ENT department of expert level. Extraction of foreign bodies from ENT organs
Electroradiography of ENT organs began to be used after the invention of special plates (selenium and others), which replace the x-ray film. Electroradiography is also based on the use of x-rays, but it is much cheaper, as it eliminates the need for expensive silver (on x-ray films). The method is also attractive in that the image of the organ under study can be obtained within 2-3 minutes and can be applied to plain paper an unlimited number of times.
Most often electroradiography used to diagnose pathological conditions of the paranasal sinuses or fractures of the bones of the nose.
Image on paper it turns out clear, contrasting. Details of the structure of bone structures are well transmitted. The picture clearly shows pathological changes in the mucous membrane, bone walls of the sinuses. Electroroentgenography uses the same laying of patients as in standard x-ray studies.
Ultrasound of ENT organs
Significant progress in medicine achieved with the introduction into its practice of the achievements of radio electronics and physics. Thus, widespread use in the diagnosis of diseases internal organs received ultrasound biolocation. The method proved to be effective also in the diagnosis of certain diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The expediency of using ultrasound in diagnosing the pathology of the paranasal sinuses has been proved. Currently, ENT rooms of polyclinics are equipped with various types such devices.
Method ultrasonic dowsing based on the registration of reflected signals at the boundaries of media and tissues, different in density. In particular, the density of the tissues of the head is different, therefore, their acoustic resistance is also not the same, and hence the speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves in them. Air is an absolute obstacle to the ultrasonic wave, so it goes around the air sinuses and is not reflected on the echogram. If there is pus or other liquid, polyps or a tumor in the cavity, they are visualized on the echogram.
For getting ultrasound image a thin layer of petroleum jelly is applied to the skin of the cheek or forehead and the sensor is pressed tightly. Depending on the state, for example, of the maxillary sinus, an image of a curve is obtained on the device screen, the shape and location of which depend on the nature of the pathological changes.
The method is simple informative and harmless to the patient. It allows the otorhinolaryngologist to carry out quick and high-quality diagnostics, which is very important for timely and effective treatment. Ultrasonic dowsing is especially indicated during preventive medical examinations.
Repeated echolocation in the process of treatment allows us to judge its effectiveness, the need to change therapy and the timing of its termination. The method can be applied for the dynamic monitoring of patients who are registered with the dispensary.
Timely diagnosis of ENT diseases allows you to protect a person from many negative consequences that can reduce the immune potential and lead the body to serious irreversible changes, affecting areas such as the heart, kidneys and joints.
Recently, one of the most promising and modern areas in the field of otolaryngology has been the use of ultrasound. Ultrasound for ENTs made it possible not only to conduct studies that allow us to assess the stage inflammatory process, but also to speed up the patient's recovery time, while avoiding complications and, often, surgical intervention.
Modern ultrasound equipment makes it possible to carry out diagnostics by scanning with a high frame rate per second, which makes it possible to observe the movement of organs in real time. It is from such scans that one can draw the correct conclusions about the location, size and shape of the diagnosed organ. In addition, ultrasound for ENTs is able to detect diffuse seals of organs, detect cavities with liquid in them, and also find tumor-like formations and foci of seals. For example, if an X-ray is unable to detect a tumor, when its density is one and a half to two times different from the density of healthy tissue and, often, is already inoperable, then ultrasound sees this formation much earlier.
Ultrasound diagnostics in the presence of inflammatory processes in the ear, otitis media and external otitis makes it possible to prevent a number of complications, such as irreversible hearing loss of the patient (conductive and sensorineural hearing loss), allowing at an early stage of the disease to eliminate the focus of the pathology that has arisen, remove pain and save hearing.
The main advantages of ultrasound diagnostics for ENTs can be considered its non-invasiveness and relative safety. Experts have no doubt that ultrasound diagnostics is much safer for a person than X-ray examinations, and the value of ultrasound diagnostics is much higher. The non-invasiveness of ultrasound in otolaryngology allows diagnosing children of any age, the elderly and patients in serious condition without any problems. In addition, ultrasound diagnostics can be carried out exactly as many times as necessary.
When carrying out diagnostic procedures, ultrasound affects the processes that determine the permeability of biostructures and the subsequent transport of a substance through the membrane. In the vast majority of cases, ultrasound for ENTs in modern otolaryngology is simply necessary, since under its influence the permeability of the skin barrier and cell membranes increases significantly due to the fact that mechanical loosening occurs connective tissue and depolymerization of hyaluronic acids. Microflows are formed inside the cells, which move the intracellular formations and expose the enzymatic centers. In connection with these changes, the functional activity of cells increases sharply and their perception of physical, chemical and pharmacological processes of exposure increases. It is for this reason that ultrasound for ENTs not only allows you to determine the focus of the disease as accurately as possible, but greatly increases the therapeutic effect of any otolaryngological disease.
With the help of modern ultrasound machines, an ultrasound examination of the sinuses is carried out - this happens using a special ultrasound sensor. One of the most promising areas in the use of low-frequency ultrasound is the rehabilitation of inflammatory foci. Ultrasound diagnostics of the mucous membrane of the ear cavity and nasopharynx is carried out using a variety of waveguides-instruments that will fully correspond to the anatomical and functional features of the patient's ENT organs.
Ultrasound of the ENT organs is successfully used to diagnose the pathology of the sinuses and nose, larynx, and pharynx. The study is absolutely safe and widely used in the diagnosis of men and women, young children and pregnant women due to the elimination of any risks to the body.
Electroradiography - what is it
The procedure of electroroentgenography began to be applied using selenium plates, which successfully replaced the usual x-ray film. The method is also based on X-ray radiation, but excludes the use of silver on X-ray films, therefore it is a more accessible diagnostic method.
The image can be obtained in a few minutes and applied to plain paper as many times as needed. Electroradiography is most often prescribed to diagnose pathologies of the bones of the nose and nasal septum, or paranasal sinuses.
The image of the paranasal sinuses is contrasting and clear, the details of the structures and their structure are well transmitted. Visible pathological changes in the presence of those in the mucous membranes, bone walls and sinuses.
What organs can be examined
Ultrasound diagnostics in otolaryngology is most often prescribed for the study of:
- Nasal sinuses - the sensor is placed on the bridge of the nose and forehead, cheeks and wings of the nose;
- Larynx and throat - the front of the neck is examined from the submandibular region to the collarbone.
Sensors for work are small, pre-lubricated with gel and applied to the area under examination for comfortable sliding. The patient can be in a sitting or lying position. If fluid is detected in the sinuses in the supine position during ultrasound of the ENT organs in the sinuses, the patient may be asked to take a sitting position to determine the volume of fluid.
When is an examination scheduled?
Ultrasound of the ENT organs is prescribed for complaints of discomfort, squeezing sensations, shooting pains, respiratory disorders, and vision. The need for an ultrasound of the throat is due to the following symptoms:
- Hardness in the throat;
- Constant feeling of a coma in the larynx;
- Oncological tumors in the throat or larynx;
- Ulcers in the throat, an unpleasant smell;
- Severe sore throat with high fever;
- Inflammation of the larynx;
- voice change, difficulty speaking;
- Prolonged cough without expectoration.
Ultrasound of the throat allows in these cases to clarify the diagnosis or refute it, to determine the degree of development of the disease.
Referral for diagnostics
Heading to, the patient must definitely get a referral. It is issued, sometimes by a surgeon or endocrinologist. A referral is issued for a neck scan or examination thyroid gland. The results obtained give doctors the opportunity to determine the cause of pain and discomfort, to begin timely treatment.
In diagnostic centers, a neck scan is performed daily in the direction, although in fact the larynx and throat are examined. Perhaps the wording of the larynx examination is not entirely correct from a medical point of view, therefore neck scanning solves this dilemma and allows diagnosing diseases of the larynx and throat on ultrasound.
What can the survey show?
An ENT doctor prescribes a neck examination instead of an ultrasound of the throat to assess the condition of all tissues and structures in the problem area, and not just the larynx or throat. When diagnosing, evaluate:
- The structure and surface of the larynx and throat sections, specifying the presence of seals or neoplasms;
- Oropharyngeal lumen and uniformity;
- Space around the larynx;
- The state of the investigated walls;
- Condition of the lymph nodes;
- The presence of neoplasms - cysts, abscesses, adenomas, tumors;
- The presence of foci of the inflammatory process.
The data of the ultrasound examination supplement the information obtained during the visual examination of the ENT. The doctor prescribes new scheme treatment or correct previous therapy tactics. A decision may be made on additional methods of examination - MRI, CT, biopsy and others.
How is an ultrasound of the larynx and neck performed?
Ultrasound of the larynx begins with the release of the neck area from scarves, collars, and precious jewelry. Then the patient is placed on the couch near the apparatus for ultrasound of the throat. The doctor applies a transparent conductive gel to the examination area - it is harmless to the skin and is designed to comfortably glide the probe and increase the conductivity of ultrasonic waves.
The sensor moves over the entire throat area, and the specialist observes the image transmitted to the screen. As a result of the examination, a conclusion is drawn up containing the indicators of the norm and the indicators found in the patient - they may or may not coincide with the norm.
No special preparation is needed before an ultrasound of the larynx or throat. It is enough not to use any ointments and creams on the study area a day before the ultrasound. Pregnancy and childhood are not contraindications for ultrasound of the larynx or throat.
How the method works
Ultrasound of the larynx and throat - effective method early diagnosis of many diseases, such as cysts, neoplasms, seals, calcium deposits, bone and cartilage structure disorders.
In general, the technique can be described as follows:
- The sensor delivers ultrasound of a certain wavelength;
- Ultrasound penetrates the skin;
- Bone, connective and cartilage reflect it;
- Reflection intensity is displayed with different intensity on the screen.
Different tissues have different acoustic impedance capabilities, so cartilage and connective tissue structures do not show the same shade on ultrasound. Air can become an obstacle to the ultrasound wave, because the wave goes around the sinuses filled with air. Accordingly, they are not displayed on ultrasound, but when abscesses or tumors form in them, the latter are clearly visible, since these formed structures can already exhibit acoustic resistance to the ultrasonic wave.
Where to get tested
Examination of the throat or larynx using ultrasound diagnostics is possible in such institutions:
- Diagnostic centers;
- Clinics and polyclinics;
- Centers for functional diagnostics of ENT organs;
- Specialized otolaryngological clinics.
Today, an ultrasound diagnostic room is located in almost any clinic; complex diagnostic centers cannot do without it. To examine the larynx or throat, you must contact the ENT and get a referral for an ultrasound.
ENT (otolaryngologist) is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the ear, nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx in adults and children.
Ear, nose and throat diseases are among the most common human diseases. Since the ENT organs are located close to each other and are functionally interconnected, complex treatment is required in many cases. Inattention to the first symptoms (sore throat or ears, enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, difficulty in nasal breathing) can lead to the spread of the inflammatory process and the development of complications.
Timely appointment with an otolaryngologist and the treatment prescribed by him will allow you to quickly restore health and avoid problems in the future. If you need an appointment with an otolaryngologist in Moscow, please contact JSC "Family Doctor". You can make an appointment with a highly qualified specialist at any convenient time. Surgical treatment of ENT diseases is carried out in our Hospital Center and Surgical Hospital.
With what diseases should you go to the ENT doctor?
The competence of the ENT doctor includes diseases that require both therapeutic and surgical treatment, including:
infectious diseases accompanied by damage to the upper respiratory tract;
nose, ear and throat injuries;
deformation of the nasal septum;
smell disorders;
diseases and injuries of the paranasal sinuses;
pharyngitis - inflammation of the pharynx;
tonsillitis - inflammation of the palatine tonsils;
laryngitis - inflammation of the larynx;
tracheitis - inflammation of the trachea;
otitis - inflammation of the outer, middle and inner ear;
hearing impairment;
balance disorders associated with ear diseases;
You may need to see an otolaryngologist if you experience symptoms such as
runny nose, sneezing, nasal discharge, itchy nose;
smell disorders;
frequent nosebleeds;
pain in the nose, throat, or ear;
labored breathing;
swallowing disorder;
extraneous sounds in the ear;
dizziness, prolonged headaches of unknown origin;
When the first symptoms appear, sign up for a consultation with an ENT doctor. Modern methods diagnostics make it possible to detect ENT diseases in the initial stages and reduce the treatment time.
Methods for diagnosing ENT diseases
An outpatient appointment with an ENT doctor in the clinics of the Family Doctor JSC network is carried out using the most diagnostic (including endoscopic) equipment. Along with the collection of anamnesis and instrumental diagnosis of ENT organs, the doctor may prescribe (or conduct) additional studies, including:
For visualization of specific anatomical structures.
- X-ray examination of the pharynx with contrasting with a special substance, which allows to detect foreign bodies, tumors and deformities.
Allows you to get three-dimensional images of the area under study.
And to determine the state of the hearing organs.
It is carried out for those patients who, for whatever reason, cannot give feedback during the study process.
Laboratory diagnostics (the doctor will take biological material from the problem area right at the appointment and transfer it to the laboratory for examination).
Treatment of ENT diseases
Treatment will be prescribed to you immediately - based on the data of the initial examination. At the second appointment, the ENT doctor, having received the results of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics, will, if necessary, make changes in order to achieve the maximum result in the shortest possible time. Treatment prescribed may include methods such as:
drug therapy for ENT diseases.
Hardware for rhinitis and sinusitis.
Allowing you to quickly stop the exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis.
With eustachitis and hearing loss.
According to Politzer for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
You can do an ultrasound scan in Moscow at the Health Territory medical center using modern equipment and get a competent and complete transcript from an experienced doctor.
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The examination perfectly visualizes the internal organs, the brain, large vessels, so it is actively used in diagnostics even in the smallest patients.
Ultrasound at the Tulskaya metro station: how this diagnostic method works
According to the principle of operation, the device is a bit like an echo sounder. Ultrasonic waves propagate in the tissues of the body. Faced with obstacles, they are distorted, reflected or partially absorbed. The device captures changes and, based on them, creates a three-dimensional image of the organs, which displays on the screen. Ultrasound is used to assess the condition:
- abdominal organs: spleen, liver, kidneys, gallbladder, pancreas;
- genitourinary system;
- heart and its individual elements: ventricles, atria, septa, valves;
- large blood vessels of the head and neck;
- organs of vision;
- soft tissues.
Ultrasound is the most common research method in obstetrics and gynecology. The doctor observes the development of the embryo in the uterine cavity and fixes the slightest deviations from the norm.
Ultrasound near the Oktyabrskoye Pole metro station: the advantages of the method
Doctors use ultrasound to clarify the diagnosis, even for newborns, because this method is effective and safe:
- Ultrasonic waves are harmless. It's just a sound that the human ear can't hear.
- The device gives a clear image. The doctor sees even minor pathological changes, so he diagnoses the disease already in the initial stage.
Ultrasound is painless: the patient feels only the cool touch of the device.
Features of the procedure
The procedure takes 15 to 30 minutes. Special preparation is usually not required, but sometimes you need to limit yourself a little:
- Before examining the abdominal organs, do not eat foods that cause active gas formation. The procedure is carried out on an empty stomach.
- The bowel must be emptied before the examination.
- Ultrasound "does not see" hollow organs, therefore bladder at the time of the procedure must be filled.
Types of ultrasound
There are departments of the Territory of Health clinic in the Central Administrative District and Northwestern Administrative District, ultrasound is done in each of them. The medical center conducts:
- Dopplerography is a study of blood vessels and blood flow. Conduct ultrasound lower extremities, vessels of the heart, neck, head.
- Ultrasound of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis.
- Neurosonography - a study of the brain of infants up to a year. The procedure reveals congenital and acquired malformations.
- All types of obstetric research.
- Folliculometry - a study that detects ovulation disorders. Ultrasound is done in series, the interval between procedures is several days.
Each type of examination is carried out by a doctor specializing in a particular field: you get an accurate and reliable result.
Popular questions
Answer: It is worth bringing what you may need for feeding the baby or hygiene procedures: a bottle of water or milk, a diaper change, wipes, a diaper. Put in a bag and your favorite toy so that the baby is not nervous. Check with your doctor if you can feed your baby before an ultrasound. A well-fed baby will calmly oversleep the whole procedure and will not spin.
Will ultrasound show malignant tumors?
Answer: This research method reveals neoplasms: their location, density, size. But ultrasound cannot determine the type of tumor. To obtain this information, the doctor will prescribe additional examinations: laboratory tests, scrapings, biopsy.
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