Additional teeth in the upper palate. Supernumerary teeth - is it necessary to remove them or can they be left? Causes of jaw anomalies
A healthy person can grow 20 milk teeth and 32 permanent teeth throughout his life. However, in medical practice there are cases when, for one reason or another, extra teeth come out in a person. This pathology is called polyodontia, and additional rudiments of teeth with an already formed dentition are supernumerary.
Anomaly in which the number of teeth exceeds physiological norm, is not common and is diagnosed in only 2% of people on the planet (more often in males).
Extra bone formations can appear both in milk bite and permanent; be both completely erupted and. They can be located anywhere: on the dental arch or outside it, on the outer or inner side, as well as on the hard part of the sky. The upper jaw is most often affected by this problem.
Supernumerary and ordinary teeth practically do not differ in their appearance and composition. But the former, often, in their form resemble a spike or a drop. They grow both isolated and connected with permanent teeth. Whole bone masses or processes can also be formed. Sometimes the disease is latent and is detected only when.
Why is it dangerous?
Most often, hyperdontia manifests itself outside the dentition. This directly affects the aesthetic appearance, and is especially noticeable during communication or when smiling. In a person, even with a closed mouth, an unnaturally protruding jaw, not closing or protruding lips, can be externally observed. There are problems with the clarity of speech, lisp.
The formation of occlusion is directly related to polyodontia. The anomaly affects the displacement of permanent teeth, causes problems with biting and chewing food.
There are problems with holding regular ones, which entails the development of infectious diseases. Often the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is damaged, there are inflammatory processes.
In addition, supernumerary bone processes are often located on the path and interfere with their natural development. As a result, an incorrect formation of the dentition occurs, develops.
Why does excess come out in the mouth?
Modern medicine cannot give an unambiguous answer about the causes of the appearance of supernumerary teeth. However, there are several hypotheses explaining the etiology of this anomaly:
- Atavism. It is assumed that polyodontia is a return to the original structure of the dentition, when an increased number of teeth was natural for the ancient human ancestors. The fact that they have six incisors on the lower and upper jaws is considered probable.
- Diseases in the mother during pregnancy. During the maturation of the embryo, a violation occurs in the development of the dental plate, which leads to hyperdontia. It's related to issues endocrine system and various infectious diseases from the expectant mother.
- External factors. Deviations in the formation of tooth germs in the process of intrauterine development can be affected by the medications taken, narcotic substances, alcoholic drinks, smoking.
The exact causes of the disease continue to be studied. But most experts are inclined to the version of the splitting of the tooth germs in the process of embryo development.
Varieties of overcompleteness
Extra teeth in the mouth can develop different ways. Therefore, in dentistry it is customary to classify them according to a number of features and distinctive features.
By origin, polyodontia is divided into two types:
- False. do not fall out, but are firmly located in the bite in people of any age. This anomaly can also be observed in the case of fusion of several adjacent bone processes.
- True. Supernumerary teeth develop due to a genetic predisposition or the influence of negative factors in the process of intrauterine development of the fetus. Accompanied by the formation and eruption of excessive tooth germs.
By location, the following types of disease are distinguished:
- Typical. It is diagnosed in patients with extra teeth located in the main row and not beyond its borders.
- Atypical is less common and is characterized by the appearance of bone processes outside the dentition.
In the photo, supernumerary teeth on an x-ray
When diagnosing a patient with polyodontics, the doctor determines the methods of treatment, which depend on the type and complexity of the disease, as well as the location of extra teeth. Possible ways to eliminate this anomaly are:
- procedures that help facilitate eruption;
- removal of supernumerary teeth;
The process of teething in adults occurs with virtually no symptoms. Usually problems arise only in children.
When assigned to take antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. It helps to take off pain and inflammation of the soft tissues of the palate and gums. Medicines are used in the form of a suspension or suppositories. With severe pain, an anesthetic effect can be achieved thanks to gels and ointments.
Sometimes milk supernumerary teeth do not erupt completely in children, and some of them remain in the jaw tissues. Therefore, you have to influence them with the help of electrical stimulation and special massage.
The need to remove extra teeth arises when they are present in the milk bite, due to the risk of improper development of the jaw bones. You should also get rid of the bone processes outside the dentition, including those that have not yet erupted.
After the child may need the help of a doctor - an orthodontist. This is necessary for:
- correct jaw growth;
- avoiding problems with;
- dentition adjustments.
When the molars are removed, the patient undergoes restoration of the bite. When applied different kinds, and removable plates. This treatment is lengthy and one should prepare for it in advance, first of all, mentally. After all, you will have to constantly wear a corrective apparatus for a long time.
Polyodontia is an abnormal number of teeth. In medicine, this disease is often called hyperdontia, and "extra" dental elements - supernumerary teeth. Research is still being done on why this pathology occurs. Most scientists associate it with disorders in the laying of tooth germs.
ICD-10 | K00.1 |
---|---|
ICD-9 | 520.1 |
MeSH | D014096 |
Nature provides that during a person's life no more than 20 milk and 32 permanent teeth grow, but exceptions occur, and in our time quite often. According to statistics, on average, an anomaly of the teeth occurs in 2% of the world's population, most often in men.
The most common hyperdontia (anomaly in the number of teeth) is an anomaly of the upper incisors. Less common are supernumerary teeth among the lower incisors and in other parts of the jaw. They can be of a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Usually these are small teeth in the shape of a cone.
Extra teeth lead to deformation of the dentition, therefore, supernumerary elements are recommended to be removed. Another reason for removal is that most patients with this pathology lisp.
Only in 2014, two operations were performed, in one of which 80 teeth were removed, and in the other, a record 232 teeth. Until that time, the maximum figure was 37 teeth.
Causes
Medicine has not yet found an exact answer to the question of what are the causes of supernumerary teeth. Scientists put forward several hypotheses at once:
- Atavism. Supernumerary teeth are explained by the fact that the dental system tends to return to the original number of elements laid down by nature. There is evidence that our ancestors had 6 incisors both on the lower and on upper jaws. As a result, many doctors consider atavism to be the cause of the development of polyodontia in humans.
- Splitting of the tooth germ. Also in embryonic period in a child, the activity of the dental plate is disturbed, as a result of which hyperdontia is formed. Violations can be caused by viruses, bad ecology, drugs, medicines prohibited during pregnancy, alcohol and other factors. This hypothesis is now supported more and more often, because recently the disease has been rapidly progressing due to bad habits and bad ecology.
The causes of hyperdontia continue to be investigated. Scientists cannot give an exact explanation for this anomaly, but most of them are inclined to the second hypothesis - the splitting of the tooth germ at the embryonic stage.
The formation of extra teeth today is quite common. According to statistics, 70% of patients have only one extra incisor, in 25% of cases - 2 supernumerary elements, and only 5% of all patients have 3 or more teeth during examination.
Locations of supernumerary teeth
Usually, supernumerary teeth are found even in the milk occlusion, but it is not rare that they are found much later, when the permanent occlusion has already been formed.
The most common place where polyodontia appears is the middle upper incisors, as well as molars, premolars and canines. Much less often, this problem affects the lower jaw. Extra teeth can appear on the dental arch, as well as in the region of the upper palate or in the vestibule of the oral cavity.
What does polyodontia look like?
Quite often, extra teeth are almost indistinguishable from ordinary ones. Not infrequently, they also grow in the form of a drop or a spike. These dental elements can appear both separately and soldered with permanent ones. They can form tooth-like formations and entire arrays of teeth.
Also in medical practice, there are cases when polyodontia was hidden and was detected only with x-rays. Below are photographs of different cases of abnormal development of the number of teeth.
Types of disease
Polyodontia in the oral cavity manifests itself in different ways. By studying the statistics, signs and symptoms of the disease, we were able to qualify the types of this anomaly.
Depending on the origin, the disease is divided into two types:
- False polyodontia. Provides for a milk tooth that does not fall out, regardless of the age of the person. At the same time, it performs its functions, does not create discomfort to the bite, is firmly fixed in the patient's jaw. In addition, adjacent teeth and other anomalies are referred to as a false type of disease.
- True polyodontia. It can be caused by a genetic predisposition, as well as teragenic factors. At the same time, extra molars begin to form in the human jaw.
Science knows cases when milk teeth were found in people aged 50-60 years. However, they did not bother them and functioned normally.
As for the placement of extra teeth, dentists distinguish the following types of diseases:
- Typical hyperdontia. Refers to those patients in whom extra teeth appear only in the dentition and do not go beyond it. Many scientists are sure that this is just heredity, because our ancestors had a more developed dental system than modern people.
- Atypical hyperdontia. It occurs much less frequently and is characterized by the appearance of teeth outside the dentition.
In the case of anomalies with milk teeth, the latter pose almost no threat. On the contrary, such a tooth can last a lifetime. But the permanent indigenous ones, over which supernumerary ones grow, should be removed, if only because it is not aesthetically pleasing.
Often, the patient grows extra fangs or incisors, or even several front teeth at once. In addition to a spoiled smile, the disease can cause serious complications if the necessary measures are not taken in time.
Symptoms of the disease in children
The first supernumerary teeth in children appear before birth or in the first six months of life. The main inconvenience that they cause is the difficulty in feeding.
Polyodontia of milk teeth in older children proceeds with symptoms similar to the eruption of ordinary teeth. At the same time, it is observed:
- temperature rise;
- swelling of the gums in the place where the tooth should erupt;
- pain sensations;
- excessive salivation;
- swelling of the nasal mucosa;
- loose stool.
Symptoms are especially pronounced when extra teeth appear in the upper palate.
If hyperdontia makes itself felt in a two-year-old baby, this can interfere with the formation of normal speech. In turn, due to trauma to the tongue and mucosa, some inflammation constantly appears in the oral cavity.
With the appearance of supernumerary teeth in very visible places in children school age, there may be ridicule towards the patient, which is fraught with the development of psychological problems and complexes in the future.
Symptoms of hyperdontia in adults
Polyodontia affects permanent teeth more often than milk teeth. In an adult, dystopic and impacted supernumerary teeth usually appear.
dystopian called teeth that appear outside the dental arch. Most often they erupt on the lingual surface of the gums and in the palate. With this form of the disease, the patient is characterized by:
- poor pronunciation of sounds;
- noticeable malocclusion;
- change in the usual arrangement of teeth: curvature of the angle at which they grow, as well as their rotation around its axis;
- frequent injury to the oral mucosa and, as a result, its inflammation;
- violation of chewing processes, resulting in problems with digestion.
Among other things, dystopic teeth often cause psychological problems. Due to a non-aesthetic, and sometimes completely unattractive smile, the patient becomes withdrawn and uncommunicative. Psychological problems, in turn, cause chronic diseases of the endocrine, digestive and nervous systems.
Impacted supernumerary teeth are called teeth that do not erupt, but continue to remain in the bone tissue of the human jaw. Often they almost do not make themselves felt before the onset of complications. Dentists diagnose this anomaly during a routine examination of the patient.
Such an anomaly in the number of teeth is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- normal teeth begin to loosen (the condition is considered pathological);
- the bone begins to bulge (if the impacted tooth is too close to the edge of the jaw);
- periodically there are pains of a aching nature.
One of the most difficult is the situation when extra teeth grow in place of impacted third molars. Wisdom teeth cannot germinate and begin to negatively affect the roots of other teeth, which in turn can lead to serious complications.
Consequences of the disease
Polyodontia in humans can often be the cause of retention. This is a phenomenon in which normal teeth cannot erupt due to the fact that supernumerary teeth interfere with them. The former may remain in the jaw or take an abnormal position.
In addition, even if a complete incisor grows earlier than a supernumerary one, the latter will be able to displace it. This will lead to the fact that a person will not be able to chew food normally. And if several extra incisors grow at once, they can cause the loss of permanent teeth.
Polyodontia disease can lead to such pathologies:
- permanent teeth are displaced, and their roots are bent;
- an incorrect bite is formed or the correct bite is broken;
- teeth erupt with a delay or remain in the jaw;
- dentitions are deformed;
- cracks appear, a deep or open bite is formed;
- the mucous membrane is often injured;
- a person begins to lisp, pronounce indistinct words and phrases.
Diagnostics
Examining supernumerary teeth during an X-ray is not as easy as it seems. They can be superimposed along the contour on the permanent ones and remain invisible. In such cases, patients are advised to do computed tomography, which shows a more accurate picture of the disease.
If the extra dental elements have already erupted, the dentist can easily find them. In practice, the erupted supernumerary teeth are found by the patients themselves and already at the initial appointment with the dentist they complain about the pathology.
Treatment of polyodontia
If a person has polyodontia, then in most cases it is necessary to start treatment, which directly depends on the severity, type and form of the disease, as well as on the location of supernumerary teeth.
The patient may be offered the following treatments:
- procedures that facilitate teething (relevant for children);
- orthodontic treatment;
- removal of supernumerary teeth.
Relief of symptoms
Most often in adults, extra teeth erupt without any special symptoms, but for children this can be a problem that needs to be addressed.
Supernumerary teeth are cut with the same symptoms as ordinary teeth, so the treatment for them is the same.
- To lower the temperature, it is recommended to give the baby Paracetamol or Ibuprofen. If the child is very young, these preparations can be used in the form of suspensions or rectal suppositories. In addition to lowering the temperature, these drugs do an excellent job with pain and inflammation.
- To anesthetize the gums, local anesthetics are used - ointments and gels (for example, Calgel, Dentinox, Solocoseryl). These remedies cope well with painful sensations and relieve inflammation a little.
- Adults and children over 2 years old can be treated folk remedies: propolis, honey, decoctions of calendula, chamomile and lemon balm. Some decoctions help reduce pain and relieve inflammation. Folk methods treatment should be used only after consultation with your doctor.
- If milk supernumerary teeth erupted partially, eruption stimulation is prescribed. To do this, apply vibration and electrical stimulation, as well as a special massage.
Extraction of abnormal teeth
Treatment of hyperdontia does not always involve the removal of extra teeth. Only the following are subject to mandatory removal:
- teeth in a milk bite, which impede the growth of permanent teeth and have a bad effect on the development of the jaw system;
- dystopic and impacted teeth.
- located within the dental arch and does not affect the bite;
- does not spoil the aesthetic appearance of a smile and has the shape of a permanent tooth;
- formed correctly, and the adjacent permanent tooth is destroyed.
Regular deletion
If the dentist decided that in a particular case, polyodontia is treated only by removing an extra tooth, the patient should rely on the following procedures:
- First of all, the patient should be sent for x-rays. This is necessary in order to determine the size and number of roots, as well as the ratio of supernumerary and normal teeth.
- After collecting the research, the doctor makes the patient anesthetized and removes extra teeth.
- In some cases, soft tissue sutures may be needed after surgery.
Removal of impacted teeth
In order for the operation to be successful and polyodontia to be cured without any complications, the doctor must fully examine the patient and plan his further actions.
- First, x-rays and/or computed tomography are performed to determine the exact topography of the anomaly.
- Removal is performed under local anesthesia, but there are cases when general anesthesia can be applied to the patient.
- First, the mucous membrane exfoliates, then the bone tissues are opened and the root, as well as the crown part of the tooth, is removed.
- If necessary, bone defects are closed with osteoplastic material, and the mucous membrane is sutured.
After tooth extraction, the patient continues treatment at home: he takes antibiotics (if prescribed by the attending physician), rinses his mouth with antiseptic solutions.
Until the wound heals after the operation, it is not recommended to take too hot, hard or spicy food. Teeth should also be brushed carefully, especially on the operated side.
Orthodontic treatment
The need for orthodontic treatment after the removal of supernumerary teeth is determined by the doctor. Often, both kids and adults tolerate the operation normally and do not require further treatment, but there are exceptions. AT severe cases help is needed to:
- the jaw could develop properly and grow normally (if it is a child);
- over the age of six, the child did not encounter problematic molars;
- correct and align the dentition.
To date, bite correction and alignment of the dentition is very successfully performed with the help of special caps and braces.
Polyodontia is a fairly common disease that is successfully treated in most cases. The earlier the disease was detected, the less the risk of developing negative consequences. At the first symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor.
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Normally, a person in the oral cavity should have twenty milk and thirty-two permanent teeth. It happens that this number significantly exceeds these figures. In dentistry, this phenomenon is called hyperdontia. Also, another designation that defines pathology is supernumerary teeth, as will be shown in the photo below.
Today we will discuss this disease, tell you what causes its appearance and how to treat it.
Hyperdontia
Few people know what this definition is: supernumerary teeth. This phrase is synonymous with hyperdontia and denotes an anomaly in which a person has a large number of teeth in excess of normal.
The disease occurs infrequently and is diagnosed in only 5% of the total population. Of this number of patients, seventy percent have one extra tooth, twenty-five have two, and five have three or more extra teeth growing in the oral cavity. Pathology occurs regardless of the age and gender of a person.
It is worth noting that the disease, when there are many teeth in the mouth, is not individual feature. This is a disease that has a specific code in microbial 10, namely, K00.1.
What anomalies can lead to:
- almost all persons with a similar problem have defects in speech pronunciation;
- violations result in the fact that there is a displacement of healthy adjacent teeth;
- the pathological process entails the appearance of a delay in eruption;
- another complication is diastema, a very impressive distance between the teeth;
- healthy roots often suffer and various pathologies begin to develop;
- often healthy teeth unfold along the axis;
- the last serious violation is the curvature of the bite.
Varieties
Many teeth in a person's mouth are observed:
- in case of a change in natural localization;
- in non-standard areas (for example, on the gums);
- remain in the bone tissue and do not germinate further
The following types of hyperdontia are divided, as shown in the photo:
Dental anomaly hyperdontia
- styloid teeth are formed near the lateral and central incisors on the upper jaw. They are distinguished by a sharp cone-shaped configuration and look very ugly. In addition, they can cause serious injury to the oral mucosa;
- paramolars are located near simple molars in the cheek area;
- fangs appear in the top row;
- premolars grow in on the bottom row.
Canines and premolars occur in very deep and hard-to-reach places. It is possible to diagnose this phenomenon with the help of x-rays.
Clinical signs in children
The main symptom that is observed in this disease is the presence of excess elements in the mouth. They seriously harm the quality of human life., interfere with speaking, eating well, spoiling external data. But, as in children and adults, such anomalies can also manifest themselves in other clinical signs, which we will discuss next.
Temporary teeth in children begin to erupt already in the first year of life. The main manifestations are due to the difficulties breastfeeding. It becomes difficult for the child to take the breast in his mouth and eat milk. The kid becomes too harmful and capricious and does not want to eat. The mother's skin is severely damaged and severe cracks appear.
The clinical manifestations of pathology in children are similar to the symptoms of the growth of healthy teeth and can manifest themselves:
Very difficult signs appear in the process of growth of a supernumerary tooth in a child, as in the photo, in the upper sky. At the age of two, the disease has an extremely severe effect on speech development at the baby. Children pronounce sounds very difficult, which cannot be corrected by speech therapists. In addition, the tongue and mucous membranes are often severely damaged, against which a chronic inflammatory process occurs.
This phenomenon is difficult to tolerate by schoolchildren, they have complexes and problems with social life.
Symptoms in adults
A disease when there are many teeth in the mouth, as in the photo, is more often diagnosed in patients with permanent teeth than with milk teeth. Dystopic teeth are extra teeth that appear out of their natural position. They grow in the area of the sky and the lingual part of the gums.
Hyperdontia is more often diagnosed in patients with permanent teeth than in milk teeth.
Symptoms are manifested by the appearance in the mouth of a person by the presence of extra teeth. At the same time, there are:
- speech disorders;
- anomalies in the normal position of the teeth: reversal, curvature, etc.;
- obvious bite problems;
- mucosal damage involving inflammation in the mouth;
- often hyperdontia contributes to the defeat of chewing ability and digestive disorders.
Anomalies can lead to serious mental problems. So, due to the insufficient aesthetics of a smile, a person fetters himself in conversation and the manifestation of emotions, becomes alienated and notorious.
This leads to the fact that chronic pathologies of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine disorders. Such phenomena in medicine are referred to as psychosomatic diseases.
Impacted teeth do not tend to grow and remain in the bone. A person may not be aware of this until some complications appear.
Symptoms:
- shakiness of healthy teeth;
- swelling of the bone;
- aching pain and discomfort that occurs from time to time.
As complications arise, the symptoms will be characteristic of this pathology.
One of the most severe consequences is the combination of wisdom teeth anomalies. At the same time, an extra element can occupy free space, and the back teeth, which should soon break through, negatively affect the roots and can lead to serious trouble.
Diagnosis and treatment measures
The detection of such an anomaly in the human oral cavity is not difficult. Often, people themselves, upon coming to the doctor, say that they have sprouted a tooth, which should not be in any way.
Difficulties in diagnosis arise in the case of hidden elements. The most reliable and high-quality way to determine the problem is an x-ray. It will clearly show the whole situation and its complexity.
The disadvantage of radiography is the fact that it gives flat images and it is impossible to describe the exact localization of all teeth and roots from it. For these reasons, CT scans are often prescribed to patients.
X-ray is the most reliable and high-quality way to determine hyperdontia
Therapeutic measures for hyperdontia are as follows:
- relief general condition the patient, which is extremely necessary for children and pregnant women;
- surgical intervention: extirpation;
- orthodontic therapy.
Features of treatment in children
This is especially true for children of the younger age category, due to the fact that in adults this pathology is hidden. Since the symptoms in this process are very similar to the manifestations of the eruption process, the treatment method will also be carried out according to one scenario:
- if the body temperature has risen, it is advisable to take an antipyretic pill. This will help get rid of pain and body aches, as well as eliminate the inflammatory process of the soft tissues of the gums and palate;
- local anesthetics have an instant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect;
- for children who have reached the age of two, it is advisable to treat the disease with medicinal herbs and bee products. It is useful to rinse your mouth with healing solutions, prevent inflammation and stop pain.
Sometimes superfluous elements do not appear completely, they germinate partially. Such patients are shown a special massage, as well as electrical stimulation.
Surgery
The prognosis of pathology will depend on many factors:
- all unnecessary dental components are eliminated, which have negative impact on the growth and formation of the jaw;
- all dystopic and impacted species fall under unquestioning removal.
As a rule, the extraction of a fully formed supernumerary tooth in a child is not a problem.
Immediately before the extirpation procedure, it is advisable to take an x-ray to determine the exact number of roots, their size and ratio. After this measure, the specialist anesthetizes and removes the problem. If necessary, sutures are applied after the intervention.
To get rid of an impacted tooth, it is necessary to conduct a detailed examination of the patient and plan the course of events well:
- at the initial stage, X-rays and CT are done in order to identify topography;
- the patient is given an injection with a local anesthetic;
- sometimes, according to indications, general anesthesia is done;
- if necessary, access to the problem area is carried out from the lingual part;
- after extraction of the mucosa, the bone is opened and a manipulation is performed to remove it;
- extensive bone anomalies are covered with special materials, and the mucous part is sutured.
After the manipulation, the person should continue therapy at home. It consists in taking antibiotics and rinsing the mouth with antiseptics.
At the time of hospitalization, you should avoid eating hard, too hot and spicy foods, as well as carry out accurate hygienic cleaning in the pathological area.
Good day! It's time for me to write a review about my adventures with the surgeon
I am a "happy" owner of a non-standard set of teeth. There are 33 of them.
Extraction of a supernumerary tooth.
At the age of twelve, it was time to put on a bracket system, crooked teeth, milk teeth that did not fall out in front. In the picture, the doctors saw a rather rare anomaly in the form of 33 teeth in front.
Supernumerary teeth (hyperdontia) are "extra" teeth. Such an anomaly occurs quite often: 5% of people have more than 32 teeth. At the same time, in 70% of cases one supernumerary tooth grows, in 25% of hyperdontia - 2 teeth, and only 5% of people - 3 or more. In women and men, this anomaly appears with the same frequency.
An emergency operation was scheduled. The milk tooth was removed, and then the gum was cut under the lip and a huge extra tooth was pulled out, which looked more like a fang. Everything took place under local anesthesia, I did not feel pain, I remember that I was very hungry and tired. The gum was sewn up, after a couple of days the threads came out on their own, did not rinse with anything, everything was delayed quickly. In children at this age, everything is quickly delayed. Then a normal tooth erupted, but the entire jaw had to be corrected with a bracket system. A year and a half with an iron in my mouth and a Hollywood smile was my reward. Unfortunately, in those days there were film cameras and each frame was saved, and the pictures remained with the doctor as a benefit and a rare case.
Removing eights. WHY?
Eights got out at the age of 20, the upper ones, the lower ones later, and on the one hand ...
The upper ones got out both at once, crookedly. It was very painful, I experienced what babies experience. Temperature, snot, I wanted to gnaw something so that they would already crawl out.
They gave me pain for several years. The front teeth were slightly crooked.
One lower tooth almost got out (every autumn it climbed with snot and fever), and the second one slept, but from time to time I felt discomfort in the gums. I began to notice changes in the bite and curvature of the lower dentition.
I decided to delete all 8! And rotten tops (they can’t be cleaned) and not quite cut through the bottom ones. It is a well-known fact that it is better to remove teeth before the age of 25, bone tissue recovers faster.
At 28, things didn't go so smoothly.
Removing the top eights.
Removed in city dentistry, free of charge, under local anesthesia.
An injection of Ultracaine into the gum, one movement of the surgeon's hand and they are gone! Then a couple of days do not eat hot and hard. No rinsing and procedures, no pain and discomfort!
That's how they rotted, it's impossible to clean them! Too far away for a brush to reach.
Removing the lower eights.
Removal with complications.
I decided to remove the same in city dentistry, but for a fee. The office is new and everything is modern. I really didn't know what I was getting into...
As you can see, the roots of the teeth are huge:
This tooth can be seen in the picture on the right, it almost completely crawled out, and behind it there is a small cyst. This happens when the tooth has nowhere to grow.
As usual, an injection of Ultracain, an incision in the gums, and in order to pull out a tooth, it must be pressed in and then pulled out. The roots are huge, for some reason it hurt me. But they pulled him out, put gauze with a solution and sent him home. Keep gauze for 30 minutes. After 40 minutes, I spit out the gauze and my mouth filled with blood, pieces of meat also fell out of the gums (sorry for the details). I did not get through to the dentistry, the ambulance said that they would take me to the maxillofacial for the night. I hobbled back, without a queue, my gum was sewn up with one seam, with a hemostatic sponge. And the pieces of meat that fell out were a blood clot. There was no pain, no swelling. A few days later, the wound stank of rotten meat, a strange aftertaste appeared. This complication is called dry socket.
Dry socket syndrome is one of the complications that appears after the extraction (removal) of the tooth. It occurs due to the absence of a blood clot in the alveolus. In this case, a cavity is exposed in which the bone is visible. As a rule, this is manifested by painful sensations on the third day after removal. This complication has more definitions that appear in medical literature: alveolar osteitis and alveolar post-extraction alveolitis.
I went for washing, treatment, fortunately, that there were no antibiotics and the suture was removed after a week.
Overgrown hole in the gum after 8 months. Food was clogged there, I had to use an irrigator and rinses on herbs.
A tooth without rot, but a huge and harmful one, which caused me torment for several years.
Removing the second eight is difficult.
The tooth grew crooked, a little more and the seven would be damaged, and the front teeth would stand up like an accordion ...
On the recommendation of the dentist, I went to the maxillofacial surgeon. I didn’t apply to the state structure anymore, because the last time I had more than enough. We went to the hospital, suddenly there good conditions and doctors? But drunks with swollen faces and other dubious citizens walked in the stinking corridor, we ran out of there like a bullet! Look and that's enough!
I went to the medical center, where there was a surgeon of the highest category, with the practice of a maxillofacial surgeon. The picture shows that the facial nerve is very close, the removal will be difficult!
The doctor gave excellent pain relief! The operation took 1.5 hours. Incision of the gums, parts of the tooth were chipped off so that they could be hooked, then removal, very careful and accurate. The hole was filled with osteoplastic material (bone replacement), 6 sutures were applied.
I decided to do osteoplasty to speed up healing and to avoid gaps in the gums. Until the age of 25, bone tissue is restored quickly and without any osteoplasty, but at the time of the operation I was already over 25.
Osteoplasty allows you to restore the lost volume of the alveolar ridge and thereby prevent further destruction of bone tissue, which will save the patient from further adverse consequences associated with changes appearance and physical health. Osteoplasty is necessarily performed before the installation of implants, if the patient's own bone tissue is not enough.
Once again, no pain! Cheek swelling alert! And they let me go home. 3-4 days bed rest! Soft warm food!
Hero of the occasion (hewn for removal)
Seam on the gum:
First day:
Second day:
Third and fourth day:
It became painful only after moving away from Ultracaine, she began taking painkillers.
Preparations. I was assigned:
Antibiotic for oral administration in tablets (so that there are no complications).
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory for five days (to reduce pain and eliminate inflammation).
Cold on the first day on the cheek (so that it swells less and does not bleed).
Calcium preparation after an antibiotic (for better restoration of bone tissue).
The pain went away after three days. On the third day, the swelling subsided, I slept instantly! Liquid oozed from the seam (this is the norm), the edema went away more and more, I became like a person, not a hamster
It was very difficult to open your mouth for a week, in the early days it was simply not realistic ...
How to eat.
I ate soup-puree and baby food meat and vegetables! Everything is a little warm. On the fifth day, I was able to eat not only liquid, but also soft food. Of course, the mood is at zero for a week, the doctor recommended me to drink cocoa, it does not improve my mood very well.
A day later, I went to dressings, where the wound was washed out with a syringe, treated with ointments, the stitches were removed after a week, the sensations were not pleasant, but it was worth the patience. The internal seam healed and the remnants of the threads came out after three weeks.
About price.
For all the procedures, I ran into 500 dollars. Along with surgery, drugs, dressings...
And this is my collection of eights! I'm extremely glad that they are no more !!
Upper and lower.
Make up your mind! It's not so scary! But just find a good clinic and an experienced doctor. don't repeat my mistakes.
If my review was useful to you, I expect a positive rating
Normally, a baby grows 20 milk teeth, then 32 permanent ones appear in their place, including eights. But sometimes more teeth erupt. Such an anomaly is called hyperdontia and polyodontia, and the extra dental units themselves are called supernumerary. A supernumerary tooth differs from the rest in shape and position in the oral cavity.
The danger of this pathology
As a rule, extra units grow outside the dentition, which affects the appearance of a person. They are especially visible when smiling or communicating. In some cases, even with a closed mouth, a person has protruding lips or a protruding jaw that does not close. In the presence of supernumerary teeth, lisping and speech problems appear.
Hyperdontia also affects the formation of bite. After all, with such a pathology, there are difficulties with chewing and biting off food, in addition, there is a displacement of the molars. Due to the extra dental elements, there are problems with the implementation of constant hygiene procedures in the oral cavity. And without proper care, various diseases of the oral cavity appear.
Quite often, the mucosa is exposed to damage in supernumerary teeth, which leads to inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Because of the units, a person’s dentition is formed incorrectly and the bite is disturbed.
Supernumerary teeth: causes of appearance
The exact cause of this anomaly is still unknown. However, scientists suggest that polyodontia occurs as a result of splitting of the tooth germ or as an atavism.
The appearance of extra bone formations in the mouth is explained by the fact that the dental system is trying to return to the original number of units that were laid down by nature. Our ancestors had 6 incisors on the upper and lower jaws. That is why many doctors are inclined to believe that hyperdontia in some people is nothing more than an atavism.
According to another hypothesis, extra dental units appear when the tooth germs are split. Hyperdontia in this case appears due to a violation of the development of the jaws of the unborn baby in the embryonic period. A supernumerary tooth may also appear due to poor ecology, viral infections, use by the future mother of drugs and alcohol, prohibited medicines during pregnancy and other factors.
Scientists continue to investigate the reasons for this anomaly. They cannot accurately explain the development of polyodontia, but most of them tend to the second hypothesis.
Many people with hyperdontia have only one extra tooth, but in 25% of cases several such elements are observed at once, most often located in the dentition. At the same time, approximately every fifth person with this pathology has a supernumerary impacted tooth.
Varieties of hyperdontia
Such an anomaly is classified into species according to several criteria. Allocate hyperdontia:
- atypical. Supernumerary units appear outside the alveolar sockets, the dentition, and sometimes even outside the oral cavity.
- false. The development of polyodontia is associated with the eruption of fused or double bone formations, as well as with a delay in the loss of milk teeth.
- true. The formation of supernumerary indigenous units is observed.
- Atavistic (typical). Additional dental elements are located within the dentition.
The main symptoms of polyodontia
The eruption of supernumerary units can have different signs in children and adults. For example, some babies are already born with such teeth. It becomes very difficult to feed them, as they injure the nipple during breastfeeding.
When a supernumerary tooth grows in an older child, symptoms such as:
- the appearance of pain at the site of eruption;
- temperature rise;
- in rare cases - indigestion;
- swelling of the upper respiratory tract;
- salivation.
The most difficult to tolerate is the eruption of extra dental elements in the upper palate. When the baby begins to talk, polyodontia has a bad effect on the pronunciation of sounds. On top of that, the tongue and oral mucosa are constantly injured, which provokes the development of inflammatory processes.
How to relieve the unpleasant symptoms of teething extra teeth?
This is true for young children, since adults in most cases do not feel any discomfort when additional dental elements appear in the mouth. Since a supernumerary tooth erupts with the same symptoms as a milk tooth, treatment possible complications will be the same.
If a child has raised teeth during the eruption of extra teeth heat, you should give him "Ibuprofen" or "Paracetamol" in the form of a suspension for oral administration. These drugs help not only to reduce the temperature, but also to eliminate pain, as well as symptoms of inflammation of the soft tissues of the palate or gums.
It is also recommended to use local agents with an anesthetic effect in the form of an ointment or gel when eruption of a supernumerary tooth: Solcoseryl, Dentinox and Kalgel. They have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Babies over 2 years old are allowed to be treated with alternative medicine: bee products (propolis and honey), decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, chamomile, lemon balm). It is also recommended to rinse your mouth with solutions made according to folk recipes. They relieve discomfort and prevent the development of inflammation. But before such treatment, it is necessary to consult a dentist.
Sometimes a supernumerary temporary tooth erupts only partially, and part of its crown remains in the jaw tissues. To make this germ grow, a special massage, vibration or electrical stimulation is performed.
Diagnostic measures
To detect an excess number of teeth in the oral cavity, it is enough for the dentist to perform a visual examination and listen to the person's complaints. But if the supernumerary unit has not cut through, the specialist conducts x-rays to fully study the picture. This study allows you to visualize all dental elements, even supernumerary ones, and also to find out the features of their location.
If it is necessary to study the problem area in different planes, as well as to detect inflammatory processes, the specialist conducts additional diagnostics using computed tomography.
Elimination of pathology
The treatment of hyperdontia depends on many factors - the inclination and location of the supernumerary tooth, the degree of disturbance that it provokes, as well as the period of bite formation.
Extraction of a supernumerary tooth is performed in the following situations:
- The extra unit is cut in place
- Additional bone formation caused the formation of both deep and open.
- Supernumerary dental elements are impacted, and there is no chance of their eruption (distal, medial, vestibular or palatal tilt).
By the way, quite often, just removing an extra tooth is not enough. To restore the integrity of the dentition, resort to the use of orthodontic appliances.
Removal of an impacted supernumerary tooth
Extraction of an extra tooth unit is a surgical procedure, therefore, it is carried out only in a dental clinic. Before performing this procedure, it is not recommended to consume anticoagulants and alcoholic beverages. The day before the removal of an extra unit, the doctor carefully analyzes the results of computed tomography or radiography.
Anesthesia for the extraction of a supernumerary tooth
This procedure is very painful, so the patient is selected based on the volume of surgical intervention, the general condition of the patient and his age.
When a supernumerary tooth is removed from a child not older than 10 years, it is preferable to do general anesthesia, especially in case of traumatic intervention. In the event that a person has nervous disorders, diseases of cardio-vascular system, it is imperative that the extraction of an unnecessary dental unit is carried out in the clinic under general anesthesia. Local anesthesia is indicated for children from 10-12 years old, and even in cases where the operation is not too complicated.
Before removing a supernumerary tooth, the dentist first of all makes an incision in the area of \u200b\u200bit location. As a result, detachment of the mucoperiosteal flap occurs. The dentist then performs the removal of the unwanted tooth unit.
The void that occurs after extraction, the dentist, if necessary, fills with bone artificial material. Then he puts the detached flap in place and carefully sews everything up.
The patient returns home the same day. Of course, within a few weeks he will have to be observed by a specialist. To avoid postoperative complications prescribed an antibiotic. To speed up the healing of the hole, it is recommended to rinse the oral cavity with antiseptics, for example, chamomile decoction or furatsilin.