Gulliver's Journey summary 5 6 sentences. "Gulliver's Travels" reader's diary. Journey to Brobdingnag
"Gulliver's Travels" is a story about the fascinating adventures of the ship's doctor Gulliver, who managed to visit countries with the most amazing creatures.
Summary of "Gulliver's Travels" for the reader's diary
Name: Gulliver's travels
Number of pages: 560. Jonathan Swift. All Gulliver's Travels. Publishing house "EKSMO". 2016
Genre: Novel
Year of writing: 1727
main characters
Lemuel Gulliver- a ship's doctor, a traveler who managed to visit the most amazing countries.
Plot
Having suffered a shipwreck in a strong storm, the ship's doctor Lemuel Gulliver ended up on land inhabited by Lilliputians. Despite his superior height, he found himself a prisoner of the tiny inhabitants. In order to gain some freedom, Gulliver was forced to take an oath of allegiance to the Lilliputian Emperor. The hero helped the ruler win sea battle, and thereby decide the outcome of a long-standing war between neighboring states. Realizing how powerful a tool Gulliver could become, the emperor ordered him to capture the remaining enemy ships, but the giant refused. For disobedience, the Emperor Lilliput ordered Gulliver to be blinded, but he managed to escape.
Further, the ship's doctor ended up in a country inhabited by giants. Because of his tiny size, Gulliver acted as an outlandish animal that can be shown for money. Upon learning of the existence of Gulliver, he was bought out by the queen, who tried to make the life of a tiny man more or less bearable. However, Gulliver became the object of undisguised envy and anger of the court dwarf, who saw him as a dangerous rival. Gulliver had a chance to go through many unpleasant moments, being in the complete power of the monkey. He managed to leave the country of the giants thanks to a chance - an eagle grabbed his house and threw it into the open sea, where the traveler was picked up by a British ship.
The next country that Gulliver managed to visit was a kingdom inhabited by scattered academicians. They were so passionate about science that they did not pay any attention to the surrounding reality. Their misfortune was that all their scientific discoveries were never put into practice, and the country was in deep decline.
Gulliver, having recruited his own team, set off on another voyage. However, the new crew consisted entirely of criminals who abandoned the captain on a lonely island. Gulliver soon found out that it was inhabited by intelligent horses - such intelligent and noble creatures, in comparison with which a person looked like a wild animal. As a result, Gulliver was expelled from the island, and he returned to his homeland.
Retelling plan
- Shipwreck.
- Lilliputian country.
- Gulliver helps the emperor defeat the enemy.
- Disobedience and escape.
- The country of the giants.
- Good queen.
- Dwarf and monkey.
- Traveling with an eagle.
- Kingdom of academics.
- Causes of the decline of the kingdom.
- New crew.
- Noble horses.
- Homecoming.
the main idea
A resourceful, thinking person will not disappear under any circumstances.
What does it teach
The work teaches to be honest, fair, kind. It teaches you not to be afraid of difficulties and never give up, to protect the weak and help those who need help.
Review
The trials that befell Gulliver can break anyone. However, the protagonist has proven that he is a very smart, resourceful and skillful person who does not intend to sit idly by in a difficult situation.
Drawing-illustration for the novel Gulliver's Travels.
Proverbs
- Don't look at appearances, judge by deeds.
- Do not look that small, but with a head.
- Envious for someone else's happiness dries up.
- All is well that ends well.
What did you like
I liked that Gulliver, wherever fate threw him, did not hang his nose and invariably found a way out of even the most difficult and confusing situations.
Novel test
Rating of the reader's diary
Average rating: 4.7. Total ratings received: 80.
Swift J., fairy tale "Gulliver's Travels. Journey to Lilliput"
Genre: fantasy novel
The main characters of the fairy tale "Journey to Lilliput" and their characteristics
- Lemuel Gulliver, surgeon. A brave and resourceful person, smart and kind, always ready to help the weak. Honest and free-spirited.
- Emperor Lilliput. Curious, important, fair, treacherous.
- Skyresh Bolgolam. Admiral Lilliputov. Evil, wicked, cruel.
- Reldresel. Privy Councillor. Cunning and cunning.
- Flimnap. Treasurer, Lord Chancellor. Cruel, envious, jealous.
- Emperor Blefuscu. Cunning and fair.
- After a shipwreck, Gulliver is tied up on the shore.
- He finds himself among the Lilliputians and for some time lives as a prisoner in the capital.
- The Lilliputians are convinced of the kindness of Gulliver and grant him freedom with a number of conditions.
- Gulliver takes away the fleet of the hostile country Blefuscu and puts out the fire in the palace.
- Gulliver has to flee from Lilliput and takes refuge in Blefuska.
- Gulliver finds a boat and sails away to England.
A resourceful person will not disappear under any circumstances.
What does the fairy tale "Journey to Lilliput" teach
The novel teaches to be honest, kind and fair. Protect the weak, help other people. Learn not to be petty. It teaches you to find a way out in any situation and are not afraid of difficulties. It teaches you never to lose hope and love your Motherland.
Review of the fairy tale "Journey to Lilliput"
I really enjoyed this fantasy novel. Its main character, Gulliver, showed himself to be a resourceful, skillful and very intelligent person. At the same time, he always tried to be fair and did no harm to anyone. The description of Lilliput and especially the laws that reign in this country turned out to be very funny. And the reason for the war between Lilliputia and Blefuscu seems to me just idiotic.
Proverbs to the fairy tale "Journey to Lilliput"
Don't look at appearances, judge by deeds.
Do not look that small, but with a head.
Who is longer, that is more visible.
Envious for someone else's happiness dries up.
All is well that ends well.
Chapter 1.
Gulliver was the son of a small landowner from Nottinghamshire, and from the age of fourteen he went to college. Then he studied with a famous surgeon, and studied medicine in the city of Leiden.
After graduation, Gulliver became a ship's surgeon, tried several times to settle on land, but still returned to the sea.
Once Gulliver's ship was wrecked and he escaped alone. He reached the shore and fell asleep from exhaustion.
When Gulliver woke up, he found that he was tied with very small ropes, entangled in them from head to toe. A very small man with a bow climbed up it. Gulliver screamed and the little man ran away. He was not alone. There were a lot of the same tiny people around and they were all shouting something.
Gulliver pulled out one hand and immediately arrows flew at him. He preferred to remain lying still and for a long time he heard some kind of knocking. It turned out that the Lilliputians built a platform nearby, on which several Lilliputians climbed. One of them made a long speech, but Gulliver did not understand anything. He showed signs that he wanted to drink and eat.
The Lilliputians fed Gulliver with very small dishes and tiny bread, and then gave him barrels, which Gulliver drank in one breath.
The Lilliputians explained to Gulliver that he was a prisoner and he was ordered to be taken to the palace to the emperor. Gulliver wanted to object, but changed his mind and fell asleep, as sleeping pills were added to the wine.
The Lilliputians made a huge cart and transported Gulliver to the capital. There he was placed in the largest building, former temple where Gulliver could climb through the doors. Gulliver was chained and the ropes were cut.
Huge crowds of Lilliputians went to look at the unprecedented giant.
Chapter 2
The next day, the emperor himself and his large retinue came to Gulliver. Gulliver lay down to see and hear better, but he did not understand the language of the Lilliputians, and they did not understand any of the languages \u200b\u200bknown to Gulliver.
When the emperor retired, onlookers began to climb on Gulliver, who were chased by soldiers. But still, Gulliver had to extract the curious from his clothes.
A day later, the emperor announced to Gulliver that he would remain a prisoner for the time being, but he would be kept very well. Gulliver promised to behave in an exemplary manner and the emperor promised to release him in due course.
The Lilliputians made an inventory of Gulliver's property and he had to give a saber, pistols and gunpowder. A shot from pistols made a strong impression on the Lilliputians.
Meanwhile, the midgets did not find a telescope and glasses in a secret pocket.
Chapter 3
Gulliver watched the fun of the rope dancers and learned that the one who jumps on the rope higher than the others gets a vacant public position. The ministers also jumped on the rope to show that they had not lost their dexterity.
Another entertainment of Lilliputians was jumping over a stick. The stick was held by the emperor and the minister, and then raised it, then lowered it. The one who jumped best of all received a blue thread, a red thread for second place, and a green thread for third. The Lilliputians wore these threads in the form of a belt.
Gulliver also decided to entertain the Lilliputians and pulled a handkerchief on special sticks. On it, the cavalrymen began to conduct maneuvers. Everyone liked this fun until one horse tore the handkerchief. Then Gulliver decided to stop this entertainment.
A couple of weeks later, a mysterious black object was delivered from the seashore, which turned out to be Gulliver's hat. Gulliver was very happy about this.
And the emperor several times staged parades between Gulliver's spread legs.
Gulliver himself asked for freedom many times, and finally it was granted to him, despite the resistance of the harmful admiral Skyresh Bolgolam. Gulliver had to sign the terms of release, but they undertook to feed him with food that 1728 Lilliputians could eat.
Chapter 4
Having received freedom, Gulliver decided to explore Mildendo, the capital of Lilliput. He easily stepped through the houses. The city had a quadrangular shape and lived in it about five hundred thousand people. The houses were three and four stories high.
The Imperial Palace was located in the center of the city and was surrounded by a low wall. But then there were three rows of inner houses, very high and Gulliver could not step over them.
To inspect the imperial chambers, Gulliver had to make himself two stools from huge trees and step over tall houses from stool to stool.
So Gulliver was able to inspect the chambers of the emperor and even kissed the hand of the empress.
Two weeks later, the Privy Councilor Reldresel arrived at the Gullivers, who said that Lilliput had two problems.
First internal. These are two warring factions, the Tremexens and the Slemexens, who differ in the height of the heels they wear. The emperor belongs to the Low Heels Party, but the heir has a craving for the High Heels Party. And both parties strongly hate each other.
But there is also an external enemy - Blefuscu. This is an island on which an empire hostile to the Lilliputians is located.
There live people who, in the old fashioned way, break boiled eggs from the blunt end, although even the grandfather of the current emperor ordered to break boiled eggs only from the sharp end. And between Blefuscu and Lilliputia there is a constant war.
And now Blefuscu has assembled a huge fleet and is preparing to invade Lilliput.
Gulliver replied to the adviser that he was ready to defend the country, but would not get into a showdown between parties.
Chapter 5
The island of Blefuscu was separated from Lilliput by a small strait, the greatest depth of which did not exceed 6 feet. Gulliver saw through a spyglass fifty ships and many transports that were waiting only for a fair wind to attack Lilliput.
He demanded ropes and steel hooks, which were too thin. But Gulliver tied them together and received fifty ropes with hooks.
Gulliver crossed the strait and, under a shower of arrows, tied up all the ships. He had to wear goggles to keep the arrows from gouging out his eyes. Then Gulliver cut the anchors and dragged the entire fleet to Lilliput.
The emperor was waiting for the end of the sortie on the shore. He saw the approaching fleet, but did not notice Gulliver in the water. Therefore, for a short time, panic set in. However, Gulliver shouted "Long live the Emperor of Liliput!", and the panic stopped.
For this operation, Gulliver received the title of Nardak, the highest in the country.
The emperor wanted Gulliver to drive the rest of Blefuscu's ships in the same way, but he refused, not wanting to be the reason for the enslavement of an entire people.
After that, the emperor began to treat Gulliver coolly.
Soon a favorable peace was concluded between Lilliputia and Blefuscu, and the ambassadors of Blefuscu praised Gulliver in every possible way and invited him to visit their country.
And soon Gulliver managed to extinguish the fire in the imperial palace in a very unusual way. The fire threatened to burn down the entire building and Gulliver urinated on it so profusely that the fire was extinguished.
However, after this incident, the empress harbored a grudge against Gulliver, who refused to return to the rooms saved from the fire in such an extravagant way.
Chapter 6
The inhabitants of Lilliput were just over six inches tall, and everything else in that country was just as small. They buried the dead head down, wrote the pages obliquely. Lilliputians did not like scammers, and if the denunciation was false, the scammer would face severe punishment. More than thieves, Lilliputians disliked swindlers and usually punished them with death.
But strict observance of the laws was rewarded, exemplary Lilliputians received a monetary reward.
When choosing a person for any position, preference was given to his moral qualities than mental ones. Ingratitude in Lilliput was considered a serious crime.
Children in the country were brought up in educational institutions and it was believed that children did not owe anything to their parents. Although parents were obliged to pay for the upbringing of children, who were given the right to visit their children twice a year. Boys and girls are brought up separately, with the exception of the children of workers and peasants, who received no education at all.
Gulliver was sewn new suit, served by 300 chefs. And once the emperor came to dinner with Lord Chancellor Flimnap, who cast hostile glances at Gulliver. He was dissatisfied with the spending into which Gulliver introduced the treasury.
In addition, Flimnap was jealous of Gulliver for his wife, who often came to visit Gulliver. But his suspicions were, of course, unfounded.
Chapter 7
One day an important person came to Gulliver and told him about the accusations that Bolgolam and Flimnap had made against him. He was accused of extinguishing a fire in the palace, of refusing to bring the entire Blefuscu fleet and of communicating with the Blefuscu embassy, that is, treason.
The accusers demanded death for Gulliver, but the emperor graciously decided that it was enough just to deprive him of his eyes. After much debate, it was decided to blind Gulliver and gradually starve him to death.
To avoid this trouble, Gulliver decided to visit Blefuska, permission to visit which was somehow given to him by the emperor himself. He untied one ship, put his clothes on it and quickly reached Blefuscu.
There he was enthusiastically received and treated kindly by the Emperor Blefuscu himself. However, Gulliver did not tell the emperor about his disgrace.
Chapter 8
Three days later, Gulliver noticed an overturned boat in the sea. With the help of a whole fleet, he managed to bring the boat to the shore and inspect it. The boat was complete. Gulliver brought her by oars to the capital of Blefuscu and began to ask the emperor to help him equip the boat with sails and give him provisions so that he could go home.
Emperor Blefuscu agreed to help Gulliver.
Meanwhile, the emperor of Liliput demanded that Gulliver be returned to him, bound hand and foot, in order to subject him to execution. Emperor Blefuscu replied that he could not do this, but told about the boat and that Gulliver was going to sail home and then his problem would be solved by itself.
Emperor Blefuscu asked Gulliver if he would like to enter his service, but Gulliver refused. And I learned that the emperor was very pleased with this decision.
A month later, everything was ready to sail. Gulliver loaded a lot of provisions on the boat, and among other things took six live cows, two bulls, and sheep with rams to breed them in their homeland.
Finally, Gulliver sailed on a boat and a few days later got on an English ship. This ship took him to England.
The cows and sheep took to the English grass and bred.
Gulliver did not stay at home for long. The craving for travel did not leave him. And two months later he said goodbye to his wife, son and daughter and again went to sea.
Drawings and illustrations for the fairy tale "Journey to Lilliput"
Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels consists of four parts, each describing one of the main character's four journeys. The main character of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a surgeon, and later - the captain of several ships.
The first part of the novel describes Gulliver's visit to Lilliput. The very name of the country tells the reader what its inhabitants look like. At the beginning, the inhabitants of Lilliput greet Gulliver quite cordially. They give him the name Man of the Mountain, provide housing, provide food - which is especially difficult - because his diet is equal to the diet of seven hundred and twenty-eight midgets. The emperor himself talks affably with Gulliver, grants him many honors. One day, Gulliver is even granted the title of nardak, the highest title in the state. This happens after Gulliver on foot drags the entire fleet of the hostile state of Blefuscu across the strait. Gradually, Gulliver gets to know the life of Lilliput in more detail and learns that in this country there are two parties - Tremexens and Slemexens, each of them differs in that some are adherents low heels, while others are adherents of the high. On this basis, fierce disputes arise between them. The reason for the war between Lilliputia and Blefuscu is even more banal: it lies in the question of which side to crack eggs - from a sharp or blunt end.
As a result, Gulliver escapes from Lilliputia to Blefuska, from where he sets sail on a boat specially built by him, and ... meets a merchant ship. He returns to England and brings with him miniature lambs, which soon spread everywhere.
The second part of the novel tells the reader about how the main character spends time on Brobdingnag - the island of giants. Now he is perceived as a dwarf. He undergoes many adventures until he finds himself at the royal court. Gulliver becomes the favorite interlocutor of the king himself. In one of the conversations, he says that the history of England is nothing but a bunch of conspiracies, unrest, murders, revolutions and deportations. Meanwhile, Gulliver feels more and more humiliating in this country: the position of a midget in the country of giants is unpleasant for him. He goes away, but at home, in England, for a long time everything around him seems too small.
In part three, Gulliver first finds himself on the flying island of Laputa. Further from this island, he descends to the continent and enters the city of Lagado. Here he is shocked by the combination of boundless ruin and certain oases of prosperity. These oases are all that's left of the past normal life before there were spotlights. Searchlights are people who visited the island of Laputa and decided that all science, art, laws, languages should also be recreated on earth. Tired of these miracles, Gulliver intends to sail to his homeland, but on the way home he finds himself first on the island of Glubbdobdrib, and then in the kingdom of Luggnagg.
In the fourth and final part of the novel, the author tells how Gulliver ended up in the country of the Guingnmes. Guingnms are horses, but it is in them that the hero finds quite human traits: kindness, decency, honesty. In the service of the Guingnms are evil and vile creatures - Yehu. Yehu outwardly are very similar to humans, but in character and behavior they are a fiend of abomination. However, the protagonist here cannot live his days perfectly. Respectable and well-mannered Guingnms expel him to Yehu - just because he looks like them outwardly. Gulliver returns to England, never to travel again. Thus ends D. Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels.
This work combines several genres. In the novel we will see a fascinating travel narrative, a pamphlet, it also contains dystopia, fantasy and a little riot. This novel can be called prophetic, since those who read it at any time will clearly see in it the specificity of the addressee of Swift's satire. The author strikes with his imagination, which will surprise anyone.
Main character- an ordinary doctor who gets into an incredible adventure beyond his desire. He only decided to go by ship from England, but soon he accidentally finds himself in the most unimaginable countries in which, as usual, a completely ordinary life takes place.
Lemuel was the middle son in his family. There were five of them in the family. He lived in Nottinghamshire, and having matured a little, he went to study at Cambridge College. After studying in college, he completed his studies with the surgeon Bats, and after that he independently studied medical practice. After studying, he went to work on the ship as a surgeon.
Three years later, having traveled enough, he decides to marry and marry Mary Burton, who is the daughter of a stocking merchant. For the next two years, he and his wife live in London, but after the unforeseen death of his teacher, he has to return to the post of surgeon on the ship.
Here he is again on the ship and does not portend trouble, but soon a strong storm rises, their ship crashes, the crew dies, and he miraculously swims to the shore and turns off for a long time.
When the hero regains consciousness, he realizes that he is tied with a huge number of ropes, and many small creatures make him bonded, which are exactly like people, only of a very miniature size.
All these small ropes turn out to be not so strong and Gulliver, tensing a little, frees one hand, but the little people shoot him with needle arrows. He calms down and decides to lie down a little more and, after waiting for darkness, to free himself.
Having erected a large staircase, apparently their ruler Gurgo climbs up to him. He speaks a lot, but it is not possible to understand him, since the language is unfamiliar to Gulliver. Lemuel explains to the little men that he is very hungry and is being fed.
The officials decide to transport Gulliver to the capital and try to explain it to him, but he asks them to release him. He is denied. Gulliver's wounds are treated with some incomprehensible herbs and they give him a drink, adding a lot of sleeping pills there. Gulliver falls asleep. The hero is taken to the capital.
The hero wakes up in an abandoned temple, chained to one of his legs.The hero rises and looks around the surroundings. He sees beautiful city and manicured fields. He relieves himself, and soon he is visited by the king, who is no larger than a fingernail, and explains that he will try to take good care of him.
The hero has been on this island for two weeks already, a special mattress and bed linen are being made for him. The state has no idea what to do with this huge man, because he eats a lot and soon they will go hungry.
It takes about three weeks and he masters their language a little. Gulliver wants to ask the ruler for release. Officials arrange a search and take away his saber, pistol, and bullets with gunpowder. Gulliver manages to hide a few things.
The emperor and the little men begin to like the giant, and they dance especially for him, perform all sorts of tricks, and also return his hat, which he lost on the shore.
The only one who does not like Gulliver is Admiral Skyresh Bolgolam, who, by order of the king, writes a contract that discusses the conditions for Gulliver's freedom. Gulliver is given a tour of Lilliput, as well as its capital. They show him the palace. The secretary tells what the political situation is in their country, as well as the hostility of the parties and the possibility of an attack from another Blefuska empire, which is located on another island.
Gulliver helps in the fight against Blefuscu by tying the anchors of their ships and delivering them to the capital. The rulers of Lilliput really want to capture the enemy, but Gulliver is against this, and refuses to do the favor.
Once a fire broke out in Lilliput and Gulliver, to help the citizens, urinates on him. The Emperor is outraged.
The hero decides to write in his notebook everything he sees in this strange country. He describes short inhabitants, small animals and miniature plants, he also writes that people are buried here upside down and how they punish false informers. If in this country someone forgets to thank a resident, they can go to jail. Their children are not brought up by their parents, but women and men live separately. Gulliver spends almost a year in this place. By this time, he has a chair with a table and completely new clothes.
The emperor becomes jealous and explains to Gulliver that he is costing their treasury too much. Soon an indictment comes from Bolgolam, who accuses him of urinating on the palace and also refusing to conquer another state.Gulliver gets scared and runs away from the Lilliputians.
Soon he gets to the sea and finds a boat there and, with the permission of the emperor Blefuscu, he sails away on it. Soon English merchants pick him up and bring him to the Downs. For a couple of months he is with his family, but then he has to go back to work.
In June, he leaves England on a ship, but in April he again gets into a storm, after which there is very little left on the ship. drinking water. Together with those who landed, he finds himself on an island, on which he notices giants, who at that time were already running after their comrades. The hero realizes that he is in a field with barley planted, but this plant is very large. He is found by a peasant and given to the owner of the field. The hero meets the hosts and soon he has dinner with them.
The hero wakes up from the sight of overly large rats who want to eat them. The farmer's wife takes him out into the garden so that the hero can relieve himself. The master's daughter makes a bed for Gulliver, makes him new clothes and names him Grildrik. Soon, on the instructions of a neighbor, the hero begins to perform for the public, and after a few weeks they go on a tour with demonstration performances. It takes about ten weeks and they manage to visit many cities and villages.
Gulliver loses weight and becomes sickly in appearance and the owner sells him to the royal person. Gulliver and the queen talk about life on the farm, and after that the woman introduces him to her husband, who gives him to scientists.
They build a house for the hero and sew clothes. He often dine with the king and queen. The queen's servant, the dwarf, is very jealous of Gulliver.
Gulliver and the queen set off across the country, but the annoying dwarf is always trying to get rid of the hero. The queen wants to entertain Gulliver, so she asks to make him a boat and give him a basin of water so that he can swim. For the crest, Gulliver takes the king's hair. Gulliver talks about England and its customs, and the king strongly criticizes the government of the country.
Three years pass. One fine day, the queen and her retinue decide to take a walk along the beach, but the eagle kidnaps the hero and he ends up at sea, where he is again picked up by an English ship and brought to the Downs.
Somewhere in early August, Gulliver leaves England on a ship. Soon the villains attack. The hero asks for mercy from the villains and one of the Japanese shows it. The whole ship is captured and captured. Gulliver is loaded into a shuttle and thrown out in the middle of the ocean, but he again finds himself on the island.
The island turned out to be flying. The citizens of this island call themselves Laputians and they are very strange in appearance. They feed him, teach him the language and sew new clothes again. Soon the flying island flies to the central city of the kingdom of Logado. After some time, the hero realizes that the Laputians love mathematics and music, and their biggest fear is space disasters. Since male Laputians are very thoughtful, their wives love to cheat on them.
After some time, the hero learns that the island flies because there is a magnet located in the central part of Laputa. If subjects rebel, their king blocks the sun or lowers an island on that city. The king and his family never leave Laputa.
One day the hero decided to go down to Balnibarbi, a small continent. He stops at a dignitary who bears the name Munodi. In this state, people are poorly dressed, the fields are empty, but the peasants still try to cultivate them. The dignitary says that they were once taught a completely unique soil treatment, so something stopped growing on it. Munodi was not interested in this then, so his fields are bearing fruit.
Soon the hero enters the Searchlight Academy. There, scientists are engaged in strange studies: getting sunlight from cucumbers, food from waste, trying to extract gunpowder from ice, and starting to build a house from above. Many more things were told to him by scientists, but it seemed to him ridiculous. They also had proposals for new laws, such as changing the back of the brain or taking taxes on human vices or virtues.
The hero leaves for Maldonado to get away from Luggnagg. While the ship is waiting, he visits the island of Glubbdobdrib, which is inhabited by wizards. The main inhabitant of this island manages to summon spirits, among them were Hannibal, Caesar, Brutus, Alexander the Great and the inhabitants of Pompeii, he also talks with Aristotle, Descartes and Homer, with various kings, and ordinary, unremarkable people. But he soon returned to Maldonado and after a couple of weeks sailed to Luggnagg. Soon he was arrested there. In the city of Traldregdab, Gulliver has the opportunity to meet the king, where he gets acquainted with a strange custom, it is necessary to lick the throne room. It's been three months since he's been in Luggnagg. The inhabitants here are courteous and good-natured, he learns that some inhabitants are born immortal. Gulliver dreams of what he could do if he was immortal, but the people say that they only suffer from immortality. After Luggnagg, the hero comes to Japan, and then to Amsterdam. In April, he hits the Downs.
After such strange, long and difficult journeys, Gulliver is given the position of captain of the ship. He accidentally hires robbers, who will soon capture him and land him on the nearest island. There, monkeys attack Gulliver, and the horse, which is very strange in appearance, saves him. The horse comes to his horse and they discuss something, periodically feeling Gulliver.
Horses bring the hero to his home, where he meets monkeys that look like people, but they are pets. He is offered rotten meat, but he refuses and shows that milk is better for him. Horses are also taken to dinner. This lunch is oatmeal.
Gulliver slowly masters this language and soon tells one of the horses the story of his appearance.
Somehow he is caught naked by the servant of the horse with whom he lives, but he promises to keep a secret that the man is very similar to a monkey.
Gulliver talks about England, about English horses, medicine and alcohol. The horse decided that the inhabitants of England did not use the mind at all for its intended purpose, but only to increase vices.
In the Houyhnhnms, family marriages are concluded for the birth of children, always of two different sexes.
Since the great apes are difficult to train, they decide to exterminate them, but soon they come to the decision to sterilize all the Yahoos, and send Gulliver, since he looks like a Yahoo, from the country. Two months later, Gulliver sails away.
From the trip, he loses his mind a little, because he believes that they want to send him to live with Yahoo, although he has been on a Portuguese ship for a long time, but he soon recovers and is sent to England.
In December, he comes home and decides to write a story about his adventures.
A brief retelling of "Gulliver's Travels" in abbreviation was prepared by Oleg Nikov for the reader's diary.
Everyone knows the image of a navigator who is tied with ropes to the ground by little men. But in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, the protagonist doesn't stop at visiting the country of the Lilliputians. The work from a children's fairy tale turns into a philosophical reflection on humanity.
The teacher, publicist, philosopher, and also the priest Jonathan Swift was originally from Ireland, but he wrote in English, therefore he is considered an English writer. During his life he created 6 volumes of compositions. Gulliver's Travels was finally published in 1726-1727 in London, while Swift created his work for several years.
The author published the novel without indicating his authorship, and the book immediately became popular, although it was subject to censorship. The most common edition was the translation of the French writer Pierre Defontaine, after which the novel was no longer translated from of English language, but from French.
Later, continuations and imitations of Gulliver's story, operettas, and even brief children's versions of the novel began to appear, mainly devoted to the first part.
Genre, direction
"Gulliver's Travels" can be attributed to a fantastic satirical-philosophical novel. The main character meets fairy tale characters and becomes a guest in non-existent worlds.
The novel was written during the Age of Enlightenment or Late Classicism, for which the travel genre was very popular. The works of this direction are distinguished by their instructive nature, attention to detail and the absence of controversial characters.
essence
The protagonist Lemuel Gulliver, as a result of a shipwreck, ends up in Lilliput, where the little men take him for a monster. He saves them from the inhabitants of the neighboring island of Blefuscu, but despite this, the Lilliputians are going to kill him, which is why Gulliver has to run away from them.
During the second journey, Lemuel ends up in Brobdingnag, the land of the giants. The girl Gryumdalclitch takes care of him. Little Gulliver gets to the king, where he gradually realizes the insignificance of humanity. The navigator gets home by accident when a giant eagle flies away with a box that was the traveler's temporary home.
The third journey takes Gulliver to the country of Balnibarbi, to the flying city of Laputa, where he is surprised to observe the stupidity of the inhabitants, disguised as scholarship. On the mainland in the capital of Lagado, he visits an academy where he sees the nonsensical inventions of local scientists. On the island of Glubbdobdrib, summoning the souls of the dead historical figures, he learns about them the truth hidden by historians. On the island of Luggnegg, he meets the Struldbrugs, tormented by immortality, after which he returns to England through Japan.
The fourth journey takes Gulliver to an island where intelligent horses, the Houyhnhnms, use the labor of wild Yahoo creatures. The main character is expelled because he looks like Yahoo. Lemuel cannot get used to people for a long time, whose company becomes unbearable for him.
Main characters and their characteristics
- Lemuel Gulliver- A native of Nottinghamshire. He is married to Mary Burton and has two children. To earn money, Lemuel becomes a surgeon on a ship, and then the captain of a ship. Like most of the protagonists of the Enlightenment, he is inquisitive. The traveler easily adapts to new conditions, quickly learns the languages of each place he enters, and also embodies a conventional average hero.
- Lilliputians. The word "Lilliputian" was coined by Swift. The inhabitants of Lilliput and Blefuscu are 12 times smaller than an ordinary person. They are convinced that their country is the largest in the world, which is why they behave with Gulliver rather fearlessly. Lilliputians are an organized people, capable of doing difficult work for them quickly enough. They are ruled by a king named Golbasto Momaren Evlem Gerdailo Shefin Molly Olli Goo. The Lilliputians are at war with the Blefuskans because of the disputes about which side to crack the egg. But even in Lilliput itself, there are feuds between the parties of Tremexenes and Slemexenes, supporters of high and low heels. Gulliver's most ardent opponents are Galbet Skyresh Bolgolam and Lord Chancellor of the Exchequer Flimnap. Lilliputians personify a parody of the English monarchy.
- Giants. The inhabitants of the island of Brobdingnag, on the contrary, are 12 times larger than the average person. They treat Gulliver with care, especially the daughter of the farmer Grumdalclitch. The giants are ruled by a just king, who is horrified by Gulliver's stories about gunpowder. These people are not familiar with killing and war. Brobdingnag is an example of a utopia, an ideal state. The only unpleasant character is the royal dwarf.
- Inhabitants of Balnibarbi. To distract the inhabitants of the flying island of Laputa from thinking about the universe, the servants have to clap them with sticks. Everything around them, from clothes to food, is connected with astronomy and geometry. The Laputians rule the country, having the right at any moment to crush the revolt that has arisen with the weight of the island. People also live on earth who consider themselves smarter than everyone else, which is not true. The inhabitants of Glubbdobdrib Island are able to call the souls of dead people, and immortal struldbrugs are sometimes born on the island of Luggnegg, distinguished by a large spot on their heads. After 80 years, they experience civil death: they are no longer incapacitated, forever aging, incapable of friendship and love.
- guignhnms. The island of Houygnhnmia is inhabited by horses capable of speaking their own sensible language. They have their own homes, families, meetings. The word "guygnhnm" Gulliver translates as "the crown of creation." They do not know what money, power and war are. They do not understand many human words, since for them the concepts of "weapon", "lie" and "sin" do not exist. The Houygnhnms write poetry, do not waste words, die without sorrow.
- Yahoo. The Houyhngnms are served as domesticated animals by carrion-eating ape-like savages. They lack the ability to share, love, hate each other and collect shiny stones (a parody of the human passion for money and jewelry). There is a legend among the Houyhnhnms that the first Yahoos came here from across the ocean and were ordinary people, like Gulliver.
Topics and issues
The main theme of the work is a person and the moral principles by which he tries to live. Swift raises questions about who a person is, how he looks from the outside, whether he is doing the right thing and what is his place in this world.
The author raises the problem of the corruption of society. People have forgotten what it means not to fight, to do good and be reasonable. In the first part of Gulliver's Travels, attention is paid to the problem of pettiness government controlled, in the second - the problem of insignificance and cruelty of a person in general, in the third - the problem of loss common sense, in the fourth - the problem of achieving the ideal, as well as the fall of human morals.
Main idea
The work of Jonathan Swift is an illustration of the fact that the world is diverse and incomprehensible, people still have to unravel the meaning of the universe. In the meantime, an imperfect and weak person has a gigantic conceit, considers himself a higher being, but not only cannot know everything, but often he himself risks becoming worse than animals.
Many people have lost their human form, inventing weapons, quarreling and deceiving. Man is petty, cruel, stupid and ugly in his behavior. The writer does not just unfoundedly accuse humanity of all possible sins, but offers alternative options for existence. His main idea is the need to correct society through a consistent rejection of the vices of ignorance.
What does it teach?
The protagonist becomes a kind of observer from the outside. The reader, getting acquainted with the book, understands with him that a person needs to remain a person. You should objectively assess your impact on the world, lead a reasonable life and not plunge into vices that gradually turn a person into a savage.
People should think about what humanity has come to and try to change the world, at least in a situation where it depends on each of them.
Criticism
The novel "Gulliver's Travels" was severely criticized, despite the fact that at first it was mistaken for an ordinary fairy tale. According to reviewers, Jonathan Swift offends man, which means that he offends God. The fourth part of the work suffered the most: the author was accused of hatred of people and bad taste.
For years the church banned the book, and government officials shortened it to curtail dangerous political musings. However, for the Irish people, the dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral remained a legendary fighter for the rights of the oppressed poor, ordinary citizens did not forget about his social activities and literary talent.
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