Sot 23 transistor marking. SMD marking. Guide for practitioners. Surface Mounted Device or SMD translates as follows - surface mount devices, i.e. a type of radio components that are soldered from the side of the tracks and contact pads immediately on
Hello friends and readers of the RADIO SCHEME website, we continue to get acquainted with modern ones with you. Today's review is an overview of SMD transistors, which you have probably already seen in various modern electronic devices.
Transistors in SMD package are very convenient, especially where every millimeter of the board is important. Imagine how a mobile phone (whose board is made entirely of SMD parts) would change if they used ordinary DIP output parts.
Above is a photo of an SMD transistor against a normal one, in TO 92.
This is a photo of various SMD transistors, on the right is the usual one in TO92. As a rule, the pinout of all such transistors is the same - this is also a huge plus.
The name of the various packages, DIP and SMD. The photo can be enlarged.
How planar transistors are made, you can see below.
Planar transistors, like conventional transistors, have many types, composite (Darlington), field-effect, bipolar and IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistors).
Please note that transistors are marked "Q" and "VT" on the boards and circuits (it should be so, although some manufacturers disdain this), why am I writing this? Often in the same case, the manufacturer can cram everything he wants - from a diode to a linear voltage regulator (78xx), even various sensors. There is also an internal marking of the plant, for example, Epcos parts. It is very difficult to find a datasheet for such details, and sometimes it is not available on the Internet at all.
Soldering
Soldering such transistors is not difficult, especially speeding up and making it easier, the process of soldering various SMD parts - a microscope, tweezers (simply irreplaceable things), various fluxes and soldering fats with BGA paste. First, we tinker with the contact pads of our transistor and the board (do not overheat).
Then we position our transistor, I do it with tweezers.
Solder any of the legs. We release the tweezers, and position our part as evenly as possible, for a great look, so to speak :)
We solder the remaining "legs" of the radio element.
And now our transistor is firmly and well soldered to the board. In the following articles, I will write about this in more detail (fluxes, tweezers, soldering, etc.). And about the designations and pinouts of different types of transistors - there are several very useful links on the forum. Article written BIOS.
Discuss the article SMD TRANSISTORS
- Introduction
- SMD Component Enclosures
- Sizes of SMD components
- SMD resistors
- SMD Capacitors
- SMD coils and chokes
- SMD transistors
- Marking SMD components
- Soldering SMD components
Introduction
Not only ordinary components with leads are now available to a modern radio amateur, but also such small, dark ones, on which one cannot understand what is written, details. They are called "SMD". In Russian it means "surface mount components". Their main advantage is that they allow the industry to assemble boards using robots that place SMD components at great speed in their places on printed circuit boards, and then massively "bake" and receive assembled printed circuit boards as a result. On the part of the person are those operations that the robot cannot perform. Not yet.
The use of chip components in amateur radio practice is also possible, even necessary, as it allows to reduce the weight, size and cost of the finished product. Plus, you don't have to drill at all.
For those who first encountered SMD components, confusion is natural. How to understand their diversity: where is the resistor, and where is the capacitor or transistor, what sizes do they come in, what cases of smd parts exist? You will find answers to all these questions below. Read on, it's useful!
Chip component housings
Rather conventionally, all surface-mounted components can be divided into groups according to the number of pins and package size:
pins/size | Very very small | Very small | small | Medium |
2 pins | SOD962 (DSN0603-2), WLCSP2*, SOD882 (DFN1106-2) , SOD882D (DFN1106D-2) , SOD523, SOD1608 (DFN1608D-2) | SOD323, SOD328 | SOD123F, SOD123W | SOD128 |
3 pins | SOT883B (DFN1006B-3) , SOT883, SOT663, SOT416 | SOT323, SOT1061 (DFN2020-3) | SOT23 | SOT89, DPAK (TO-252) , D2PAK (TO-263) , D3PAK (TO-268) |
4-5 pins | WLCSP4*, SOT1194, WLCSP5*, SOT665 | SOT353 | SOT143B, SOT753 | SOT223, POWER-SO8 |
6-8 pins | SOT1202, SOT891, SOT886, SOT666, WLCSP6* | SOT363, SOT1220 (DFN2020MD-6) , SOT1118 (DFN2020-6) | SOT457, SOT505 | SOT873-1 (DFN3333-8), SOT96 |
> 8 pins | WLCSP9*, SOT1157 (DFN17-12-8) , SOT983 (DFN1714U-8) | WLCSP16*, SOT1178 (DFN2110-9) , WLCSP24* | SOT1176 (DFN2510A-10) , SOT1158 (DFN2512-12) , SOT1156 (DFN2521-12) | SOT552, SOT617 (DFN5050-32) , SOT510 |
Of course, not all cases are listed in the table, since the real industry releases components in new cases faster than the standardization bodies keep up with them.
Cases of SMD components can be either with or without leads. If there are no leads, then there are contact pads or small solder balls (BGA) on the case. Also, depending on the manufacturer, parts may vary in marking and dimensions. For example, capacitors can vary in height.
Most SMD component cases are designed to be mounted with special hardware that hams don't have and probably won't ever have. This is due to the technology of soldering such components. Of course, with a certain perseverance and fanaticism, you can solder at home.
Types of SMD packages by name
Name | Decryption | number of pins |
SOT | small outline transistor | 3 |
SOD | small outline diode | 2 |
SOIC | small outline integrated circuit | >4, in two lines on the sides |
TSOP | thin outline package (thin SOIC) | >4, in two lines on the sides |
SSOP | seated SOIC | >4, in two lines on the sides |
TSSOP | slim seated SOIC | >4, in two lines on the sides |
QSOP | quarter size SOIC | >4, in two lines on the sides |
VSOP | Even smaller QSOP | >4, in two lines on the sides |
PLCC | IC in a plastic case with terminals bent under the case in the form of a letter J | >4, four lines on the sides |
CLCC | Ceramic packaged IC with letter-shaped leads J | >4, four lines on the sides |
QFP | square flat body | >4, four lines on the sides |
LQFP | low profile QFP | >4, four lines on the sides |
PQFP | plastic QFP | >4, four lines on the sides |
CQFP | ceramic QFP | >4, four lines on the sides |
TQFP | thinner than QFP | >4, four lines on the sides |
PQFN | power QFP without leads with a platform for a heatsink | >4, four lines on the sides |
BGA | ball grid array. Array of balls instead of pins | output array |
LFBGA | low profile FBGA | output array |
CGA | case with input and output terminals made of refractory solder | output array |
CCGA | CGA in a ceramic case | output array |
µBGA | micro BGA | output array |
FCBGA | Flip-chip ball grid array. Man array of balls on a substrate to which a crystal with a heat sink is soldered | output array |
LLP | leadless package |
From all this zoo of chip components for amateur use, chip resistors, chip capacitors, chip inductors, chip diodes and transistors, LEDs, zener diodes, some microcircuits in SOIC packages can fit. Capacitors usually look like simple boxes or small barrels. The barrels are electrolytic, while the boxes are likely to be tantalum or ceramic capacitors.
Sizes of SMD components
Chip components of the same denomination can have different dimensions. The dimensions of an SMD component are determined by its "size". For example, chip resistors have sizes from "0201" to "2512". These four digits encode the width and length of the chip resistor in inches. Below in the tables you can see the sizes in millimeters.
smd resistors
Rectangular Chip Resistors and Ceramic Capacitors | |||||
Size | L, mm (inch) | W, mm (inch) | H, mm (inch) | A, mm | Tue |
0201 | 0.6 (0.02) | 0.3 (0.01) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.13 | 1/20 |
0402 | 1.0 (0.04) | 0.5 (0.01) | 0.35 (0.014) | 0.25 | 1/16 |
0603 | 1.6 (0.06) | 0.8 (0.03) | 0.45 (0.018) | 0.3 | 1/10 |
0805 | 2.0 (0.08) | 1.2 (0.05) | 0.4 (0.018) | 0.4 | 1/8 |
1206 | 3.2 (0.12) | 1.6 (0.06) | 0.5 (0.022) | 0.5 | 1/4 |
1210 | 5.0 (0.12) | 2.5 (0.10) | 0.55 (0.022) | 0.5 | 1/2 |
1218 | 5.0 (0.12) | 2.5 (0.18) | 0.55 (0.022) | 0.5 | 1 |
2010 | 5.0 (0.20) | 2.5 (0.10) | 0.55 (0.024) | 0.5 | 3/4 |
2512 | 6.35 (0.25) | 3.2 (0.12) | 0.55 (0.024) | 0.5 | 1 |
Cylindrical chip resistors and diodes | |||||
Size | Ø, mm (inch) | L, mm (inch) | Tue | ||
0102 | 1.1 (0.01) | 2.2 (0.02) | 1/4 | ||
0204 | 1.4 (0.02) | 3.6 (0.04) | 1/2 | ||
0207 | 2.2 (0.02) | 5.8 (0.07) | 1 |
smd capacitors
Ceramic chip capacitors are the same size as chip resistors, but tantalum chip capacitors have their own size system:
Tantalum Capacitors | |||||
Size | L, mm (inch) | W, mm (inch) | T, mm (inch) | B, mm | A, mm |
A | 3.2 (0.126) | 1.6 (0.063) | 1.6 (0.063) | 1.2 | 0.8 |
B | 3.5 (0.138) | 2.8 (0.110) | 1.9 (0.075) | 2.2 | 0.8 |
C | 6.0 (0.236) | 3.2 (0.126) | 2.5 (0.098) | 2.2 | 1.3 |
D | 7.3 (0.287) | 4.3 (0.170) | 2.8 (0.110) | 2.4 | 1.3 |
E | 7.3 (0.287) | 4.3 (0.170) | 4.0 (0.158) | 2.4 | 1.2 |
smd inductors and chokes
Inductances are found in many types of cases, but cases still obey the same sizing law. This facilitates automatic assembly. Yes, and for us, radio amateurs, it makes it easier to navigate.
Any coils, chokes and transformers are called "winding products". Usually we wind them ourselves, but sometimes you can buy finished products. Especially if SMD options are required, which are available with many bonuses: magnetic shielding of the case, compactness, closed or open case, high quality factor, electromagnetic shielding, wide operating temperature range.
It is better to select the required coil according to the catalogs and the required size. Sizes, as for chip resistors, are specified using a four-number code (0805). In this case, "08" indicates the length, and "05" the width in inches. The actual size of such an SMD component will be 0.08x0.05 inches.
smd diodes and zener diodes
Diodes can be both in cylindrical cases and in cases in the form of small parallelepipeds. Cylindrical diode packages are most often represented by MiniMELF (SOD80 / DO213AA / LL34) or MELF (DO213AB / LL41) packages. Their sizes are set in the same way as for coils, resistors, capacitors.
Diodes, zener diodes, capacitors, resistors | |||||
Type of shell | L* (mm) | D* (mm) | F* (mm) | S* (mm) | Note |
DO-213AA (SOD80) | 3.5 | 1.65 | 048 | 0.03 | JEDEC |
DO-213AB (MELF) | 5.0 | 2.52 | 0.48 | 0.03 | JEDEC |
DO-213AC | 3.45 | 1.4 | 0.42 | - | JEDEC |
ERD03LL | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.05 | PANASONIC |
ER021L | 2.0 | 1.25 | 0.3 | 0.07 | PANASONIC |
ERSM | 5.9 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.15 | PANASONIC, GOST R1-11 |
MELF | 5.0 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | CENTS |
SOD80 (miniMELF) | 3.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.075 | PHILIPS |
SOD80C | 3.6 | 1.52 | 0.3 | 0.075 | PHILIPS |
SOD87 | 3.5 | 2.05 | 0.3 | 0.075 | PHILIPS |
smd transistors
Surface mount transistors are also available in low, medium and high power. They also have matching cases. Transistor cases can be conditionally divided into two groups: SOT, DPAK.
I want to note that in such cases there can also be assemblies of several components, and not just transistors. For example, diode assemblies.
Marking SMD components
It sometimes seems to me that the marking of modern electronic components has turned into a whole science, similar to history or archeology, because in order to figure out which component is installed on the board, sometimes you have to conduct a whole analysis of the elements surrounding it. In this regard, the Soviet output components, on which the denomination and model were written in text, were just a dream for an amateur, since it was not necessary to turn over piles of reference books to figure out what kind of details they were.
The reason lies in the automation of the build process. The SMD components are installed by robots that have special spools (similar to the former magnetic tape spools) in which the chip components are located. The robot does not care what is in the reel and whether the parts have markings. A person needs a label.
Soldering chip components
At home, chip components can only be soldered to certain sizes; size 0805 is considered more or less comfortable for manual installation. More miniature components are already soldered using an oven. At the same time, for high-quality soldering at home, a whole range of measures should be observed.