Works during the overhaul of the facade of apartment buildings. Overhaul of the facade of an apartment building: what is included
Today, much attention is paid to the repair of facades of multi-apartment residential buildings. In some cases, this is done in order to maintain the reputation and prestige of the district, quarter or residential complex, in others it helps to prevent the danger of an accidental collapse of the old facade.
Responsibility for the implementation of work, as a rule, falls on the shoulders of the residents themselves. If they are unable to do this, the repair of facades can be entrusted to a municipal contractor.
How to do it?
In this case, you will first have to collect several documents. Hold a general house meeting and record a decision on the need for new finishing work. Here the list of works is approved, a preliminary estimate is drawn up.
Then an application is written addressed to the manager of the HOA, it indicates the need to include apartment building in the targeted municipal program. With a positive decision, part of the money will come from the federal budget, part will be allocated from the local treasury.
Advice! In order to achieve a positive decision, it is useful to attach to the application a technical opinion on the state of engineering structures (including wall cladding). It must be written by a competent person.
Repair types
You can repair the facades of apartment buildings in different ways: most often cosmetic restoration of old facades is carried out, and major repairs are also possible. What is the difference between these two varieties?
Redecorating
If there is no need to seriously intervene in the very structure of the facades of apartment buildings, cosmetic work is carried out. They help keep the lining in good condition. Restoration consists of several key points:
- First, a thorough cleaning of the base of the facade is carried out from old whitewashing, painting, from adhering dirt or mold. Then the base is diagnosed and cracks, chips, deep potholes are identified. They must first be repaired and the base leveled.
- At the second stage, the facades of apartment buildings are primed and covered with a new layer of paint. Sometimes lost architectural elements are restored.
Cosmetic repairs should return the building to its usual appearance and beautiful appearance.
Advice! It is necessary to carry out cosmetic repairs regularly, only in this case it will be possible to extend the service life of an apartment building.
Major overhaul
Overhaul differs from cosmetic restoration in the scale of work. It includes:
- Complete removal of the old finish.
- Replacement of windows, doors, drainage systems, stained-glass windows, plumb lines, window sills.
- Carrying out work on sealing and insulation.
- Implementation of a new finish using modern finishing materials: stone, marble, panel facades, plastering. At the request of residents, ventilated hinged systems can be installed.
The nuances of facade repair
Before starting the repair, a thorough diagnosis of old facades is carried out and an expert opinion is made. It highlights the features of the foundation. It can be different: brick, wood and concrete. The quality of the foundation allows you to decide what type of repair will need to be carried out, how much work and materials will be needed and how much it will cost.
The most difficult thing is to repair wooden houses. It will be necessary to additionally clean the wood from insects, fungi and mold, close up the cracks with a special putty. The easiest and easiest way to restore the facades of concrete monoliths.
Repair of facades of residential apartment buildings can be done in different ways. The size of the estimate largely depends on the number of works, so it is so important to realistically assess the state of the finish and take correct solution about its restoration.
Not only the appearance of the apartment building and the office of the company depends on the state of the facade. With the destruction of the protective layer and the formation of cracks, moisture begins to seep into the structure. Black spots of fungus appear in the corners. More energy is used for heating. More noise from the street. Facade renovation returns comfort to the apartment and office. The building looks attractive. The protective finishing layer has been restored, and the life of the house will last for several years.
Repair of the facade of the house
Timely repair and finishing of the facade prolongs the life of the building and creates comfort in the house
Cosmetic repairs of facades should be carried out regularly, about once every five years. In this case, only the decoration of the house is replaced, small thin cracks are closed. The walls are covered with decorative and at the same time protective cladding. Regular preventive maintenance will help to avoid high costs for the reconstruction of the building frame during major repairs in the near future.
Getting into a small crack, water expands it when it freezes, destroying the material. The next drop will go deeper. Wind blows particles of finish and bonding material. A broken drain does not drain water and the foundation gets wet, part of the foundation sags. The house begins to damp, cool down and fall apart more and more. In this case, only a major overhaul can restore the building.
Gutter replacement
Repair of facades of buildings and apartment buildings in the city is done special brigades having lifts or climbing equipment. A private house can be put in order with your own hands.
The sequence of work is the same:
- Inspection of the entire facade, determination of the degree of destruction and the amount of future repairs.
- Cleaning of all cracks, stains of moisture, salt protrusions and places where the finish is crumbling.
- Elimination of the causes of wetting and salt formation, processing of cleaned places.
- Cleaning from dirt, dust, applying a primer or protective composition to the walls.
- Facade decoration.
If large cracks are found, major repairs are necessary.
Crack in the facade
Cosmetic repair of the plastered facade
Brickwork and plaster more than other types of finishes suffer from destruction by rain and frost. Such buildings require regular renovation of the facade. Basically, these are apartment buildings built in the second half of the last century.
I do maintenance work all the time. I start by cleaning the plaster from dirt. At the same time, I tap the entire surface in search of hidden voids. These may be cracks and peeling of the finish. Salt seepage is noticeable immediately, it stands out as whitish spots. All defects are carefully repaired. In places where moisture and salt accumulate, I examine the walls inside. It is possible that pores have formed on old pipes or dew accumulates due to broken thermal insulation.
Facade plastering
Continue after troubleshooting:
- I clean all voids and delaminations;
- I select salt deposits to the full depth and process the places of their formation with a special composition;
- I first close up cracks and deep dents, use a reinforced fiberglass mesh;
- I cover the wall with a layer of plaster, drown the grid in it vertically with an overlap;
- I install a profile in the corners to strengthen them;
- I apply a finishing layer;
- after drying, I cover with decorative acrylic putty or paint.
Walls finished with plaster tiles are less destroyed. The seams absorb moisture and get enough sleep. It is necessary to check and tap each at the beginning of the repair.
Wall insulation works
Brick absorbs moisture and does not store heat well, especially silicate. Renovation of the facade of an apartment building often includes insulation. For right choice materials and type of installation, it is necessary to make a project for the reconstruction of the facade and technical task for builders. This is what architects do. The order of work remains the same, only after processing and leveling the walls, a heater is mounted on the facade.
Facade insulation wooden house polystyrene foam
For a snug fit of thermal panels, a flat surface is needed. All cracks and potholes are sealed. Then the flatness is examined with a ruler. Deviation up to 2 mm. The corner level checks the vertical position of the wall. When tilted, water will drain and icicles will form. To improve adhesion, the facade is covered with a primer.
The plates are glued to the wall surface with special glue. It is bought in the store ready. It is selected based on their materials that will be glued. Insulation made of basalt and stone wool is additionally fixed with dowels-umbrellas. Mineral wool is laid between wooden planks and covered with fiber or film. Waterproofing is being done. Moisture, taken out of the wall, will flow along it. Then plaster with mesh for strength and finish. Facade repairs should be carried out in dry weather, preferably in summer.
Wall insulation works
Inspection and overhaul of the building structure
The signal for urgent overhaul is the formation of cracks from the foundation to the roof and horizontal in places of overlap between floors. This means that the house is shrinking and warping. Repair of the facade of the house should begin with a detailed survey, which must be performed in one of the specialized companies licensed to carry out these works. The causes of crack formation are eliminated before the start of facade work.
Basically, the skew of the house structure causes subsidence of the soil in a small area. It can be provoked by groundwater, a broken drain, a violation of the waterproofing of the foundation, simple negligence, and water leakage from the water supply or sewage system. Inspection of an apartment building is carried out not only outside, but also inside.
House in need of a major overhaul
A technical task is being drawn up to eliminate the causes that caused the destruction of the house and the overhaul. The foundation is being strengthened, the gutters are being repaired. After that, cracks are cut and smeared. Mesh is a must. All work must be done by specialized organizations for the project of reconstruction and repair of the facade.
Attention! AT major cities, historical places and for ancient buildings, it is necessary to issue a color passport for the facade. It is impossible to change the color and decor without permission.
Major house renovation
Wet and ventilated facade
Insulated facades are inspected, and a list of defects is compiled. This can be corrosion of a metal profile, destruction of insulation or siding panels from moisture. Rodents love styrofoam. Mineral wool rots when exposed to moisture. Then all damaged materials are removed, defects are cleaned. The insulation is being replaced and a new cladding is being done.
Finishing plates well protect external walls from influence of wind, a rain and protect from a frost. Therefore, it is enough for insulated facades to carry out cosmetic repairs every five years. Facing made of natural and artificial stone is preferably covered with a protective compound every three years. Apply a waterproofing coating to the seams between the clinker and porcelain tiles. Then the facade will need a major overhaul in 50 years or later.
Waterproofing coating on the seams between tiles
Do-it-yourself facade repair of a private house
The advantage of a private house in a small height. No special lifting equipment is needed to carry out repairs. It is enough to make scaffolding or put a sliding ladder. Taking care and the integrity of the house. It is necessary to regularly inspect the house from the outside and inside for the formation of cracks, stains of dampness and salt.
Insulation and finishing should be done immediately after the completion of the installation of walls and roofs. Then the house will stand for a long time and will be cozy. The repair procedure is the same as for an apartment building. The facade is cleaned, the surface is leveled and, finally, a decorative finish is made. All work is carried out at positive temperatures.
Repair work completed
Before finishing the building, it is necessary to make a calculation on the vapor permeability of materials. It should increase from the inside of the wall to the outside. Then the moisture that got into the masonry will be displayed on the street. The bearing capacity of the foundation must be sufficient to support the additional weight of the insulation and cladding. When in doubt, use lightweight materials: foam, mineral wool, acrylic and vinyl siding on a wooden beam.
Over time, it is necessary to carry out preventive work on the external walls of the building. They are constantly under the influence of external aggressive factors, so preventive maintenance of the facade of a private or apartment building is recommended to be carried out every year.
The difference between major and cosmetic repairs
Redecorating by definition does not affect the internal problems of the facade. In most cases, it is aimed at improving the decorative properties of the wall covering. Many owners neglect it because it is believed that the beauty of the building will not affect it. bearing capacity. But this is not entirely true. The fact is that most of the decorative facade coatings also play a protective role.
Photo - color restoration
They prevent walls from freezing and increase their protection against moisture and mold. In particular, this applies to decorative plaster and paint. Siding panels and metal sheets, which are often used for cladding, increase the thermal insulation of walls, and when using a ventilated facade, they eliminate the problem of condensation.
Photo - construction of mounting structures
Capital repairs of facades buildings is a complex technological process that can only be performed by specialists. It is aimed at restoring both the decorative qualities of the house and extending its service life. Reconstruction is carried out in compliance with SNiP and according to the requirements of the owner. During the overhaul of the facade, the following operations are performed:
- Calculation and measurements of bearing and enclosing systems, in particular, these are the foundation and basement surfaces;
- Restoration of masonry or its strengthening with the help of additional building material (brick, decorative tiles, foam blocks);
- Wall insulation or restoration of thermal insulation coating;
- Reconstruction of joints, their grouting and, if necessary, re-laying of building material to make the structure presentable;
- Cleaning the facade from various contaminants, including mold, fungi, dust, dirt.
In most cases, facade work on high-rise buildings is carried out construction companies, where industrial climbers are engaged in repairs. In some cases, their services are also used in the restoration of a private structure.
Photo - overhaul
But if you need a simple repair of the facade of a private house, say, put a new layer of plaster or add siding to the wall, then you can do it yourself.
How to repair the facade yourself
Before starting construction work, you need to develop a project. This documentation will help to make an estimate for the purchase of building materials and evaluate the overall scope of tasks. Creating a project can be done manually or with the help of specialists who will help you choose the right coatings. Sometimes a special program is used for this purpose - ArchiCAD.
Repair of the facade of structures can be carried out using the following building materials:
- Plasters;
- Siding panels made of plastic or metal;
- Composite panels for ventilated facades (ceramic tiles, artificial stone, etc.).
If cracks appear on the walls or mold is noticeable, then the best option for finishing is to use plaster. It can be of several types: gypsum-based and cement-based. Rules for covering a building with plaster:
- It is necessary to clean the facade of old materials. To do this, you can use abrasive paper or a metal brush. After that, the wall surface is thoroughly blown and primed to ensure tight adhesion with a new layer of mortar. Please note that if you live in a humid area or if mold has already appeared in the house, then you need to use materials with antibacterial properties;
- For the best sealing of cracks and seams, a reinforcing mesh is used. If it is planned to insulate the facade, then first you need to mount thermal insulators, and then install a grid on the plaster. This technology is suitable for any walls (brick, foam blocks, gas blocks, etc.);
- Next, the final finishing work is carried out. Decorative plaster can be: painted and colorless (white), abrasive (bark beetle), smooth, glossy and matte. Depending on its type, the method of application varies.
Sometimes, after the completion of facade work, painting of the surface of the building is required. Many professional organizations use Elephant paint for outdoor work for this. You can find any color: brown, white, orange, red and others.
Photo - decorative plaster
Performing repairs using siding considered the simplest and most affordable option. Plastering requires certain skills in construction to make the layer as smooth and beautiful as possible, while the installation of panels can be done by beginners.
- For any premises, before starting the installation of siding, it is required to install a frame carrier system. To do this, profiles made of metal or wood are installed. The average step is maintained at 60 cm, in some cases it can deviate from this size by 10–20 centimeters;
- After that, a heater is installed on the wall. You can use mineral wool, polystyrene, foam options. On top of them you need to put a windproof film and fix it with air plastic "parachutes" - dowels for foam;
- Installation of sheets starts from the bottom of the base and moves towards the roof eaves. If a ventilated facade is installed, then it is necessary to foresee in advance where the outlet will be waste water from rooftops;
- The main advantage of such a repair is simplicity. From the equipment you will only need a screwdriver, a puncher, a level and a saw to cut off excess pieces of siding.
Wood siding pattern
Performing facade repairs using composite panels can be performed for any premises: residential apartments, houses, production workshops. Installation of thermal panels is carried out both on the frame and directly on the wall. Their installation is carried out in several stages:
- Facade preparation;
- Installation of panels;
- Finishing work: cleaning, painting.
Figure Composite Panel
Video: decorative paints for facades
Price overview
The cost of a turnkey repair (project of work, estimate, calculations, capital or cosmetic finishing of the facade) varies greatly, the price can range from several hundred rubles to tens of thousands. Consider the price list of companies providing office relocation and repair:
Often, companies take into account work with climbers, a design plan for the premises, as well as a sample acceptance agreement. This is the best option if you need a complete replacement of the facade, roof overlap and insulation of an apartment building.