Kursk undermining 1991. Kursk. Chronology of events. Chronicle of mysterious explosions
After 26 years, people continue to argue what should have been done then. Was it an inevitability or an accident? "KI" found out what the people of Kursk wanted in 1991, why they took to the streets, and whether their dreams came true.
The cutter was misunderstood
In August 1991, the people of Kursk were worried about a variety of issues - from the fight against cockroaches to changes in politics. So, "Kurskaya Pravda" (the newspaper was published daily, except Sunday and Monday) wrote about harvesting, about what useful things can be done from frayed children's tights, and gave explanations about gasoline at bargain prices. Also on the pages of the publication was published a letter from a veteran who opposed the departition of state and administrative structures. In general, it reflected ordinary provincial life with its victories and troubles.
(PHOTO: Despite the rain, people came to Red Square)
On the night of August 18-19, representatives State Committee in the state of emergency in the USSR, they tried to take power into their own hands. On Monday, August 19, the morning for many began with " swan lake". The next day, Kursk Pravda reported that Mikhail Gorbachev, for health reasons, could no longer govern the country. For the effective management of the country, the State Emergency Committee is being created, and a state of emergency is introduced in some places. One of the readers of the newspaper, a miller by profession, writes a letter to the editor (it was published on the front page, next to the statements of the central authorities). The author of the message considers August 19 almost a turning point in the history of the country, perestroika has reached a dead end, decisive actions, order and discipline are needed, then many problems will be solved.
On August 22, the newspaper wrote that information had been received: Gorbachev was in good health, but he was being kept in isolation in the Crimea. The next day, in an appeal to the citizens of the country, the events on the night of 19 were called an unconstitutional coup. On August 23, information was posted about the cancellation of the decrees of the State Emergency Committee (one of them limited the publication of newspapers). In the issue of August 24, the author of the already mentioned letter had to clarify his position. The miller said he was misunderstood. In fact, he did not support anti-constitutional actions at all, but simply noted that the situation in the country was really difficult. And what is really needed is order and discipline. Well, ignorance true purposes The GKChP had an effect.
(PHOTO: Strangers wanted to be in the frame to "make history")
Reason for pride
What happened in those days on the city streets? On August 19, in the morning in Kursk, the inscription “No to red fascism” appeared on the building of the Central Scientific and Technical Institute. Who left it is not known. The youth representatives decided to support the president of the country in an original way. Three students pedagogical university On August 21, they walked along the main street with a portrait of the captive head of state.
At that time, after the first course, we were in archaeological practice near Besediino, - recalls Pyotr Gorbachev. - My friends Nechaev Vladimir, Konovalenko Maxim, Pankov Vladimir asked the leader to take time off, bought a portrait of Gorbachev in a store, then portraits of party leaders were sold, and walked with him, it seems, from Perekalsky Square to Red Square. Then the traffic was organized differently, they walked along the median strip, everyone saw them, including those who were traveling in transport.
In the very center of the city, young people were met by police officers. They were taken to the 1st department, but no sanctions followed for their willful walk. There, a major approved of their actions. As the participants later told their friends, he noted that if we had more such people, life in the country would be better.
Nobody condemned them, neither students nor teachers. Then the guys talked about this case for six months or a year, they were proud of it, - says Gorbachev. - And for some time they collected money and sent congratulatory telegrams to Gorbachev on public holidays and on his birthday. Then they really believed him.
Changed the flag
The culmination of the August events in Kursk can be called the 23rd. On this day, enthusiasts changed the Soviet flag to the tricolor. As Konstantin Krupenin, who was then an engineer at Kurskenergo, recalls, the head of his department from the first anxious days stopped talking about freedom.
On the 23rd, we, without saying a word, decided to go to Red Square. We decided to visit the artist Tatyana Kryukova, who drew an impromptu poster in a few minutes. It was drizzling, but people were in no hurry to disperse, - says Konstantin. - The first attempt to change the flag was unsuccessful, it had to be raised a second time. I climbed onto the roof along with the rest of the participants in the events, climbing the rickety outer stairs took less than a minute. Among the participants in the events were the son of the famous Russian journalist Viktor Chemodurov Alexander, the Moscow artist Vladislav Vakarev and the St. Petersburg historian Alexei Razdorsky. These photos have not previously been published in the media. Only one, where the flag is being hoisted, was systematically published in one of the newspapers, however, without my signature.
The tricolor flag, it seems, was hastily sewn, and it was installed on the roof. Nobody interfered with the activists. Witnesses of those events had the feeling that everyone was just waiting for this. People on the streets wanted to get into the frame of the lens and, at the same time, into history.
(PHOTO: The flag is being changed on the building of the City Executive Committee)
On August 27, Kurskaya Pravda published a report on the change of the flag, and an interview with MP Vyacheslav Fedotov, whom the correspondent of the newspaper called, and an article by the editor, who did not know about these calls, about decrees and other Moscow affairs, and was surprised by this position employees. There was also a message about the suspension of the activities of the CPSU and the funeral at the expense of the state of three Muscovites who died in a clash between supporters and opponents of the State Emergency Committee.
And then everyone went back to their normal business. Only from time to time they recalled those events and puzzled over what should have been done then.
We had a discussion with friends about what we would have done if we had then the current brains, - says Krupenin. - And it seems to me that exactly the same. At that time, we were really tired of the communist moss, we thought that something had to be changed. Then there was joy that justice had triumphed.
According to Krupenin, in August 1991 people sincerely believed in changes for the better. It was later that they learned what shock therapy in the economy, inflation, and free prices are. And in those days, euphoria reigned in the minds of people. It lasted until 1993.
Prepared by Julia Golubchikova
14 years have passed since the tragedy of August 12, 2000, when the Kursk nuclear submarine of the Northern Fleet sank during a training cruise in the Barents Sea. This happened 175 km from Severomorsk. By official version At 11:28:26 Moscow time, a torpedo exploded. After 2 minutes 18 seconds at 11 hours 30 minutes 44 seconds, a second explosion with a power of 3.5 points on the Richter scale thundered. The first explosion was up to 1.5 power. On this day, the crew was supposed to carry out training firing, but instead, an explosion was recorded in the exercise area, after which the nuclear submarine (NPS) stopped communicating. Two days later, the boat was found lying on the bottom at a depth of 108 m. On August 21, the death of all 118 submariners aboard the submarine was officially announced. After the death of the Kursk, the surviving submariners fought for their lives on the sunken submarine for several more hours. But no one was saved! The K-141 submarine (project 949-A of the Antey class, NATO classification Oscar-II) was laid down at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise in Severodvinsk on March 22, 1990.
On January 31, 1991, the nuclear submarine under construction was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, and on April 6, 1993, she was given the name "Kursk". The construction of the boat was completed at the end of 1994. On December 30, 1994, the state commission signed the act of accepting the ship, and the Andreevsky flag and guis were raised. Guys - the bow flag of a ship or vessel, which, along with the state, civil or commercial flag or naval flag, indicates the state affiliation of ships and vessels.
Chronology of events:
August 10, 2000 Executing the exercise plan, the nuclear cruiser "Kursk" went on a training mission near the Kola Bay. It was necessary to launch a cruise missile and practice torpedo firing at a detachment of warships. 12th of August The submarine was at the combat training ground in the Barents Sea. At 17.30 Moscow time She didn't show up at the scheduled time. About the tragedy on the Kursk, the military leadership became aware in the evening Saturday 12 August when at 23.00 the submarine commander did not get in touch again. At 2330 hours, the submarine "Kursk" in accordance with the requirements normative documents was declared an emergency. August 13, a group of ships headed by the commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Vyacheslav Popov, went in search of a submarine. At 04.51 hydroacoustic equipment of the cruiser "Peter the Great" found a ship lying on the ground at a depth of 108 meters. August 14 at 11.00 In the morning, the fleet command made the first public statement that the Kursk submarine had sunk to the ground as a result of the accident. August 15 The main headquarters of the Navy officially announced the start of the rescue operation. August 16 at a sea state of about 2 points, the deep-water rescue apparatus "Priz" was launched from the ship "Rudnitsky". During the night, despite difficult weather conditions, several attempts were made to get to the boat. 15.00 - Russian President Vladimir Putin said that "the situation with the Kursk submarine is difficult, critical, but the fleet has all the necessary arsenal of means of rescue, and rescue attempts will continue to the end." Admiral Kuroyedov said that Russia would accept any assistance offered by the West. Assistance from Britain and Norway was requested. All attempts to dock the escape pods to the boat were unsuccessful. August 17 The Norwegian ship Seaway Eagle headed for the scene of the tragedy with deep-sea divers on board, and the Normand Pioneer transport ship with British specialists and equipment left the port of Trondheim. August 18 the rescue operation was continued by Russian rescuers, but there is still no reliable data on the condition of the boat and crew, the situation on board the Kursk is already assessed as “supercritical”. August 19 in the afternoon, the Norwegian ship Normand Pioneer arrived at the scene of the accident with a British rescue mini-boat LR-5. August 20 in the first hour, the Seaway Eagle rescue vessel with 12 deep-sea divers on board approached the disaster area. After the final approvals, the second stage of the operation began. August 20 for several hours of work, the Norwegian divers examined the nuclear submarine for damage and the presence of air cushions in the aft compartments. The Norwegians managed to unlock the emergency hatch valve, but they failed to get on the boat. On the morning of August 21 the Norwegians managed to open the escape hatch and get into the boat. However, the 9th compartment of the submarine, to which the hatch led, was flooded. 15.27
- a video camera was introduced into the submarine, with the help of which they tried to determine the state of the 7th and 8th compartments. The body of a sailor was found in the 9th compartment. 16.23
- Chief of Staff of the Northern Fleet Mikhail Motsak told RIA Novosti that "the worst expectations were confirmed, all compartments were completely flooded with water, and not a single crew member was left alive." The head of the press service of the Northern Fleet, Vladimir Navrotsky, said that the Norwegian specialists had decided that further examination of the submarine was inappropriate. 17.00
- Vice Admiral Motsak officially confirmed the death of the crew of the K-141 Kursk nuclear submarine. August 22 The President of Russia flew to Severomorsk. In the Vidyayevo garrison, he met with the families and friends of the dead sailors. Putin was unable to answer questions about what exactly happened to the Kursk and why they could not save the submariners. After meeting with relatives, Putin by his decree declares August 23 a day of mourning and departs for Moscow. August 23 is a day of mourning in Russia. 24 August- Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Vladimir Ustinov announced the initiation of a criminal case into the sinking of the Kursk nuclear submarine. August, 26th- Vladimir Putin signed a Decree on conferring state awards on the crew members of the Kursk nuclear submarine. Hero Title Russian Federation awarded to Captain 1st Rank Gennady Lyachin (posthumously). The remaining 117 crew members were posthumously awarded the Order of Courage. On the same day, Putin signed the Decree “On perpetuating the memory of the crew of the nuclear submarine Kursk”. August 29- US military and intelligence circles admitted that at the time of the Kursk accident there were two American submarines next to it, but denied that the collision with one of them was the cause of the disaster. 6 September- The United States handed over to Russia the data they have on the Kursk nuclear submarine disaster, in particular, the exact time of the explosions on board the Kursk to the second. September 19- President Putin decided to start an operation to raise the remains of the crew of the nuclear submarine and the submarine itself. the 25th of October- began the operation to raise the bodies of the dead sailors. On the night of October 26 The divers who opened the hull of the submarine examined the bodies of the sailors of the Kursk. It became clear that after the explosion in the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th compartments, people were alive. A suicide note was found in the pocket of the deceased commander of the 9th compartment, Dmitry Kolesnikov.
November 7, 2000- divers mothballed all the hatches of the Kursk. To this day, 12 bodies of the crew members of the Kursk nuclear submarine have been removed from the boat. Information taken from: funeral-spb.narod.ru; en.wikipedia.org; podlodka.info
Nuclear submarine "Kursk". The secret of death.
"As you call a ship, so it will go."
The reason that prompted me to write this article is a lot of videos and articles with noisy titles.
"Video banned in Russia", "The truth about Kursk", "Putin is to blame..." and so on.
Someone considers it possible to take advantage of the death of the sailors and the cruiser in order to conduct their dirty propaganda.
I did not deal with the topic for a very simple reason - I knew the truth on the second day.
Accidental death, or, more precisely, a heap of accidents.
Well, he did his research.
I'll start with the version exaggerated by the liberals.
Blame everything on Putin - "Hurrah, I found a hole."
1. The most stupid, headless and deceitful version.
The authors of these works are persistently trying to prove that the Kursk was sunk by an American submarine with a salvo of torpedoes.
It was the enemy torpedo that left this hole in the hull of the boat.
It pierced the hull and exploded inside the boat, and that torpedo - azm esm Mk-48.
Oh how!
And nothing that the nose of the torpedo is rubber, and that it explodes 5 meters from the target.
http://pentagonus.ucoz.ru/navy/weap/mal/k48-2.JPG
No, it was special, secret and new, in a case of depleted uranium.
Kind of penetrating.
But friends, this is not an air projectile, the speed of the torpedo is low, well, where can you break through two hulls. The main thing is why - an explosion at 5 meters provides the most stable and most powerful defeat.
Then the science fiction writers say, but if it was cumulative and burned through.
But then the hole cannot be that big, it should be the size of a five-ruble coin.
Yes, and there would be no sense from this at all, it would snort inside the compartment, it would kill people and that’s all,
the boat would not even suffer severe damage.
Yes, and show me such an idiot who will shoot at an enemy submarine with such a torpedo, assuming that a reactor or a nuclear warhead will explode with it - this is suicide.
There is no need to invent anything, especially if you look at the other side.
http://www.rpf.ru/txt/04/04/22-0100054.jpg
Not so beautiful and not round, but both are holes for which the cable was caught when the boat was raised.
With lovers of holes somehow clarified, but then what?
Throw everything on the torpedo.
2. Actually, this is a naval tradition, it just so happened - we bring down on equipment.
The commission of inquiry concluded:
During the investigation, it was established that the crash occurred on August 12, 2000 at 11 am. 28 min. in the Barents Sea at the geographical point with coordinates 69 3700 north latitude
and 37 34 25 East, due to the explosion of a torpedo 65-76A inside the torpedo
apparatus No. 4, and the further development of the explosive process in the combat charging compartments of torpedoes located in the first compartment of the submarine cruiser. These circumstances were finally established by the experts after the recovery of fragments of the bow compartment in the summer of 2001. The lifting of the fragments was stopped only after the experts considered sufficient
the amount of data provided to them for research.
The explosion caused the death of the personnel of the first compartment, significant damage in the
space of the boat and completely destroyed the torpedo tube No. 4 and partially the torpedo
apparatus No. 2. As a result, holes were formed in the robust case,
through which the first compartment of the boat began to flow sea water, flooded
almost completely the first compartment of the boat.
The shock wave resulting from the explosion, as well as flying fragments of the tail section
destroyed torpedo and torpedo tube No. 4 initiated the explosive process of explosive
substances of the combat charging compartment of a number of torpedoes, which were located on the racks
inside the first compartment. Development for more than 2 minutes of explosive process in combat
charging compartments of torpedoes led to their detonation, and then to the transfer of detonating
impulse to other torpedoes located on the racks.
The second explosion occurred at 11 o'clock. 30 min. 44.5 sec.
It led to the complete destruction of the bow of the Kursk APRK, structures and
mechanisms of its first, second and third compartments. Having received catastrophic damage, the ship sank at the indicated point in the Barents Sea, 108 miles from the entrance to the Kola Bay at a depth of 110 - 112 meters.
Everything would be great, but it’s just a little unclear, but how?
At the training ground, as soon as they did not pervert in order to blow up these torpedoes in an "abnormal" way.
But somehow unsuccessfully, they don’t want to - the protection mechanisms are too reliable.
But in general, the version is very close to the truth, but it is very convenient.
Why?
Because the true cause of this catastrophe affects the official, material and
other interests of many members of this commission. Affects the interests of many research institutes,
Central Design Bureau, industrial enterprises of the military-industrial complex, headquarters structures of the Navy, a system of military orders.
Affects the entire control system of the Russian Navy.
To bring down so to bring down.
3. Version - "Yes, there are no innocents there, everyone is to blame."
The main reason for the death of the nuclear submarine "Kursk" are design failures and errors in ensuring the unsinkability of the nuclear submarine when using torpedo weapons, as well as design flaws in ensuring constant monitoring of the state of the oxidizer in the launch cylinder of the torpedo 65-76 A.
In addition, other reasons for the death of nuclear submarines are the poor training of the command of the nuclear submarine and the personnel of the mine-torpedo warhead in the operation and combat use of 65-76 A torpedoes, the collapse of the training system for the crews of nuclear submarines in the Northern Fleet, the low responsibility and unprofessionalism of staff officers and leaders of various levels who were engaged in underwater business both in the Northern Fleet and in the Main Headquarters of the Navy.
This version was voiced by Vice-Admiral Ryazantsev - an intelligent and honest person.
And he is right in many respects, in many details and subtleties.
Dozens of people worked and dealt with this tragedy - studied, checked, and of course it is difficult to add something to what has been said.
And yet about what the researchers did not take into account.
Even the most respected Vice Admiral Ryazantsev and torpedo builders.
Everyone, as one, wanted to see an idyllic picture, when everything is as it should be.
Here I will allow myself a small digression.
The cruiser "Kursk" and the history of the city after which it was named.
In 1238 the city was completely destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols.
In 1285, Kursk was again ravaged to the ground by the Nogai horde in response to the performance of the Rylsky and Vorgol prince Oleg, together with the Lipetsk prince Svyatoslav, against the Tatar Baskak Akhmet in 1283.
In 1781, Kursk burned to the ground in fires.
On August 9, 1941, Kursk was bombed for the first time by German aircraft.
In early November, German troops approached the city, on November 1 - 2 there were defensive battles for the city with the Nazi invaders; On the night of November 3, Kursk was surrendered to the enemy. The city was badly damaged during the liberation from the German occupation, which lasted until February 8, 1943, when the city was liberated by the 60th Army under the command of General I.D. Chernyakhovsky; during the occupation about three
thousand inhabitants of the city were shot, almost ten thousand were driven to Germany, over 10 thousand citizens died of starvation and epidemics. General material damage from destruction during the occupation and battles for the city amounted to more than 742 million rubles.
It was then that I remembered what the ship would be called ......
But this is mysticism.
What actually happened?
Oddly enough, this is not so important, more important is what happened from 1991 to 2000.
The death of the fleet and the decomposition of the officers.
In 1991, a tram driver in St. Petersburg received 400 rubles, and a submarine commander as much as 380.
But these are only flowers, the berries began with hyperinflation and cost cuts.
And just like that, they simply cut off the maintenance of the fleet dozens of times and that's it.
And that's not all, a salary, even a small one, was not paid for months, the record was 6 months in 1996.
How did the officers serve and what did they do?
The main topic of conversation is "when they sign the resignation letter", "do you have a place there"...
The most intelligent and gifted fled, and of course no one was engaged in combat training.
But it was not necessary, the ships no longer went to sea - there was no fuel.
The boats were on alert at the pier.
Staff officers found themselves in an even more difficult situation when they did not pay money for months,
so as not to die of hunger, they embarked on allowances on ships. That is, they ate at the expense of the sailors.
They stole and sold everything that had some value, warehouse workers stole on a grand scale.
And this terrible picture was at the beginning of those fatal exercises of the submarine cruiser "Kursk".
I'm sure the chain of fatal accidents began in the warehouse.
The commander of the warhead of the boat received stolen torpedoes in the warehouse.
One of the midshipmen opened the torpedo and pulled out the parts containing the precious metal.
When the torpedoes were being loaded, one of them was dropped.
The commander of the combat unit was without technical documentation how to prepare and load torpedoes on this boat.
He had documentation for another boat project (according to the UK documents).
It's like taking the helm of a Boeing from the AN-24 and trying to apply the old experience.
When preparing the torpedo, the hose was not degreased, and all the debris that had accumulated over 6 years fell into the torpedo.
And so on, and so on, step by step.
Broken, wrong, damaged, didn't know, etc.
And the torpedo exploded not in the torpedo tube, but during its preparation.
A chain of accidents, and an explosion and fire in the compartment, and then an explosion of a combat torpedo on a rack.
Violations and flaws in the design led to damage to neighboring compartments.
Well, the ship is dead.
An emergency buoy was supposed to automatically surface, reporting an accident, but did not surface.
From what?
And it’s very simple, it turns out, someone removed the handle of the trigger and also put a plug.
And they calmly went to sea with "such a one."
The list of "just like that" tricks is long and colorful.
But how many bosses and commissions ran to the boat, pulled and distracted the crew.
So it turns out the crew is to blame?
No, people did not deal with the ship and weapons, almost everything had to be done for the first time.
Yes, and a lot of things.
And it was like this - all of a sudden.
In general, it's easy to destroy and destroy. Collect, make and teach.......
A fatal conglomeration of accidents is the cause of the death of the boat.
And who is to blame?
Yes, no one.
If yes if only.....
Could it be otherwise?
The Commander-in-Chief must declare to the President:
- The fleet is not combat-ready, it takes time, several months, for the step-by-step preparation of ships and crews.
Time to repair and check equipment and weapons.
Money for the maintenance of people and the fleet.
The commanders of the ships had to declare to the commander:
- The ship is not combat-ready, it takes time.
And so on and on.
Could?
No, it's easier to take off your shoulder straps and put them on the table, and then there will be nothing to eat at all.
Could they save the sailors in the 9th compartment?
If experienced deep-sea divers had not fled,
if they hadn’t plundered naval rescue vehicles,
if the operators had even the slightest bit of experience with them.
Yes, they could.
And if you immediately asked the Norwegians, the British and the Dutch for help?
Would you immediately admit to weakness and the collapse of everything in the fleet?
Could you immediately confess and not even try to save people?
No, they couldn't, they tried, our rescuers tried their best, but you can't jump above your head.
And yet, what if the Norwegians were immediately invited to save?
It doesn’t work right away, divers without their ship are useless, but he still needs to get there.
The sailors of the Kursk, who survived the explosion, had a little more than a day to be rescued.
And they were looking for them for a long time, the emergency buoy did not surface until they figured it out.
By the descent of our first divers and vehicles, the people in the 9th compartment were already frozen and fell asleep from lack of air, fell into an eternal sleep.
Eternal memory to them.
It is very disgusting and disgusting that some liberals and fighters with Putin disturb their sleep like this.
The photo shows a note that was found on one of the dead submariners.
List of materials:
1. "Kursk". Film TsKB MT "Rubin"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssLnE3u3LUw
2. The other day - 2000. Submarine Kursk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMEDG8GuKt8
3. The death of the Kursk, Vice Admiral Ryazantsev
4. Americans
5. Video of diving operations and underwater filming of "Kursk"
http://www.tvdata.ru/rus/military/kursk_catastrophe/8
6. Putin and widows with relatives
http://www.gazeta.ru/stenogram.shtml
7. Torpedoes
http://warcyb.org.ru/news/russkie_torpedy/2010-08-14-102
P.S. Feel free to write reviews, I always write responses.
Reviews
A bitter date is approaching - the anniversary of the death of the Kursk nuclear-powered ship. And these weeks in the Barents Sea, work is being carried out at an accelerated pace to raise the dead nuclear submarine. But today, like a year ago, we know practically nothing about the causes of the death of the newest submarine missile carrier. There are too many secrets and omissions around the activities of the Klebanov commission. The unequivocal attitude of this commission to blame the fleet and the dead crew for everything is too clearly visible.
Recently, our editors received material in which one of the designers of anti-submarine weapons outlined his own original version of the death of the Kursk.
We deliberately did not subject it to any significant editing. Therefore, some data are preserved in the text, the indisputability of which is questionable. So, it is well known that during the training attack, the Kursk could not fire a live torpedo. We cannot equally unambiguously and categorically state that the Americans have specially prepared a torpedo trap for the Kursk.
But it seems to us quite interesting the version that the Captor system could have been lost by one of the American boats conducting constant reconnaissance in this area, or ended up here as an element of the security complex of an autonomous reconnaissance module. Other variants of the catastrophe that occurred a year ago in the Barents Sea are also possible.
At the very least, this work provides some information for reflection, and the version of the torpedo attack as the root cause of the death of the Kursk acquires new arguments.
The RUSSIAN submarine missile carrier "Kursk" died at about 13:00 on August 12, 2000, and already on August 18, a version appeared in "MK" that it was attacked from a distance of 4 km by two US nuclear submarines ("Memphis" and "Toledo" of the "Los- Angeles") with their MK-48 torpedoes (with a warhead (warhead) of 300 kg of TNT), which caused the death of the Kursk. In this version, the following information deserves attention: there were two US boats (which was also reported by the US Secretary of Defense, speaking at 10.00 on August 14 on NTV), and they were armed with MK-48 torpedoes.
However, the assumption that the Kursk sank from the holes made by these torpedoes is technically untenable and data on damage to our nuclear submarine is not confirmed: a warhead explosion of 300 kg of TNT can only penetrate a light boat hull (up to 30 mm thick), but cannot then pierce its strong body (100 mm), separated from the light one by 100-150 mm, filling the gap with molded rubber.
In April 2001, the Zhizn newspaper reported that a specialist from the Northern Fleet, who asked not to be named, was involved in the discovery by deep-sea submersibles of the Navy, called "drone boats" in the publication, two tail sections of torpedoes identified as MK-48 by markings on them . "Tails" were found not near the boat, but in the square of its flooding 4x4 km in size even before August 18, 2000. True, this information was not repeated later, which may well be due to a special operation to "close" this data ..
As for the damage and destruction of the nuclear submarine "Kursk", they, according to the Navy, set out in the NTV broadcast on August 20, 2000 at 18.00, are as follows. Damage not dangerous for buoyancy - a dent in the light hull, deformation of the hull of the 2nd compartment and cabin, lack of covers on the mines of the fired Granit missiles, deformation of the crew rescue capsule, absence of a radio beacon. Destruction, disastrous for the boat - the nose cone of the light hull and everything that was in it is completely missing; the torpedo tube (TA) of caliber 650 mm of torpedo 65-76 with a warhead of 2000 kg of TNT is completely absent, and in the zone of its location the front bulkhead of the strong hull of the 1st compartment has a hole with an area of 6 square meters. m; in the same place, the cylinder of the strong body of the 1st compartment has a gap along the generatrix. Holes in the light hull from MK-48 torpedoes were not found anywhere on the boat.
The nature of the destruction that is fatal to the boat, and their scale suggests that they were not produced by an MK-48 torpedo with a warhead with a capacity of 300 kg of TNT, but by a significantly more powerful explosion, i.e. the explosion of the warhead of a torpedo 65-76 (2000 kg of TNT) in its own TA nuclear submarine "Kursk", and unambiguously. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the real cause of this explosion.
IN THE TRANSMISSION ON AUGUST 14, 2000 at 10.00 NTV reported that as early as August 12, i.e. on the day of the death of the Kursk, the media of Canada and Norway reported that their seismic stations recorded two almost continuous explosions, equivalent to approximately 300 and 2000 kg of TNT in an area that corresponds in coordinates to the place of the flooding of the boat, which then could not be known in Norway , nor in Canada. The Russian Federation announced the disaster only on August 14. For this reason, these messages can be considered objective information, and the diagram of explosions looked like this: the first small peak and right after it, with an interval of 0.001-0.003 seconds - approximately 7 times larger. Such a diagram is typical for records of the explosion of a conventional high explosive, where the first pressure peak corresponds to the explosion of the projectile's detonator, and the second - to the explosion of its main warhead. It remains to be assumed that the explosion of 300 kg was the detonator of the explosion of 2000 kg, and the science of the explosion cannot give any other explanation. But an explosion of 300 kg corresponds to the warhead of the MK-48 torpedo, and an explosion of 2000 kg corresponds to the warhead of the 65-76 torpedo, which was in the TA "Kursk" and was preparing to launch there. There is no doubt that these two explosions are connected in some way.
Could the 65-76 torpedo spontaneously explode in its TA? This is practically impossible, since all our torpedoes, including training ones, have three interlocks, which exclude the operation of the squib (PP) of the warhead detonator in the boat. Firstly, the electrical circuit of the PP is broken by a limit switch, which closes it only after the rear section (transom) of the torpedo leaves the torpedo tube, protecting the torpedo from the explosion of the warhead on the racks and in the torpedo tube. The second break in the electrical circuit of the squib is closed by a track blockage after the torpedo has traveled a distance exceeding the radius of action of its own warhead in order to prevent damage to the boat by its own torpedo.
In addition to these locks, there is also a fire lock on the boat, in which the detonator explodes from heating without the command of the PP. This is ensured by the electromechanical closing of the afterburner, which is removed at the "Start" command from the central control station of the boat through the limit switch, i.e. outside the torpedo tube of the boat. Finally, all torpedoes are tested for explosion safety under external influences: a shock overload of 100g (imitation of an atomic explosion near a boat), a breakdown of the warhead hull by a high-explosive fragment and when the warhead is shot through by a bullet from a large-caliber (12 mm) DShK machine gun.
Consequently, not a single torpedo of the Russian Navy, including the torpedo 65-76, can spontaneously explode in its TA, and in case of any boat accident, which was confirmed on the Kursk: after the explosion of the warhead 65-76, no other explosions were recorded on the boat . How could something happen that couldn't happen? Attempts to resolve this paradox lead us to the one and only real reason for the Kursk disaster.
When the torpedo is standing in its torpedo at the command "Tovs" from the boat's control station, the cover of the fairing of the torpedo tube is open, and the working cover of the torpedo tube, like the membrane of a telephone, emits all the sounds of preparing the torpedo for launch in its torpedo along the course of the boat: explosions of squibs of ampoule batteries , clicks of pyrocranes of the engine power system, gyroscopes of the control system are untwisted, etc., and all this is done by the automation of the torpedo itself in a strictly defined sequence.
If these sounds are recorded on a phonogram and brought into the acoustic homing head (AGS) of a torpedo, then on the “Start” command, such a torpedo can be aimed exactly at the center of the working cover of the TA of the enemy boat being destroyed, if its caliber is smaller than the hole under the fairing cover of the enemy TA. In this case, the warhead of the acoustic torpedo pierces the working cover of the torpedo with its explosion, and then the body of the warhead of the torpedo standing there, blowing up its warhead with its detonation instead of the standard detonator of the torpedo itself directly into the torpedo's torpedo.
The described situation, adjusted for modern technologies, has numerous precedents in the Great Patriotic War. The reports of our fighter pilots are replete with descriptions of how German bombers, after firing from a cannon, exploded in the air, instantly turning into nothing. This happened if a fighter explosive shell hit the warhead of a bomb on board a bomber and undermined it without the sanction of the bomb detonator, destroying the aircraft with the crew. That is why the German pilots, when our fighters appeared, panickedly freed themselves from bombs, dropping them anywhere, and only after that they accepted the battle, where there was a very real chance of surviving by jumping out on a parachute.
How could torpedo 65-76 in the torpedo tube of the nuclear submarine "Kursk" be blown up at about 13.00 on August 12, 2000 in the Barents Sea during the exercises of the Northern Fleet? Just for this role, in terms of its technical and tactical indicators, the MK-48 torpedo of the US Navy is ideal: it is a torpedo with an AGS, its warhead power is 300 kg, the target destruction depth is from 2 to 300 m, it has an electric propeller drive (silent on the move ), the target capture radius of its AGS, as well as the cruising range, are 4 km, and the caliber is 450 mm. This torpedo can hit any of the Kursk torpedo tubes (Zh 533 and 650 mm) in the described way, but not in battle (duel of boats), but when launched by the KEPTOR system ("capturing target", English).
"Atomic End of the World"
They underwent their first test at the end of February. It seemed that only a terrible thunderstorm broke out over Ushakovo. Discharges of unprecedented strength followed one after another. The whole sky was continuously illuminated by bright flashes and dazzling zigzags of lightning, illuminating two waves of powerful clouds floating low above the ground, filled with "lead" gravity. For more than half an hour, the clouds, being opposite each other, seemed to be fighting among themselves - lightning flashes continuously jumped between them. The strongest peals of thunder and the extraordinary fury of the natural elements sent a rumor around the village about the onset of the "atomic end of the world." Frightened old women hid with their neighbors: it’s not so scary to die together. Even the Hydrometeorological Center will later confirm that there were no such thunderstorms in the Kursk region for the entire period of long-term observations.
A few days after a terrible thunderstorm over Ushakovo, there was a brief but unprecedentedly heavy snowfall. So dense that nothing could be seen a meter ahead. As if the clouds had descended to the earth The next day, March 5, 1999, turned out to be really warm and springy, streams ran. Delighted and reassured, people poured out into the street to divert melt water from their houses.
Suddenly, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, a terrible roar was heard from the direction of the pond, located near the village. It lasted several seconds. Many saw how on the opposite slope of the beam, 50 meters from the water, a column of fire shot up into the air along with huge blocks of frozen earth. He rose to a height of more than 10 meters. The earth shook like an earthquake. The visiting fishermen sitting on the pond seemed to have been blown away by the wind. Several local old-timers were 200 meters from the explosion site. The old women started to run.
Molten particles in the form of luminous balls (like hail) reached the surface of the pond and, hissing, sank into the snow and ice. When part of the earth raised into the air sank into a funnel, eerie bubbling sounds were heard from the resulting crater, the hiss of a mixture of water and steam escaping to the surface. Then a column of boiling water shot up with a roar - the "geyser" gushed for 1.5 hours. A hot stream rushing along the shore formed a ravine in the frozen earth, about a meter wide and about a meter deep. When he reached the pond, the snow and ice began to melt - everything was covered in steam. The thick ice floes melted. Melted at high temperature, small rock particles left depressions in the ice with a diameter of up to 5 centimeters and a depth of 4–7 cm.
The villagers thought that some unprecedented cataclysms had occurred in nature. Caught in belated horror, people immediately left the street. Only one elderly veteran, hiding behind the trees near the pond, continued to watch. And when the "geyser" hit, he ran to tell his wife about the real doomsday.
Two hours later, a second explosion thundered on the pond. From the center of the funnel, a black stream of dirt shot up into the air, already without a flame. Again bubbling sounds with the release of steam ... Ushakovites were ready to believe that the bowels had opened up and the end of the world had begun. Someone said that if the crater becomes clogged, there will be a "volcano effect" - an eruption of red-hot lava will begin. The news quickly spread through the village. They spent the night without sleep, some people packed their things for evacuation.
The next day everything was quiet, the volcano did not form. But as soon as the inhabitants of Ushakovo calmed down, from somewhere in the depths of the earth's firmament there was such a strong and long rumble that everything trembled under their feet, and the windows in the windows of houses located even a kilometer from the pond vibrated and rang strongly. There was no explosion, but frightened people reported the incident to the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Meteorite or earthquake?
The Kursk rescuers who arrived in Ushakovo on March 10 determined that the depth of the crater was 6 meters, the area was 13x8 m. The ejection of soil towards the pond amounted to 300–400 tons, much more earth fell into the funnel after the explosion. The radiation survey showed elevated level gamma radiation - 20 μR / h - 2 times more than the natural background of this area. Nothing abnormal was found in the soil samples. Measurements of the crater showed that a ditch formed from the funnel to the pond, washed hot water in frozen ground a meter deep and 55 meters long.
One of the first about the events in Ushakovo became known to the newspaper "Friend for a friend". Communication with specialists led to the opinion that explosions and the flow hot water can be associated with a crack inside the Earth and a fiery ejection from it. Biosensorometric studies have confirmed this version. Explosions could repeat until May 1999, when the period of the linear arrangement of the planets began. At this time, strong gravitational disturbances in the earth's crust are possible. Tentatively, they could be directed towards the Soviet region.
1. Frozen pond. 2. Intraterrestrial crack. 3. Aquifer. 4. Plasmoids ("exit" to the surface of the earth and into the aquifer). 5. Funnel filled with earth after the explosion 6. Remaining crater. 7. Outdoor land release. 8. Ejection of a fiery column with soil. 9. Funnel. 10. Trajectory of melted particles. 11. The release of water from the aquifer into the pond.
On March 18, the Ministry of Emergency Situations received reports from two districts about 8 new explosions. The movement of the "underground charge" near Fatezh continued in a straight line. Seven "exits" to the surface are located 5-10 kilometers from each other and from the first funnel. The 8th occurred in the village of Lobazovka, Oktyabrsky District, about 50 kilometers from Ushakovo and 20 kilometers from the Kursk NPP. The dimensions of the funnel in the ravine near Lobazovka are 40 meters, the depth is 8, the length of the collapse with the ejection of soil is 120 m. The ejection of earth is several tens of thousands of tons. The dimensions of the new craters in the Fatezhsky region are 15x5 meters, the depth is 3 meters.
The local population was asked about the possible presence of ammunition and explosives left over from the war in the ground. People shook their heads. Mine detectors did not find a single metal piece in the places of explosions. Many versions appeared in the media: from a banal landslide of soil to a meteorite fall, tests of super-secret weapons and tricks of aliens.
Later, the Kursk fishermen who witnessed the first explosion, and the inhabitants of Ushakovo, remembered that they had seen a strange phenomenon on the pond more than once. Not far from the shore, small heights, but large diameter, seething fountains arose - the water took on a red color in half an hour. At that time, no one checked the temperature, they thought that another powerful stream broke through from the aquifer, located among iron oxides.
Output of plasmoids
The Kosmopoisk expedition, which worked in the Kursk region in May 1999, came to the conclusion that the main cause of the explosion in Ushakovo was the course of internal earth processes. Probably, a geoactive fault is located along the line of river channels. Melted rock particles showed that the explosion was accompanied by temperatures above 1000 degrees. Analyzing geographic Maps, it can be assumed with a high degree of certainty that there is a crack along the line of location of rivers and paleovalleys, as well as the locations of explosions in the earth's crust.
The gravitational influence on the displacement of the blocks of the earth's crust along the geotectonic fault was exerted by planets located on one side of the Sun. The crack was cleared of the rock that had clogged it. Spring waters leaked there, falling on a powerful electric discharge flowing in the depths from the natural magnetohydrodynamic generator of the Earth. The fuse was the instantaneous evaporation of water, the creation of enormous pressure and a steam breakthrough to the surface with a powerful explosion and ejection of soil. At the same time, a steam explosion tore off a plasma clot from an energy discharge, throwing it to the surface of the Earth.
The so-called plasmoid is an intraterrestrial ball lightning With high temperature and a charge of great power. Moving along the channel inside the Earth, it melts and destroys the surrounding rocks. If rocks containing graphite or coal are encountered along the way, diamonds may form. Breaking through to the surface of the Earth, the plasmoids explode, causing huge ejections of the earth and melting the ice. When they move through powerful aquifers, instantaneous evaporation of water occurs within a radius of several hundred meters. Created high pressure, and following the release of the plasmoid, steam and hot water fly out, causing a small earthquake and a gradually fading powerful vibration. More than half of the earth thrown up after each explosion falls into the funnel. Gradually the crack is filled. But after a while, water seeps into it again - repeated emissions of plasmoids occur. They are possible along the entire line of the geotectonic fault.
The Kursk region is located on a hilly area. The origin of the hills is associated with the deformation of the earth's crust, which caved in from the pressure of the accrued multi-kilometer thickness of ice during the great glaciation and straightened out after the movement and melting of glaciers. Due to deformation in the crystalline crust of the basement, numerous geotectonic cracks and faults were formed, closed from above by many kilometers of rock layers.
Cosmopoisk expert opinion (Vadim CHERNOBROV, http://themystery.narod.ru)
If meteorites fell so thickly at the same time, surely someone would have seen them. The Committee on Meteorites of the Russian Academy of Sciences explained: when a meteorite falls with SUCH a funnel, there are eyewitnesses even in the dead of night.
Repeated explosions after some time cannot be explained by the impact of another meteorite - the Earth rotates, and the stream would be bombed much further to the west. But the main proof is that not a single particle of meteorite bodies was found. As well as signs of burnt explosives, the area was surveyed by mine detectors by specialists from the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The version with movements of the earth's crust, as geophysicists later argued, is quite possible, since the riverbeds of the northern part of the Kursk region are just located in the Precambrian faults. But confirmation of geological shifts has not been received.
The version remained official that the craters were formed due to "ordinary landslide phenomena." It was issued by members of the commission of the Ministry of Emergency Situations - researchers of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agriculture and Soil Protection from Erosion. But the earth taking off, the emissions of hot water and steam are not typical for landslides.
Micro-earthquakes can theoretically occur in one place so that remote seismic stations will not record it. But at the same time, the appearance of funnels in 8 places is impossible - on such a large area, a micro-earthquake will not stir the soil. And the recorders would definitely have noted big tremors ... Seismic stations confirmed: there was a jolt. But not like those that an earthquake leaves.
Conclusion of the Main Directorate for Civil Defense and Emergencies of the Kursk Region: “The explosion was probably caused by an object carrying high kinetic and thermal energy. Judging by the direction of the ejection of soil, the fall of the object took place from the south direction. The melting of the coastal part of the ice on the pond is possible due to the ingress of object particles onto it. Burnt holes were observed in ice blocks scattered around the funnel and hanging over the edges of the crater. Based on the increased radiation in the funnel zone relative to the surrounding background, it should be assumed that the explosion was caused by a meteorite fall. Subsequent explosions are the result of the release of steam or the ignition of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen during the decomposition of water from high temperature ... "
Something broke through the frozen ground, hitting a tangent from above, but leaving no debris or fragments behind. Not a meteorite, not a plane or something aircraft they are not capable of this, even armored attack aircraft crumble from hitting the ground. Unless, if it was something stronger than a steel blank weighing several tons, flying and, moreover, still disappearing immediately after the impact!
Soil scientists, who did not agree with the conclusions about the external impact, remained unconvinced - the blow was not from above, but from below, and groundwater became the main striking force. Why they heated the soil to a temperature of more than a thousand degrees (according to the study of samples in Moscow laboratories), the reports do not say.
CHRONICLE OF MYSTERIOUS EXPLOSIONS
April 1961 On the shore of Korb Lake near the Tuksha River (Russia), a forester found a strange funnel - about 1,500 cubic meters of frozen earth disappeared in the most mysterious way. Part of the soil was at the bottom of the lake, and under it... crushed pieces of ice of an inexplicably bright green color and also small hollow black balls. Experts came to the conclusion from some "not": not an explosion, not a meteorite, not a karst phenomenon, not ball lightning ...
May 1967 Mysterious pits appeared in a clover field (Marlian, France), and a strange purple substance appeared in them. Chemical analysis showed that these are fused crystals of quartz and aluminum oxide. These substances melt at temperatures above 1500 degrees Celsius. And the clover leaves near the pits weren't even scorched...
1968 Sweden. Two fishermen saw in the ice of Lake Uppramen a huge hole of a strikingly even triangular shape, the ice from which was scattered far around, as if from a powerful explosion. Divers, having sank to the bottom of the lake, found a scaly structure of a substance of unknown origin there. When examining other lakes in the same area, similar triangular polynyas were discovered ...
On April 12, 1991, on the outskirts of the town of Sasovo (Ryazan region), a powerful explosion was heard, doors were torn out in the houses, walls were destroyed, glass in the windows was knocked out within a radius of several kilometers ... There were many versions: “sacks of saltpeter, folded for fertilizer on the field, exploded ”, “a military aircraft from a nearby airfield dropped a bomb”, “a meteorite fell”, “made an emergency landing of a UFO”. A local eccentric came with a confession, "confessing" that he personally bombed Sasovo when aliens allegedly took him on board a UFO. Not dwelling on any of the hypotheses, scientists and "specialists" dispersed. Only a huge funnel remained - about 30 meters in diameter, 4 meters deep. Soon it filled with water, glass was inserted in the houses, and the incident was forgotten. Not for long.
In June 1992, a new funnel was discovered 6 kilometers from the same Sasovo. The dimensions are again considerable - 12 m in diameter and 4 m deep. Everything is the same as last time, only there is no information about the explosion - no one heard a roar, did not see a flash or a glow ...
In May 1994, on the slope of a ravine near the Kursk nuclear power plant, 2 fresh funnels appeared with a diameter of 7–8 and a depth of 3 meters. The force of the explosion was equivalent to about a half-ton bomb, but no traces of explosives or shrapnel were found. Most of the earth thrown out of the funnels also disappeared without a trace. The day before, local residents saw a UFO in the form of a fiery body over this place, then some pillars of fire appeared in the sky, and only then two distant explosions sounded ...
Up ▲ — Reader reviews (2) — Write a review ▼ - Print version
11.11.2011 | May 16, 2011, 20:36:18 |
Masyanya | October 8, 2011, 03:00:32 PM |
e-mail: [email protected] |
In Kursk, in the area of Gremyachenskaya Street, an explosion occurred at an electrical substation. Half of the Northwestern microdistrict was left without electricity. There is also no light on a number of streets in the city center and in the KZTZ microdistrict. This was reported in the press service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Kursk region.
According to preliminary data, the explosion occurred due to short circuit, which caused partial destruction of electrical units.
The city of Kursk borders on Ukraine (Sumy region), the 4th largest nuclear power plant in Europe is located in the region.
Eyewitnesses recorded footage of the explosion. There is no information about the victims yet.
According to eyewitnesses, the explosions took place at a substation in the area of the "new Schotmash". The process of "activation of protection" was captured by several Kuryans. For a person unfamiliar with the nuances, the process of "operation" looks like explosions. As a result of an emergency situation, most of the residential buildings in the North-West of Kursk were left without electricity. The lighting of the TV tower was switched off. For some time, cable TV and cellular communication stopped working. As residents of NW reported, plumbers began to forcibly drain water from the heating system - in order to avoid “defrosting”. There was no light in several shopping malls and this circumstance gave rise to many cases of robberies. The situation began to stabilize after an hour. Electricity began to flow into homes in the Northwest, interruptions in telephony and television stopped. The ORTPTS tower and the pipes of the NW heating plant are still without mandatory illumination. There is no heat in the batteries of the apartments.
Residents of the northwestern region of Kursk were left without electricity due to a short circuit, which was accompanied by a bright flash and glow. Many thought it was an explosion, someone thought it was a fire, and there were those who saw a sign from above in this phenomenon. The flash, which frightened the whole of Kursk, turned out to be an electrical short circuit. On Monday, at about 19:00, the inhabitants of Kursk witnessed an unusual phenomenon. Some citizens managed to capture a bright flash, similar to an explosion, which lit up the sky for several seconds. The footage shows that people filming the flash are frightened and take what happened for an explosion.
Run away from home! - Strongly advises the voiceover to others. As soon as the outbreak disappeared, the electricity in the entire North-Western region also disappeared. - We had a short circuit, however, the protective systems worked and there were no incidents. Now electricity is already being supplied, ”Elmira Bobryakova, a representative of the local energy company, told MK,“ we didn’t have any explosion, much less a fire. There were some problems at the substation.
As it turned out, the substation belongs to IDGC CENTER, whose representatives said that everything that had happened was the result of a short circuit, which created a bright flash. At 19.10 at the substation 110 kV "Schetmash" as a result of a short circuit, there was a violation of the power supply to consumers. Rescue teams were promptly dispatched to the scene of the accident. Within 58 minutes, the power supply to all consumers was restored, - Yevgenia Fisenko, an official representative of IDGC CENTER, told MK. to put out the flames.