Urine in newborn boys. Why does my child have dark urine? Causes of discoloration of urine in children. The study of the urine of a child by indicators
Urine is a productive indicator of the vital activity of the body. Thanks to the renal process, metabolic products are excreted from the body. Urine has color, smell and specific gravity. The yellow color of urine is given by pigments - metabolic products. The more of them are dissolved, the more saturated the color of the urine becomes.
What does the color of the urine of a newborn say?
The color intensity of urine, depending on the amount of metabolic products, may fluctuate. In newborns, normal urine color ranges from pale straw to bright yellow. As a rule, urine of intense yellow color has a high specific gravity.
In the first week of a baby's life, urine changes color. This is due to the beginning of the work of internal organs. In almost all newborns, on the 7th-10th day after birth, the urine acquires a brick yellow color, the so-called "infarct urine". The phenomenon is short-term, associated with the development of the genitourinary system. During the same period, girls may experience bloody issues from the genitals.
Any other color deviations in the color of the urine of a newborn, especially if this process is accompanied by a specific smell, should alert both the mother and the local pediatrician.
A change in the color of urine and the acquisition of a brown-red color indicates problems of a renal nature. Cherry red - diabetic disease. Dark brown - liver problems. The presence in the urine of a newborn of all shades of green is about the maple leaf disease.
Physiological factors affecting urine color change
The color of urine and the frequency of discharge determine general state health baby. The normal frequency of urine discharge up to 12 months of age is about 25 times a day, in small portions. Normal is urine that has a light straw color, and therefore, a low specific gravity.
With the expansion of the diet associated with an increase in the amount of water and food consumed, the urine of the baby changes. The intensity of urine staining begins to depend on the amount of yellow pigment formed as a result of metabolism in the developing organism.
Observing the color of the urine of a newborn is the main rule. general condition of the newborn. Any change in color intensity can serve as a manifestation of the disease.
After taking diuretics, urine becomes discolored. At the same time, colorless urine may indicate chronic renal failure or the presence of diabetes insipidus. While the white (paper) color is acquired by the urine of a newborn after taking fish oil.
Dark yellow urine in an infant may indicate dehydration due to dyspepsia, gastric disorders, or the presence of an intestinal infection. Beer-colored urine indicates damage to liver tissue due to hepatitis various kinds or hemolytic disease of the newborn. Dark urine indicates a high bilirubin level, orange urine indicates a uric acid infarction. In particular severe cases urine may turn brown or black.
Urine as an indicator of problems in the body
The most striking symptom is the strong smell of ammonia in the urine. This is due to the fact that urea begins to decompose under the influence of bacteria, already inside the bladder.
Urine density. The higher the density of urine, the darker it is. An increase in blood sugar and dehydration of the body lead to an increase in the density of urine, inflammation of the kidneys or kidney failure - to a decrease.
With various liver diseases, the bilirubin index increases.
The presence of protein in the urine of a newborn indicates inflammatory process inside the body, possible infections and immunological diseases of the kidneys.
The presence of sugar in the urine - a violation endocrine system and diabetes.
Permissible infant - three. The detection of a larger indicator indicates inflammation in the genitourinary system.
- The child should be thoroughly washed with baby soap.
- Urine should be morning collection. In newborns, it is permissible to collect a night portion of urine.
- Urine should not be collected by squeezing it out of diapers or diapers, or from a chamber pot.
- can be made using a pharmacy urinal.
- The selected sample for analysis should not be stored for a long time in a warm room.
- Summing up, it should be noted that in a healthy infant, urine has a light yellow color, not concentrated, without a pronounced odor, with an emission intensity of up to 25 times a day.
When adding to the diet of natural food, you need to remember that carrots can color urine in Orange color, beetroot - in red, and spinach and rhubarb will give the urine a light green tint.
The birth of a child in most families is a joyful and long-awaited event. Every mother does not want her beloved baby to get sick and feel unwell. daily hygiene care, proper nutrition, providing the necessary thermal regime - all this helps the child grow up healthy and strong. But, unfortunately, sometimes the baby starts to get sick, and parents do not always notice the inflammatory process. The urine of a baby can immediately answer many questions related to children's well-being and health. Therefore, during the examination, which takes place at 3 months after the birth of the baby, the pediatrician is assigned to conduct a urine test.
What should I look for in the results of a child's urine test?
Currently, there are more and more commercial medical institutions that have their own laboratories. Many parents turn to them to do a urine test of an infant. After that, they receive a sheet in which the results are indicated. Sometimes there are standards in front of the received data, sometimes not. It is worth noting that the norms for an adult are usually indicated, so at first it may seem that the tests are bad. Parents should understand the regulations for infants so as not to panic in advance.
The main indicators that you should focus on are various cells, cylinders, epithelium, mucus and salt crystals.
Quite often, some salt content is found in the results of a urine test, which should not cause much panic. Salt crystals in the urine of an infant are often detected by examining the urinary sediment. Salt excretion depends on children's activity, nutritional habits. In newborns, an increase in some varieties of these crystals (urates and ammonium urate) is the norm.
Even a small number of leukocytes in the urine of an infant is already dangerous, as it can be caused by diseases of the kidneys and urinary system. Young mothers need to remember that one by one positive analysis the diagnosis is not made, the child is sent for re-testing. The child should be well washed at the next urine collection to eliminate the possibility of incorrect results. Doctors call several circumstances that can cause the appearance of leukocytes in an infant. One or another type of leukocytes is responsible for various diseases:
- lymphocytes signal connective tissue diseases.
- eosinophils may be a sign of chronic pyelonephritis.
- neutrophils provoke various bacterial infections.
If your child still has confirmed the presence of leukocytes in the urine, do not despair. Usually, an early-stage urinary tract infection is treated with short-term antibiotics. Of course, such medications are not desirable for taking by young children, but still some medications do not have contraindications for age. After the course of treatment, the procedure for passing urine must be repeated. This is due to the fact that some bacteria have persistent resistance to antibiotics. The most famous and accurate is the urine test according to Nechiporenko.
Collection of urine
The reliability of the results of the analysis depends on the correctness of the collection of urine from an infant. It may seem to young parents that they may have difficulties, but this is not at all the case. The main requirement is that urine should be in the morning and after hygiene procedures.
collection of urine from infants
Babies first urinate either immediately after birth, or during childbirth, or within the next 12 hours after birth. If the baby has not gone to the toilet "in a small way" for a day or more, he is prescribed an ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys.
How much and how often?
The urinary system of the baby is already well formed by the time of birth. In the first 3-4 days, the newborn excretes about 180 ml of urine per day. So little urine is excreted for the reason that in fetal life, the baby released moisture not only through the urinary system, but also over the entire surface of the body, while he consumed little liquid.
A few days later, the baby produces about 220 ml of urine. If in the second week of life the baby still produces little urine, this does not mean that he is sick. Many factors play a role here - loose stools, heat indoors, warm clothes.
A newborn in the first weeks of life walks "in a small way" somewhere 4-5 times a day, and by the end of the first month of life up to 20-30 times a day, and the volume of urine can increase to 900 ml.
What is the smell and color?
The urine of a newborn is usually light or dark yellow in color. The color depends on the amount of urobilin (urochrome) content, a substance that gives urine a yellow color. The smell should not be sharp and not specific.
Many mothers begin to worry when the baby's urine becomes yellow-brick and leaves dark spots on the diapers. It's not worth worrying! This is the so-called "uric acid heart attack" - a transitional state of the newborn. After 2-3 days, this condition disappears, and the urine becomes light and transparent again.
How to collect the urine of a newborn?
Collecting the urine of a newborn is not as easy as in adults. But you will have to collect it, since a urine test is a mandatory regular study.
The baby is not yet able to control urination, so it is rather difficult to collect biomaterial. The simplest and fast way is a special urinal that is attached to the perineal area on the skin. Such a urinal is sold in any pharmacy.
Wash your baby well in warm, soapy water before attaching the urinal.
The urine bag will allow mom to save a lot of time, which is worth its weight in gold, especially in the first weeks after childbirth.
Urination of a breastfed baby changes during the first week of life. In the first few days, the baby receives a limited amount of milk, so he will have less urine and fewer wet diapers. As the amount of milk increases, the amount of urine increases. Thus, by the extent to which a diaper or diaper is wet, one can and should judge the amount of milk that a child receives.
A newborn baby pees for the first time 12 to 24 hours after birth. During the first few days of life while exclusively breastfeeding, he may need at least two diapers a day. After the sixth day, the baby should wet at least six to eight diapers in 24 hours, but maybe more.
The child has a small bladder, which holds approximately one tablespoon (15 ml) of urine, so babies pee very often. Some children may urinate up to twenty times a day. Do not wake a sleeping baby to change a diaper. It is enough to change the diaper before and after each feeding, i.e. roughly every two to three hours.
When using diapers, it is very difficult to determine how much urine does the baby excrete. The problem can be easily solved as follows:
- Pour two tablespoons of water (30 ml) onto a dry, clean diaper and measure its moisture content.
- To make it easier to see urine in a diaper, place a diaper fabric inside that absorbs urine easily, or use a diaper instead of a diaper.
- Take the used diaper apart and check for moisture under the gel layer.
Orange, pink and red spots on newborn diapers
Very concentrated urine during the first few days of life is orange in color and may contain uric acid crystals, urates. These crystals give pink, red or orange powdery spots on the baby's diaper. Colored uric acid crystals on diapers are called brick dust. The sight of brick dust is scary for parents, but it's a common occurrence for many newborns. After the milk comes to the mother - on the fifth or sixth day - the urine of the child is no longer concentrated, its color is from colorless to pale yellow, there is no smell.
It is important for parents of a newborn to control the functioning of the infant's urinary system. Urine in infants, its smell, intensity, color and transparency provide important information about the overall health of the child. In addition, these indicators will help prevent the development of various diseases in the initial stages.
Interpretation of the color of urine in infants
The color of urine in infants has a variety of shades - from light yellow to red. Most often, during the first month of life, stools are light, almost transparent in color. In cases where there is a lack of fluid in the body, urine acquires a more concentrated color. Excrements of this color irritate the delicate integuments of the baby, as they contain a rather large amount of salts. If the baby has a sharp change in the color of urine and its transparency, parents should immediately seek help from a specialist.
Yellow urine in babies
The hue of the urine of babies depends on age and diet. How older child, the more saturated shade the stools take. In addition, the color of urine is also affected by the foods taken by the baby for food, medications that can change the color of urine. For example, yellow urine can change its color to bright red or orange if the baby receives beets and carrots with food. What color should urine be? In a healthy baby, for several months, the normal shade of feces has a light shade. Subsequently, the color changes and yellow urine is observed.
Dark yellow urine
Changes in the color of the urine of a newborn to dark yellow sometimes indicate the development of such pathologies:
- increased concentration of bile pigments;
- dehydration (due to an intestinal infection or stomach upset);
- infectious diseases occurring in the liver.
Urine is orange
Cases where the urine is orange and bad speak of the following diseases:
- increased concentration of oxalate salts in urine;
- lack of fluid;
- elevated body temperature;
- diarrhea;
- vomiting.
Why does a newborn have clear urine?
Colorless urine in a monthly baby indicates the following:
- Mother's consumption of foods that contain a large number of liquids, such as watermelon.
- The use of large volumes of liquid.
- Diabetes insipidus.
- diabetes mellitus.
- Renal failure.
- The use of diuretics.
What does the shade of urine in infants mean?
Inflammatory processes in the body of newly born children proceed very quickly and rapidly. The yellowish urine of a newborn, as it should be, sometimes becomes dark, bright or pink, which indicates the onset of a variety of inflammations and infections that cause the development of more serious diseases.
Salts in urine
Salts, which are observed in the feces of newborns, indicate violations in the diet. Often, with additional complementary foods, there are excess salts. Most often this happens when the mother gives the child broths from meat and fish, eggs and other foods of animal origin. Organ diseases also contribute to the appearance of salts in urine. digestive system such as ulcers, gastritis, diseases of the biliary tract. These pathologies increase the concentration of salt in the stool, which is fraught with the appearance of sand, and subsequently - urolithiasis, which can become chronic. In cases where a child has changes in the color and transparency of urine, it is important not to delay a visit to the doctor, since salts in feces provoke such diseases:
- leukemia;
- temperature rise;
- diathesis;
- Fanconi syndrome;
- gout;
- cystitis;
- inflammatory processes in the kidneys.
"Brown Dust"
In the first days of a baby's life, urine sometimes has a rather dark and concentrated shade, which indicates the content of uric acid crystals in it. You can notice them on the diaper of children in the form of spots of a pronounced brick color, pink, dark orange and red. In medicine, this phenomenon is called "brown dust". Most women are alarmed at the sight of such bright stools, however, urine of this color is acceptable and common.
Within a month, the color of the urine changes and it ceases to be overly concentrated. This is due to the fact that the newborn receives a sufficient amount of fluid, including breast milk. However, even after that, sometimes you can observe a dark spot on the diaper or diaper, which is also considered the norm. In situations where such spots are observed quite often, it is important for parents with a baby to visit the attending physician.
When the feces of the baby after 5 days of life are concentrated and have small volumes, this indicates a lack of nutrition, which leads to weight loss of the baby. In such situations, doctors check the general health of the baby and the scheme breastfeeding. Properly prescribed nutrition will quickly get rid of the shade that urine should not have in a healthy baby.