Single axle trailers. Trailers for cars
Basic performance requirements for a trailer for a passenger car: dimensions, weight, driving license, brakes, wheels, inspection and requirements for the movement of a vehicle with a trailer
In each article on our website, we little by little touched on certain basic rules and requirements for a vehicle with a trailer. These are both operating tips and technical specifications of the trailer for a particular brand of light trailer .... (on our website we DO NOT consider cargo trailers)
In this article, we will describe the basic, basic and clear
Requirements for a trailer of any model
1 The main dimensions of the car trailer and road train:
Maximum accepted dimensions: trailer length can be up to 12.0 m, height up to 4.0 m, width up to 2.55 m.
Maximum total length of the entire road train can be equal to 18.35 m.
2 Maximum weight (gross weight)
Gross trailer weight is the force that acts on the roadway through the axle or axles of an equipped trailer coupled to a tractor. Based on the maximum mass, trailers are classified into the following categories:
- maximum weight up to 750 kg - category O1 (light trailer, brakes not required)
- maximum weight from 750 to 3500 kg - category O2 (overrunning brakes)
- maximum weight from 3500 to 10000 kg - category O3 (brakes with constant action)
3 Trailer registration weight requirements
- At state registration trailer, its registration weight cannot exceed the maximum, that is, the total weight, which is indicated in the documentation of the trailer manufacturer. In a hitch with a vehicle (tractor) it is allowed to move the trailer on the middle axle of category O1 or O2 under the following conditions:
- The unbraked registration weight of the trailer - this is category O1 - must not and cannot exceed the maximum weight of the trailer. Only the permitted mass of the tractor manufacturer is allowed, which is 0.5 of the empty mass of the tractor. Here, the lower value will be the determining link.
- The registration mass of a trailer without brakes of categories such as O1 and O2 must also not exceed the maximum permissible mass established by the tractor manufacturer, that is, the total mass of the tractor. The lower value is also decisive here.
4 The right to drive a vehicle
- Category B is an acceptable category if the car is category B with car trailer. However, if the trailer is not light, its trailer registration mass must not exceed the empty mass of the vehicle, and its registration mass of the entire road train must not exceed 3,500 kg.
- Category C is the permissible category for driving a vehicle intended for transportation, taking into account a light trailer (i.e. a trailer with a total mass of up to 750 kg), but the registration mass of the vehicle or the entire road train must not exceed 3500 kg.
- Category D is an acceptable category for driving a vehicle intended for the transport of passengers, where there are more than 8 seats, not including the driver, together with a light trailer.
- Driving license category E (including other categories BE, CE, DE) - an acceptable category for driving a vehicle with a trailer whose registration weight exceeds the weight permitted by categories B, C or D.
6 trailer brake requirements
- Trailers of category O1 with a gross weight of up to 750 kg - here the presence of brakes is not a prerequisite.
- Category O2 trailers - brakes must be. They can be local or inertial brakes.
- Category O3 trailers - there must be permanent brakes, which are connected by hoses to the brake system of the tractor and they must act on all the wheels of the trailer. This is provided in the event of a rupture of the road train. Then the safety cable of the brake device will have to provide hitchhiking or connect the automatic brake system of the trailer.
7 trailer wheel requirements
The trailer manufacturer's instructions must list all trailer rim and tire sizes. They must meet the specified parameters and be resistant to loads, in accordance with the registration weight of the trailer.
Driving a vehicle towing a non-self-propelled vehicle is much more difficult than driving a vehicle without a trailer. Especially for an inexperienced driver. And one of the most important points, what you need to think about when buying a non-self-propelled vehicle - the size of the trailer for cars, as well as the weight of the structure.
Each car has its own maximum dimensions for trailers. When choosing a trailer, you should take into account the capabilities of your vehicle, as well as the specifics of the goods that you are going to transport. It is clear that the size of trailers for trucks can be incomparably larger than structures intended for towing by a passenger car.
The overall dimensions of trailers must correspond to the dimensions of the load, for example, when transporting boats, boats or snowmobiles. If the dimensions of the cargo being transported, the designs of the non-self-propelled vehicle and the towing vehicle correspond to each other, the trip will be safe, loading and launching the boat into the water will be convenient. What should be the dimensions of a trailer for boats or other equipment, you can see in our catalog, which presents a wide variety of models of trailers from MZSA, the largest manufacturer of non-self-propelled vehicles.
A trip with a loaded trailer requires the driver to be especially careful, it is necessary to strictly observe the permitted speed limit. In most cases, it is recommended to drive at a speed of 20 kilometers per hour slower than without towed vehicles. The driver must clearly remember the dimensions of the trailer, the size of the wheels of the car and the non-self-propelled vehicle in order to accurately fit into turns, especially when there is a need to drive inside residential area, through courtyards, past parked cars.
How to choose the right dimensions for a trailer structure for a car?
- Drivers of passenger cars, according to the current rules, are allowed to tow a non-self-propelled vehicle no longer than eight meters, no wider than 230 centimeters and no higher than three meters. Exceeding these dimensions creates dangerous situation during movement.
- According to accepted standards, the trailer design cannot be more than 1.5 times longer than the towing vehicle. For example, the length of your car is 4520 mm, then the maximum length of the trailer is 6780 mm, no more.
- The width of the trailer structure may be slightly larger than the tractor, but not more than 200 millimeters. The height of the trailer can be no higher than 1.8 gauge.
- The clearance of a non-self-propelled vehicle must be equal to the clearance of the towing vehicle.
- A particularly important point is the height at which the center of gravity of the cargo being transported is located. The ratio of the distance from the roadway to the point where the center of gravity of the load is located to the track width of the trailer cannot exceed the value of - 0.725.
To ensure the safety of a trip with trailers, it is necessary to comply with all requirements regarding the speed limit, dimensions of a non-self-propelled vehicle, and its technical condition. And also carefully check the reliability of the fixation of the transported cargo.
Parameters, dimensions and general technical requirements
OST 37.001. 220-80
This standard applies to all types of trailers intended for towing by cars and minibuses on the roads of the general network of the USSR. This standard does not apply to trailers, terms of reference which were approved for design prior to the introduction of this standard. The main terms used in the standard and their definition are given in the reference appendix.
1. PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
1.1. The total design weight of the trailer must not exceed the permitted by the manufacturer of the traction vehicle, must not be more than the curb weight of the traction vehicle and exceed 1800 kg.
1.2. The total structural weight of the trailer without brakes must not exceed the permitted by the manufacturer of the traction vehicle and must not be more than half of the curb weight of the traction vehicle.
1.3. The vertical static load in the center of the ball joint of the coupling device in any weight condition of the trailer must correspond to the value permitted by the manufacturer of the traction vehicle, but must not be less than 240 N (25 kgf) and more than 980N (100 kgf).
1.4. The length of the trailer must not be more than 1.5 times the length of the main traction vehicle or more than 8 m.
1.5. The width of the trailer must not exceed the width of the main traction vehicle by more than 200 mm on each side and must not exceed 2.3 m.
1.6. The height of the trailer must not be more than 1.8 of the trailer gauge or more than 3m.
1.7. The center of gravity of a loaded trailer must be located in such a way that the ratio of the height of the center of gravity to the gauge of the trailer wheels is no more than 0.725.
1.8. The ground clearance of the trailer must not be less than the ground clearance of the main traction vehicle.
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. General requirements
2.1.1. Trailers must be single-axle, it is allowed to use a paired axle.
2.1.2 A trailer with a horizontal interior floor, mounted on a level surface, must have a load on one side of the tire(s) of not more than 55% of its gross weight.
2 1.3. The design of the trailer must be designed for movement as part of a road train with a full design mass at a maximum speed permitted by manufacturers of traction vehicles.
2.1.4. The design and dimensions of the drawbar (frame) of the trailer must ensure the possibility of its deviation relative to the coupling ball installed on the vehicle, at the angles provided for by OST 37.001.096-77.
2.1.5. Trailers must be equipped with two non-removable safety chains (cables), which, in the event of an emergency break (breakage) of the towing device, must not allow the drawbar to touch the road surface, while ensuring trailer control.
2.1.6. Trailers must have two wheel chocks ("shoes").
2.1.7. Trailers must have space for jacking.
2.1.8. The trailer parking brake control must be removable and located on the right side in front of the drawbar (frame).
2.1.9. Trailers must be equipped with under-wheel protective devices (fenders, mudguards) if body parts do not perform the function of this device.
2.1.10. Materials used for the manufacture of trailers must have resistance to fire from water, fuel and oils not lower than the resistance of materials for parts and assemblies of a similar purpose of the main traction vehicle.
2.1.11. Trailer painting and control appearance coatings according to GOST 7593-80.
2.1.12. The trailer must have a climatic version in accordance with GOST 15150-69, corresponding to the climatic version of the main traction vehicle, and must be designed for storage conditions in open areas.
2.1.13. The service life of the trailer in accordance with the purpose and operating conditions are regulated by regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
2.2. Requirements for systems, components and assemblies
2.2.1. Trailer brake systems must comply with the requirements of OST 37.001.016 70.
2.2.2. The locking device for coupling with a traction vehicle must comply with the requirements of OST 37.001.096-77.
2.2.3. Electrical equipment, external lighting and signal devices must comply with the requirements of GOST 3940-71. GOST 8769-75, GOST 10984-74 and GOST 20961-75.
2.2.4. Trailers must have brackets (or a place) for attaching a license plate in accordance with GOST 3207-77.
2.2.5. To connect to the vehicle's electrical system, the trailer must have a plug in accordance with GOST 9209-76 with a connecting cable.
2.2.6. Trailers must have support legs that ensure the stability of the trailer in the uncoupled state and do not impair the cross-country ability of the road train.
With a vertical static load from the trailer locking device of more than 390 N (40 kgf), the front support leg must be equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism that ensures that the locking device is installed in the position necessary for coupling (uncoupling). When the mechanism is manually driven, the force on the handle should not exceed 118N (12 kgf).
3. COMPLETENESS
3.1. Trailers equipped with tires not unified with the main traction vehicle must have a spare wheel and a device for its fastening.
3.2. Trailers must be accompanied by the necessary tools and accessories if the set of tools and accessories of the main traction vehicle is not sufficient to service the trailer.
4. MARKING
4.1. Trailers must have a nameplate and markings in accordance with industry normative and technical documentation.
4.2. Trailers must have an additional plate near the locking device in accordance with GOST 12971-67 indicating the full design mass of the trailer; the value of the maximum static load on the coupling ball.
Terms and definitions adopted in this standard
The modern market of light trailers is filled with a large number of manufacturers who offer us their products. How to make the right choice among this multitude? Before buying a trailer, you must determine for yourself:
1) For what purposes and with what machine will you use the trailer? In order to transport, for example, various building materials, furniture or jet skis, snowmobiles, or maybe large animals?
2) How much are you willing to pay for a trailer? The cost of passenger cars depends on several factors.
3) Characteristics of trailers of different manufacturers. These are the dimensions of the body, and the height of the sides, the dimensions of the awning, the materials from which the trailer is made, design features, the quality of assembly and painting, the warranty period.
Trailer types
Light trailers, from the moment of their appearance, are already seriously rooted in our lives. During this time, many varieties and modifications have appeared, with which it is much more convenient to transport Various types cargo. Today, depending on what type of cargo will be transported, they differ in design features and are conditionally divided into the following main types:
General purpose trailers for cars - often equipped with a standard cargo platform, folding sides and equipped with awnings. Often the design is equipped with a dumping system, which greatly simplifies the loading and unloading of the contents of the trailer. In such trailers, completely different goods are transported, for which it is not necessary to create special conditions for their transportation. Such cargoes are various kinds of building materials, and furniture, and Appliances, and small-sized equipment, and tools, as well as much more that can be placed in a trailer of the appropriate dimensions and carrying capacity.
trailers special purpose for cars - these are transport elements that are used to transport goods with a non-standard design, or those that require special conditions on the way. To this species also includes trailers equipped with special devices, with the help of which loading and transportation various equipment is greatly facilitated.
Trailers for cars, which are made in the form of transportable houses - These are covered vans equipped with everything necessary for living in them. Are ideal option for those who like to travel by car, but for various reasons avoiding hotels and hostels. Among those you can find mobile offices on wheels. But if you don't like the idea of burdening yourself with the extra weight of a fairly massive motor home, then think twice before buying one. Today, many companies provide such housing for rent. Plus in such a decision - you can make a test drive with a trailer and determine for yourself whether the soul lies in it or not, in order to understand whether it should be bought.
Technical requirements for trailers
1. The light trailer must comply with the established technical requirements duly approved drawings and specifications.
2. In the production of a trailer, it is allowed to use and combine various units and assemblies borrowed from cars and sidecars. Units and assemblies made in accordance with state standards, must be made in accordance with the standard sizes, design requirements and technical specifications, which are provided by these same standards.
3. Light trailers must have only one axle.
4. The maximum weight of a loaded trailer must not exceed 60% of the weight of a fully equipped traction vehicle. If the trailer does not have brakes, then this ratio is reduced to 30%.
5. If the trailers in their gross weight exceed 0.75 tons, they must be equipped with brakes: service and parking.
6. The parking brake on a light trailer must be able to hold it fully applied on a dry hard road on a slope of at least 20 degrees. The force on the handbrake drive handle should not exceed 30 kgf.
7. Trailers that are not equipped with parking brakes must have two wheel chocks, also called "boots", which must be placed under the wheels when parking when the towing vehicle is disconnected.
8. The braking distance of a passenger car with a trailer exceeds by 10% the braking distance of a single light traction vehicle.
9. An obligatory element of safety precautions is an emergency cable that runs between the towbar of the car and the trailer drawbar. If suddenly a light trailer breaks away from the traction machine, its drawbar should not touch the roadway.
10. The permissible length of a light trailer must not exceed the length of the traction vehicle by 1.5 times, but also not be more than eight meters; height up to one and a half of its gauge, but not more than 2.5 meters; trailer width - no more than 0.4 meters and should not exceed 2.5 meters.
11. The track of the trailer must not be less than that of the towing vehicle.
12. The same goes for ground clearance.
13. The wobbling of the trailer while driving in a straight line must not exceed 3% to the side of its width.
14. Trailers must be equipped with external lighting fixtures. On trailers that are intended for transportation, for example, boats, it is allowed to mount external lighting devices on remote brackets.
15. Trailers must be equipped with support legs to ensure their stability in a single position. They should not adversely affect the patency of the car.
16. On light trailers, brackets must be provided on which the license plate will be attached.
17. Trailers, which provide for the transportation of ATVs and snowmobiles, must be equipped with special fasteners.
18. All external surfaces of the trailer must not have protruding elements, sharp corners and edges that can cause injury.
19. The design of a car trailer must be made in accordance with all the aesthetic requirements of our time.
20. Trailer paint must not bubble, run or crack.
21. If the height of the light trailer is higher than the lower edge of the rear window of the tractor car, then the latter must be equipped with additional remote side mirrors.
Trailer Registration Rules
Trailers for passenger cars, as vehicles, are subject to direct registration with the traffic police. So, let's look at what procedure you need to follow and how much to go to register a light trailer.
Stage #1– collection of documents that will be required to register the trailer.
This package includes:
- Ukrainian passport.
Passport for the technical equipment that was issued to you when buying a trailer.
Documents for the sale and purchase of a trailer.
If for some reason you cannot engage in this procedure, then your representative must have a power of attorney on your behalf, which indicates all the powers transferred to him.
Stage #2- to come to the registration department of the traffic police.
By law, you can contact the traffic police department that is more convenient for you. At the same time, neither the place of residence nor the place of stay have anything to do with this. There you will need to fill out a registration application for a light trailer. The procedure follows the established pattern.
Stage 3- payment of state duty.
Since a light trailer can be registered under several types of registration procedures, the amount of the state duty will vary depending on the type you choose. In general, it will cost from 120 to 550 hryvnia. First, be sure to specify all the necessary details and the amount of the fee that you need to pay in your case directly at the registration department of the traffic police. The state duty is paid in any branch of the bank convenient for you.
Stage 4– Inspection of a trailer for a passenger car.
You will need to bring the trailer for inspection by the traffic police inspector. The police officer will check the VIN numbers, and in the application he will put a mark indicating that the inspection has passed. Next, take a package of documents and move forward to register the trailer.
Stage number 5- paperwork.
After a successful inspection of the trailer of your car, give the entire package of documents so that the trailer is already registered. After successful registration, you will receive the appropriate certificate, state registration mark, registration mark in the TCP. That's all. After going through only five stages and completing all the necessary steps, you will become the owner of a legally registered car trailer that is ready to serve as a workhorse, passing all the tests that the road and the owner have prepared for him.
Features of registering a homemade trailer
To register homemade trailer for a passenger car, it would be better for you to base yourself on the following sequentially stated “cheat sheet”.
1. Come to the traffic police
There you will receive a referral for the examination of a light trailer in a specialized laboratory that conducts such and similar studies, which confirms its accreditation.
2. Leave a request for an examination
Together with the application, the direction issued by the traffic police and the entire package of documents, which were mentioned earlier, must be submitted. There is a possibility that you will be asked to provide an additional list of any documents. Be prepared for various unforeseen circumstances. It is better to immediately clarify the full list of everything that you will need to provide. Examination will need to be paid, it is not free.
3. Laboratory verification
Here, your homemade trailer will be fully checked for compliance with its design to current requirements. If your invention has passed the examination, an act is issued to issue you a certificate for the manufactured equipment.
4. Writing an application
Give the written application along with the certificate to the traffic police, do not forget to attach the examination certificate. Next, provide your homemade trailer for inspection. Pay for the registration process.
5. Receipt of documents
Upon completion of registration, you will be issued a certificate and a state number for a light trailer. Everything, the procedure is completed. Now you can use the trailer at your own discretion, without fear of claims from the traffic police and issuing fines. Conclusion: in order to obtain a permit for the use of an assembled light trailer, you should stock up on a lot of patience in the first place. If you follow all the above registration steps, you can achieve a positive result by registering a trailer and receiving a state license for it. numbers.
trailer inspection
In Ukraine, technical inspection was canceled back in 2011. He was replaced by technical control. The word is slightly different, but the essence is the same. Technical inspection was previously a mandatory procedure for any type of transport, but part of the transport was exempted from the innovation. This also includes trailers for cars.
The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved a bill dated 12/09/2015, which refers to the return of technical inspection of vehicles. On the Internet portal Verkhovna Rada the document has not yet been made available to the public, but it refers to the timing of the resumption of technical inspection: in 2019, maintenance for cars will resume, in 2022 - for motorcycles, in 2017 - for buses, in 2015 - for trucks. But for the actions to take effect, it is necessary to harmonize a dozen pieces of legislation.
Do you need trailer insurance?
If a driver who is not legal entity, has decided to purchase a trailer for his car, he has a reasonable question: “Do I need to insure the trailer?” So, know that you do not need to insure a trailer for a car separately, the insurance policy for the car also applies to the trailer. Only legal entities need to go through this procedure.
Power of attorney to drive someone else's trailer
If the trailer for a passenger car is transferred for use to another driver, then it is necessary to draw up an appropriate power of attorney for it. Note that, in addition to that, the driver must have an open category of rights that allows you to drive a car.
You can draw up a power of attorney by hand on a plain sheet of A4 paper or use ready-made form, which is sold in the relevant stores or stalls with printed products. It is filled in in a format similar to a power of attorney for a vehicle, only a light trailer must be indicated as an object. In the body of the document, you must specify all the data of the principal and the person to whom the power of attorney is issued, all numbers, the name of the trailer and its color. You also need to register all permitted actions with it. On your behalf, it is enough to indicate that you allow a trusted person to drive a light trailer.
When a new driver drives a car with a trailer, he must have other mandatory documents with him, except for a power of attorney: driver's license of the appropriate category and registration certificate.
Category in the rights to drive a trailer
According to the Law of Ukraine "On road traffic”, a driver with a category of car license “BE” has the right to use a trailer in which a load is transported, the mass of which does not exceed 750 kilograms, and, according to the factory specifications, has the technical capability of such operation. Otherwise, the movement of a car with a trailer will be regarded as towing, and this should already take place in full compliance with the rules of the road.
Subscribe to our feeds
- Tablets Goldline as an effective means for weight loss: how to take and how harmful?
- Butyratomania: the effect on the body of butyrate, the consequences of use and treatment of addiction
- Vitamins Alphabet Diabetes: instructions, analogues, price Vitamins alphabet diabetes composition
- What is ALT during pregnancy