How to treat fruit trees from pests in the fall. When and why you need to treat trees with urea

Nitrogen fertilizers are needed to feed garden and ornamental crops. With their help, plants intensively start growing, acquire large leaves of saturated color. This article is all about the application of urea, which improves the growth of green spaces in the city and rural greenhouses. You can practically get acquainted with the correct feeding of plants with urea by watching the video.

Urea: from what and for what?

The first of the synthesized protein compounds is urea. This scientific name is urea - a fertilizer for feeding garden and ornamental crops, which is used to accelerate growth. Carbamide belongs to the group of nitrogen fertilizers, it is used in agriculture from the 18th century.

The product is produced by the method of synthesis from inorganic substances, it is a granular mass consisting of rounded milky granules, sometimes translucent. At present, industrial production of carbamide has been established in the form of tablets.

Urea can be purchased in the form of granules

According to the chemical composition, urea consists almost half of pure nitrogen, which dissolves without residue in any liquids, including water.

When applied to the soil, granular urea gradually dissolves in the water that the plants receive when watering. Slowly entering the plants, dissolved urea nourishes the roots for a long time, gradually, throughout the entire period of growing the crop. In the soil, nitrogen changes its chemical composition, from the amide form to the ammonia form, and then to the nitrate form. slow change chemical composition guarantees prolonged nutrition of plants with substances necessary for growth.

Nitrogen starvation is manifested in plants in growth retardation, yellowing of leaves, inhibition of plant development and complete death. The introduction of urea is shown when fruit trees and berry bushes form unnaturally thin and short branches with small discolored leaves. Nitrogen deficiency is expressed at the beginning of leaf fall in the summer, when most of the leaves on plants turn yellow at an earlier date than expected in nature. In spring, plants with a lack of nitrogen form weak, underdeveloped buds.

It is allowed to feed with urea fruit trees and shrubs, effective fertilizer for strawberries, strawberries, all vegetable crops, including cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, carrots, etc.

Urea - how to apply fertilizer correctly

When fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers, in particular carbamide, several types of plant nutrition should be distinguished:

Pre-sowing treatment– urea granules are applied during spring plowing into the furrows. The depth of embedding urea in the ground is at least 4 cm.

Fertilization

Top dressing with urea during planting events- the best option is to use the composition in combination with potash fertilizers. At the same time, it is not allowed that the granules are mixed with seeds, it is necessary to provide a layer of soil between the granulated fertilizers and the seed.

Fertilization during growth- most effective method is foliar feeding of plantings. To do this, carbamide is dissolved in water, spraying on the green mass is carried out in the early morning hours or at sunset, in calm weather.

Important! Foliar top dressing with urea is not recommended on days when precipitation is observed.

An aqueous solution of carbamide does not burn the leaves, it is convenient to spray the plants with the help of special pumps. The usual rate for diluting the solution is from 9 to 15 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water, while it matters which plants are planned to be treated - herbaceous plants sprayed with a more gentle composition, trees and shrubs - concentrated. Adult apple and pear trees need top dressing in the ratio of 200 g of dry urea per bucket of water. For cherries, plums and apricots, the consumption of urea will be 120 g / bucket.

Important! One st. a spoon holds 10 g of urea; matchboxes - 13 g; faceted glass - 130 g of urea.

Treatment with urea from pests

Spraying with urea effectively helps in the fight against plant pests. Spraying is carried out in the spring, when a constant average daily temperature of +5 C is established. It is important to carry out the procedure before the awakening of the kidneys, then all pests wintering in the scales and under the bark will be guaranteed to be destroyed.

A solution of urea for pest control is prepared at a concentration of 50 to 70 g per 1 liter of water. Spraying with urea helps to destroy aphids, weevils, copperheads and a host of other pests.

Nitrogen treatment of the garden can be carried out both in autumn and in spring.

In autumn, at the time of the first stage of leaf fall, it is useful to spray trees with a solution of urea on which traces are seen. infectious diseases: scab, all types of spotting, rust and others. Trees are treated with a solution along the crown and leaf litter. This treatment is a very effective remedy for infectious diseases. garden trees, garden on next year will not be affected by infections. Simultaneously with the treatment, the urea solution fertilizes the plants.

Pros and cons of feeding plants with urea

The positive properties of urea are:

• When fertilized with carbamide, plants easily absorb nitrogen, which has a positive effect on their growth and the growth of green mass.
• Treatment with a solution of plant fertilizer on the leaves does not cause burns of the leaf blade, this foliar top dressing is an effective and gentle remedy that, along with plant fertilizer, can effectively fight pests in the garden and vegetable garden, as well as pathogenic infections.
• A solution of urea is quickly absorbed by plants sensitive to increased performance PH in the soil.
• Excellent results were noted when fertilizing plants with urea in irrigated areas, as well as when applying under crops grown when filling beds with water.

It is very important to observe the dosage when fertilizing

• Guaranteed increase in yield in the garden or in the garden when feeding plants with urea.
• Ease and simplicity in foliar treatment of plants and the introduction of urea into the soil.
• Availability of fertilizer at a price and the possibility of acquisition.

The disadvantages of feeding with urea are the following aspects:

• A strong concentration of fertilizer when applied to the soil when sowing seeds can affect the reduction in seed germination and delay their germination.
• Urea requires careful storage.
• The use of urea in a mixture with phosphate fertilizers is possible only when mixing absolutely dry substances, hyperacidity from the effects of mixed top dressing must be neutralized by introducing chalk into the soil.

Advice! It is necessary to store granular urea in a dry place, otherwise the fertilizer absorbs moisture strongly and turns into lumps.

The size of the harvest depends on each gardener. Timely and competent application of fertilizing is able to ensure soil fertility and the full return of horticultural and garden crops to the nutrients received on time.

Spraying the garden with urea: video

First of all, spraying is carried out to protect fruit trees from beetles, butterflies, aphids and caterpillars.

For example, when spraying an apple tree, you can protect this tree from aphids that form nodules on the bark. And in cases where the aphids are not stopped in time, in addition to the apple tree, it will also begin to infect pear, plum, cherry plum and apricot.

That is, in these trees, at first the leaves will begin to curl, after which they will also fall off.

The plum is also sprayed to protect against the May beetle, which is engaged in eating the ovaries of fruits and leaves.

In cases with a young garden, the larvae of this insect also damage the roots. This can result in the death of the entire plant.

Apple, plum, pear and cherry, thanks to spraying, from caterpillars and butterflies, can save not only their leaves, but also their fruits, including during the ripening period.

How to spray trees in autumn and spring?

There are a lot of tools that can be used to cultivate a garden. They can be used both in spring and autumn.

But we will now analyze the most popular preparations for spraying trees. :

1) Copper sulfate. During the summer season, this drug is recommended to be used twice. The first time - at the beginning of spring, while the leaves have not yet appeared on the trees, since when it is diluted in the recommended proportions, it can damage young leaves.

The second time in the fall - after the period of leaf fall.

Copper sulphate is also used as a disinfectant for plant wounds.

Usually this drug is used when processing plums, apple trees (in autumn - at the end of October, in spring - at the beginning of March).

It is best to spray fruit trees in the morning or evening time, in calm weather, at temperatures from +5 to +30 °C.

The consumption rate for one fruit-bearing tree is about 10 liters of a ready-made solution, and for a seedling about 2 liters.

Copper sulfate is considered a very aggressive drug, and therefore it is best to breed it away from people and animals.

It is also necessary to take care that its remains do not fall into the well or other sources of water.

2) Carbamide (urea). Trees are sprayed with carbamide a week after flowering, and when preparing trees for the winter period.

With the help of a carbamide solution of a weaker concentration (50 g per 10 liters of water), it will be possible to spray the orchard a week after flowering. Thus, you can protect fruit trees from leafworm caterpillars, suckers, flower beetles, aphids, etc.

In autumn, trees are sprayed with urea after more than 40-50% of the foliage has fallen. In this case, the solution should be stronger than during the flowering period (500 g per 10 liters of water).

But you can also wait until the trees are completely shedding their leaves and apply a solution of more concentrated urea (7-10%), thereby preparing your garden plot for the next season.

In this case, you are spraying not only trunks and branches, but also the soil, and therefore this solution will serve you as a fungicide and fertilizer.

But if you hurry up and apply this high concentration agent earlier, it is possible that the leaves of the trees may get burned, and therefore they will fall off ahead of schedule.

And this means that the trees will not have time to get the nutrients they need in preparation for the winter period in the right amount.

3) Iron vitriol. This drug is used twice a year (in autumn and spring), when the plants begin to turn green and when they are preparing for the winter period.

When spraying plants with copper sulphate, two tasks are simultaneously solved, that is, the trees receive the iron they need, which plays an important role in the respiration of plantings, but also this drug is an excellent protection against pests.

If your garden is already old, that is, the trees (pear, apple, plum, etc.) are already old, then we must spray this remedy in early spring and autumn, which can help you not only in pest control, but also in destruction of lichen, cytosporosis, moss, septoria, black cancer.

And thanks to this, your trees in the coming year will be able to accelerate the growth rate and increase yields.

4) Preparation 30. This drug is used when spraying apple trees, plums, pears, etc.

It is advisable to use it in early spring and late autumn (200 g per 10 liters of water).

Thanks to the treatment of trees with “Preparation 30”, you can get rid of whiteflies, leafworms, moths, aphids, scale insects, suckers, red and brown fruit mites, which have wintered on the bark all this time.

But besides this, this remedy can help you in the fight against larvae in the summer.

According to the manufacturer, this drug is absolutely safe for the tree itself, since not various substances are used in pest control, but a thin film formed after processing on the bark of the tree.

That is, in pests (in the stage of larvae or eggs) that fall under treatment, the water balance and gas exchange are disturbed, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for their existence, which leads to their death.

5) Diesel fuel. Diesel fuel can also be used, as in spring processing, thai and autumn. But it must be used very carefully. Since with improper spraying, burns may appear on the trees or, even worse, die.

Therefore, this method of processing must be taken with great responsibility.

In the spring, it is best to treat the trees with diesel fuel before the formation of leaves and buds, and in the fall, wait until all the leaves have fallen.

For spraying trees, diesel fuel in its pure form cannot be used. It adds a large number of water and other substances that can reduce its destructive activity.

How to spray trees in autumn?

Autumn spraying of trees is an important part of closing the season and preparing garden plot to the winter period. It will be possible to start this procedure in October - November, that is, when the trees shed their leaves, and therefore the possibility of damaging them with chemicals is excluded.

In preparation for processing, we remove lichens and old bark from trees over 6 years old. By themselves, the old bark and lichens cannot harm plants, but pathogens of various diseases and pests can overwinter there.

The latest processing is carried out after the first frosts, but before that we still need to remove foliage, weeds and fallen branches from the site, that is, everything that has managed to accumulate during the season.

In order for fruit crops in the garden to have a well-groomed appearance, did not suffer from pests / diseases and pleased with a generous and plentiful harvest in time, their appropriate preparation is required. It includes not only pruning and shaping the crown, protecting trunks and branches by whitewashing or smearing, but also spraying trees with aqueous solutions of fertilizers and chemicals.

For feeding and processing trees, both organic and chemical substances can be used. One of the popular means for processing fruit trees is urea.

1 What is urea and how is it used?

Urea (otherwise called carbamide) is a nitrogen fertilizer with a high content (concentration) of nitrogen - up to 46%. Urea is produced in the form of white-yellow granules.

It is odorless, completely soluble, especially quickly if diluted in warm water. Carbamide strongly absorbs moisture even from the air, so it needs to be stored in airtight containers.

This fertilizer is able to be evenly distributed over the soil land plot, it is well absorbed by most plants. The latter quality is important for trees in terms of their resistance to the effects of harmful insects. When using urea, remember about its following features:

• At the same time it is an organic compound and a mineral fertilizer;
• Its action starts instantly and lasts for a long time;
• When fertilizing a garden, apply it directly to the soil because of the danger of weathering;
• You can use it for open areas and protected ground (greenhouses, greenhouses, greenhouses);
• Its effective effect on plants in soils with increased moisture content has been confirmed;
• In acidic soils, lower losses of nitrogenous substances by urea are observed (in comparison with alkaline and neutral ones);
• Getting into the ground, it turns into ammonium urea;
• One of the safest and most effective summer garden fertilizing, even if the dose is exceeded, it will not burn the trees;
• Treatment of trees with urea prolongs their vegetation, makes them bloom later. Frosts in early spring are dangerous for the ovary and shoots of stone fruits (peaches, cherry plums, plums and apricots);
• When spraying trees on the kidneys, it increases their resistance to diseases / harmful insects;
• Promotes the rapid decomposition of stump residues;
• It is forbidden to mix carbamide with ordinary lime, chalk and simple phosphate fertilizers.

Before spraying trees in spring, consider the following:

• Do not process the garden if the air has not warmed up to five degrees or more;
• With an iron brush, remove dead bark, cut off frostbitten branches and shoots;
• Destroy the insects that overwintered in the cracks in the bark;
• Dig up and loosen the soil, remove undecayed leaves under the trees to improve the penetration of urea.

1.1 Urea for the destruction of diseases and pests

In the spring, the garden is treated like this: after reaching an air temperature above five degrees, it is necessary to spray the trees for the first time(before bud break). After all, harmful insects (aphids, flower beetles, weevils, suckers) have not yet departed from winter suspended animation.

Carbamide must be diluted with water (500-700 g / 10 l). Prevention is especially useful if there was an invasion of pests last season. Consumption 2.5 liters of the mixture per 10 m2 of plantings.

A solution of this concentration is useful in the fight against tree diseases - scab, spotting and monilial burn. Urea that has fallen on the leaves slows down the metabolic processes in pathogens, stops their reproduction. The processed last year's foliage will not hurt either.

1.2 Early spring spraying of the garden with urea (video)

2 Fertilizing fruit trees

The moment for processing the garden is chosen as follows. If you notice ants in the root holes, then expect aphids to appear soon. The moment of truth is coming, because this pest can not only deprive you of the harvest, but even destroy the tree. Time to get started:

1. Prepare the plants as mentioned earlier (digging the ground, cleaning the bark from damage and insects, whitewashing the trunk and skeletal branches).
2. For spraying trees, choose a sunny, windless day. If it is very warm, work early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset. If precipitation has passed after spraying the trees, re-treatment is required.
3. Spraying trees and mixing the solution should be done only in protective clothing, gloves and goggles. Use a backpack sprayer with an extended lance for tall trees.
4. We advise you to use a complex mixture - urea (700 g) with copper sulfate (50 g) and water (10 l). This will both fertilize the soil and remove pests;
5. No need to save money, it does not harm the plantings.
6. Secondary processing is recommended for flowers, the third - for ovaries.
7. Feed the plants during fruiting aqueous solution by roots. Apple trees - at the rate of 230 - 250 g of urea per 10 liters of water, plums and cherries - 120 ... 150 g. Carbamide can be applied dry at the root, then water the tree abundantly.
8. With the simultaneous introduction of organic matter (manure), reduce the rate of urea by 1/3 or even half.

Carbamide is now one of the most popular fertilizers, accounting for about 35% of all nitrogen supplements. Although urea is more expensive (due to its synthetic nature), it is safe and effective for plants.

To keep your garden looking well-groomed, bushes beautiful, fruit trees healthy and given summer good harvest, it must be properly prepared for the season. One of such important activities, in addition to whitewashing and pruning trees, is their spraying, and the most effective tool for this, carbamide (urea) is considered. Treating trees with urea solves several problems at once.

Urea is one of the highest concentrations of nitrogen fertilizers - almost 46%. Some beginner gardeners confuse it with saltpeter, which can be harmful to tree foliage. Carbamide is produced in the form of granular crystals of white and yellowish tints, which have absolutely no unpleasant odor, dissolves in water without any problems (the process is faster in hot water up to +80°C) and is perfectly distributed on the treated areas. Due to its hygroscopicity, it must be stored in airtight containers. Gardeners value urea not only for its high nitrogen content, but also for the high absorption rate by plants. This is especially effective in the fight against harmful insects, when every minute is precious.

When working with urea, keep the following in mind:

1. Carbamide belongs to organic compounds, but is considered a mineral nitrogen-containing fertilizer.
2. The action of urea begins immediately and has a long period.
3. Urea for the garden as a fertilizer is applied directly to the soil, since it has the properties of weathering.
4. It is used in any soil, including in protected conditions (in greenhouses and greenhouses).
5. Shows good efficiency on waterlogged soils.
6. In soils with high biological activity, carbamide loses less nitrogen, which cannot be said about alkaline and neutral soils.
7. Getting into the soil, urea is converted into ammonium carbonate (ammonium carbonate).
8. It is the most effective and safe nitrogenous fertilizer for garden plants in the summer - does not burn the foliage even with the wrong dosage.
9. Another one of the very useful properties urea is that it slows down the growing season - the flowering of trees begins later, and this helps to avoid the death of ovaries from spring frosts. This is especially effective for early ripe varieties of peaches, plums, apricots.
10. During the period when buds are forming on the trees, urea treatment solves the problem with many pests and various diseases.
11. Spring treatment of the garden with urea helps protect trees from frost.
12. Urea is useless in the fight against old stumps, it is not able to completely destroy them, but only contributes to decay.
13. Never mix urea with other fertilizers and minerals - chalk, simple superphosphates, lime.

Preparing the garden for cultivation

Before you start spraying the garden in the spring with urea, you need to consider some recommendations:

Processing the garden in the spring from diseases and pests with urea is carried out as follows:

Processing of fruit trees

1. You can start treating the garden with urea if you have properly prepared the trees for this - dug up the ground under them, removed frozen and damaged branches, whitened the tree trunks.
2. A sunny and, most importantly, calm day is suitable for work. If the weather is hot, then it is advisable to spray in the early morning or evening after sunset.
3. It is necessary to prepare the solution and carry out the spraying itself in protective clothing, a mask, goggles and gloves.
4. Urea will be especially effective in the fight against insects in combination with copper sulfate - 700 g of urea, 50 g of copper sulfate and 10 liters of water. Such a composition solves two problems at once - it destroys pests and fertilizes the soil.
5. For spraying, it is best to use a special sprayer. With it, even very tall trees can be processed.
6. When processing trees, do not spare the solution, it is impossible to harm them.
7. The second processing of the garden can be carried out already during the flowering period of the trees, and the third immediately after the ovary of flowers.
8. If precipitation falls after spraying, it will be necessary to repeat the procedure, otherwise everything will be in vain.
9. Root feeding of fruit trees during the fruiting period is carried out in the following ratio: cherry and plum trees will need from 120 to 150 g per 10 liters of water; apple trees will require 230-250 g per 10 liters of water.
10. You can not prepare a solution, but pour dry urea, but in this case it is necessary to carefully water the trees with water.
11. In the case of feeding trees with organic matter, the application rate of urea must be reduced by 1/3 or half, it depends on the amount of organic feeding.

Treatment of other plants and shrubs

Surely, many gardeners grow in the garden not only fruit trees, but also other plants, shrubs, both fruit and ornamental. They are also treated and fed with urea, which is used both as a fertilizer and as a disease and pest control.

1. Active feeding of plants is carried out in case of nitrogen starvation, which manifests itself as follows:
   • the plant begins to lag behind in growth;
   • leaves turn yellow and curl into a tube;
   • flowering is weak, without ovaries;
   • fruits and berries appear in small quantities and quickly crumble.
2. For work, preferably morning or evening. No work is carried out during the rainy season.
3. To prepare the solution, you need 30-40 g of urea per 10 liters of water.

Norms for root dressing:

• for cabbage and onions of any variety, beets, tomatoes, sweet peppers and potatoes, take 20-25 g per square meter. m.;
• for legumes and cucumbers - 5-8 g per square meter;
• for feeding strawberries, blackberries, strawberries and vegetables such as cabbage, cucumber or tomato - 20-30 g per 10 liters of water. Under each bush or plant, 1 liter of solution is needed;
• gooseberries are fed in a ratio of 10 g per 10 liters of water;
• for currants take 20 g per 10 liters of water;
• squash, eggplant and zucchini require 10-12 g per sq. m.

To date, urea is the most popular means for feeding trees, shrubs and other plants - approximately 35% of all nitrogen-containing fertilizers. It can be safely called one of the most effective and safe, which confirms the high and ever-growing demand. The cost of carbamide is slightly higher than that of other nitrogen-containing fertilizers due to the fact that it is not natural, but is obtained as a result of synthesis from ammonia and carbon dioxide. But in this case, we can safely say - the price justifies the quality.

Treatment of the garden with urea. Video