Specially protected natural territories of the Far East. Atlas of Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Far East published Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Far East

specially protected natural areas in the Khabarovsk Territory

The Khabarovsk Territory has all the main categories of specially protected natural areas (SPNA), specific gravity which makes up 8.5% of the territory of the region (without water areas and protected zones), including:

• federal significance
• state natural reserves - 6 objects with a total area of ​​1,699.2 thousand hectares (including the marine area - 53.7 thousand hectares) with 5 protected zones (407.3 thousand hectares) and one protected zone with an area of ​​11.16 thousand .ha of the state natural reserve "Bastak", located on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region;
• national parks - 2 objects with an area of ​​944.87 thousand hectares (including the marine area - 274.28 thousand hectares);
• state natural reserves - 5 objects with a total area of ​​774.98 thousand hectares.
• marginal value
• state natural reserves - 26 objects with a total area of ​​2,611.8 thousand hectares;
• ecological corridors - 8 objects with a total area of ​​300.9 thousand hectares;
• wetland - 1 object with an area of ​​310 thousand hectares;
• natural monuments - 61 objects with a total area of ​​181.8 thousand hectares;
• natural parks - 3 objects with a total area of ​​160.8 thousand hectares;
• dendrological park- 1 facility with an area of ​​197 hectares.
• local value - 67 objects with a total area of ​​37.5 thousand hectares.

State natural reserves

Bolshekhekhtsirsky State Nature Reserve with a total area of ​​45.34 thousand hectares was created on October 3, 1963 to preserve the unique isolated low-mountain landscapes of the Ussuri taiga of the Bolshoy Khekhtsir ridge near Khabarovsk, one of the largest cities in the Far East. The reserve is located within the administrative boundaries of the Khabarovsk and Lazo districts.

The nature of the reserve is unique and is represented by the richest biological diversity. More than 60 types of forests grow here, of which the most valuable are cedar-broad-leaved and mixed forests. In total, 1,057 species of vascular plants have been noted on the territory of the reserve and its buffer zone, of which 57 are included in the Red Books Russian Federation and Khabarovsk Territory. 293 species of algae, 823 species of fungi, 148 species of lichens have been described.

The fauna of the reserve is diverse. In the list of insects only Lepidoptera - 2294 species, and about 3800 species of insects in total. Of the 57 species of mammals, there are both widespread in Eurasia and typically Asian. The Amur tiger regularly enters the reserve; in the past, a large predator was a permanent inhabitant of the Khekhtsir forests. A rare relic reptile lives in the reservoirs of the reserve - the Far Eastern soft-bodied turtle. The world of birds has 241 species, the forests of Khekhtsir are inhabited by representatives of the northern taiga, mixed forests of the temperate zone and southern broad-leaved forests. The rivers are inhabited by fish of the mountain and lowland ichthyocomplexes.

Of the species of animals and plants listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the reserve is found: the Amur tiger, peregrine falcon, eagle owl, white-tailed eagle, mandarin duck, paradise flycatcher, Far Eastern tortoise, Maaka swallowtail, relic barbel, Schreber's brazenia, real slipper, Japanese bearded and others.

State Natural Reserve "Bologna" with a total area of ​​103.6 thousand hectares was organized on November 18, 1997 in pursuance of the obligations arising from the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as Waterfowl Habitats and in order to preserve the unique natural wetland complexes of the Bologne Lake basin. It is located on the territories of the Amur and Nanai regions in the lowest part of the Middle Amur lowland (in the lower reaches of the Simmi and Selgon rivers, including part of Lake Bolon). The flora of the reserve includes many endemic, relic and rare plants - Chinese trapella, obovate peony, xiphoid iris, Nipponian diascorea and other species. In the lands of Lake Bolon, there is a high concentration of rare and endangered species of birds included in the Red Books of various levels: the Far Eastern stork, Japanese crane, osprey, white-tailed eagle and others. Up to several hundred thousand geese, ducks and other waterfowl and near-water birds live and visit here on migration. Also, this territory is the most important station for spawning, development of young animals and feeding of many species of fish of the Amur ichthyocomplex. The reserve is maternity hospital» the local moose population.

Botchinsky State Nature Reserve organized in 1994 with the aim of studying and preserving the South Okhotsk biocenoses and biological diversity. It is located in the Botchi river basin on the eastern spurs of the northern Sikhote-Alin ridge in the Sovetsko-Gavansky district on an area of ​​267.38 thousand hectares. A buffer zone with a total area of ​​81,000 hectares has been created around the reserve to reduce anthropogenic impact. Among the indigenous vegetation, the most important role is played by dark coniferous forests, represented by spruce forests; larch, coniferous-broad-leaved and small-leaved forests are also widespread. The specificity of the biodiversity of the vegetation cover of the reserve lies in the peculiarity of the combination of species of different origin, forming unique communities, analogues of which are difficult to find in the Far East region.

Bureinsky State Nature Reserve created in 1987 in the zone of light-coniferous taiga of the Okhotsk type on the spurs of the Bureinsky Range to preserve the reference mountain-taiga landscapes. The area of ​​the reserve is 358.444 thousand hectares, including the buffer zone - 53.3 thousand hectares. The reserve occupies the basin of the rivers Right and Left Bureya in the Verkhnebureinsky district of the region. With the ascent to the mountains, three altitudinal-vegetative belts are replaced. The unique objects of the reserve are glacial lakes, waterfalls, picturesque rocks of the Dusse-Alin mountain range, which in 2008 received the status of "One of the Seven Wonders of the Khabarovsk Territory".

Except common species Rare and endangered species inhabit the territory of the reserve: wild grouse, black crane, black stork, white-tailed eagle, osprey, Eversmann's Apollo, bulbous calypso, rosea rhodiola, two-row lily, etc.

State Nature Reserve "Dzhugdzhursky" was created in the Ayano-Maisky district of the Khabarovsk Territory on September 10, 1990 in order to preserve and study the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems. The total area of ​​the reserve is 859.956 thousand hectares (including the marine area of ​​53.7 thousand hectares), captures the central part of the Dzhugdzhur ridge, the southern part of the Pribrezhny ridge and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Around the protected area, by a decree of the head of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory in 1992, a buffer zone was created with a total area of ​​252.5 thousand hectares (including the sea area of ​​7 thousand hectares).

Coniferous plantations (larch, pine, spruce) predominate on the territory of the reserve. The total number of vascular plants is 753 species, of which 6 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia (Ayan valerian, large-flowered venus slipper, bulbous calypso, large-leaved borodinia, unexpected Smelovskaya, rosea rhodiola). The fauna is dominated by mountain taiga species (brown bear, elk, sable, wolverine, capercaillie, nutcracker, etc.), there are typically arctic species (grouse, buzzard), as well as Central Asian species (bighorn sheep, black-capped marmot, mountain pipit). ) kinds. Of the 47 species of mammals, one species is listed in the Red Book of Russia - the sea lion. Of the 185 species of birds, 14 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including the white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, fish owl.

State Natural Reserve "Komsomolsky" was created simultaneously with the Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve (October 3, 1963) to protect the cedar-broad-leaved taiga in the Lower Amur region. Until 1980, the reserve occupied the territory on the right bank of the Amur River in the left bank of the Khungari River, but after the catastrophic fires, the reserve territory was reorganized, and it was moved to the left bank of the Amur River, in the lower reaches of the Gorin River. The protected area with an area of ​​64.413 thousand hectares and the protected area with an area of ​​9.831 thousand hectares are located in the Komsomolsky district.

On the territory of the reserve there are the following endangered species of animals and plants included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: black crane, wild grouse, mandarin duck, Steller's sea eagle and white-tailed eagle, Japanese bearded eagle, spiky yew, etc. In the Gorin river basin there are good spawning grounds for autumn chum salmon, visits of the Amur tiger are noted.

National parks

national park"Anyuisky" with a total area of ​​429.37 thousand hectares, was established by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 15, 2007 No. 183-r within the administrative boundaries of the Nanai district in order to protect, study and recreation of the natural complexes of the river basin. Anyui, represented by low-mountain mixed forests and swampy, in the lower reaches, floodplain of the river. Anyui. The territory of coniferous-deciduous forests is clearly differentiated into low-mountain and flat parts and is characterized by high biodiversity: in the north-eastern part of the park there is the largest boundary between the two largest botanical and geographical regions of Eurasia. Boreal, nemoral, and mountain-tundra biomes coexist here, in which relics of various ages and origins have been preserved. The uniqueness of the flora, numbering 867 species of vascular plants, is given by relict families. Living fossils grow in the park - Chinese trapella, water chestnut, small egg capsule, tetrahedral egg capsule and others.

The protected area is a permanent habitat for the Amur tiger, to the north the tiger is already only during visits. 8-12 tigers live here permanently, and several more tigers regularly enter the protected area. The conservation regime and ongoing biotechnical measures help to preserve the breeding group of a large predator.

The biological and landscape value of the park lies in the river. Anyui, which is the last (upstream of the Amur) large salmon river in the zone of cedar-deciduous forests. The rich and diverse ichthyofauna suggests the development of a tourist destination - recreational fishing.

Within the territory of national park there is a high saturation of vertebrate species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Territory - now 80 such species are known. There are 40 species of plants that have the status of "rare" and "endangered" in the national park.

Shantar Islands National Park established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2013 No. 1304 in the Tuguro-Chumikansky district of the Khabarovsk Territory in order to protect and study the unique island ecosystems of the Far East, which have typical features of the northern taiga and mountain tundra with elements of original flora. The total area of ​​the park is 515.5 thousand hectares, including 274.284 thousand hectares of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

The archipelago includes 15 large islands and many small islets, rocks and kekurs. The climate here is even harsher than in the very north of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. This is due to the proximity of the cold regions of Yakutia, as well as a complex system of tidal and wind currents. The local tides are very impressive, reaching a height of 5-8 m at a current speed of up to 8 knots. The straits at this time resemble fast-flowing noisy rivers and the roar of tidal water can be heard for several kilometers. Within the archipelago, the fauna and flora of the sea are peculiar. These are islands of contrasts: shady forests and plains at the mouths of rivers. Flora has 842 species higher plants, of which 15 species are included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Territory. Rhodiola rosea (golden root) is numerous, original plant communities are found everywhere. In the rivers there are large spawning grounds for salmon fish, and on the shelf of the islands there are spawning grounds for herring, navaga, and flounder. Crabs are quite numerous. Only in the Srednaya River, the only place on the entire coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bOkhotsk, lives the "Red Book" fish mykizha.

The bear is the rightful owner of the Shantar taiga. The island conditions of its existence are close to ideal, hence the high abundance of the animal. Foxes are numerous on the islands, sable, river otter live. Pinniped rookeries have been preserved here, whales regularly swim into the water area, and groups of killer whales are often found in these waters. But the world of birds of the archipelago is especially diverse, which has 240 species, observed during nesting and during periods of migration. Steller's sea eagle - business card archipelago, its local population is the largest on the Okhotsk coast, in such a limited space. Of the other rare birds noted: osprey, Okhotsk snail, Aleutian tern, mountain snipe, long-billed murrelet and others. Bird markets are numerous on the islands.

The geology of the islands is very interesting. Their shores are a kind of open-air geological museum. Everywhere there are rocks painted in the most unimaginable colors: red, green, pink, white, corresponding to the outcrops of jasper, marble, malachite and other rocks.

State nature reserves of federal significance

State natural reserves are territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance. On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory there are 5 state nature reserves of federal significance. The total area occupied by these reserves is 774.98 thousand hectares.

List of state nature reserves of federal significance

State natural reserves of regional significance

Reserves of regional significance (26 objects) occupy an area of ​​2611.8 thousand hectares and have a complex and biological profile. Complex (landscape) reserves are intended for the conservation and restoration of natural complexes (natural landscapes), biological reserves - for the conservation and restoration of rare and endangered plant and animal species, including economically, scientifically and culturally valuable species.

List of state nature reserves of regional significance

natural parks

Natural parks are environmental recreational institutions under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of significant environmental and aesthetic value, and are intended for use in environmental, educational and recreational purposes.

The following tasks are assigned to natural parks:

Preservation of the natural environment, natural landscapes;

Creation of conditions for recreation (including mass recreation) and preservation of recreational resources;

Development and implementation effective methods nature protection and maintaining the ecological balance in the conditions of recreational use of the territories of natural parks.

On the territory of natural parks, activities that entail a change in the historically established natural landscape, a decrease or destruction of the ecological, aesthetic and recreational qualities of natural parks, a violation of the maintenance regime for historical and cultural monuments are prohibited.

List of natural parks

Ecological corridors

Ecological corridors are organized, as a rule, between specially protected natural areas in the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as between them and their adjacent borders to the administrative border of the Khabarovsk Territory, protected areas of other subjects of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in order to ensure the preservation of spatial genetic links and the integrity of the Amur population. tiger in the Far East.

List of ecological corridors

Monuments of nature

Monuments of nature - unique, irreplaceable, valuable in ecological, scientific, cultural and aesthetic terms, natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin.

In the territories where natural monuments are located, and within the boundaries of their protected zones, any activity that entails a violation of the preservation of natural monuments is prohibited.

There are no natural monuments of federal significance on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. There are 61 objects that have the status of natural monuments of regional significance. Among the most famous natural monuments of regional importance are the "Landslide Lake Amut" in the Solnechny municipal district, the "Arboretum" in the center of Khabarovsk, the "Shaman" rock outcrop in the Komsomolsk municipal district.

Dendrological parks and botanical gardens

The status of a dendrological park has one natural object - the Khabarovsk dendrological park, located in the village of Sosnovka of the Khabarovsk municipal district at the breeding and seed-growing forestry center. The area of ​​the park is 197 hectares. In accordance with the decree of the head of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory dated July 16, 1997 No. 306 "On the Khabarovsk Dendrological Park", the park performs the functions of preserving diversity and enriching the flora, as well as carrying out scientific, educational and educational activities.

Wetlands

There are two territories of wetlands of international importance in the region: “Lake Udyl” and “Lake Bolon”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 13, 1994 No. 1050 “On measures to ensure the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian side arising from the Convention on Water -wetlands of international importance, mainly as habitats for waterfowl.

The law of the Khabarovsk Territory dated July 26, 2005 No. 290 “On the implementation of the powers of the Khabarovsk Territory in the field of creating and ensuring the protection of specially protected natural areas” establishes the category of a specially protected natural territory of regional significance - a wetland of regional significance.

Decree of the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory of December 25, 2015 in the Solnechny municipal district in order to preserve and restore typical wetland landscapes of high environmental and economic importance, as well as rare and endangered species of plants and animals included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk region, a wetland of regional significance "Lake Evoron and the Evur River" with an area of ​​310 thousand hectares was created.

Protected Areas of Local Importance

According to the information provided by local governments, there are 67 specially protected natural areas of local importance in the territory of the region. All local protected areas are under the jurisdiction of local governments. Among the protected areas of local importance there are territories where there are green areas, urban forests, city parks, monuments landscape gardening art protected coastlines, protected river systems, protected natural landscapes, caves, etc.

The categories of specially protected natural areas of local importance are established by the law of the Khabarovsk Territory dated July 26, 2005 No. 290 “On the implementation of the powers of the Khabarovsk Territory in the field of creating and ensuring the protection of specially protected natural areas”.

In addition to those officially established on the territory of the region, a number of unique natural objects have been identified that do not have the status of protected areas and need to establish a special protection regime for their conservation.

In Vladivostok on June 9-10 on about. Russian on the campus of FEFU hosted the Third Far Eastern Media Summit. For the first time, representatives of protected areas in the south of the Russian Far East took part in its work.

The specially protected natural territories of the south of the Russian Far East open the doors for a comprehensive and mutually beneficial partnership with the media, which contributes to the formation of a favorable and positive image of the region. This position was expressed by representatives of 21 specially protected natural areas in the south of the Far East and the Trans-Baikal Territory within the framework of the Third Far Eastern Media Summit held in Vladivostok on June 9-10 this year.

The venue for the MediaSummit once again was the Far East federal university, where specialists from not only the Far Eastern Federal District, but also representatives of the central media, Russian and foreign guests gathered to discuss topical issues in the field of mass communications.

The honorary participants of the MediaSummit were the Governor of the Primorsky Territory, Vladimir Miklushevsky, prominent figures in the information and communication sphere: Mikhail Seslavinsky, Ruslan Grinberg, Alexander Kopeyka, Andrey Ostrovsky, Arina Sharapova, as well as representatives of the Primorye legislature and a delegation from China.

Among the more than two thousand participants of the Media Summit were representatives of print, television, radio, media communications, recognized as the best in the country, as well as the Chinese media. And this is no coincidence. In any business, it is important to be equal to the best, advanced experience, to adopt successful approaches to solving professional problems. And since, according to the guests of honor speaking at the summit, journalism is not only a skill in the profession, but also a kind of art, a talent to keep the interest and attention of many in the information space of a rapidly changing modernity, the opportunity to participate in specialized meetings became important within the framework of the MediaSummit at the round table, exchange of experience, joint discussion of the tasks facing modern journalism and existing problems.

The presence of colleagues from China gave special expressiveness to the meeting of such a high level, since by the decision of the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin, in the current and subsequent 2017, the Year of Russian Media in China and the Year of Chinese Media in Russia are being held. The Chinese side has similar friendly initiatives, which was announced at the plenary session.

The section of specially protected natural territories of the south of the Far East within the framework of the MediaSummit was for the first time represented by specialists in environmental education, tourism, as well as press secretaries of the Far Eastern reserves and national parks, including the Khankai Reserve.

Among the large-scale expositions that unfolded within the walls of FEFU, they presented a specialized exhibition on the landscape and biological diversity of protected natural areas, as well as activities for its conservation.

Poster presentations, demonstration of videos, live communication at the exhibition exhibits, sale of souvenirs - everything was conducive to friendly communication between the participants of the event in order to get to know one or another protected area present at the exhibition, as well as jointly discuss plans for further constructive interaction between media workers and protected areas on the eve of the approaching Year of Ecology and the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Russian nature reserve system.

In addition, the prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation were discussed by journalists and employees of protected natural areas at a round table and as part of master classes on the topic “PAs as creators of the information field for the media”, organized by the Amur branch of WWF Russia.

Thus, specialists from protected areas proposed to involve public opinion on a larger scale through the media on the problems of natural fires, illegal fishing, environmental protection activities of protected areas, and promotion of ecological tourism as one of the main forms of reasonable and sparing nature management. Journalists, supporting the proposed initiatives, confirmed the high interest in such information and spoke in favor of the need for its timely presentation in a modern, dynamic and attractive style for the consumer.

It was also possible to continue the discussion of the issues raised by the MediaSummit within the framework of a seminar organized by the Amur branch of WWF Russia for PA specialists on the topic “Mass events as a form of work with the local population and an information occasion for promoting PAs”.

The material was prepared by the Department of Environmental
education of the reserve "Khankaisky"

Recently, a truly unique Atlas of Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Far Eastern Region has been published, where a separate section includes information about the protected areas of Yakutia, including cartographic materials, analytical reviews, photographic materials.

As part of the work of the Second Baikal Ecological Water Forum, held on September 20-21 in Irkutsk, the author of the publication Tatyana Kalikhman presented and presented to the Yakut ecologists, workers of protected areas in the person of acting. Minister of Ecology, Nature Management and Forestry Sakhamina Afanasyeva, Atlas of Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Far Eastern Federal District, in which one third is occupied by the system of protected areas of Yakutia.

The publication contains detailed information about the unique places of Yakutia - reserves of federal status, natural parks, state nature reserves and resource reserves.

It should be noted that in Yakutia at present the total area of ​​specially protected natural areas is 1,154 thousand square meters. km,or about 37.4% of the entire territory of the republic.

The Atlas is addressed to a wide range of specialists: ecologists, geographers, biologists, specialists from local authorities, as well as teachers and teachers, students and schoolchildren, local historians and all nature lovers.

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The creation of the Atlas became possible thanks to the scientific potential of the creative team of the Institute of Geography of the SB RAS and the support of the Russian Geographical Society. The publication was developed and prepared for publication under the guidance of Tatyana Kalikhman, a researcher at the Laboratory of Physical Geography and Landscape Mapping of the Institute of Geography named after A.I. V.B. Sochavy SB RAS.

To develop a section on Yakutia, the publishing group carried out expeditionary work in the Khangalassky ulus. She studied the landscape of the republic's protected areas using the example of protected areas in three central districts. Together with the head of the Khangalas Inspectorate for Nature Protection and the state inspectors for nature protection of the Directorate of Bioresources and Protected Areas of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the territories of the Jorono, Kharyyalakh and Kenkeme resource reserves were examined.

In the collection of materials on the republic, a working group headed by the Deputy Minister Yakov Zarovnyaev. Members working group visited many protected areas of the republic to obtain detailed information and photographic materials, analyze and evaluate the available data on the network of the republican system of protected areas.

The Ministry of Ecology, as a token of gratitude for the contribution to the development of the Atlas, presented the project manager, Doctor of Geography, Honored Ecologist of Russia Tatyana Kalikhman and the organizer of field work, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Honored Traveler of Russia Arkady Kalikhman, for departmental awards.

In the reserve and its buffer zone, it is prohibited to take any animals and plants, pollute the natural environment, move ships and vehicles, enter, live on the coast and islands. An extensive buffer zone in the form of the projected Marine Park in the Peter the Great Bay will play an auxiliary, but essential role in the protection of the FESGMZ.

The species composition of animals and plants in the reserve is very diverse, which is associated with a significant variety of living conditions. As a result, there are both warm-water - subtropical and even tropical species, as well as cold-water - boreal and boreal-arctic; from here, their larvae spread to neighboring areas of Peter the Great Bay. The hydrology of the water area of ​​the reserve is also essential for the richness of marine life.

There are 3 main vertical zones in the coastal zone: supralittoral, littoral and sublittoral. The supralittoral, or splash zone, is located above the upper level of the highest calculated tide. However, due to wind waves and especially during storms, the sea throws algae and various bottom invertebrates here. In addition, small crustaceans, some beetles and their larvae, wingless insects, and worms constantly live here. Especially large accumulations of algae and animals thrown out by the sea are noted on sandy beaches.

The next zone - the littoral, or the tidal zone - occupies the strip from the highest calculated tide to the lowest low tide. The lower boundary of the littoral is taken as 0 depths, and from it the depth and height marks are counted, plotted on sea charts. The littoral is characterized by certain animals and plants adapted to life in these peculiar conditions. In summer, during low tide, the temperature in the littoral rises significantly, in winter, ice floes moving under the influence of waves have an abrasive effect on animals and plants, and during a storm they are beaten by waves. In this regard, the organisms inhabiting the littoral have adaptive adaptations that allow them to live in this zone. They crawl into crevices and puddles between stones, cling to them or attach themselves to hard surfaces.

The largest number of species of animals and plants inhabits the sublittoral, located from the lower boundary of the littoral to a depth of 200 m. Among the population of the waters of the reserve there are more than 200 species of macroalgae and 200 species of fish, more than 300 species of bivalve and gastropod mollusks, more than 200 species of marine worms, about 100 species crustaceans, 40 - echinoderms, and other groups of cold-water - boreal-arctic and warm-water - subtropical and even tropical invertebrate marine organisms are also numerous. Tropical sharks and sea snakes have been encountered in the waters of the reserve.

2.2. Ussuri Nature Reserve named after V. L. Komarov

The main wealth of the Ussuriysky Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous-broad-leaved forests, which are almost not preserved either in the Russian Far East or in neighboring countries.
The reserve bears the name of academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov, the largest domestic botanist, researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to give a description of this territory, having visited it in 1913.
The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

The purpose of the reserve

1. Protection of intact mountain-forest ecosystems of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, their flora and fauna, largely related to the Manchurian complex, with a high level of endemism.

2. Preservation of rare species of plants and animals.

The reserve is located in the southern part of Primorsky Krai on the territory of two districts (Ussuriysky and Shkotovsky) on the southern slopes of the Przhevalsky mountains. The area of ​​the protected area is 40432 hectares. There is no high mountains(maximum height - 498 m, Mount Grabovaya), and swift rivers. Its wealth is a relatively large array of virgin liana coniferous-deciduous forests, almost not preserved on the territory of the Russian Far East and neighboring countries.

868 species of vascular plants grow here, including 15 species listed in the Red Books of the USSR and Russia (true ginseng, dense-flowered pine, high trap, etc.), 252 species of bryophytes, 118 - lichens, 1364 - mushrooms, 210 - algae.

Vertebrate animals are represented by 62 species of mammals (including Red Data Book species - giant shrew, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, spotted deer, Himalayan bear, etc.); more than 160 species of birds (among them Red Book species - mandarin duck, black stork, needle-footed owl, hawk hawk, crested honey buzzard, etc.), 7 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians (including the Ussuri lungless clawed newt listed in the IUCN Red Book), 12 species of fish and cyclostomes.

The world of invertebrates is no less rich, 32 species are rare and endangered (Uvarov's grasshopper, narrow-breasted ground beetle, etc.). On the territory of the reserve live the largest beetle of the fauna of Russia - the relic barbel, large tropical butterflies - Saturnia Artemis, Bramea Tancre, tail-bearer Maak, freshwater mollusk - Primorskaya pearl mussel is found here.

In general, the reserve plays an important role in the protection of rare species of plants and animals. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out here, including those of direct economic importance (in particular, on the study of melliferous, medicinal, and fruit plants).

2.3. National Park "Udege Legend"

The national park "Udege legend" was created on June 09, 2007, located in the Krasnoarmeysky district of the Primorsky Territory of the Russian Federation. It includes part of the basin of the Bolshaya Ussurka River in its middle course and the lower part of the Armu River, as well as the lower part of the Perevalnaya River valley. On the adjacent territory, in the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park, there are three settlements: Dalniy Kut village, Dersu village and Ostrovnoe village.

The main role in its formation is played by the valleys of the rivers Bolshaya Ussurka and its large right tributary - Armu, dividing the territory into three large parts.
The highest elevation within the territory is Mount Armu (1330 m). The height of the watershed ridges and mountain peaks varies from 650 to 1100 m. The bottom of the river valleys is located at elevations of 180 - 550 m.
The elephants of the mountains are covered with forests with a predominance of coniferous trees, broad-leaved species dominate in the valley part, and rock outcrops and kurumniks can also be found on the slopes of the mountains.

Among the tasks facing the national park are the preservation of the valley complex of the rivers of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, the creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism, the introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs, and the involvement of the local population in environmental protection activities. The historical and archaeological value of the territory also attracts attention - 28 archaeological monuments of various historical eras are registered here, ranging from Stone Age sites to medieval settlements.

Purpose of creation:

Preservation of the valley complex of the rivers of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin; revival of the ethnic culture of the Iman Udege; creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism; introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs in the region and the region, involvement of the local population in environmental activities.

The national park plays an important role in the conservation of the Amur tiger, as it is one of its main habitats in winter. In the cedar-broad-leaved forests growing on the territory of the park, more than 40 species of rare and requiring special protection of plant species have been registered, about 70 species of birds nest, including 9 rare ones (fish owl, black stork, mandarin duck, black crane, etc.), over 25 species of mammals and about 10 thousand species of insects, 28 of which are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
In the territory of the park, since ancient times, the indigenous people of the Udege have been conducting traditional nature management. The local Udege also have their own sacred places, bequeathed to them by their ancestors, keeping their spirituality, history, energy, capable of influencing the fate of the taiga dweller. The valley of the Bolshaya Ussurka River (the old name is Iman) has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Monuments of archeology, various cultures and peoples are found here everywhere. Currently, 116 people from among the indigenous peoples of the Far East live in the park and its environs. 45 historical and archaeological monuments and 5 ethnological objects used by the Udege for religious rites and rituals were found here. One of these places is the tract "Orochonsky God", widely known among the inhabitants of the Krasnoarmeisky district. Here, tourists usually leave rag bundles, traditional for the Udege, on the branches of a tree and cook a light lunch on a fire near the bank of the Armu River. In the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park there are three settlements - the village of Dalniy Kut - 230 inhabitants, the village of Dersu - 37 inhabitants with a predominance of the Old Believer population of retirement age and the village of Ostrovnoye - 2 inhabitants.

a. Main objects of protection

The main protected objects are the following types:
birds: fish owl, black cormorant, black stork, scaly merganser, mandarin duck, hawk hawk, wild grouse, honey buzzard, white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, Far Eastern stork;
mammals: Amur tiger, Himalayan bear;
reptiles: Far Eastern tortoise, Amur snake, line;
fish: taimen, trout;

insects: relic barbel, vicarious earwig, cave grasshopper, Schrenk's ground beetle, Maksimovich's beauty, pyrocelia firefly, moss bumblebee, Schrenk's bumblebee, modestus bumblebee, rarest bumblebee, Chersky's bumblebee, lyometopum ant,
palearctic nose, epicopeia, Artemis saturnia, Tacre's brameya, serpentine-winged scoop, fluffy-winged scoop, magnificent moth, blue sash, poppy swallowtail, common swallowtail, Eversmann's Apollo, Gero's sennitsa, Schrenk's iris, iris, Japanese mourning

flora:
Vascular plants: Long-leaved pyrrosia, Tamaris moss, Coniogram medium, Pointed yew, Symplocarpus bud-leaved, Two-row lily, Pennsylvania lily, Bush lily, Callosity lily, Dwarf lily, Dioscorea japanese, Spotted slipper, Large-flowered slipper, True slipper, Efipiantis Sakhalin, Japanese beard , Lichnis sparkling, Euryale awesome, Small capsule, Peony lactiflora, Peony obovate, Chinese lemongrass, Pacific bergenia, True ginseng, Rhododendron spiky, Abelia Korean, Popoviocodonia narrow-fruited, Microbiota cross-pair, Calypso tuberous, Bedstraw amazing;
Plant communities: Geomorphological complex of associations valley cedar-broad-leaved forests; The group of associations is broad-leaved-cedar forests with spiky yew; A group of associations of cedar forests with ash coniogram; Group of associations spruce tussock and sedge; Larch forest formation.

Literature:

1. Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Reserve. Research Rep. ed. A.N. Tyurin Vladivostok: Dalnauka T.1. 848 p. 2004

2. http://www.pgpb.ru/cd/primor/zap_prim/ussuri/usop.htm. Usuri State Reserve named after V.L.Komarov

3. N.G. Vasiliev, E.N. Matyushkin, Yu.V. Kuptsov, 1985

4 A.V. Zhirmunsky, E.V. Krasnov, L.P. Perestenko, V.P. Shunts. Far Eastern Marine Reserve. // Reserves of the USSR. Reserves of the Far East. - M, Thought, 1985

5. http://oopt.info/index.php? oopt=1431 Udege Legend National Park

6. http://www.ud-legend.ru/ Udege Legend National Park

7. Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005.

8. Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005 ..

9. Article 7 of the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”.

10. Art. 243 "Destruction or damage to monuments of history and culture" of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Application

Ussuriyskiy im. acad. V.L. Komarova

Far Eastern Marine
biosphere reserve

Udege legend
national park

Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005. S.45-49.

Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005. P.123.

Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005. S.203

Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories".