Lifespan of playgrounds legislation. Children's playground: construction of a play area for children at their summer cottage
Clarifications on the maintenance and operation of children's playgrounds and sports grounds.
Basic definitions.
Equipment (children's playground) - equipment with which or on which children can play indoors or outdoors in children's playgrounds, individually or in a group, at their own discretion and according to their own rules.
Children's playground cover- a section of the surface of a children's playground with dimensions not less than the child's landing zone, used in conjunction with equipment.
Note: the coating can be sand, soil, lawn, rubber, polymer, etc.
Child free fall height - the maximum height from the base of the playground equipment from which a child can fall to the landing zone.
Note: supporting surfaces include surfaces on which the child can stand and access to which is provided (ladder, stepladder, ladder or other game element).
Wshe touchdown baby- the area of the surface of the children's playground, on which the child falls as a result of free fall.
Play area for children's playground - the space of a children's playground in which equipment is installed and the safety of children is ensured.
Child stuck in playground equipment - a dangerous situation where the body, body part or clothing of a child gets stuck in the structural elements of the playground equipment.
Hard-to-reach playground equipment - equipment for a children's playground, the design of which specifically provides for restricting access to it by children of a particular age group.
Children's playground slide - children's playground equipment with an inclined sliding surface on which the child slides down under the influence of gravity.
Toachele children's playground - children's playground equipment driven by a child, the mass of which is located below the hinge, relative to which the swing is performed.
Requirements for the safe installation of equipment are listed in Table 1.
Table 1.
Play equipment | Requirements |
Swing | The height from ground level to the seat of the swing at rest must be at least 350 mm and not more than 635 mm. No more than two seats are allowed in one swing frame. In a double swing, a seat for small children (cradle) and a flat seat for older children should not be used together. |
rocking chairs | The height from the ground to the seat in equilibrium should be 550-750 mm. The maximum inclination of the seat when moving back and forth is no more than 20 °. The design of the rocking chair should not allow the legs of the child sitting in it to fall under the supporting parts of the rocking chair, should not have sharp corners, the radius of their rounding should be at least 20 mm |
Carousels | The minimum distance from ground level to the lower rotating structure of the carousel shall be not less than 60 mm and not more than 110 mm. The bottom surface of the turntable must be smooth. The maximum height from the bottom level of the carousel to its top point is 1 m |
Slides | Access to the slide is through a ladder, climbing section or other devices. The height of the slope of a free-standing slide should not exceed 2.5 m, regardless of the type of access. The width of an open and straight slide is not less than 700 mm and not more than 950 mm. The launch pad is at least 300 mm long with a slope of up to 5°, but, as a rule, the width of the pad should be equal to the horizontal projection of the glide area. On a free-standing slide, the height of the side railing at the launch pad must be at least 0.75 m. The angle of inclination of the slide section must not exceed 60° at any point. At the end of the slope, the average slope should not exceed 10 °. The edge of the slope of the slide must be bent towards the ground with a radius of at least 50 mm and a bend angle of at least 100 °. The distance from the edge of the slope of the hill to the ground should be no more than 100 mm. The height of the enclosing ledge in the final section with a length of the sliding section of less than 1.5 m - no more than 200 mm, with a length of the sliding section of more than 1.5 m - no more than 350 mm. The slide tunnel must have a minimum height and width of 750 mm |
When placing gaming equipment on playgrounds, minimum safety distances must be observed in accordance with table 2.
Table 2.
Within the specified distances, it is not allowed to place other types of gaming equipment, benches, urns, side stones and hard surfaces, as well as branches, trunks, tree roots on the sites of the site.
There should be an information stand on the territory of the children's playground. "Rules for the operation of a children's playground." The stand contains information about the gaming equipment, the manufacturer of the gaming equipment, the purpose of the equipment and the requirements for safe operation playground equipment.
To ensure safety at the children's playground, the operator develops and installs information boards or boards containing:
Rules and age requirements for using the equipment;
Telephone numbers of the rescue service, ambulance;
Telephone number(s) for reporting equipment malfunctions and breakdowns to the maintenance service.
Entrances, exits, evacuation routes, passages intended for workers of the rescue service, ambulance, operation service must always be accessible, open and free from obstacles.
Equipment malfunctions detected during operation that reduce safety must be immediately eliminated. If this is not possible, then measures are taken to ensure that the equipment cannot be used, or the equipment is displayed and removed from the playing area.
Requirements for technical condition, maintenance
Standards GOST 18322-78 (ST SEV 5151-85) and GOST R 52301-2004 stipulate the requirements for the maintenance of playground equipment.
The equipment and its components are inspected and serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at intervals specified by the manufacturer. Control over the technical condition of the equipment and control of compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair is carried out by the operator (owner).
The results of monitoring the technical condition of the equipment and monitoring compliance with safety requirements, Maintenance and repairs are recorded in a log kept by the operator (owner).
Monitoring the technical condition of equipment includes:
Inspection and testing of equipment before commissioning;
Regular visual inspection;
Functional inspection;
Annual basic inspection.
Regular visual inspection can detect obvious malfunctions and foreign objects that pose a hazard caused by the use of the equipment, climatic conditions, acts of vandalism (for example, broken bottles, cans, plastic bags, damaged equipment). The frequency of regular visual inspection is established by the operator (owner) based on the operating conditions. Playground equipment subject to heavy use or acts of vandalism requires a daily visual inspection.
Functional inspection is a detailed inspection to check the serviceability and stability of the equipment, to detect wear of the equipment structural elements.
Inspection is carried out at intervals of once every 1 to 3 months. in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Particular attention is paid to hidden, hard-to-reach equipment elements.
The annual main inspection for the purpose of assessing the compliance of the technical condition of the equipment with safety requirements is carried out at intervals of no more than once every 12 months.
During the annual main inspection determine:
The presence of rotting wooden elements;
Presence of corrosion of metal elements;
Influence of performed repairs on equipment safety.
Particular attention is paid to hidden, hard-to-reach equipment elements. The annual basic inspection is carried out by competent personnel in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
In order to control the frequency, completeness and correctness of the work performed during inspections of various types, the operator (owner) develops inspection schedules.
When drawing up a schedule, take into account:
manufacturer's instructions;
Climatic conditions, on which the frequency and content of work performed during inspections may depend.
The schedule lists the equipment and equipment items to be checked during various types inspections.
If during the inspection of the equipment defects affecting the safety of the equipment are found, the defects are immediately eliminated. If this is not possible, then measures are taken to ensure that the equipment cannot be used, or the equipment is dismantled and removed from the playing area.
After removing the equipment, the foundation remaining in the ground is also removed or fenced and covered from above so that the area of the playground is safe.
In order to avoid accidents and injuries to the child, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance of children's playgrounds, which includes measures to maintain the safety and quality of the equipment and surfaces of the children's playground.
Regular equipment maintenance activities include:
Checking and tightening the attachment points;
Equipment color update;
Maintenance of impact-absorbing coatings;
bearing lubrication;
Application of markings on equipment indicating the required level of shock-absorbing coatings from bulk materials;
Ensuring the cleanliness of equipment and coatings (removal of broken glass, debris and contaminants);
Restoration of shock-absorbing coatings from bulk materials and adjustment of their level;
Maintenance of security zone space.
In addition, during the operation of children's play equipment, over time, there is a need for repair work - these are:
Replacement of fasteners;
Replacement of equipment parts;
To ensure the safety of the equipment, changes to the design of the equipment or its components are allowed only after consultation and written agreement with the equipment manufacturer.
Visual and functional inspections
In the process of visual and functional inspections determine:
Cleanliness and appearance playground surfaces and equipment;
Compliance with the distances from the parts of the equipment to the surface of the playground;
The presence of protruding parts of the foundations;
The presence of defects / malfunctions of equipment elements;
Lack of equipment parts;
Excessive wear of moving parts of equipment;
The structural integrity of the equipment.
Examples of malfunctions during visual inspection (based on GOST R 52301-2004)
Item No. | Satisfactory condition | unsatisfactory condition |
Stand-alone slide | |
A suburban summer cottage does not let its owners get bored, and even more so in the summer. A good owner of the land has to do a lot of work: he is engaged in weeding the garden, watering the flowers in the flower beds, harvesting the ripe crop. Therefore, in order to swing in a hammock, there is little time left - except to relax between times.
Each of these activities is interesting and useful, but it can only be an interesting pastime for adults. Only at first everything seems interesting and worthy of their attention to children, and then their interest in endless beds passes, and they begin to get bored and whine.
Children's playgrounds for summer cottages, which are assembled from various game equipment, will help to get out of this situation. will be a favorite place for children to play, and will help him find new friends, because if slides and swings appear on your site, the neighborhood kids will spend all their time there with your children. Believe and agree that playground for giving is the best way take the kids.
How to choose a territory for a playground
At the very beginning, decide what size playground you want to build, that is, on what area of \u200b\u200bthe site you will place the playground. If your children are still very young (age from one to one and a half years), 6 square meters will be enough for them, on which a small sandbox and a swing are installed.
Choosing a place for the construction of a children's playground.
If you decide to equip playground on the suburban area for older children before school age, it should be more seriously equipped: a pool, a slide and a Swedish wall can be located on the site. And for all these shells you need big square– at least 9 square meters.
Children's playground with a complex of game equipment
Children who have reached school age will no longer be interested in playing on a playground equipped for preschoolers, so their playground should be equipped with adult equipment. Install horizontal bars, channels, basketball hoops on it - all this sports splendor must be allocated at least 15 square meters of land.
It is for this reason that if you have small children, equipping them with a playground, you need to consider the possibility of expanding it so that as the children grow up, add new sports equipment.
Older children can install a playground with a sports bias.
This can be achieved if you do not take up space around the site by building country buildings or planting horticultural crops. So that this place does not stand out as an unsightly spot, it can be ennobled with a lawn. Then, if necessary, on the site of the lawn, you can install a swing or a slide next to the play complex.
Comfortable and safe places for the playground
For safety and convenience, you can place children's playground closer to country house or close to the garden beds where you spend the most time. So you will see the children constantly and not worry about their safety.
Do not place a children's playground in a summer cottage in the shade. On hot, sunny summer days, this will seem like a great idea, but during gloomy autumn days, when everyone dreams of basking in the sun, it will be inconvenient.
Therefore, try to provide for such an arrangement of the playground so that any part of it remains under the sun. The rest can be covered with a canopy, an awning, which can be removed if desired, or under trees.
Choosing a good place for arranging a playground.
Try to take into account the prevailing winds before installing the playground in order to install wind barriers that protect playing children from piercing wind. The role of barriers can be a barrier, trees or a hedge.
Do not disregard the relief of the future children's playground. A site located in a lowland (it will be flooded with water during rains or snowmelt), or having multiple slopes, is not suitable for her.
If you cannot find the perfect flat area that is not subject to the accumulation of rainwater, then it remains to level the terrain with your own hands.
Dangerous for children and any kind of body of water if it is located directly next to the site. If your property has a lake, pond, or river, enclose it with a net, fence, or hedge.
Varieties of coatings for the playground
Playground for children in the summer cottage should have a coating that will soften the fall of the child. Sand is considered the simplest coating: for this, it is enough to lay sand on the ground, the layer thickness of which should be 10-15 cm.
However, such a coating has its drawbacks, the main of which is the constant scattering of sand outside the playground during strong winds or active games. To prevent this from happening, a fence is installed around the site, for which logs treated with a special anti-rotten compound are suitable, which will extend their service life.
What coating to choose for a children's playground.
If children prefer to play sports games or ride a bike, the sand surface is completely unsuitable for them. In this case, a denser coating is used - a lawn. However, lawns also have their drawbacks: they require serious and regular care: they need to be watered, cut, reseeded some areas that are bare or trampled down.
There is another option for a dense coating that is able to soften shocks well, but does not have the disadvantage inherent in lawns (this coating does not require special care). This is the use as a coating of synthetic polyurethane or rubber plates, 50 x 50 cm in size.
Currently, it is this modern material, which has high strength and elasticity, that is widely used to cover playgrounds. In addition, it is easy to wash off dirt, which is easily washed off with a water jet from a hose directed at the coating.
If you care about the functionality of the site coverage, then it is most effective to use a combined coverage. To do this, the play area located near the slide and the sandbox is covered with sand, the area where children play active games is covered with synthetic tiles or grass, and for cycling it is most convenient to lay concrete paths.
Varieties of game equipment for the playground
There is a great variety of play equipment for playground equipment, but the most popular are listed below. Your kids will love them.
Arrangement of a sandbox for children
Mandatory and indispensable attribute of playgrounds that are built for children younger age, is a sandbox. It can be assembled from finished products, for the manufacture of which wood or plastic is used. The sandbox can be of various shapes.
Construction of a children's sandbox at their summer cottage.
More convenient are sandbox models, which are containers filled with sand and having a removable lid. In such a sandbox, the sand will be protected from rain, falling leaves will not fall into it, and animals will not be able to use the sandbox as their toilet.
Modern models of sandboxes are made of plastic, are completely sealed, which increases their functionality. Such sandboxes can be used as pools.
The sandbox can be purchased at the store, or you can build it yourself if you have free time and boards or logs. This simple design assembles quickly and easily.
How to do on the playground without swings?
In the standard set used to build children's playgrounds, there is always a swing. When choosing such a design for preschool children, do not forget to pay attention: the seat of such a swing must be equipped with a back so that the baby does not fall off the swing.
Tire swing for a playground.
Older children will be more interested in swinging on a swing without a back, which are attached to solid metal bars or chains. Such more "adult" swings will allow the child to swing independently, standing or sitting.
The slide remains the dream of every child
Modern manufacturers most often offer slides made of plastic. It is very rare to find metal slides today - they are gradually going out of production.
A metal slide is durable and strong, but it costs more than plastic slides. In addition, if you carelessly descend from a metal slide, hitting it will be more painful than a plastic one.
Installation of a children's slide for skiing.
In addition, pay attention to the design of the slope (this is the lower part of the slide), which should be slightly rounded up and raised above the ground by 20-35 cm. If the slide does not have a slope, the child may fall to the ground when rolling off it, as a result what will be the pain and bruising.
Arrangement of a swimming pool for children
When choosing a pool for installation in a summer cottage, it is best to consider inflatable options. They have an affordable cost, are quickly and easily mounted, and when the child grows up, they can be easily and painlessly replaced with a more modern and up-to-date model.
By installing an inflatable pool on the site in the summer, you will bring positive emotions and joy to your children.
How to install a ready-made children's playground
Not always with owners summer cottages there is free time and a desire to equip a children's playground with their own hands. In this case, and if your cash, you can easily solve the problems associated with the arrangement of the playground.
Go to the construction center, and purchase any ready-made game complex. There are various complexes that are installed for a certain age group of children, or provide for the possibility to additionally equip the playground as the child grows up and his needs increase.
Almost all gaming complexes include the following elements:
- Sandbox.
- Gorku.
- Swing.
- Various ladders in the amount of several pieces.
- Playhouse, which is located on top of the entire structure.
The game complex can be of different sizes. There are complexes - little ones that can be placed on 10 square meters of land, as well as complexes - giants with complex architecture and multiple attractions, and occupying an area of more than 150 square meters.
Necessary shells and game complexes for the playground.
When choosing the optimal game shells, show utmost attention, since this concerns the very important point- safety of children. Therefore, before buying, you need to inspect each element of the design you like, whether their fastening is reliable.
If during the inspection you saw that the self-tapping screws are not fully screwed in, the sides of the slide are swaying, the plastic parts are cracked - these features do not inspire confidence, so it is better to refuse such products.
Even choosing a complex that does not have visible flaws, periodically, maximum once every three months, carefully inspect all its elements to be sure that nothing threatens the safety of your child.
The health of every child is in our hands. That's why we have to take care of where they play. Favorable conditions for the useful pastime of children will help to create high-quality playgrounds.
I. The procedure for establishing game structures
First stage
Only the owners can make a decision on modifying the common house territory. However, first you need to find out what, according to the plan, relies on the chosen place. The management company has documents that describe the land surveying of the local area. Paperwork must be provided upon request. There is a second way to get access to documents - ask for copies of them from the chairman of the house.
If according to the documents it turns out that it is supposed to be in the yard, then then you need to follow the instructions of the second stage. Sometimes it's not meant to be at all. In this case, seek a revision of the current survey.
Second phase
Arrange a remote meeting that will save time and nerves. It consists in the passage of apartments and the collection of signatures of residents. If most of the tenants are “Yes”, then proceed to the third stage. If many people are against it, then interested residents can buy a "place for games" by collecting the required amount among themselves.
Third stage
After a successful collection of signatures, an application is written for the installation of a playground addressed to the director management company. As a rule, it is filled in in any form and must be in two copies. After registering, the secretary gives one copy to the person who submitted the application. Now it remains to wait for the fulfillment of obligations.
1. Do not place play structures in places that are covered by other objects or buildings. Children should be in front of their parents.
2. A shaded place for the future complex is just as unsuitable as the north side of the site or house. After all, the earth after the winter will have to thaw longer, besides, humidity is not the best indicator. Choose places without water bodies.
3. If a breakdown was found during the assembly of the playground, then you should not fix it on your own.
4. It is best not to “reinvent the wheel” and entrust the assembly of such structures to professionals. Companies supplying this equipment also provide services for the installation of gaming complexes.
Now detailed instructions for assembling a playground must be printed in Russian, even if the equipment is made abroad. Therefore, you just need to follow all the instructions exactly and the installation will go smoothly and without problems.
III. Rules for installing a playground
- The space on which the game structures will be located is very important. Therefore, in order not to make a mistake, when choosing a place, make a table of its pros and cons. Below are tips for making the right choice.
- The top layer of the selected location should consist of either turf or artificial rubberized flooring. It is impossible to install the platform on a stone covering.
- Installation is carried out only according to the documents provided. Homemade parts are not allowed. Elements must not be interchanged during installation.
- If the designs contain mechanical parts, then the quality of the lubricant should be checked regularly. If there are wooden parts or the whole complex is made of wood, then study everything to the smallest detail (even small defects are unacceptable).
The composition of the classic game town includes a gazebo tower, which acts as a base for all kinds of slides, horizontal bars, swings, etc. You can also find sports trampolines. As a rule, such playgrounds are made on the basis of a modular system, which implies the possibility of creating structures of various sizes for a certain age of children and an allocated budget. It is with the help of modern venues that a unique game world for kids.
A child goes through several stages of growing up in his life, and playgrounds should help them develop in the right way. Until quite recently, there were no computers, smartphones, tablets and other modern technology, often unnecessary for the child's psyche. Now everything has changed, but the point of return to past sources with modern motives is gaining momentum.
Modern playgrounds that can tear children away from virtual toys are not only children's joy, but also an adult dream that will return the “big child” to a tender age. The norms for the installation of playgrounds are prescribed in special documents. They, like general rules installation of playgrounds, should not be neglected. Remember the main thing - the structure should be located away from roads, stops, garbage cans, various parking lots.
Playgrounds need to be created not only for the smallest and older kinders, but also for teenagers who will be interested in basketball / football grounds, tennis tables, and horizontal bars. When choosing game designs, you need to build on the age of the children and their approximate number. Then there will be more one useful place for children to have fun in the city!