medicinal plants
lilium martagon
Taxon: Liliaceae family ( Liliaceae)
Folk names: lily of the forest, saranka, badun, royal curls, oil, sardana
English: Wild Lily, Turk's Cap Lily, Martagon
Description of lilies
Perennial bulbous plant of the lily family up to 100 cm tall. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, arranged in a whorl, 5-6 each. Their roots and stems die off annually, but the bulb continues to live. It is round, ovoid, flattened, with dense, fleshy, easily detachable and non-separable scales, small or large onion, weighing up to 1-2 kilograms. In some species of lilies, one bulb is laid, replacing the mother bulb, in others two new ones develop every year, in others, a whole nest of bulbs grows in the lower part of the stem, in fourths, bulbs ripen in the axils of the leaves, and then fall to the ground and take root. Flowers collected in terminal raceme (sometimes solitary), perianth with free or accreting lobes; anthers - usually opening inwards. Lily flowers are white, sometimes pink. Blooms in June-July.
Lily lanceolate or tiger lily (lilium lancifolium) - one of the types of lilies with alternately arranged leaves and orange flowers. Tiger lily - perennial herbaceous plant, reaching 1.5-2 m in height. The stem is hard, felt-pubescent, dark purple. The bulb is large, spherical or ovoid, whitish.
lily spreading
The birthplace of lilies is Lebanon. The genus of these plants, originating from Europe, Asia and North America, has more than 100 species.
Widely distributed from Europe to North Asia.
It grows on the slopes of mountains, in mixed and deciduous forests, on edges, glades and meadows. Curly lily is a rare species of the flora of the Urals, listed in the regional summary of Siberia (1980), a summary of rare plants in Central Siberia (1979) and in the "Red Book of the Republic of Mari El" (1997).
Lily lanceolate in wild nature grows in East Asia - in Japan and China.
Lily cultivation
Those wishing to plant a lily on their suburban area or on the balcony it would be useful to know that any water-permeable soil with a neutral reaction is suitable for lilies (with the exception of a group of Asian and American hybrids that require acidic or slightly acidic soils). The planting area should be well drained, sunny or slightly shaded, protected from cold winds. The soil should first be dug to a depth of 30-40 centimeters, humus and mineral fertilizers should be applied (lilies do not tolerate fresh manure), peat, and if acidic soils - lime. For the winter, plantings are covered with a 20-centimeter layer of leaves or spruce branches. For better flowering and development of plants, they are given top dressing. At the beginning of the growing season, top dressing is preferable, in which nitrogen fertilizers predominate, in the budding phase - potash and phosphorus fertilizers. All top dressing is carried out after watering. In addition to the main method of reproduction - vegetative (bulbs, bulb scales, baby bulbs, air bulbs, dividing bulb nests, etc.), seeds can be sown, but immediately after harvest, since in most species they quickly lose their germination capacity. Seeds of lilies with above-ground type of germination are sown in February-March, with underground - after harvesting and in winter they are kept at minus 1-2 ° C, and in spring, together with seeds of spring sowing, at a temperature of plus 18-20 ° C. Sowed in boxes with sand; in May, plants are planted in beds.
Seedlings bloom in 5-7 years, depending on the species.
Collection and preparation of lilies
Bulbs, stems, leaves and flowers of the plant, root are used as medicinal raw materials.
The chemical composition of the lily
The chemical composition of the curly lily is little studied. The presence of alkaloids in all parts of the plant, as well as saponins and flavonoids in the aerial parts was noted. Bulbs contain a large amount of protein substances, mucous substances, vitamins, sugars, iron, boron.
Pharmacological properties of lily
Lily preparations have a calming effect and are used as a hemostatic agent for uterine diseases. The juice has a healing effect.
The use of lily in medicine
The curly lily has long been used as a medicinal plant in traditional medicines China, Tibet, Mongolia, Buryatia, Yakutia, Siberia and Far East.
Tiger lily bulbs are widely used for prolapse of the uterus. In these cases, very small doses soothe irritation of the rectum and Bladder, relieve subsequent stagnation of blood in the uterus. An alcoholic tincture prepared from the stem, leaves and flowers of a fresh plant, cut during flowering, is used for ovarian irritation, sexual arousal with cardiac disorders. Tiger lily is used for functional disorders of the heart, with weakening of vision and loss of sensitivity of the retina due to severe eye fatigue.
The onion, crushed and cooked with bread crumb, contributes to the rapid maturation and opening of abscesses. White lily juice cleanses stomach ulcers. Flowers cleanse the kidneys and cure their diseases. A decoction of flowers is drunk for diseases of the gallbladder. The tip of the lily root, pounded with rancid fat, cures leprosy. Lily promotes the digestion of meat if taken with meals, and is also very useful in scrofula.
lily medicines
Infusion of lily bulbs: brew a 15-gram onion with 1 cup of boiling water, insist, wrap it warmly, 15 minutes, strain. Drink arbitrarily 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day for 0.5 hours before meals as a uterine and hemostatic agent. The infusion also has the ability to restore vigor to patients, improve their appetite, tone the body. The infusion is drunk with toothache, nervous shocks, bad mood (“from longing”).
Lily bulb decoction: Pour 1 cup of boiling milk on a 15-20-gram bulb of white lily or sarana, hold on low heat for 10 minutes, cool for 5 minutes and make lotions for skin inflammation and boils.
A decoction of a lily bulb: pour 15-20 g of white lily bulb with 1 cup of boiling milk, add 20 g of honey and 15-20 g of mustard flour, hold on low heat for 10 minutes and make mask compresses applied for 20-25 minutes against.
Lily petal tincture: place the petals in a dark glass dish, pour them with 75% alcohol (you can use vodka) so that it covers them by 2-2.5 cm, insist for 6 weeks in a cool place. Strain the resulting tincture through 2-3 layers of gauze, dilute with boiled water in a ratio of 1:3.
An alcohol extract from the petals is used as a lotion, which is used to wipe the face daily at night. It also helps relieve muscle pain if the painful area is rubbed with a swab dipped in lotion.
lily leaves applied to burns to reduce inflammation.
Healing face mask: melt, gradually, rubbing in a porcelain mortar, 50 g of beeswax, add to it 30 g of vegetable oil, 70 g of honey and 15 g of white lily bulb juice. The mask from the resulting mixture is applied to the face warmed up by compresses (while it is warm) for 15-25 minutes.
Oil extract from white lily flowers: the flowers are placed in a dark glass dish, poured with olive or peach oil and infused for 14 days in the dark, then filtered, mixed with lemon juice, egg yolk and honey. The mask from the resulting composition is applied to the face for 15-25 minutes. It nourishes dry and aging skin, gives it firmness and elasticity. Washes off with warm water.
Contraindications
Very fragrant varieties of some types of lilies should not be left in a room in in large numbers because their heavy aroma can lead to poisoning, dizziness.
The use of lilies in the household
Curly lily has long been used in culture as an ornamental plant, it is a good honey plant.
Traditionally curly lily has nutritional value, it is consumed raw, boiled, fried, dried and as a condiment. Used as a coffee substitute. The Yakuts dry the bulbs of sarana, turn it into powder, and bake bread or porridge from the resulting flour.
In veterinary medicine, lily is added to pet food to increase lactation and milk fat content.
A bit of history
Ancient myths attributed the divine origin to the lily. She was considered a symbol of purity, chastity and hope, her image was minted on coins. Bouquets of lilies were used in wedding ceremonies - the bride's head was always decorated with a wreath of lilies. The lily was highly respected and in Ancient Egypt, as evidenced, for example, by the discovered burial of a young woman with a dried lily on her chest. Lily designs are often found among cuneiform inscriptions.
The image of a lily was found on frescoes created 3,500 years ago on the island of Crete: there she served as the emblem of a local goddess revered by fishermen, sailors and hunters.
In Persia, during the reign of Cyrus (end of the 5th century BC), the lily became one of the main elements in the design of lawns, patios, and reservoirs. And the ancient Persians called the capital Susa - the "city of lilies", which, moreover, were placed on the coat of arms. In the countries of the East, the lily was a symbol of freedom and hope. Christians also adopted love for her, making her a symbol of purity and chastity. According to the Bible, the archangel Gabriel held the lily when he announced to Mary about the imminent birth of Christ. The white lily is traditionally associated with the history of France: it was emblazoned on the scepter of the first French kings, on the royal seal and on coins; from the reign of Louis VII, the white banner with three lilies becomes state. The flower even got its European name from the ancient Pegali “li-li”, which means “white-white”.
In Russia, lilies were revered as the embodiment of chastity and purity (an obligatory accessory of the bride on the wedding day), as a symbol of peace. But not only the white lily was recognized by the Russians. In Siberia, the wild lily Sarana, or “royal curls”, grows, about which they even made a legend, as if it had grown from the heart of a Cossack who died during the conquest of Siberia by Yermak, and since then a flower with intricately curved orange petals has magical properties transmitted to her by the Cossack - inspires courage and stamina in the soldiers.
Photos and illustrations:
Lily is a symbol of ecological purity and beauty of nature.
Lily saranka is now rarely found both in nature and in gardens.
The Latin name of the saranka is "martagon", that is, "the lily that gave birth to Mart", the god of war.
The Russian name "saranka" comes from the Turkic "sary", which means "yellow" - the bulbs of this lily are really yellow.
The Yakuts call the Daurian lily sardaana. Worshiping the surrounding nature, when choosing the names of children, the Yakuts very often turn to the name of this flower - "Sardaana" - a lily. One of the most famous TV shows in the Republic of Sakha bears the same name. A scarlet, with a golden core, a lily (sardaana) on a green stem, thinly bordered with gold, is included in the coat of arms of the Amginsky ulus (Yakutia).
The use of the saranka lily since ancient times
Many stories, legends are associated with lilies.
Lily martagon, according to ancient Roman tradition, helped the soldiers become courageous and brave. Going to battle, the legionnaires took martagon bulbs with them and ate before battles, while their fatigue disappeared and confidence in victory appeared.
A very similar legend existed in Siberia. She told that the saranka lily was born from the heart of a warrior who bravely defended his land from enemy raids. And if the bulb of this lily is taken on the battlefield, it will protect from death in battle. And if you also eat it, then the heart will be filled with courage, and the warrior will become invincible. The Persians have a similar legend.
Who knows, maybe, indeed, the sarankas gave courage to the rebellious archpriest Avvakum, who was serving a link in Eastern Siberia and met with a heroic death. Living in Transbaikalia, the exiled archpriest prepared the bulbs of this lily for his family.
It is possible that locust bulbs really give confidence to a person, because the alkaloids of this plant are still poorly understood ...
According to legend, the poor after the death of Yesugei-Bagadur, his widow Hoelun and son Temujin, who later proclaimed the Divine Genghis Khan, ate saranka. But it is unlikely that the memories of a hungry childhood were pleasant to Genghis Khan.
A certain role in the love for this plant was played by the gastronomic preferences of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, for whom sarana was a familiar product, the same as for us. So, the Buryats, Tofalars, Orochi carried out a massive collection of sarana bulbs in autumn, which they stored in dried form.
In Russia, the saranka was dug on Yegoriev spring day. Saran was eaten raw (they taste like an unroasted chestnut), but more often they were boiled in milk or baked in ashes. Often sweet and floury in taste, the root of sarana replaced bread. Five or six lily bulbs are enough to feed an adult.
According to the testimony of the medieval Persian historian Rashid ad-Din, the poor even paid the ransom for the bride with the roots of the sarana.
Sarana was also used during religious ceremonies. So, during the Tol-ard holiday, the Nivkhs cajoled the spirit of water with dishes from the roots of locust and other forest herbs. At the same time, the Nivkhs put treats on the water and said: "Spirit of the water, do not be offended by us, bring us good luck and a lot of fish and sea animals." This custom has survived to this day.
The use of lilies in medicine and cooking
Why were Sarana bulbs and rhizomes so attractive to ancient peoples? The answer to the question becomes obvious if you become familiar with the medicinal properties of these plants.
Sarana was used not only for food, it was especially valued as a healing agent, raising people weakened after illness to their feet. Bulbs, stems, leaves and flowers of lilies were used as medicinal raw materials. The juice of locusts healed wounds. Crushed and boiled with flour, the onions were used to open abscesses.
Meat seasoned with sarana bulbs was easier to digest.
An excellent dietary dish for ulcers in Buryat cuisine is sarana stewed in sube (sube is an oily whitish liquid that remains after melting butter). Melted butter was drained, then peeled and washed sarana tubers were placed in the sube and boiled until a homogeneous thick mass was formed. Then it was cooled, cut into slices and served on the table. The same dish relieved coughs in children.
Dried saranka was used as a healing additive to meat and fish dishes.
In Transbaikalian cuisine, saranka bulbs were added to cottage cheese with bird cherry flour.
This lily is still popular in Kalmykia and Kyrgyzstan. There, its bulbs serve as a seasoning for sheep's cheese, to which they give not only a delicate aroma, but also an excellent taste.
In some villages of mountainous Bashkiria, old people remember how they saved themselves in the famine years by picking lily bulbs in the spring. And in some places they keep an ozup - an ancient root digger. True, I could not find out the Bashkir name of this instrument.
Being in Burzyan, I saw that Sarana is grown in gardens as an ornamental plant. And for the older generation, raw lily bulbs were a delicacy. During the war, saran bulbs were dried, crushed, and bread or porridge was baked from the resulting flour.
Modern medicine confirms that locust lily preparations have anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. They are used as an analgesic and hemostatic agent for gynecological diseases.
Lily bulbs are widely used for inflammation of the rectum and bladder. Therefore, sarankas for riders served as an effective anti-hemorrhoidal remedy.
In modern oriental medicine, an alcoholic tincture prepared from the stem, leaves and flowers of a fresh plant, cut during flowering, is used for inflammation of the ovaries, with sexual arousal with disorders of the heart. Lily bulbs are used for functional disorders of the heart, with weakening of vision. Lily juice is useful for stomach ulcers. Flowers cleanse the kidneys and cure their diseases. A decoction of flowers is drunk for diseases of the gallbladder.
In modern oriental medicine, an infusion of lily bulbs is used. To do this, brew a 15-gram onion in 1 cup of boiling water; insist, wrapped warmly, 15 minutes; strain. Drink arbitrarily 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 0.5 hours before meals as an analgesic and hemostatic agent. Infusion of lily bulbs restores vigor to patients, improves appetite. Drink infusion and with toothache, with nervous shocks.
From a decoction of a lily bulb in boiling milk, lotions were made for skin inflammation and boils, as well as for cosmetic purposes.
A decoction of a lily bulb in milk, mixed with mustard flour, is used to prepare compresses-masks applied to the skin against freckles. An oil extract from white lily flowers is used to nourish dry and aging skin, making it firm and elastic. An alcohol extract from lily petals can be used as a lotion, which is used to wipe the face daily at night. It also helps relieve muscle pain if the painful area is rubbed with a swab dipped in lotion. Lily leaves are applied to burns to reduce inflammation.
A healing face mask is prepared, consisting of beeswax, vegetable oil, honey and lily bulb juice. From the resulting mixture, a mask is applied to the face warmed up by compresses for 15-25 minutes.
The traditions of their ancestors are kept by the peoples of Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the countries of Southeast Asia, who continue to use locust bulbs for food.
Other lilies are also eaten: Dahurian, oatmeal, beautiful. And Japanese and Maksimovich lilies are even bred as a vegetable on the Japanese islands. Boiled Japanese lily bulbs are not only tasty, but also useful for bronchitis. Lily bulbs contain 18% starch.
It is very easy to cook porridge from the bulbs of the locust lily. To do this, put salt, sugar in boiling water, mix; pour the prepared grits from the bulbs of the locust and cook, stirring gently, for 20 minutes. After that, pour hot milk and continue cooking at a low boil for 30-40 minutes.
Patients of the gastroenterological department benefit from lily bulb puree. To prepare this dish, cut the peeled and washed locust bulbs into slices, pour in the milk, tightly cover the dish with a lid and cook for 30-40 minutes. After that, rub the lily through a sieve along with milk, add butter, salt, sugar and warm everything up, stirring. Puree can be used as a side dish and as an independent dish.
Fried lily saranka is no less tasty. To do this, it is necessary to cut the washed raw locust tubers into cubes or slices. Rinse before frying cold water so that the pieces do not stick together and do not stick to the pan, then lightly dry on a sieve or napkin. You can fry on any fat, but saranka on ghee turns out tastier. When a toasted crust forms on the lower layers, the slices should be mixed. At the end of frying, you can put separately fried on top, sprinkle with parsley and dill.
To prepare such a delicious dish as a saranka lily stewed with, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the onions, rinse well in running water, cut into small pieces, place in a saucepan and pour over the prepared meat broth. Then add chopped and sautéed celery and salt, cover and simmer over low heat for 30-40 minutes until fully cooked. Pour the prepared lily bulbs with red sauce, season with nutmeg and boil lightly. Serve as an independent dish or as a side dish to poultry meat.
Beautiful, tasty, healing Sarana!
Unfortunately, there is a danger that this already long-rare plant will be included in the alarming list of the Red Book. To avoid this, for widespread distribution, it is necessary to massively breed sarana and grow it in gardens.
All lilies are healing. The most common species in our gardens is the tiger lily (lanceolate), which is quite capable of replacing the Sarana. The Germans add the bulbs of this lily to the soup. AT Chinese medicine ointment from the flowers of the red tiger lily is used for eczema and purulent rash.
It is not by chance that tiger lily is often found in personal plots. It is excellent due to its bulbousness - the ability to form small stem buds in the leaf axils.
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I got another fabulous flower with its extraordinary story as a gift....
From the author of the photo:"Saranka is called differently. One of the names is a curly lily. I haven't seen this flower often, but I remember it from childhood. I don't know where, but we knew that the root of the locust can be eaten, dug up the bulbs and ate. And I remember the taste of the locust , enveloping, slippery, sweetish. The locust grows quite lonely. I took it off no more than four times, twice in the rain. "And I was so touched by the word "Lonely," that I wanted to know more about the "soul mate" ...The Latin name of the saranka is "martagon", that is, "the lily that gave birth to Mars", the god of war.
The Russian name "saranka" comes from the Turkic "sary", which means "yellow" - the bulbs of this lily are really yellow.This lily is also called "Turkish" because the shape of its flower resembles a Turkish headdress.
In Russia, lilies were revered as the embodiment of chastity and purity (an obligatory accessory of the bride on the wedding day), as a symbol of peace. But not only the white lily was recognized by the Russians. In Siberia, the wild lily sarana, or "royal curls", grows, about which they even made a legend, as if it had grown from the heart of a Cossack who died during the conquest of Siberia by Ermak, and since then a flower with intricately curved orange petals has magical properties transmitted to it by a Cossack , - inspires courage and stamina in warriors.
Many stories, legends and legends are associated with lilies.Lily martagon, according to ancient Roman tradition, helped the soldiers become courageous and brave. Going to battle, the legionnaires took martagon bulbs with them and ate before battles, while their fatigue disappeared and confidence in victory appeared.
A very similar legend existed in Siberia. She told that the saranka lily was born from the heart of a warrior who bravely defended his land from enemy raids. And if the bulb of this lily is taken on the battlefield, it will protect from death in battle. And if you also eat it, then the heart will be filled with courage, and the warrior will become invincible. The Persians have a similar legend.Who knows, maybe, indeed, the sarankas gave courage to the rebellious archpriest Avvakum, who was serving a link in Eastern Siberia and accepted a heroic death. Living in Transbaikalia, the exiled archpriest prepared the bulbs of this lily for his family.
It is possible that locust bulbs really give confidence to a person, because the alkaloids of this plant are still poorly understood ...According to legend, the poor after the death of Yesugei-Bagadur, his widow Hoelun and son Temujin, who later proclaimed the Divine Genghis Khan, ate saranka. But it is unlikely that the memories of a hungry childhood were pleasant to Genghis Khan.
A certain role in the love for this plant was played by the gastronomic preferences of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, for whom sarana was a familiar product, the same as potatoes for us. So, the Buryats, Tofalars, Orochi carried out a massive collection of sarana bulbs in autumn, which they stored in dried form.
In Russia, the saranka was dug on Yegoriev spring day. Saran was eaten raw (they taste like an unroasted chestnut), but more often they were boiled in milk or baked in ashes. Often sweet and floury in taste, the root of sarana replaced bread. Five or six lily bulbs are enough to feed an adult.
According to the testimony of the medieval Persian historian Rashid ad-Din, the poor even paid the ransom for the bride with the roots of the sarana.
Sarana was also used during religious ceremonies. So, during the Tol-ard holiday, the Nivkhs cajoled the spirit of water with dishes from the roots of locust and other forest herbs. At the same time, the Nivkhs put treats on the water and said: "Spirit of the water, do not be offended by us, bring us good luck and a lot of fish and sea animals." This custom has survived to this day.And in conclusion, I would like to say that looking at all this flower beauty that has appeared here on the blog lately thanks to a very good modest person, I would like to quote the following poetic lines that subtly resonate with the thoughts of the photographer ....
"Let's walk slowly across the meadow
And "Hello!" Say to each flower.
I have to bend over the flowers
Not to tear or cut,
And to see their kind faces
And show them a good face