was sent to political courses at the political department of the Southern Front. As a student of the courses, he took part in the hostilities against the units of General Mamontov, in September 1919 he was sent to the 1st Revolutionary Discipline Regiment of the 8th Army as a political instructor of the company. As part of this regiment, P.V. Fedotov ended up in the North Caucasus, where he participated in battles with the remnants of the White Guard units in the Cossack villages, as well as in Chechnya and Dagestan, where he was shell-shocked. At the end of 1920, the regiment suffered heavy losses and was disbanded, and Fedotov was transferred to work in the Special Department of the 8th Army as a censor-inspector, then served as the head of the censorship of the Caucasian Labor Army.

From January 1921 he was the responsible controller of censorship, from February 1922 he was the head of the information department, and then the Information Department of the 111 Grozny Cheka. From 1922 - authorized, from September 1923 - head of the KRO, from December of the same year - deputy head of the KRO-Eastern Department of the Chechen Regional Department of the GPU. In Grozny, Fedotov worked under the leadership of Yakov Deutsch and Veniamin Abramov, well-known among the KGB. In 1922, "for hard work and setting up an informing apparatus in the district, especially in the fields, he was awarded a leather suit."

In 1923-1924. Fedotov led a major operation to disarm the Achkhoy-Martan district of Chechnya and eliminate the gang of Maza Shadayev. He took in the development and liquidation of large armed formations (up to 10 thousand people) Sheikh Ali Mitaev. Then, in the first performance appraisal, his immediate supervisor wrote the following review on Pyotr Fedotov:

“As someone well aware of all the specifics of Eastern work in his position, he is indispensable. An excellent orientalist in terms of purely analytical work, he also knows the operational industry. Extremely diligent, hardworking and disciplined, a good friend, indecisive. He has the initiative, but is not energetic enough.

From March 1924, Fedotov was authorized to systematize the materials of the Military Department, from January 14, 1925 - assistant to the head of the KRO, and from December 1926 - authorized by the OO of the Chechen Regional Department of the GPU. In this capacity, Fedotov was directly involved in the "disarmament of Chechnya and Dagestan." Having carried out thorough preparatory work, Fedotov, in the course of a number of operations, being the deputy chief of the operational group for the region, led the information and intelligence services, the degree of organization of which, based on its results, was highly appreciated by the command. This allowed them to correctly navigate the situation during the operation, ensuring their success. Under the leadership of Fedotov, by creating operational positions among the local population, it was possible to eliminate the armed formations of sheikhs Ilyasov, Akhaev and Aksaltinsky without a military operation.

From February 1927, Fedotov served in the apparatus of the OGPU PP in the North Caucasus region: from February 1, 1927 - authorized by the KRO-VO, from November of that year - temp. and. head of the 3rd department of the KRO, from October 1930 - head of the 6th department of INFO, from January 1931 - employee for special assignments. The certification for Fedotov of this period says:

“A very conscientious, honest and dedicated worker. He knows his work well and shows great initiative in it. In performing tasks, he is slow, which pays off with the extreme thoroughness of the work and the thoughtfulness of the approach to it.

Subsequently, these qualities were noted in Fedotov by his colleagues. Intelligence officer, Colonel Zoya Ivanovna Rybkina-Voskresenskaya wrote on the folder (in which she kept materials for the report to Fedotov) a quote from Hamlet: “Thus, ideas on a grand scale die, which at first promised success from long delays.”

Since November 1931, Fedotov headed the 2nd, 3rd departments of the SPO PP OGPU SKK. In January 1934, after the division of the North Caucasian Territory into the Azov-Chernomorsky (with a center in Rostov-on-Don) and the North Caucasian (Pyatigorsk, since 1935 - Voroshilovsk, now Stavropol) Territory, Fedotov was appointed head of the 2nd department SPO PP OGPU SKK. After the transformation of the OGPU into the NKVD in July 1934, P.V. Fedotov became the head of the 5th department, from February 1936, concurrently - assistant to the head of the SPO-4th Department of the UGB of the UNKVD of the North Caucasus Territory. From February 1937, he was the head of the 5th department of the 4th department of the UGB of the UNKVD of the Ordzhonikidze Territory (this was how the North Caucasian Territory was renamed after the death of the People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR). In January 1936, Fedotov was awarded the special rank of senior lieutenant of the State Security Service. In 1934 he was awarded the badge of "Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU".

Occupying positions in the state security agencies, Fedotov spent most of his service in the Caucasus outside the ranks of the party. But it wasn't like that all the time. He joined the Bolshevik Party back in Petrograd in October 1918, but in March 1922 he “dropped out automatically,” which he later wrote in his autobiography: “... due to political immaturity and negligent attitude to party duties and instructions, neglecting the advice senior comrades to study and actively participate in the life of the party organization, I left the party and mechanically dropped out of its ranks, which, with the onset of a more mature age, I always strongly condemned.

This was common at the time, as was expulsion from the party for being "passive". Fedotov again joined the CPSU (b) as a candidate in February 1932, and received his party card in July 1937 in Moscow.

Having worked for 16 years in the North Caucasus in Grozny, Rostov, Pyatigorsk and Voroshilovsk under the guidance of well-known Chekists - plenipotentiaries E.G. Evdokimova, R.A. Pillyara, I.Ya. Dagin, their deputies - V.M. Kursky, G.F. Gorbach, M.G. Raev and others, Fedotov becomes part of the "North Caucasian clan", whose representatives in 1936-1938. under Yezhov, they occupied most of the command posts in the central apparatus and local organs of the NKVD. Unlike others, Fedotov was less visible and more cautious, which, apparently, saved him in 1939-1940, when most of the North Caucasian Chekists died in the next, already Beria, purge.28

In November 1936, by combining the offices of the Secretary of the NKVD (this post was held by the closest assistant to the former People's Commissar Yagoda, Senior Major of the State Security Pavel Petrovich Bulanov) and the Operational Secretary of the People's Commissar (he was the well-known North Caucasian Chekist Yakov Abramovich Deutsch, who had worked in Moscow since 1931), was created Secretariat of the NKVD of the USSR. Deutch was appointed his chief. Fedotov served under Deutsch in Grozny. On April 25, 1937, Fedotov was sent to the disposal of the Personnel Department of the NKVD of the USSR, and already on May 10 he was appointed assistant to the head of the Secretariat of the NKVD of the USSR - the same Deutsch.

Deutsch did not stay in Moscow this time. On August 16, 1937, he was appointed head of the NKVD department for the Azov-Chernomorsky Territory (in September of the same year, the region was divided into Rostov region and Krasnodar region). Fedotov, who was awarded the Order of the Red Star on July 11, according to the order of the NKVD of the USSR of August 28, 1937, also had to go to work in Rostov. According to the historian M.A. Tumshis, who established the fact of Fedotov's transfer to Moscow in April 1937 and his work in the NKVD Secretariat (it was previously believed that Fedotov got into the central apparatus only in November 1937), soon “the order was canceled. Fedotov remained at work in the central apparatus of the NKVD. This event probably saved his life. In March 1938, Deutsch was arrested and, after lengthy interrogations "with partiality," he died in September 1938 in a Moscow prison. It is quite possible that after Deutsch's arrest, Fedotov could have ended up in a prison cell.”29

It is curious that Deutsch (who was directly related to the death of Artuzov and other Chekists) died during the period of “dominance” of the North Caucasians in the NKVD. Leading in the second half of 1937 - early 1938. counterintelligence in the central office of the NKVD of the USSR A.M. Minaev-Tsikanovsky, in his testimony during the investigation, already after his arrest in November 1938, said: “After the departure of Deutsch, who overshadowed both deputies Yezhov-Frinovsky and Velsky, the latter began to feel more confident.”30 Also, Deutsch was one of the extremely few leaders of local departments of the NKVD, who did not receive any awards in 1937 (and on the 20th anniversary of the Cheka-NKVD in December, when almost everyone received orders) and was not elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the same December (of those directly subordinate to the Center, one can name people's commissars of internal affairs Karelia - soon arrested Karl Tenisson, and Udmurtia - Dmitry Shlenov, as well as Alexei Boechin, appointed in November 1937 as head of the UNKVD of the Kursk region). Apparently, Deutsch managed to ruin relations with his former colleague Mikhail Frinovsky (since April 1937 - Yezhov's 1st deputy and head of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD).

According to the historian V.Yu. Voronova, Fedotov still worked in the UNKVD in the Azov-Chernomorsky Territory / / Rostov Region from August 1937, and in November

1937 was transferred to the central apparatus of the NKVD of the USSR. On November 10, Fedotov (5 days earlier promoted to captain of the State Security Service) was appointed head of the 7th (eastern) department of the 4th department of the GUGB (since March 28, 1938, the 1st UGB) of the NKVD of the USSR. From August 1

In 1938, he already became assistant chief of the 4th department of the 1st UGB NKVD of the USSR, from September 29, 1938 - assistant chief, and on November 1, 1938, deputy head of the 2nd department of the GUGB NKVD. At the same time, from October 8 to December 22, 1938, he was the head of the investigative unit of the 2nd department of the NKVD GUGB.

During the period of repression 1936-1938. employees of the SPO (from December 1936 - the 4th department of the GUGB) and their local units played a crucial role in arrests and investigations. SPO was the central division of the NKVD in the preparation of the "Moscow Trials" of 1936-1938. (Zinoviev-Kamenev, Pyatakov-Radek, Bukharin-Rykov). This period is characterized by frequent turnover of the leadership of the ideological counterintelligence, most of which died. In 1936-1938. 5 heads of the SPO were replaced - the 4th department of the NKVD of the USSR. Commissar of State Security 1st rank Ya.S. Tsesarsky (head of the 4th department of the GUGB in March-May 1938), major of the GB A.S. Zhurbenko (head of the 4th department of the GUGB in May-September 1938), deputy heads of the department, senior major (then commissioner of the 3rd rank GB) B. D. Berman, senior major of the GB S.G. Gendin, major GB Z.N. Glebov-Yufa; commissars of the State Security Service of the 3rd rank V.M. shot themselves. Kursky (head of the 4th department of the GUGB in November 1936 - April 1937), M.I. Litvin (head of the 4th department of the GUGB in May 1937 - January 1938), deputy. Head of Department V.A. Karutsky; most of the other senior officials of the SO-SPO of the 20s-30s died.

Working all the time in one department, which changed the numbering, but all the time engaged in the fight against internal opposition, real and fictitious, Fedotov managed not only to avoid being arrested with the inevitable execution, like almost all leaders of the SPO, but also to stay in the system with a subsequent promotion.

This is also surprising because he participated in operations at the end of which it was undesirable to leave witnesses. As the head of the eastern branch of the 4th department of the GUGB of the NKVD, in September 1937, as part of a brigade of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the USSR, he traveled to Armenia under the leadership of a member of the Politburo, deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR A.I. Mikoyan, head of the ORPO of the Central Committee of the GM. Malenkov and the head of the 4th department of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR, senior major of the GB M.I. Litvin (in December 1937 he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Council from Armenia).

As 20 years later, officials of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the CPSU formulated, Fedotov and other Chekists "actively participated in falsifying charges against many party and Soviet workers in Armenia, applied measures of physical and moral pressure to those arrested." As a result, the 1st secretary of the Central Committee of Armenia Hmayak Amatuni, many other leaders of the republic, former chairman SNK Sahak Ter-Gabrielyan (former security officer, chairman of the Cheka of the Baku Commune in 1918, head of the Special (Economic) Department of the Cheka in 1919) jumped out of the window during interrogation (or was killed by investigators); this incident aroused Stalin's suspicions.

In 1937-1938. Fedotov also conducted an investigation into the cases of the former USSR plenipotentiary in Norway and Hungary, Alexander Bekzadyan, former first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Kyrgyzstan Maxim Ammosov and other major leaders who were shot and rehabilitated after 20 years, which played a role in the subsequent fate of Peter Vasilyevich.

Under the new Commissar L.P. Beria (since September 1938), the change of leadership of the 2nd department of the GUGB was also frequent, but was no longer accompanied by repression. The position of the head of the department was occupied by senior major of the State Security Service (then commissar of the State Security Service of the 3rd rank) Bogdan Zakharovich Kobulov (September 1938 - July 1939) and senior major of the State Security Service Ivan Alexandrovich Serov (July-September 1939). After Serov's departure to Ukraine on September 4, 1939, Major P.V. Fedotov, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in April this year.

As of December 1939, the structure of the 2nd (secret-political) department of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR included 12 departments:
1st - the development of the Trotskyists, Zinovievites, right-wing oppositionists, Myasnikovites, Shlyapnikovites expelled from the CPSU (b), foreign work (chief - captain of the State Security Council Yakov Naumovich Matusov;
2nd - the development of the former Mensheviks, anarchists, socialist-revolutionaries, Bundists, clerics, provocateurs, gendarmes, counterintelligence officers, punishers, White Cossacks, monarchists;
3rd - the fight against the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Karelian-Finnish nationalist opposition;
4th - undercover development of the anti-Soviet Dashnak parties, Turkic-Tatar nationalists, Georgian Mensheviks, Musavatists;
5th - the development of writers, workers in the press, publishing houses, theaters, cinema, cultural and art workers;
6th - development and maintenance of the Academy of Sciences, research institutes, scientific societies;
7th - identification and development of anti-Soviet organizations of student youth, the Narkompros system, children of the repressed;
8th - servicing the system of the People's Commissariat of Health and its educational institutions;
9th - maintenance of the system of the People's Commissariat of Justice, the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor's Office, the People's Commissariat for Social Security and their educational institutions;
10th - the struggle against the church-sectarian counter-revolution;
11th - maintenance of the system of physical culture organizations, voluntary societies, clubs, sports publishing houses;
12th - maintenance of Osoaviakhim, police, fire brigade, military registration and enlistment offices, reserve commanders.

Fedotov headed the SPO until February 1941, when, during the formation of the NKGB, the Secret Political Department of the abolished GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR became part of the newly created People's Commissariat as the 3rd (secret political) department. Solomon Rafailovich Milshtein, commissar of the 3rd rank GB, who had previously headed the Main Transport Directorate of the NKVD, was appointed head of the department (already on March 11, 1941, he was replaced by deputy head of department Nikolai Dmitrievich Gorlinsky).

Being a good specialist, Fedotov concurrently from March 1939 was the chairman of the subject-methodical commission and a lecturer high school NKVD of the USSR for intelligence and operational work.

During this period, he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor (April 1940, together with a group of Chekists "for fulfilling government tasks for the protection of state security") and the medal "XX Years of the Red Army" (1938 - the first of 6 medals he received for his service) .

On September 26, 1940, while remaining head of the 2nd department, commissioner of the State Security Service of the 3rd rank (since March 1940) Fedotov headed counterintelligence - the 3rd department of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR. With this, the unification of general counterintelligence and secret-political counterintelligence began, which was then carried out again in 1943.

Fedotov, after the reorganization, from February 25, 1941, becomes the head of the 2nd Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR (KRU), at the same time, from April of the same year, he is a member of the Central Award Commission of the NKGB of the USSR.

T.N. was appointed his deputies. Kornienko, L.I. Novobratsky, L.E. Vlodzimirsky, N.D. Gorlinsky, T.M. Borshchev. After the unification of the NKGB and the NKVD on July 31, 1941, counterintelligence became known as the 2nd Directorate of the NKVD. The head of counterintelligence throughout the war was P.V. Fedotov, his first deputy - Leonid Fedorovich Raikhman (in July 1945 both were awarded the military rank of "lieutenant general"), in the event of the fall of the capital, Fedotov was supposed to remain illegal in Moscow and coordinate the work of all 36 sabotage and reconnaissance groups, organized by Chekists for underground work against the Nazis. These groups numbered 243 people, of which 78 were trained to carry out acts of individual terror and 32 were trained for sabotage.

An idea of ​​the tasks of Soviet counterintelligence during the war is given by the structure of the 2nd Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR (May 1942, 227 staff members):
management (head and his deputies);
secretariat;
operational accounting group.

1st department (head P.P. Timofeev):
1st branch (clearing the cities and regions liberated from Nazi invaders from Nazi agents and organizing their own intelligence work in these areas), head M.V. Podolsky (33);
2nd branch (registration and development of Nazi intelligence agencies and the implementation of counterintelligence combinations);
3rd branch (identification, development and liquidation of enemy intelligence agents in Moscow);
4th branch (intelligence and operational work in the camps of prisoners of war and internees; monitoring the developments of local NKVD bodies);
5th department (accounting and operational search for enemy agents, traitors and accomplices of the Nazi occupiers);
6th department (investigative);

2nd department:
1st branch (Japanese line);
2nd branch (Chinese and Mongolian lines);

3rd department:
1st branch (English);
2nd branch (American);
3rd branch (Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan);
investigation team;

4th department:
1st branch (Polish, Czech, Yugoslav, Greek, Swedish and Norwegian embassies and missions, colonies, military missions and attaches);
2nd branch (organization of work along the line of Polish illegal organizations in the General Government, Polish exile and camps, Polish colonies);
3rd department (investigative);
4th branch (representation of free France and Spanish emigration);
5th department (work on the cordon);

5th department (special events):
1st branch;
2nd department;
Surveillance and installation group;
ECCI Maintenance Group;

6th department (security of the diplomatic corps):
1st branch (protection of diplomatic missions - England, USA, Japan and Sweden);
2nd department (security of diplomatic missions - Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, embassies of Mongolia and Tuva; episodic protection of foreign government delegations and external surveillance of visitors to foreign embassies);
3rd department (surveillance of employees of the embassies of England, America, Sweden, Poland and Czechoslovakia);
4th department (surveillance of employees of the embassies of Japan, Turkey, Iran, China, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, Tuva);
5th department (economic and financial; motorcade);
The apparatus of communications officers under the command of the Polish army (G.S. Zhukov).
Apparatus of communications officers under the command of the Czech brigade.

During the battle for Moscow, when there was a threat of the capture of the Soviet capital by the Germans, Fedotov was preparing to stay in the budded city as the leader of the underground (this is known from the memoirs of P. A. Sudoplatov). At the same time, employees of the KRO UNKVD in the Moscow region under the leadership of SM. Fedoseev was identified and neutralized by German paratroopers.

During the offensive of the Red Army, new tasks were set for counterintelligence. In the liberated territories, the German secret services left agents and saboteurs who needed to be identified and neutralized; also to identify and bring to justice civilians who have collaborated with the occupying authorities. The special operational groups had previously received information about German reconnaissance and punitive bodies operating in these areas. Groups entered the liberated areas together with the advanced units of the army and did not allow agents and traitors to escape.

An effective direction of military counterintelligence work was radio games (for example, "Nakhodka"). They made it possible to introduce agents into German intelligence agencies and bring enemy intelligence officers to the Soviet rear, who were immediately neutralized. German agents with radios captured by counterintelligence were used to misinform the Wehrmacht command. Radiograms with disinformation, agreed with the Soviet military command, were transmitted by the agents themselves under the dictation of counterintelligence officers or on behalf of the agents.

We will tell you more about the game "Nakhodka". This operational radio game of counterintelligence of the UNKVD of the Moscow Region with the Abwehr took place in 1943. On February 10, the Moscow Regional Directorate of the NKVD received a message about the landing of three unknown paratroopers in the Volokolamsk region. The task force took control of the nearby highways and country roads, deployed fighter squads. During the search activities, a certain Grigoriev was detained, in the form of a junior lieutenant of the Red Army. A radio station and a large sum of money were found with him. Senior investigator P. Borisenkov established the identity of the detainee. Grigoriev turned out to be a former Soviet soldier who was surrounded in August 1941 and then transferred to the Smolensk prisoner of war camp. Abwehr recruited Grigoriev and sent him to study at his schools - Borisov and Katyn. In German intelligence, an agent-radio operator who had completed a special training course was listed as "Gaidarov". He was given the uniform of a junior lieutenant of the Red Army, fictitious documents, a walkie-talkie and money to complete the assignment. German intelligence was interested in information about the situation on the Moscow-Rzhev transport routes. Grigoriev and two other agents were dropped by parachute in order to obtain this information.

The counterintelligence officers of the Moscow regional NKVD decided to recruit the couriers who had arrived to conduct an operational game with the Abwehr. The operation "Nakhodka" was led by the head of the KRO UNKVD, Lieutenant Colonel S. Fedoseev, the head of the UNKVD of the Moscow Region, M. I. Zhuravlev. Grigoriev agreed to cooperate, the counterintelligence officers decided not to recruit the second courier, taking him under surveillance. The search for a third agent was fruitless.

On February 13, at the appointed time, Grigoriev got in touch with the Abwehr and reported on his safe arrival. German intelligence questioned the fact that the agent was not under the control of the NKVD. Therefore, a certain amount of truthful information in the information received from Grigoriev was necessary.

The development of the operation "Nakhodka" at the next stage was taken up by the head of the direction in the Operational Directorate of the General Staff, General S.M. Shtemenko and Deputy Fedotov, Commissioner of State Security L.F. Reichman.

In addition to misinforming the enemy, the Soviet counterintelligence officers had the task of creating conditions for an additional communication channel. Contacts of the second agent with the Abwehr were not suppressed, but the information that came from him to the German intelligence center was carefully processed by Smersh employees.

From February 23, regular communication was established with German intelligence. Disinformation was received from two agents about the state of air defense, the movement of cargo flows on railway and highway directions, and changes in military garrisons. The enemy attached particular importance to weather reports. On March 13, the Abwehr awarded "its" employees located in the Moscow region with orders "For Courage" 2nd class. The congratulatory coded message was received on March 26. But the "validity" of the fictitious documents of Grigoriev and his partner was expiring; there was no way, except by radio, to keep in touch with German intelligence; food, issued for the duration of the stay in the USSR, ended. Requests from "agents" were sent to the Abwehr to resolve these issues. On the recommendation of the USSR state security organs, the proposal to send a German aircraft with everything necessary was rejected. The option of a courier arriving at the radio operators was considered the most acceptable.

The leadership of the military counterintelligence reported to I.V. Stalin. Stalin considered the immediate capture of the arrived Abwehr courier "Antonov" an unjustified risk. For security reasons, Grigoriev asked "Antonov" to personally send a radiogram to the German intelligence center about the successful arrival at the scene. The courier was arrested at the last point of his journey through the front line.

The further development of the radio game "Nakhodka" was already carried out by "Smersh". The result of this two-year-long operation was not only the promotion of targeted disinformation to the German headquarters, but also the detention of seven Abwehr agents.

In the Vologda region in 1943-1944. A radio game called “Squadrons” was held, during which 22 German intelligence agents were brought to Soviet territory. Thanks to radio games, about 400 agents and employees of German intelligence agencies were arrested. In total, counterintelligence agencies during the war years detained more than 30 thousand German intelligence officers, about 3.5 thousand saboteurs and over 6 thousand terrorists, including in 1941 - over 4 thousand, in 1942 - about 7 thousand ., in 1943 - over 20 thousand.

Counterintelligence officers were also engaged in the fight against Bandera in Ukraine and the "forest brothers" in the Baltic states, and ensured secrecy at defense industry enterprises.

The counterintelligence officers also played an important role in disrupting the plans of German intelligence to organize an assassination attempt on the "Big Three" - Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill during their meetings in Tehran and Yalta. For the successful work of P.V. Fedotov (during the meeting of Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill in Yalta, from January 8, 1945, he was assistant to the head of the security of special purpose facilities in the Crimea S.N. Kruglov for operational work during the “special period” - this fact shows the leading role of the NKVD in period of Beria's leadership in the tandem of the people's commissariats of internal affairs and state security) was awarded the orders of Kutuzov 1st degree and the Red Banner.

Operative actions were also carried out against the intelligence agencies of the allied countries. In 1942, Faymonville, head of the US military mission in Moscow, was taken into development. With the help of an agent who entered his environment, they managed to find out Faymonville's connections and supply him with disinformation.

5 months after the Victory, on October 30, 1945, the NKGB circular "On the work of British intelligence against the USSR" was issued. At the same time, as a result of a counterintelligence operation, the assistant to the Canadian military attaché, Colonel Okulich, was compromised.

During the war, Fedotov was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin (1943, 1945), 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1944, 1945), Orders of the Red Star and Kutuzov 1st degree (1945), the badge "Honored Worker of the NKVD" (1942). In 1943 he was promoted to commissar of the State Security Service of the 2nd rank, on July 9, 1945 he received the rank of lieutenant general.

From January 23, 1946, Fedotov was a member of the Commission for directing the preparation of the International Military Tribunal for Japanese war criminals in Tokyo.

Along with the work on the real security of the state under the leadership of Fedotov, measures were taken, perhaps conceived with good intentions, but in practice they clearly violated the law. Such was the operation "False zakordon" ("LZ", "Mill"), developed and carried out by Fedotov. For the first time, it became known in 1990 from a certificate of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the Party published in the journal Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

The operation was as follows. Since 1941, a “false zakordon” organized by the NKVD officers for the Khabarovsk Territory (head of department, commissioner of the State Security Service of the 2nd rank S. A. Goglidze) has been operating 50 kilometers from Khabarovsk near the Manchurian border. Chekists recruited local residents suspected of espionage at the Soviet border outpost and allegedly “transported” them across the “border” for intelligence work. People ended up at the "Manchurian border police post" and from there - to the "district Japanese military mission." There, “white emigrants” in the form of the Japanese gendarmerie (in fact, former employees of the UNKVD of the Khabarovsk Territory, previously convicted of violating socialist law for various terms of imprisonment), tortured suspects, knocking out of them confessions of work for the NKVD. The Japanese Tamito, a former intelligence agent of the Kwantung Army, who was arrested by Soviet border guards in 1937 and sentenced to death in 1940 (replaced by 10 years in prison) acted as the head of the “district Japanese military mission”. The CCP officers who investigated the case in the late 50s defined this situation as follows: "... being convicted by a Soviet court for Japanese espionage, he was sent to a false cordon, where he interrogated Soviet citizens."

As a result, after being tortured, some "spies" agreed to cooperate with the "Japanese", after which they were transported to Soviet territory, where they were arrested as "Japanese spies". "False zakordon" lasted until the end of 1949. Many of the 148 people who visited there were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment (several people were shot).

According to the materials of the CPC investigation, Fedotov was later recognized as perhaps the main culprit. From the resolution of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the case of the False Cordon: “Fedotov ... personally supervised the work of the Mill, reported on it to Beria and Merkulov, carried out their instructions on the use of LZ in relation to a number of Soviet citizens. All correspondence and reports of the Khabarovsk Directorate of the NKVD with the Center on the work of the "Mill" were addressed only to Fedotov, bypassing the office. Not a single event related to the use of "LZ" was carried out without his sanction. Fedotov personally insisted to the former leadership of the NKVD of the USSR on the application of execution to a number of innocent Soviet citizens.

The testimony of Colonel Grigory Mairanovsky, arrested in 1951, a former employee of the laboratory of the department of operational equipment of the USSR Ministry of State Security, has a similar character:

“During 1941-1943. I developed the problem of revealing "frankness" in persons under investigation (note that he prefers not to mention unsuccessfully completed research - Auth.). The implementation of this development was based on the theory of physiology by I.P. Pavlov about the essence of the processes of thinking occurring in the central nervous system(of the brain), namely, the processes of excitation, inhibition, which in a healthy organism are mutually (dialectically) balanced.

Proceeding from this, I used a number of drugs that act either on inhibitory activity or on the region of excitation of the cerebral cortex, with suppression and predominance now in one, then in the other side of the processes.

This work was then the People's Commissar for State Security V.N. Merkulov was entrusted for verification to the former head of the 2nd Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of State Security P.V. Fedotov. The proposed method was carried out with my participation on a number of persons under investigation.

In March 1946, after the transformation of the people's commissariats into ministries, General Fedotov was approved by the head of the 2nd Directorate (since May of the same year - the 2nd Main Directorate) of the MGB, but already on September 7, 1946, he was relieved of this post. On the same day, he was appointed deputy minister and (concurrently) head of the PGU (foreign intelligence) of the USSR Ministry of State Security (he used the pseudonym "Arnoldov" in operational correspondence with the residencies).

After the unification of foreign and military intelligence, on May 30, 1947, Fedotov became deputy chairman of the Information Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, at the same time from June 25 of the same year - chairman of the Bureau for Entry and Exit from the USSR under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

The Information Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Committee No. 4) was created by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1789-470ss of May 30, 1947. The new structure included: the First Main Directorate of the MGB, the GRU of the General Staff of the Ministry of the Armed Forces, as well as intelligence and information structures of the Central Committee VKP(b), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministries foreign trade. The personnel of all these services were consolidated into a single apparatus, located near VDNH in the buildings where the Executive Committee of the Comintern once worked.

The first chairman of the CI was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR V.M. Molotov; However, since Molotov was not a professional intelligence officer, the immediate head of the CI was his first deputy (from May 30, 1947 to August 24, 1949), Lieutenant General Pyotr Vasilyevich Fedotov. Rear Admiral Konstantin Konstantinovich Rodionov and Colonel General Fyodor Fedotovich Kuznetsov were the first vice-chairmen in the line of military intelligence.

The vice chairmen were different time Chekists-intelligence officers: Major General Pavel Mikhailovich Zhuravlev, Colonel Sergei Mikhailovich Fedoseev, Colonel Alexander Mikhailovich Korotkov, Colonel Andrei Ivanovich Raina, Major General Vasily Mikhailovich Zarubin, military intelligence officer Lieutenant General Leonty Vasilyevich Onyanov.

The structure of CI included the following operational departments:
1st department - Anglo-American;
2nd management - European;
3rd department - Near and Far East;
4th department - illegal intelligence;
5th department - scientific and technical intelligence;
7th management - encryption;

Office of Advisers in People's Democracies.

In addition to the departments, CI had two independent areas: "EM" (emigration) and "SK" (Soviet colonies abroad), and six functional departments (operational equipment, communications, etc.).

To manage intelligence apparatus abroad, the so-called Institute of Chief Residents was introduced in CI, to which, as a rule, ambassadors or envoys were appointed. The first such Chief Resident was a former employee of the INO NKVD Alexander Semenovich Panyushkin. From November 1947 to June 1952, he was Ambassador to the United States, being at the same time the Chief Resident of Foreign Intelligence in this country. But if Panyushkin, as a professional, corresponded to the new position, then many other ambassadors were simply incompetent in intelligence work. As a result, residents of foreign and military intelligence resorted to numerous tricks in order not to inform the ambassadors about the work they were doing. In addition, the creation of CI increased the flow of bureaucratic paperwork, which made the decision-making process more difficult. Thus, CI turned out to be a very inefficient structure.

Of course, such a situation did not suit the General Staff, which asserted that military intelligence was assigned a subordinate position in the CI. As a result, at the end of 1948, the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR N.A. Bulganin after lengthy disputes with V.M. Molotov managed to return military intelligence to the General Staff.

In the same 1948, the Office of Advisors in People's Democracies and the EM and SK services were transferred to the MGB. Based on them, on October 17, 1949, by order of the MGB of the USSR No. 00333, the 1st Directorate of the MGB was created, which was entrusted with the tasks of managing foreign counterintelligence. The main of these tasks were:
- counterintelligence support of Soviet colonies;
- detection and suppression of the subversive activities of the counterintelligence agencies of the capitalist countries and emigrant centers directed against the USSR.

On October 17, 1949, Georgy Valentinovich Utekhin was appointed head of the 1st Directorate, who was replaced on January 4, 1951 by Sergey Nikolayevich Kartashov. To fulfill the tasks assigned to it, the 1st Directorate had its own residencies in Soviet missions abroad.

As for the CI, in February 1949 its status was changed - it was transferred from the Council of Ministers of the USSR to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. According to the order, “The Information Committee does not become part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs either administratively, financially or organizationally, remaining an independent institution. The Information Committee is a secret organization and is financed from special funds of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Political, economic, scientific and technical intelligence remained under the jurisdiction of the CI. After the departure of V. Molotov from the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs on March 4, 1949, his successor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs A. Ya. Vyshinsky became the new chairman of the CI, and he was replaced by First Deputy Minister V. A. Zorin. As with V. Molotov, practical guide The work of the CI was carried out by the first deputy of A. Vyshinsky, Lieutenant General Sergei Romanovich Savchenko34 (from August 24, 1949 to November 2, 1951). The structure of the Information Committee under the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs included:
1st Directorate (Anglo-American) - Colonels K.M. Kukin, A.I. Raina;
2nd Directorate (European) - Colonel I. I. Agayants;
3rd Directorate (Middle and Far East) - Colonel A.M. Otroshchenko;
4th Directorate (illegal intelligence) - Colonel A.M. Korotkov, A.A. Krokhin;
5th directorate (intelligence information);
Scientific and Technical Department - Colonel L.R. Kvasnikov;
Department "D" - Colonel A.G. Graur;
Department of cipher communication;
Department of radio communications;
Department of operational equipment;
Security department of Soviet colonies.

But the days of the CI as a foreign intelligence agency were numbered. On November 2, 1951, in order to avoid unnecessary parallelism, the foreign apparatuses of the KI and the 1st Directorate of the MGB were merged. The so-called “small” Information Committee under the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs that remained after that existed until 1958, when, having lost the functions of a special service, it was transformed into the Foreign Policy Information Department (no longer “at”, but within the structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Part of the functions of the CI was transferred to the Information Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (which existed until 1959, its head was Georgy Maksimovich Pushkin). However, disinformation remained under the jurisdiction of the CI (the 2nd Service, or Service "D", at the PSU, the department of disinformation was formed in January 1959, headed by I.I. Agayants).

Fedotov, demoted, remained deputy chairman of the CI until 1952, concurrently from May 1949 a member of the Commission for Traveling Abroad under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

Fedotov's official activity received the following ratings (from the certification of 1951):

“... He made a lot of efforts in strengthening the foreign intelligence apparatus, in particular in selecting and replenishing it with relevant workers, as well as in working out practical tasks for organizing intelligence work in each individual country. He carried out a number of activities aimed at strengthening the central office and improving its work.”

In February 1952, the Information Committee was abolished, and Fedotov, who was relieved of all posts on February 6, 1952, removed from the staff and sent at the disposal of the Criminal Code of the USSR Ministry of State Security, had to wait a year for a new appointment.

Stalin's death caused great changes, including in the state security agencies. Already on March 5, at a joint meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, it was decided to merge the MGB and the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs into a single department headed by Beria. On March 11, 1953, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the first deputy ministers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were appointed. They were: a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, former Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Colonel General Sergei Nikiforovich Kruglov, candidates for members of the Central Committee of the Party, Colonel General Bogdan Zakharovich Kobulov and Kruglov's former first deputy in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Colonel General Ivan Alexandrovich Serov, deputy for troops, candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU Army General Ivan Ivanovich Maslennikov.

All of these were close associates of Beria (especially Kobulov).

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 002 of March 14, 1953, the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was approved. According to it, the 1st Main Directorate was formed - counterintelligence, headed by P.V. Fedotov; foreign intelligence entered the Ministry of Internal Affairs as the 2nd Main Directorate, Lieutenant General B.C. was appointed its head. Ryasnoy; The 3rd Directorate (military counterintelligence) was headed by Goglidze; Gorlinsky 6th - transport - Major General P.P. Lorent, 7th - outdoor surveillance - Major General M.I. Nikolsky, 9th - government guards - Major General S.F. Kuzmichev, the control inspectorate for checking the execution of the orders of the minister - Lieutenant General L.F. Raikhman, 10th - Office of the Commandant of the Kremlin - Lieutenant General N.K. Spiridonov, trace unit - Lieutenant General L.E. Vlodzimirsky, Department "P" (special settlements) - Colonel V.I. Alidin. 7 special departments were formed: accounting and archival, secret equipment, production of documents, radio counterintelligence, production of opera equipment, perlustration, gokhran. Their chiefs, respectively, were Colonels A.S. Kuznetsov, N.A. Karasev, Lieutenant General S.S. Belchenko, Colonel L.N. Nikitin, Major General V.A. Kravchenko, Lieutenant General A.I. Voronin, Colonel N. Ya. Baulin. Department "M" (mobilization) was headed by Lieutenant General N. I. Yatsenko, and department "C" (special communications) - Colonel P. N. Voronin. The military departments were headed by: border troops - Major General P.I. Zyryanov, internal security - Lieutenant General T.F. Filippov, escort guard - Lieutenant General A.S. Sirotkin, military supply - Major General Ya.F. Gornostaev, military construction - engineer-colonel P.N. Sokolov, Air Defense Services - Lieutenant General I.S. Sheredega. One of the former deputies of Ignatiev, Lieutenant General Stakhanov, became the chief policeman, Major General V.A. Styrov, chief personnel officer - Lieutenant General Obruchnikov, chief fireman - Major General F.P. Petrovsky, chief jailer - Colonel M.V. Kuznetsov. The department for the control and inspection of paramilitary guards was headed by Major General G.P. Dobrynin, KHOZU - Lieutenant General M.I. Zhuravlev. The former GUSS under the Central Committee of the CPSU, which has now become the 8th, encryption, department, returned to Lubyanka from Staraya Square, together with its former head, Colonel I. Savchenko. The Secretariat of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was headed by Lieutenant General S.S. Mamulov, OSO Secretariat - Major General V. V. Ivanov, both old assistants of Beria. In addition to deputies, the Collegium included Fedotov, Ryasnoy, Goglidze, Sazykin, Stakhanov, Obruchnikov, Mamulov. After Beria, who personally supervised the 3rd, 8th, 9th and 10th departments, the investigation unit, the personnel department, the Control Inspectorate, the Secretariats of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the OSO, the second person, the first among the 1st deputies, was Kobulov, who oversaw 1 th and 2nd headquarters, 7th department and the first 6 special departments. The rest of the deputies distributed among themselves the 4th, 5th departments, departments "M", "P", "C", the 7th special department, the Central Archive Department and all economic divisions (Round), the 6th department, the main departments police and fire departments, the local air defense department, the prison department and the control and inspection department of the VOKhR (Serov). Maslennikov was in charge of the troops.

The new minister quickly freed himself from production and economic structures, transferring them to various industrial ministries, and from prisons with camps, giving them to the Ministry of Justice, except for those where "state criminals" were imprisoned. And instead, the previously independent central departments of geodesy and cartography (which, however, were part of the NKVD in the 30-40s) and for the protection of state secrets in the press, in common parlance Glavlit, which, except for the People's Commissariat of Education, did not enter anywhere, were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The actual control of the State Security over censorship has now become formal. The new structures were headed, respectively, by A.N. Baranov and K.K. Omelchenko, Kruglov was entrusted with overseeing the new chapters.

It is worth noting that Generals Raykhman and Kuzmichev were released from prison.

After the death of Stalin and the liquidation of the MGB, counterintelligence in the united Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was concentrated in the 1st Main Directorate. On the initiative of Beria, Lieutenant-General Pyotr Vasilyevich Fedotov became his chief (his secondary appointment is the only case in the history of Russian counterintelligence). F.G., released from arrest in the case of Abakumov, became his deputies. Shubnyakov and E.P. Pitovranov (the latter left for Berlin a month later, appointed head of the representative office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, later the KGB, in the GDR).

On April 29, on the basis of the former Bureau No. 2 of the MGB (intelligence and sabotage), as part of counterintelligence, a Special Task Force was created under the 1st Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, whose tasks included searching for paratroopers abandoned in the USSR. Her boss was Colonel Mikhail Sidorovich Prudnikov, Hero of the Soviet Union. Two weeks later, this new structure was transformed into the 11th department of the same 1st head office.

In June 1953, as part of the operational group of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, headed by the head of the 3rd Directorate (military counterintelligence) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Colonel General S.A. Goglidze also visited the GDR Fedotov35 (this was due to popular unrest, which developed into an armed rebellion).

Despite all the changes associated with the political situation, counterintelligence was engaged in the fight against a real enemy. There were successful operations. Thus, in the fall of 1953, an attempt by members of the US military and naval attaché to collect military information in the Far East was thwarted. In the absence of the Americans, the counterintelligence officers at the hotel where the foreigners were staying exposed the films they had secretly taken. And this was not the only successful operation of the Soviet counterintelligence in that difficult period.

At that time, the CIA and the SIS used the method of mass infiltration of illegal immigrants to collect information about military bases, airfields, military factories, and recruit Soviet citizens who were of operational interest to foreign intelligence.

In Belarus, at the same time, paratroopers were arrested - CIA agents M.P. Artyushevsky, G.A. Kostyuk, T.A. Ostrikov, and M.S. Kalnitsky. In April 1953, M.P. was arrested in the Krasnodar Territory. Kudryavtsev, amnestied for his assistance to the investigation.

On April 27, 1953, in Ukraine, in the area of ​​Belaya Tserkov, two paratroopers were caught - V. Vasilchenko (aka A. Lakhno) and L. Matkovsky (aka A. Makov). Both turned out to be members of the NTS. According to their testimonies, two more NTS-sheep were detained - “John” (S. Gorbunov) and “Dick” (Sergey Remiga). They found weapons, poisons, walkie-talkies, leaflets, counterfeit money. Collaborating with the Germans during the occupation, these agents were also recruited in Germany in displaced persons camps and dropped from a plane that took off from Athens. They were sentenced to be shot.

In the same year, members of the NTS - K. Khmelnitsky, N. Yakuta and Novikov - were thrown into Belarus from a base in the FRG, who voluntarily turned themselves in and were pardoned.

After the reorganization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the formation of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, counterintelligence was renamed the 2nd Main Directorate of the KGB (VGU). Until April 1956, it was headed by P.V. Fedotov, who was a member of the KGB (as the Collegium was called until 1959). Fedotov was able to avoid reprisals on charges of being close to Beria, perhaps thanks to good relations with Molotov (as the first biographers of the general believe).36

His career ended in 1956. In April, he was removed from his post, in May he was appointed to the post of deputy head and editor-in-chief of the Editorial and Publishing Department of the Higher School of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. For some time, Fedotov was covered by the chairman of the KGB, Serov, who was friendly with him. After his transfer to the GRU, Fedotov was relieved of his post on February 27, 1959, and on March 22 he was transferred to the reserve of the Soviet Army under Art. 59 "D" (service non-compliance).

Already on May 23 of the same year, “for gross violations of the law during the period of mass repressions,” by a decree of the Council of Ministers, Fedotov was deprived of the rank of general. On January 6, 1960, by decision of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the CPSU, he was expelled from the party. He was remembered for his participation in the repressions of the 1930s and 1950s, including a trip to Armenia in 1937 and the False Cordon.

Pyotr Vasilyevich Fedotov died in Moscow on September 29, 1963. He was buried at the Pyatnitsky cemetery.

Intelligence of Sudoplatov. Off-front sabotage work of the NKVD-NKGB in 1941-1945. Kolpakidi Alexander Ivanovich

Chapter 1. From the Special Group of the NKVD to the Fourth Directorate of the NKGB

According to the Order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 00882 of July 5, 1941, a Special Group was created. She reported directly to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. Although few knew about the existence of this unit in the central apparatus of state security. They created it, but they “forgot” to include it in the regular structure of the NKVD of the USSR. More on this paradox below.

The special group was headed by Senior Major of State Security Pavel Sudoplatov, and by the same order, Deputy Head of the First Directorate (Foreign Intelligence) of the NKVD of the USSR Naum Eitingon and Deputy Head of the 2nd (Far Eastern) Department of the First Directorate of the NKVD Senior Major of State Security Nikolai Melnikov were appointed his deputies.

The main tasks of the Special Group:

Development and conduct of reconnaissance and sabotage operations against Nazi Germany and its satellites;

Organization of underground and guerrilla warfare;

Creation of illegal intelligence networks in the occupied territory;

Management of special radio games with German intelligence in order to misinform the enemy.

The last task was never completed. The only radio game that was conducted by the employees of the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB was the so-called. operation "Monastery" - "Berezino". It is described in sufficient detail in numerous publications, so we will not dwell on this issue.

Little known fact. When on July 20, 1941, the NKVD and the NKGB were merged into a single people's commissariat - the NKVD, Lavrenty Beria on July 30, 1941 prepared a document entitled "The structure of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs USSR". It outlined in detail the structure of the new department. A place was found for all units, except for the Special Group. There were no hints of the existence of this unit in the Order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 00983 of July 31, 1941, which describes the structure of the central apparatus of the NKVD of the USSR. This document only indicates the existence, on the rights of the administrative and operational management, of the Headquarters of the NKVD destruction battalions. And the Special Group, as an independent department, took its “official” place in the structure of the central apparatus of the NKVD only on October 3, 1941.

Birth of the Fourth Departments in the regions

By order of the NKVD of the USSR dated August 25 (according to other sources, August 26), 1941, the operational groups of local state security agencies, designed to resist enemy paratroopers and saboteurs, were transformed into the Fourth Departments of the NKVD Directorates of the front-line republics, territories and regions, operationally subordinate to the Special group under the NKVD of the USSR.

On the same day, August 26, 1941, by order of the People's Commissariat, the procedure for interaction with the Special Group of operational, technical and military units and formations of state security and internal affairs agencies was determined. To this it should be added that the Second Department of the NKVD of the USSR was the only division of the central apparatus that was not evacuated from Moscow to Kuibyshev in October 1941.

At the end of August 1941, the specific combat missions assigned to the Special Group by the Supreme Command and the leadership of the NKVD of the USSR were finally determined. In the field of intelligence activities, it was ordered to focus on collecting and transferring intelligence about the enemy to the command of the Red Army through the NKVD:

Location, strength and armament of its military formations and units;

Locations of headquarters, airfields, warehouses and bases with weapons, ammunition and fuel and lubricants;

Construction of defensive structures;

The regime of political and economic measures of the German command and the occupation administration.

In the field of sabotage activities, it is necessary to achieve:

Railway and road transport, disruption of regular transportation behind enemy lines;

Disabling military and industrial facilities, headquarters, warehouses and bases of weapons, ammunition, fuel and lubricants, food and other property;

Destruction of communication lines on railways, highways and dirt roads, communication centers and power plants in cities and other facilities.

In the field of counterintelligence work (together with the special departments of the Red Army) it was necessary:

Establish the locations of the reconnaissance, sabotage and punitive organs of the German special services, agent training schools, their structure, strength, agent training systems, ways of their penetration into units and formations of the Red Army, partisan detachments and the Soviet rear;

Identify enemy agents who are ready to be thrown or have already been transferred across the front line, as well as those left in the rear of the Soviet troops after the retreat of the German army;

Identify ways of communication between enemy agents and his intelligence centers;

Carry out systematic measures to decompose units formed from Red Army soldiers who voluntarily went over to the side of the enemy, prisoners of war and forcibly mobilized residents of the occupied territories;

Protect partisan detachments from the penetration of enemy agents, carry out the elimination of the most dangerous accomplices of the enemy and, if possible, representatives of the occupation administration responsible for the punitive actions of the fascist authorities and the military command in relation to the partisans and the local population.

The second department of the NKVD of the USSR

Due to the expansion of the scope of work on the organization partisan movement on the territory occupied by the enemy, on October 3, 1941, according to the Order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 001435 “On the organization of the 2nd department of the NKVD of the USSR”, the Special Group was reorganized into an independent department of the NKVD. At the same time, the Fourth departments of regional departments remained in operational subordination to him.

It is noteworthy that a special status was retained new structure- she reported directly to Lavrenty Beria. Pavel Sudoplatov and one of his deputies, Nikolai Melnikov, also remained at their post. But another deputy, Naum Eitingon, went on a business trip to Turkey. Together with his colleagues Georgy Mordvinov and Ivan Vinarov, he was supposed to organize the assassination of the German ambassador Franz von Papen in Ankara. The place of the former Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Georgia, State Security Major Varlaam Kakuchaya, who left on a special business trip, took the place.

The second department of the NKVD of the USSR consisted of sixteen departments, of which fourteen were operational regional departments. Their task was to organize reconnaissance and sabotage work abroad in the regions directly adjacent to the theater of operations, as well as in areas of a possible enemy attack (Japan, Turkey, etc.).

To optimize and coordinate the activities of the territorial Fourth directorates and departments, on November 10, 1941, a front-line department was created as part of the Second Department of the NKVD of the USSR.

The main tasks of the Second Department of the NKVD of the USSR and the Fourth Directorates and departments of the republican and regional divisions of the NKVD subordinate to it:

Formation in large settlements captured by the enemy, illegal residencies and ensuring reliable communication with them;

Restoration of contacts with the valuable trusted agents of the state security agencies that remained on the temporarily occupied Soviet territory;

The introduction of verified agents into anti-Soviet organizations, intelligence, counterintelligence, administrative bodies created by the enemy in the occupied territory;

Selection and transfer of qualified agents of the state security organs to the territory occupied by the enemy in order to further penetrate into the Reich and other European countries;

Deployment of route agents with reconnaissance and special tasks to areas occupied by the enemy;

Preparation and transfer of reconnaissance and sabotage groups behind enemy lines and ensuring reliable communication with them;

Organization in areas under the threat of enemy invasion, residencies from among the faithful and verified in the operational work of persons;

Provision of reconnaissance and sabotage groups, single agents, special couriers and route agents with weapons, communications equipment and relevant documents.

Separately, it should be noted that the employees of the Second Department prepared teaching aids for scouts and saboteurs. For example, the instruction "on the manufacture of incendiary means", as study guide when training the subversive business of members of 125 "combat sabotage groups", who were to fight the enemy in the Stalingrad region and in the city itself.

Fourth Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR

By order of the NKVD of the USSR dated January 18, 1942 No. 00145, in connection with the expansion of activities to organize partisan detachments and sabotage groups behind enemy lines, the Second Department of the NKVD of the USSR was transformed into the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR. The structure, staffing and deployment of personnel were announced by the same order. The position and deployment of personnel were announced by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 001124 dated June 01, 1942.

Pavel Sudoplatov was appointed head of the Fourth Directorate, Nikolai Melnikov (held this post from January 18, 1942 to March 6, 1943), Varlaam Kakuchaya (January 18, 1942 to May 7, 1943), and from August 20, 1942 to 14 May 1943 - returned from a foreign business trip Naum Eitingon.

At the initiative of Lavrenty Beria, their own Fourth Directorates were created as part of the People's Commissariats of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and Belarus. Attention should be paid to the fact that the Fourth departments of the NKVD of the territories and regions formed earlier were reassigned to the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR and the corresponding departments of the People's Commissariats of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR and BSSR.

A little-known historical curiosity. "The Fourth Main (Special Directorate) of the NKGB of the USSR" was planned to be created yet ... in May-June 1941. The main task of this structure was to be "improving the service of the most important People's Commissariats (the aviation industry, ammunition, weapons and power plants. - Note. ed.) of defense importance, and strengthening the fight against espionage, sabotage, wrecking and terrorist activities of foreign intelligence services at the facilities of enterprises of these People's Commissariats.

The corresponding Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On Changing the Structure of the People's Commissariat for State Security" (in addition to the creation of the Fourth Directorate, it was planned to rename the three Directorates of the NKGB of the USSR (intelligence, counterintelligence and secret political) into the Main Directorates of the NKGB of the USSR) remained a project and was not approved by Joseph Stalin.

The Fourth Departments, created in 1942, were entrusted with the task of forming illegal residencies in large settlements in the occupied territories. They were in charge of the introduction of agents into the occupying military and administrative bodies, the preparation and transfer of reconnaissance and sabotage groups to the rear of the German troops, the organization of residencies in areas under the threat of capture, the provision of groups and agents with weapons, communications equipment and documents.

The fourth departments were also engaged in the interrogation of prisoners and defectors. The information received about the intelligence agencies of the German special services and anti-Soviet activities in the occupied territory was transmitted to the counterintelligence and secret political departments.

After the NKGB was re-established in May 1943, the Fourth Directorate was reassigned to the People's Commissar of State Security.

By order of the NKGB of the USSR No. 005 of May 14, 1943, the structure, staffing and deployment of personnel were announced. Changes in the states were announced by orders of the NKGB of the USSR No. 00279 of October 09, 1943, No. 00307 of October 26, 1943, No. 00381 of December 30, 1943, No. 004 of January 4, 1944 and No. 00363 of August 21, 1945.

Concluding the story about administrative reforms, it is necessary to give the structure of the central apparatus of the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR. She looked like this:

Management

Secretariat– Bondarenko N. G. 18.01.42–14.05.43

financial group

1st department (foreign: Europe, America, Far East, Middle East, work with prisoners of war and internees)– Melnikov N.D. 18.01.42–06.03.43

1st branch (European);

2nd branch (Africa, Far East);

3rd branch (Middle East, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Arab countries, Central Asia, Transcaucasia);

4th department - work on prisoners of war and internees).

2nd Division (territories of the USSR occupied and threatened by the enemy)– Drozdov V. A. 18.01.42–01.06.42

1st branch (Moscow and Moscow region);

2nd branch (Ukrainian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Crimean ASSR);

3rd branch (BSSR);

4th department (regions of the RSFSR, Karelian-Finnish SSR);

5th branch (Lithuania);

6th division (Latvia);

7th division (Estonia);

8th department (recruitment of special agents from the s / c camps);

9th (information and accounting) department

3rd department (explosives, explosives training)– Osipov V.P. 18.01.42–05.04.42

1st department (technical training);

2nd branch (operational);

3rd department (material and technical supply);

1st and 2nd squads of explosives.

4th department (development of means of terror and sabotage)– Filimonov M.P. 18.01.42–01.06.42

1st branch ("D");

2nd branch ("TN");

3rd department (training);

4th department (material and technical).

Separate company of sappers

Headquarters of fighter battalions and partisan detachments

1st branch (fighter battalions);

2nd branch (partisan detachments).

The total number of the central apparatus of the Fourth Directorate is 113 people.

Management

Secretariat - Bondarenko N. G. 18.01.42–14.05.43

1st department (occupied territories of the BSSR, Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Karelian-Finnish SSR, Leningrad, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk regions)– Melnikov N. D. 18.01.42–06.03.43

2nd department (Transcaucasia, Far East, Moscow, Smolensk, Tula and Kalinin regions)– Kakuchaya V. A. 01.06.42–07.05.43

3rd department (Ukrainian SSR, MSSR, Krasnodar Territory, Kursk, Oryol, Rostov and Voronezh regions)– Drozdov V. A. 01.06.42–24.04.43

4th department (explosive business, training of explosives)– Orlov M. F. 06.02.43–14.05.43

5th department (development of means of terror and sabotage)– Filimonov M. P. 01.06.42–14.05.43

Information and accounting department– Komarov M. I. 01.06.42–14.05.43

The structure of the Fourth Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR in 1943

Supervisor– Sudoplatov P. A. 14.05.43–15.10.46

Deputy early 4th Directorate - Eitingon N.I. 05/14/43–10/15/46

Secretariat - Bondarenko N. G. 14.05.43–01.10.43; Bocharov G. V. 01.10.43–01.07.45

1st department (occupied territories of the RSFSR, Karelian-Finnish SSR, Russian fascist formations)– vacancy 14.05.43–21.08.43; Sharok G. F. 08/21/43–10/09/43

2nd department (occupied territories of the BSSR and the Baltic states)

3rd department (occupied territory of the Ukrainian SSR and Ukrainian national formations)– Stashko L. I. 14.05.43–12.07.44

4th department (occupied territories of Crimea, North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the fight against fascist formations among the Asian peoples and anti-Soviet formations among the Muslim clergy in the occupied territory)– Gukasov A. S. 05/14/43–07/12/44

5th department (

– vacancy 14.05.43 -?

– Fedichkin D. G. 05/14/43–08/01/43

The structure of the Fourth Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR in 1944

Supervisor– Sudoplatov P. A.

Deputy head of department 4– Eitingon N. I. 14.05.43–15.10.46

Secretariat– Bocharov G. V. 01.10.43–01.07.45; Bocharov G. V. 01.09.45–01.11.45

1st department (Ukrainian SSR, BSSR, Baltic states, eastern formations)– Gukasov A. S. 12.07.44–02.02.45

2nd department (reconnaissance and sabotage work in Germany)– Maklyarsky I. B. 14.05.43–14.05.45

3rd department (reconnaissance, sabotage work and performance of special missions in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)– Stashko L.I. 05/14/43–07/12/44; Maklyarsky I. B. 12.07.44–14.05.45; Maklyarsky I. B. 15.09.45–09.10.46

4th department (reconnaissance, sabotage work and performance of special missions in Finland, Romania, Hungary and Austria)– Gukasov A.S. 05/14/43–07/12/44; Stashko L.I. 12.07.44–01.07.45; Stashko L. I. 01.09.45–09.10.46

5th department (department of special training and communications, parachute service, radio communications and training of radio operators, training of agents in the use of special equipment, laboratories for the production and testing of poisons and toxins) – Filimonov M.P. 05/14/43–10/09/46

6th department (special events: mining, development of sabotage equipment, logistics)– Orlov M.F. 05/14/43–10/09/46

7th department (operational: surveillance and installation, searches and arrests, investigation, production of documents and holding "letter events")– vacancy 14.05.43 -?

8th department (accounting and information)– Fedichkin D. G. 05/14/43–08/01/43.

Who led the work behind the front

On November 6, 1943, People's Commissar of State Security Vsevolod Merkulov sent a memorandum to the State Defense Committee and the NKVD of the USSR "on the results of the sabotage and combat activities of the operational-Chekist groups behind enemy lines in October 1943."

In it, he reported on the amount of damage that "124 operational groups of the NKGB of the USSR with a total number of up to 5800 people" inflicted on the enemy in October 1943. In particular, it was “derailed enemy echelons with manpower, equipment and weapons - 88; derailed armored trains - 1; steam locomotives destroyed and damaged - 161; broken wagons, platforms and fuel tanks - 962; destroyed cars - 98; tanks destroyed - 5; aircraft shot down - 2; blown up various enterprises of local industry (sawmills, other factories, mills, etc.) - 8; various warehouses destroyed - 6; railway bridges blown up - 6; blown up highway bridges - 13; destroyed telegraph and telephone communications - 15,350 m; railway rails were blown up - 1744 pcs. Over 4,400 soldiers, officers and policemen were killed and wounded in train crashes and in combat clashes with the enemy. The note also contained information about the number of special groups that were subordinate to the Fourth Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR, the Fourth Departments of the NKGB of Belarus and Ukraine, as well as the Fourth Departments of the regional and regional UNKGB.

According to the text of the document, in October 1943, the following operated behind enemy lines: “operational groups of the NKGB of the USSR - 43, operational groups of the NKGB of the Byelorussian SSR - 55, operational groups of the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR - 4, operational groups of various UNKGBs - 22 ". At the same time, "sabotage and combat activities of the operational groups of the NKGB of the USSR were carried out mainly in the occupied territory of the Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSR."

When the war ended

On May 7, 1945, People's Commissar of State Security Vsevolod Merkulov sent a special message to Joseph Stalin: “By the decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of April 14, 1943, the 4th Directorate was created in the NKGB system for special work behind enemy lines in the temporarily occupied territory .

In connection with the liberation of the territory of the USSR from the occupiers, the NKGB considers it expedient to abolish the 4th Directorate, and turn its personnel to staff the organs of the NKGB.

Presenting at the same time a draft resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, I ask for your decision.

The attached document was concise:

"Top secret

Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated "" 1945

In a partial change to the Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of April 14, 1943, abolish the 4th Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR for special work behind enemy lines as having exhausted its functions.

Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b)

I. STALIN.

In mid-May 1945, at the direction of the leadership of the NKGB, the Fourth Department "began to curtail its operational work", by May 1946 most of the department's employees were transferred to staff other departments; in exercise 4 The MGB was completely preserved, and only the 5th department (laboratories) and the 7th department continued to work. The fourth department of the NKGB was abolished on October 15, 1946 by order of the USSR Ministry of State Security No. 00447 of October 9, 1946.

author Tkachenko Sergey

Forces of the NKVD and the NKGB An integral part of the repressive and punitive system of Soviet society was the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), created on November 8, 1917. It had many tasks and activities. In the period 1939–41, as well as after 1944 in Western Ukraine

From the book Marshals of Stalin author Rubtsov Yury Viktorovich

L.P. Beria: "NKVD-NKGB EMPLOYEES HAVE DONE SIGNIFICANT WORK" L.P. Beria was the only statesman in the USSR who had both the highest military rank - Marshal of the Soviet Union, and a special title - General Commissar of State Security,

From the book Intelligence began with them author Antonov Vladimir Sergeevich

Appendix 3. LIST of special ranks of the commanding staff of the NKVD - NKGB of the USSR and their correspondence to the military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army (1935-1945) of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR ... ... Red Army State Security Sergeant ... ... Lieutenant Junior Lieutenant

From the book Unknown Yakovlev ["Iron" aircraft designer] author Yakubovich Nikolay Vasilievich

Chapter 18 The Fourth Generation Fighter The first proposal for a fourth generation fighter, as noted above, was made in 1970. Since this was an initiative work, and there were no Air Force requirements for such an aircraft, we had to

From the book Volkodav Stalin [The True Story of Pavel Sudoplatov] author Sever Alexander

From the Special Group to the Second Department In connection with the expansion of the scope of work, the Special Group on October 3, 1941, according to the Order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 001435 “On the organization of the 2nd department of the NKVD of the USSR”, was reorganized into an independent department of the NKVD of the USSR. At the same time, under the operational control of

From the book Intelligence Sudoplatov. Off-front sabotage work of the NKVD-NKGB in 1941-1945. author Kolpakidi Alexander Ivanovich

The birth of the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB By order of the NKVD of the USSR dated January 18, 1942, in connection with the expansion of activities to organize partisan detachments and sabotage groups behind enemy lines, the Second Department of the NKVD of the USSR was transformed into the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR. His

From the book Heads of Soviet Foreign Intelligence author Antonov Vladimir Sergeevich

Biographies of the heads of the Fourth departments of the regional departments of the NKVD-NKGB ALENCEV Viktor Terentyevich - head of the 4th department of the UNKVD in the Kursk region. Born in 1904. From April 1939 - deputy head of the UNKVD in the Kursk region.

From the book Essays on the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence. Volume 3 author Primakov Evgeny Maksimovich

Special groups and special detachments of the NKVD-NKGB operating in the occupied territory of Russia "Aurora" - reconnaissance group. Commander: Gaydin S. E. Number: five people. It was withdrawn from the front line on July 29, 1943 (landed from an aircraft in the Sheltozersky district of Karelia). Task :

From the book Operation Prophet author Atamanenko Igor Grigorievich

Chapter 19. Directorate of sabotage of the NKVD-NKGB of Belarus

From the author's book

List of special groups and special detachments of the NKVD-NKGB operating in Europe

From the author's book

D. V. Vedeneev "The Fifth Ukrainian Front": behind-the-front reconnaissance and sabotage activities of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR

From the author's book

Chapter 2 Organization of the activities of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB of Ukraine In April 1942, the 4th Department of the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR was reorganized into the 4th Directorate (from October 5, 1943 until the end of the war it was headed by State Security Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Danilovich Sidorov). departments

From the author's book

Chapter 8 Out-of-front groups of the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR in the countries of Eastern Europe

From the author's book

Appendix 4

From the author's book

No. 7 FROM THE MESSAGE OF THE USSR NKGB To the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the NKO of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR dated March 6, 1941 Message from Berlin According to information received from an official of the Committee on the Four-Year Plan, several members of the committee received an urgent task to make calculations of raw material reserves and

From the author's book

Chapter seven. "Package" of special importance In the late 1960s, Soviet intelligence learned from foreign agents that a certain set of secret documents, conventionally called "PACKAGE", had been received on board merchant ships belonging to member countries of the NATO bloc. His appearance

On July 10, 1934, by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs - the NKVD of the USSR was formed, within which the Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB) was created. The main functions of the OGPU were transferred to this department.
The foreign department became the 5th department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR.

Management

	Artuzov A.Kh. - 07/10/1934 - 03/27/1935
	Slutsky A.A. - 05/21/1935 - 02/17/1938
	Passov Z.I. - 03/28/1938 - 10/22/1938
	Shpigelglas S.M. — 1939
	Dekanozov V.G. - 12/02/1938 - 05/13/1939
	Fitin P.M. - 05/13/1939 - 1946

Tasks of the Foreign Department (Department 5 of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR)

The tasks of the Foreign Department were defined by the government as follows:
- revealing conspiracies directed against the USSR and the activities of foreign states, their intelligence services and general staffs, as well as anti-Soviet political organizations;
- exposure of sabotage, terrorist and espionage activities on the territory of the USSR by foreign intelligence agencies, white emigre centers and other organizations;
- management of the activities of overseas residencies;
- control over the work of the visa bureau, the entry of foreigners abroad, management of work on the registration and registration of foreigners in the USSR. It was a state normative act that gave the right to the 5th department of the GUGB, that is, foreign intelligence, to conduct undercover work in foreign countries in order to obtain information on security issues of the Soviet state.
In 1938, the leadership of the USSR once again returned to the issue of improving intelligence activities abroad. The work of the 5th department of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR was subjected to a thorough and comprehensive analysis, proposals for its improvement were considered in such a way, it was said in the adopted document, “so that the department could launch extensive intelligence work abroad through political, scientific and technical intelligence, identify intrigues foreign intelligence services and white émigré centers on the territory of the Soviet Union.
Thus, the main directions of activity of foreign intelligence were preserved: political, scientific and technical, and foreign counterintelligence.

Staff and structure of the 5th department of the GUGB NKVD of the USSR

The staff of the department was approved in the amount of 210 people, 13 divisions were created in its structure, 7 of which were engaged in the management of foreign residencies on a geographical basis.
Other units performed a variety of functions necessary for conducting intelligence work. They, among other things, carried out the management of scientific and technical intelligence, work on Russian emigration, the "development" of Trotskyist and right-wing organizations, operational records, and much more. The 5th department, although small in number, thus acquired, on the eve of the war, a rather extensive structure aimed at working on a large scale.
In mid-1940, 695 people worked in its central office. By 1941, thanks to the selfless work of employees, Soviet foreign intelligence was able to restore an efficient intelligence apparatus in Germany, Italy, England, France, the USA, and China. The largest residencies were in the USA - 18 people, Finland - 17 people, Germany - 13 people. In total, by this time, foreign intelligence had 40 residencies. 242 intelligence officers worked in them, who had a total of about 600 different sources of information in touch.

Financing of the 5th department of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR

The archive of the SVR has preserved the financial statistics of the OGPU and foreign intelligence for 1930. INO then received 300 thousand rubles for its maintenance and foreign operations.
On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the budget of Soviet foreign intelligence for the first time reached the figure of 1 million rubles.

Period of repression

By 1938, almost all illegal residencies were liquidated, contacts with the most valuable sources of information were lost. In the future, it took a lot of effort to restore them.
In a report sent to the leadership of the NKGB on the work of foreign intelligence from 1939 to 1941, intelligence chief P.M. Fitin wrote:
“By the beginning of 1939, as a result of the exposure of the enemy leadership at that time of the Foreign Department, almost all residents abroad were recalled and removed from work. Most of them were then arrested, and the rest were subject to verification.
There was no question of any intelligence work behind the cordon in this position. The task was to create, along with the creation of the apparatus of the Department itself, the apparatus of residencies behind the cordon.
The losses of the composition were so great that in 1938, for 127 days in a row, no information was received at all from foreign intelligence to the country's leadership.

Reorganization

On February 3, 1941, a meeting of the Politburo was held, at which a resolution was adopted on the division of the NKVD of the USSR into two people's commissariats: the NKVD of the USSR and the NKGB of the USSR with the separation of all operational-Chekist units from the NKVD to the NKGB, and in the localities - from the NKVD / UNKVD of the republics, territories and regions in the NKGB/UNKGB.
Intelligence and counterintelligence were now in the structure of the NKGB. As for foreign intelligence (the 5th department of the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR), it was reorganized into the 1st Directorate (intelligence abroad) of the NKGB of the USSR. On February 26, 1941, Pavel Mikhailovich Fitin was appointed head of the department.

Sources of information:

1. Primakov "History of Russian foreign intelligence in 6 volumes" volume 3

Personal dossier (working out of material) for a direct participant killings KARAGODIN Stepan Ivanovich - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich, 3rd department of the Tomsk GO UNKVD for the NSO ZSK of the USSR.

ATTENTION!

GORBENKO IS TAKEN 100% (there is a lot of information),
the entire array of data is available. Processing and publication in progress. The information below is being processed.(on completion this inscription will be removed)

GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd department of the Tomsk GO UNKVD for the NSO ZSK of the USSR, ml. lieutenant of state security of the USSR.

GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich

Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU, party card No. 00974013.

Personal signature:

Available [completed]

Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR. Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR.

Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR.
Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR.
Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR.

Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR. Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR.
Personal signature - GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich - detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO of the USSR.

handwriting sample:

Available [completed]

Photo:

Diploma of the Tomsk Municipal Construction College Anatoly M. Karagodin (native grandson of S.I. KARAGODIN) signed by the director of the technical school Georgy Ivanovich GORBENKO (secret officer of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO USSR, junior lieutenant of state security of the USSR).

Awarded with a saber (while working in the organs). The saber was kept at home, in addition to the saber, there was also a carbine in the house, which stood behind the closet.

DEATH

Burial place Location: Tomsk, cemetery "Tomsk-2"; exact date of burial : August 6, 1972, i.e. at the age of 69; cemetery address : Russia, Tomsk, st. Molodezhnaya, d.2/1; registration of the burial : Data on the fact of burial are registered in the accounting book of the Municipal State Institution of the City of Tomsk "City Cemetery Service""; grave (exact GPS coordinates) : (installed) [there is no burial map in the accounting book, a search expedition is needed ]

Death certificate for the detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD ml. Lieutenant of State Security GORBENKO Gennady Ivanovich. Cause of death: myocardial infarction. [cm. act of transferring a copy of the certificate]

HOME ADDRESS

Home address (for 1938): Tomsk, st. Istochnaya, d. 5, apt. 1. (so in the document).

Additionally, the exact place of residence of GORBENKO in the city of Tomsk before his death in 1972 was established: st. Tatarskaya, d. 5.

The place of residence of the detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD ml. lieutenant of the State Security G. I. GORBENKO until his death in 1972. Tov. Gorbenko occupied the entire second floor.
The place of residence of the detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD ml. lieutenant of the State Security G. I. GORBENKO until his death in 1972. Tov. Gorbenko occupied the entire second floor. Porch (entrance through the left door).

The plan of the apartment of the detective of the 3rd Department of the Tomsk GO NKVD NSO USSR ml. Lieutenant of State Security of the USSR GORBENKO Georgy Ivanovich. Date: for the period of Gorbenko's life in it. Location: Zaistok, Tomsk, Russia.

Currently [as of July 2012] the living space in the GORBENKO house is a communal apartment.

The (not exact, but reliable) location of the personal photo archive of GORBENKO was established [divided into 2 places at least and this is 100%]: 1) in one of the private apartments in the city of Seversk (Tomsk-7); 2) in one of the closed rooms of a rented apartment in the city of Novosibirsk (near the railway station).

Additional information

From the book: "Terror Machine. OGPU-NKVD of Siberia in 1929-1941." A. G. Teplyakov, 2008:

"Sometimes informal relations with an agent served as a pretext for the dismissal of one or another politically compromised Chekist, which, for example, happened to G.I. walked with the agent "Violet", which contributed to the deconspiracy of the agents". As a result, Gorbenko, who was accused of a variety of sins, was fired from the NKVD.; In the 30s, the situation changed radically and the retirees had somewhere to go. For example, when expelled from NKVD terrorist activist in Tomsk G. I. Gorbenko sent a letter of help to the regional committee, declaring that he had no specialty, the answer was to send the 36-year-old Gorbenko to study at the troika institute.

From the book of L. Karokhin "Sergey Yesenin and Nikolai Klyuev". Ryazan: Attorney, 2002. [From the memoirs of Igor Konstantinovich Morozov (about the place of death and burial of N. Klyuev.)]:

"In 1956, Morozov, then a student at the Tomsk Communal Construction College, was on a summer practice and, together with other students, was digging a foundation pit for a new college building. The construction site was next to an abandoned cemetery and a prison. The pit was dug quite deep when one from its walls suddenly collapsed.And this is what Morozov saw:

"The wall of the pit collapsed, and exposed a pile of randomly lying human bodies. The tissues of the faces decayed, cartilage remained. Liquid oozed from the skulls ... Some were wearing winter hats. Clothes decayed and spread easily. The corpses lay in complete disarray, mixed with duffel bags and knots. Visible was the corner of a black lacquered wooden suitcase, I tried to calm the students and asked everyone to move away, stopping work. From the foreman's booth, I called the director of the technical school Gorbenko and told him about the terrible find. He ordered not to touch anything and wait for his arrival. Through a couple of hours the gray "Victory" came, three respectable men got out of it and our director, seeing a black suitcase sticking out among the corpses, ordered to get it. The suitcase contained a randomly crumpled black Cheviot suit, underwear, a book wrapped in oilcloth, a photograph, and two bottles of vodka. were from a neighboring prison, it was quite clear to me, but how a person could smuggle a little book and vodka into prison - it was incomprehensible! .. The book was made of bad yellow paper. Poems by a poet unknown to me. In the photo, bustling, were two men in coats and winter hats, a young one and an old one. Next to the suitcase was a head in a winter hat...

Shocked by everything I saw, I photographically memorized their faces. The management dismissed us to our homes until the issue was resolved and, taking the documents with them, left. We did not work for several days, and when we returned again, everything was clean ...

In 1959, on the first anniversary of graduating from the technical school, I was at a meeting and learned that the director of the technical school, Gorbenko, had been expelled from the party and removed from his job as a former major of the NKVD, a member of the troika. They accused him of the fact that the sentences were drawn up retroactively for people who had already been shot,

In the early 70s, I was lucky enough to buy a three-volume book by S. A. Yesenin, and I saw exactly the same photograph as in the grave. S. Yesenin and N. Klyuev are on it. ""

Order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 00232

on the organization of the 1st special department of the NKVD of the USSR

Moscow city,

Top secret

In addition to the order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 00212 of February 26, 1941 on the reorganization of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR, I order:

1. Organize in the system of the NKVD of the USSR the 1st Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR, in accordance with the attached regulations and states.

2. Head of the 1st Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR to appoint the captain of state security comrade. Gertsovsky A.Ya.

Send the application to the affiliation.

People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR

General Commissioner

state security L. Beria

POSITION

ABOUT THE FIRST SPECIAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NKVD OF THE USSR

Top secret

The First Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR is entrusted with the following tasks:

1. Implementation of a centralized alphabetical and fingerprint recording of criminals arrested by the NKGB, the NKVD, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF, the prosecutor's office and the court, held in prisons, labor camps, colonies, pre-trial detention cells and other places of detention of the NKVD and the NKGB.

Reflection in the centralized alphabetical record of criminals - information about the persons wanted by the authorities, about the persons who passed through the investigative cases of the bodies of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD, about administrative exiles, deportees, special. and labor, settlers.

2. Signaling to the operational departments and peripheral bodies of the NKGB, the NKVD and 3 departments of the NPO, the NKVMF about the materials available and newly entering the centralized accounting system on the persons registered by them.

Identification with the help of fingerprinting and photographs of criminals changing their names and other installation data.

3. Fulfillment of requests from the central party and Soviet bodies, peripheral bodies of the NKVD, the NKGB, the prosecutor's office, the court and other institutions for verification of the centralized record of criminals (in connection with recruitment, undercover development, arrest, special verification, applications for review of cases, according to the permit system, on a criminal record, etc.).

4. Implementation of the decisions of the Special Meeting of the NKVD of the USSR.

5. Compilation of digital information on the number and movement of those arrested, held in places of detention throughout the Soviet Union, on administrative exiles, deportees, special. and labor, settlers.

6. Control:

a) for the legal maintenance of prisoners in prisons, forced labor camps, colonies, penal colonies and their timely release after serving their sentences;

d) for the proper organization of storage and use of archival and investigative files of the police, prosecutor's office and court, concentrated in the Main Archival Administration and its local bodies.

7. Organization of the all-Union search for criminals and other persons hiding from the authorities (single search center).

8. Accounting and sending for consideration applications from convicts held in prisons, forced labor camps and control over their consideration in the NKVD bodies.

Issuance of certificates of convicts to citizens applying to the NKVD of the USSR.

9. Systematization and storage of archival and investigative files and materials of general operational office work of the bodies of the military-industrial complex - the OGPU - the NKVD - the NKGB and 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF. Organization of the operational use of archives by the NKGB, NKVD, prosecutor's office, court and 3 departments of the NPO, NKVMF.

10. Systematization and storage of office work of the NKVD of the USSR on the confiscation of property and living space of convicts; consideration of property claims of citizens to the NKVD of the USSR on issues of confiscation; enforcement of decisions on confiscation in cases of the NKGB of the USSR.

11. Development of organizational and legal issues related to the intelligence and investigative work of the NKVD bodies, the maintenance of prisoners in prisons, labor camps, colonies and penal colonies, and the activities of the Special Conference under the NKVD of the USSR.

12. Development of scientific and technical methods for the registration of criminals and training of personnel of relevant qualifications.

13. Management and control over the registration and registration of criminals in the police, prisons, labor camps, colonies and penal colonies.

In accordance with the tasks set, 15 departments and secretariats of the department are organized in the First Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR:

1st department (central operational and reference file):

a) a centralized alphabetical record of criminals arrested by the NKGB, the NKVD, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF, the prosecutor's office and the court, held in prisons, labor camps, colonies and other places of detention of the NKVD and the NKGB;

b) reflection in the centralized accounting of information about the persons wanted by the authorities, about the persons who passed through the investigative cases of the bodies of the military-industrial complex - the OGPU - the NKVD, about the administratively exiled, deported, special. and labor, settlers;

c) signaling to the operational departments and peripheral bodies of the NKGB, the NKVD and 3 departments of the NCO, the NKVMF about the materials available and newly entering the centralized accounting system on the persons registered by them;

d) issuance of certificates from the centralized accounting for the operational needs of the NKVD and the NKGB.

2nd department (central fingerprint file):

a) centralized fingerprinting of criminals arrested by the NKGB, the NKVD, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF, the prosecutor's office and the court, held in prisons, labor camps, colonies and other places of detention;

b) issuance of certificates on this accounting;

c) identification with the help of fingerprinting and photographs of criminals who change their names and other identification data.

3rd department (operational and reference):

execution of requests from the central party and Soviet bodies, peripheral bodies of the NKVD, the NKGB, the prosecutor's office, the court and other institutions, on the verification of the centralized record of criminals (in connection with recruitment, undercover development, arrest, special verification, according to the permit system, on a criminal record, etc.) .

4th branch (implementation of decisions of the Special Meeting):

a) accounting of investigative cases coming from the bodies of the NKGB, the NKVD, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF for consideration by the Special Meeting of the NKVD of the USSR;

b) execution of documents for the execution of decisions of the Special Meeting;

c) control over the implementation of decisions of the Special Meeting by local bodies of the NKVD.

5th branch (operational statistics):

compilation of digital information on the number and movement of those arrested, held in places of detention throughout the Soviet Union, on administrative exiles, deportees, special. and labor, settlers.

6th department (control):

Control:

a) for the legal maintenance of prisoners in prisons, forced labor camps, colonies, penal colonies and their timely release after serving their sentences;

b) for the timely execution of the rulings of the supreme courts on the early release of prisoners;

c) for the correct organization of intelligence and investigative office work in the NKVD;

d) for the proper organization of the storage and use of archival and investigative files of the militia, prosecutor's office and court, concentrated in the Main Archival Administration and its local bodies;

e) for the timely delivery of convicts from the camps for the operational needs of the NKVD, the NKGB, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF, the prosecutor's office and the court.

7th department (search):

a) organizing an all-Union search for criminals who have escaped court,

investigation, undercover surveillance and those who escaped from places of detention, regardless of the nature, place and time of the crime and escape;

b) the organization of an all-Union search for other persons hiding from the authorities: those who left without permission special. and labor, settlements, hiding from exile, exile, deserters, prisoners of war and others;

c) control over the work of local bodies of the NKVD in the search for criminals.

8th department (accounting for applications):

a) recording and sending for consideration applications from convicts held in prisons, forced labor camps and colonies;

b) control over the consideration of applications in the NKVD bodies;

c) the issuance of certificates of convicts to citizens applying to the NKVD of the USSR.

9th branch (general archive):

a) receiving, recording and distributing by departments of the archive cases and correspondence received by the archive;

b) organization of operational use of archival materials;

c) reading room;

d) restoration laboratory.

10th branch (investigative archive):

a) systematization, storage, operational-thematic and technical processing of investigative files of the bodies of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - NKGB, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF from No. 1 to No. 620.000;

b) issuance of certificates on cases and cases for the operational bodies of the NKGB, the NKVD, 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF, the prosecutor's office and the court;

c) control over the return of cases issued from the archive.

11th branch (investigative archive):

performs the same functions in archival and investigative cases from No. 620001 to the end.

12th branch (special archive):

performs the same functions in relation to especially important and secret cases. 13th branch (archive of general office work):

a) systematization and storage of the guiding directives of the party and government on the operational-Chekist work of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - NKGB and 3 departments of the NPO and the NKVMF;

b) systematization and storage of orders, circulars and instructions of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - NKGB and 3 departments of NPO, NKVMF;

c) systematization and storage of court records of the bodies of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD;

d) systematization and storage of personal files of the former. employees of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - NKGB;

e) systematization and storage of personal files of prisoners, deceased, released and escaped from places of detention;

f) systematization, storage, operational-thematic and technical processing of materials of general operational office work of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - NKGB and 3 departments of the NPO, NKVMF.

14th (accounting for confiscations):

a) systematization and storage of office work of the NKVD of the USSR on the confiscation of property and living space of convicts;

b) consideration of property claims of citizens to the NKVD of the USSR on issues of confiscation;

c) execution of decisions on confiscation in cases of the NKGB of the USSR.

15th department (limited instructor):

a) development of organizational and legal issues related to the intelligence and investigative work of the NKVD bodies, the detention of prisoners in prisons, labor camps, colonies and penal colonies and the activities of the Special Conference under the NKVD of the USSR;

b) development of scientific and technical methods for the registration of criminals and training of workers with appropriate qualifications;

c) leadership and control over the establishment of registration and registration of criminals in the police, prisons, forced labor camps, colonies and penal colonies;

d) inspection of the NKVD bodies, prisons, camps and colonies regarding the registration of criminals and their registration.

Secretariat:

a) receiving, accounting and sending incoming and outgoing correspondence of the department;

b) control over the execution of orders and instructions;

c) performance of typewritten works;

d) serving the economic needs of the department (preparation of accounting forms, supplies for registering criminals, etc.).

The first special department of the NKVD of the USSR is organized on the basis of the centralized accounting apparatus that currently exists separately:

a) in the 1st Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR;

b) in the Main Police Department of the NKVD of the USSR;

c) in the Department of Militia of the mountains. Moscow;

d) in the 2nd department and OTP GULAG of the NKVD of the USSR.

In this regard, the newly organized First Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR should be transferred:

a) from the current 1st Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR - the central operational and reference file, the entire archive, except for the agent archive, the apparatus of the all-Union search, the apparatus for executing decisions of the Special Conference, accounting for applications and office work on confiscations;

b) from the Main Directorate of Militia of the NKVD of the USSR - alphabetical and fingerprint files for centralized registration of criminals;

c) from the Police Department of the mountains. Moscow - a branch of the All-Union fingerprint file of criminals registered before 1935;

d) from the 2nd department of the GULAG of the NKVD of the USSR - a card file for centralized registration of prisoners held in NKVD camps and all functions related to the operational registration of prisoners: consideration of applications, control over the serving of sentences and release of prisoners, digital registration and supervision of the legal status of convicts ;

e) from the OTP GULAG of the NKVD of the USSR - a card file for centralized registration of special settlers.

Deputy People's Commissar internal affairs

USSR Commissioner of State

security rank 3 KRUGLOV

Head of the 1st Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR

captain of state security HERTSOVSKY

GARF. F.9401. Op.1. D.590. Ll.227-224. Script.

Lubyanka. VChK-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB, 1917–1960. Handbook, M., 1997.

The electronic version of the document is reprinted from the collection of documents by Alexander N. Yakovlev.

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Russia in the 40s(chronological table).

Major events of 1941(chronological table).