Spreading southern plane tree. Plane tree is a long-lived tree: planting, care and cultivation of plane trees. Growing from seeds in a pot
The plane tree (plane tree) is a deciduous ornamental tree of the Plane family. It has a powerful trunk, the circumference of which can reach 18 m, and the height - 60 m. Translated from Latin"platos" means "wide".
The plane tree has become widespread: it is found in Europe, Asia and America. Chinara is a long-lived tree; specimens over 2 thousand years old grow in the Caucasus. After planting, it grows very quickly during the first few years, it does not require much care. Propagated by root shoots, but more often it is grown from seeds. Several varieties of plane trees grow in Russia.
About 10 species of plane tree are known, which grow all over the world.
Alley of plane trees
plane tree- a hybrid of western and eastern plane trees. Its height reaches 40 m. It has a wide trunk and a rounded crown. Easily propagated, grows quickly. Distributed in America and Europe. Cultivated since the 17th century. The most popular decorative forms:
- pyramidal;
- variegated;
- Suttner;
- vine-leaved.
Decorative forms of plane tree
Western plane tree is a deciduous tree native to North America. Its height does not exceed 35 m, the bark is light in color. Frost-resistant hybrid capable of withstanding frosts not lower than -35 degrees. Undemanding to soils, but needs regular watering, because it does not tolerate drought.
Western plane tree
Oriental plane tree - plane tree. A fast growing tree, predominantly growing in the Caucasus. Is a long-liver. Its fruits are edible, and they are called "chinariki". Tree seeds remain viable for one year if properly stored. Less frost-resistant than P. ordinary and P. western.
Oriental plane tree
Landing and care
Tree planting is carried out in spring or autumn. Platan prefers sunlight, heat and regular watering. Meanwhile, the tree is completely unpretentious to the composition of the soil.
Advice. But still, the plane tree will grow more actively on loose, mineral-rich soil with abundant watering. In dry times, the amount of watering should be increased.
In warm regions, the eastern plane tree is planted along water sources.
The tree can be pruned both to remove damaged branches and decorative haircuts.
For landing in middle lane Russia should choose frost-resistant varieties of plane trees
Not all plane trees are equally hardy. Therefore, it is worth preparing them for the winter. To do this, the roots need to be mulched with coniferous branches, sawdust or leaves. Chinara adapts well to environment, it adapts even to city polluted air.
The plane tree is not susceptible to attack by pests, and diseases do not affect it either.
Fertilizer
As for dressings, there is absolutely no need for mineral fertilizers. AT young age the plane tree may respond positively to feeding. But fertilizing the already fertile soil is not necessary. After all, the plane tree grows well only on well-ventilated, drained and enriched with minerals and other organic soil.
reproduction
Many people wonder how to grow a plane tree. There are several options for growing this centenarian.
Oriental plane tree
- Self-sowing.
- Growing from seed.
- Cuttings.
- Planting root shoots.
- Pegs.
The first option is common in nature, when the process occurs without human intervention. The most popular way to propagate sycamore is considered to be growing from seed. To do this, velvety nuts are harvested in the fall, then placed in a cloth bag and buried in the ground. The temperature regime should be from 0 to 10 degrees. This procedure is called vernalization - hardening and disinfection. After it, the seeds can be planted in separate containers with drainage. The seedlings will grow very quickly. Moderate watering during their growth period is very important.
Sycamore fruits
Another popular breeding method is cuttings. The cuttings are placed in a container of water and sent to a cool place where the temperature varies from 3 to 6 degrees. In the spring, after the buds swell, the cuttings can be transplanted into open ground.
Attention! When planting cuttings in the ground, the addition of black washed sand is mandatory.
The remaining options are used a little less often, because they are not as effective as the seed method.
The use of plane trees
The tree used to play a role paradise in desert areas. Under its spreading branches it was possible to hide from the scorching sun. Sycamore wood is highly valued, it is used for various purposes: decorating car interiors, making furniture, etc.
Apply plane trees and as a folk medicinal product. It has hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In some recipes, it was used for reptile bites. In Europe, plane trees were smoked like tobacco. The leaves and bark of the tree are used for various lotions.
Plane tree not only decorates gardens, but also helps to improve human health.
In landscape design, plane trees are planted to decorate parks, gardens and squares.
Platan is a tall long-liver. Unpretentious tree. There are many ways to reproduce it. But the most effective is still considered to be growing from seeds. Loves the sun, heat and moisture. Grows predominantly in fertile soils. It is winter-hardy, but needs warming for the winter, so most species grow in the southern regions.
Planting frost-resistant plane trees: video
We have a lot of different plants in our country, this also includes fruit trees, which from year to year bear many fruits. There are varieties of trees that are used for landscape design and creating coziness and a shady area. One of the interesting representatives is considered to be the eastern plane tree, which will be discussed in this article.
oriental maple
There are a very large number of trees all over the world different kinds and destinations, poets even write about some. Platan belongs to one of the ancient species. The plant has its own history, which is more than a thousand years old. In general, the plane tree genus includes 11 trees that always remain green. Most of these plants are found in Europe and Asia. Often the tree can be seen in the Caucasus. The breed grows for a very long time, and there are species that are already more than 2 thousand years old.
Turkey also has one of the oldest representatives, which scientists counted 2300 years old. Its height is 60 meters, the trunk in a circle is 42 meters.
Previously, the plane tree was called the eastern "maple", because its leaves are very similar to maple leaves, but there are some differences between these two trees. The plane tree is much larger in size and the life of the plant is longer. This species is the largest representative on the entire planet. In ancient times, several hundred people could hide from the sun behind an old and large plane tree.
The plant is very popular in those regions where a hot climate prevails, because the plant allows you to get a lot of shade and coolness.
Description
Since ancient times, plane trees have been planted near their homes, as well as near temples, in order to get a lot of shade and cool zones. In Turkey, the plant is called Chinar. There are rumors and legends about such a plant.
The breed is deciduous, grows in height by about 30 meters, and the trunk is up to 12 meters in a circle. The crown of the plane tree is low and wide. The branches are twisted, often going away from the trunk itself, and the lower branches are tilted towards the ground. Typically, leaves have 5 lobes and a young tree has 3 lobes per leaf. The sheets are up to 15 cm long, the same size and width.
The plane tree bears fruits - nuts, which after winter turn into small nuts. The ripening time lasts for a whole year, after which the nut is divided into small particles and they are scattered by winds over the area.
Everything is beautiful in the breed, and today the view is a favorite among gardeners, since the decorative effect is better than that of many other representatives. Wild Platan can often be seen near rivers, lakes, in forests, among mountains.
Landing
Oriental maple grows rapidly, so the plant becomes 2 meters in a year of growth. The seeds of the tree are unique, because the germination lasts a year, with proper storage.
Before planting, the seeds of the plant should be briefly left in the water. Landing in the ground is carried out with the onset of spring or autumn. Any soil is suitable, but the site itself should be light.
The breed is frost-resistant and normally tolerates frost down to -15 degrees. When growing in the middle lane, it is recommended to select varieties that are more frost-resistant. Where heat and heat predominate, the plant is planted near water.
For rapid growth, you will need to plant the plant in loose soil, where there are a lot of minerals. For Sycamore, constant watering is important, especially if a drought begins. If you constantly and abundantly water the tree, then it will effectively stand out in the garden, among other plantings.
Another tree needs some care:
- The sycamore tree will need to be trimmed constantly, which will allow you to remove damaged and damaged branches. Pruning is also needed to give the correct shape and create a decorative look.
- Before winter, you need to prepare a tree. For this, mulch is made from coniferous branches, as well as sawdust. Some people use fallen leaves for mulch.
To date, the plant is adapted to the fact that in cities there is gas pollution. The plane tree is not exposed to pests, which is also very important when growing. Also, the plant resists many diseases. The main thing to remember when growing Platan:
- Water the tree regularly.
- Plant the plant in places with good lighting.
Experienced gardeners advise fertilizing the plant only during the first years of its life. In the case when the land is fertile, then the tree can not be fertilized at all, natural fertilizer is enough for it. In case of illness or retarded growth, feed is added to the soil, but first the reason is determined, which is not enough for Platan. If the development of the tree is normal, then universal types of feeding are used. The main condition is to carefully follow the instructions so that there is no overdose.
In the spring, Platan should be planted in heavy soil, and in the fall it is better to use light soil. Planting seeds is carried out according to standard technology, the depth of the seeds is about 0.5 m. When the Platan grows up, it can be transplanted.
It is difficult to confuse the plane tree with other breeds, since strength and beauty are immediately visible, as well as a large spreading crown. The main feature of Platan is that after a while of growth, the bark begins to flake off. Therefore, the owners need to monitor the plant so that the integrity is not violated. Pests can enter through the damaged bark, after which the Platan will get sick.
If you have experience in planting trees by cuttings and layering, then you can use this technique, in addition, this method is considered the best for Platan. If properly planted, watered and cared for, then the plane tree will grow, delight with its beauty and create a good shade for hundreds of years.
Sycamore wood is valuable and rare - not every craftsman manages to work with it. Such a characteristic of plane tree wood, as an external similarity with snake skin, makes it in demand for decorative and finishing works.
Platan: main characteristics
The plane tree belongs to the plane tree family, there are 10 species in the genus. These are hybrids distributed from Indochina to the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as in North America.
All plane trees are large trees that can live up to 2 thousand years. They are characterized by a wide dense crown, high - up to 50 meters, and wide - up to 17 meters in circumference - the trunk. The trunk is notable for the fact that the bark on it exfoliates to a height of up to 25 meters, and the trunk itself has a cylindrical shape.
Sycamore leaves are similar to maple leaves - palmately lobed, growing on long petioles. The fruit of the tree is a polynutlet.
In our latitudes, plane trees are not so common. This is a weakly frost-resistant plant, subject to the influence of biological factors - rotting, pests. However, in areas with a favorable climate, plane trees are widely used as pioneer trees for reclamation, landscaping, protection from smoke and gas. And, of course, for decoration - few people will be left indifferent by the majestic knotted body of the plane tree.
Sycamore wood: physical and mechanical characteristics
Sycamore wood is comparable to wood or. This is a heartwood, the sapwood is grayish, the heartwood is reddish-brown in color, there is no contrasting transition between the sapwood and the heartwood. The annual layers are almost invisible. The texture of sycamore wood is formed by wide false rays, which are clearly visible in the cut. It is worth noting that the texture and color can vary greatly even within the same trunk, not to mention plane trees grown in different climatic conditions.
The density of plane tree wood is 650-700 kg/m3. It is a moderately light and hard breed, with densely but evenly spaced fibers. Brinell strength is 3.9. On the cut, fibers of a darker color than the rest of the wood are visible. - granular, speckled, and sometimes the so-called "spectacled plane tree" gives an incredibly beautiful texture due to the zones of knots located on the cut surface.
Another property of sycamore wood is its brilliance.
Sycamore wood: processing
Sycamore wood is well polished, after which the surface shines glossy. Sycamore wood is cut well, without chips, but doesn't bend very well.
Sycamore wood is held under less "capricious" conditions than other hardwood species, it does not crack. But there is a possibility of warping (especially for veneer). This is a medium drying breed.
After steaming, sycamore wood acquires a maroon color.
Sycamore products are able to stably maintain their shape and dimensions - if the drying was carried out correctly. However, it is not necessary to place products made of sycamore wood in the open air or in a room with increased level humidity - as already mentioned, this material has low biostability.
Sycamore wood: application
The use of sycamore wood is determined by its rich, variegated texture. This is, first of all, all kinds of crafts.
In carpentry and furniture production, the use of sycamore wood is extensive due to the rarity of the species and the high cost of raw materials. Not only the trunk and branches of the tree are used, but also the roots, which have a yellowish-white or reddish color. Working with sycamore roots requires a certain amount of skill.
Platan is highly valued - under snake skin. Such a veneer is quite impressive, and you can rarely meet it.
Sycamore wood serves as a material for exclusive parquets, paneling, inlays, mosaics, marquetry, and is used in modeling.
But do not forget that the plane tree is a Red Book plant, so you should admire its beauty only in unique things and interior items, but not in solid wood furniture.
Tatyana Kuzmenko, member of the editorial board of the Sobcorrespondent of the online publication "AtmWood. Wood-industrial bulletin"
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Plane tree, plane tree, oriental maple - under these names a majestic tree is known that grows in many countries with a warm climate. In Europe, these are Italy, Greece, the states of the Balkan Peninsula. In the Mediterranean - the islands of Crete and Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan. The plane tree is found in the valleys of the rivers of Asia Minor and the floodplain forests of Azerbaijan. The tree grows in Indochina, Australia and even North America. There is also a plane tree in Russia under the name oriental maple. It has received the greatest distribution in Central Asia, where it has been cultivated for a millennium and a half and is called the plane tree.
In general, there are 3 main regions where this wonderful tree grows or is cultivated:
- Central Asian region (chinara).
- North America (western plane tree).
- Europe (hybrid plane tree).
The plane tree is a tree from the plane tree family, 25–30 m high (some specimens reach 50 m), with a wide knotted trunk and a spreading crown. The sycamore leaf is similar to maple, with sharp narrowed edges, the petioles of the leaves are long. The thick multi-layered bark has a light gray or greenish-gray tint. In autumn, the top layer of the bark falls off. After flowering, small greenish balls can be seen on the tree, eventually forming a fruit. Sycamore fruits ripen by spring and in February-March crumble; the contents of the fruit - brown nuts - can be eaten.
The branches and branches of the plane tree form a dense crown, which, given the size of the tree itself, gives shade over a large area. Even in ancient times, Central Asian plane trees landed along ditches, at mosques and tombs - wherever a large number people needed shelter from the scorching heat. There is a legend about a tree, under the shadow of which one hundred horsemen could be located.
This property has determined the tree in the category of decorative and park. Many gardens and streets of Tashkent, Samarkand and other cities of the East are decorated with powerful stovburs of plane trees. Recently, there has been a tendency to increase plantings of plane trees, which should replace less durable species in cities: poplar, maple, acacia.
Three main types are distinguished according to individual characteristics:
- Platanus orientalis.
- Platanus occidentalis.
- Platanus hispanica.
Gallery: plane tree (25 photos)
Main varieties
It is worth considering in more detail some varieties of wood.
How to grow sycamore from seeds
Oriental maple can be grown from cuttings or layering (for cultural plantings) or use the year-round germination that nature has given. The seed germinates directly from the previously prepared soil: the earth must be loosened and fertilized in order to allow the tree to multiply in more comfortable conditions. A description of how to grow a plane tree from seeds can be found on sites dedicated to landscape design.
When choosing a place where the eastern plane tree will grow, it is necessary to provide for the necessary distance from buildings and structures. The powerful root system of this giant tree can damage even a strong foundation.
Use in business activities
Oriental maple has a lush, beautiful crown, due to which this species is used in the decoration of landscape gardening. With skillful pruning, a plane tree can give a garden or park the look you need for the landscape or form its basis. The original coloring of the wood makes it possible to use plane tree for the needs of the woodworking industry. The main color of the wood is red, from pinkish-white to coffee. The unique texture allows the use of valuable wood in the manufacture of artistic and decorative products, for the decoration of halls and offices, and for the manufacture of exclusive furniture.
The physical and mechanical properties of oriental maple wood are ideal for processing. It is light, has sufficient density and hardness. The material is well cut, polished and ground. Veneer is in great demand. However, with many positive properties, this wood is prone to rotting and warping, which complicates the process of its preparation.
For medical purposes, the bark of the oriental maple, its roots and leaves are used. The pharmacological properties of the tree are due to the special chemical composition.
- A decoction of the roots is used as a hemostatic agent.
- The bark has anti-inflammatory properties, helps with viral infections and stomach diseases.
- An infusion of the leaves helps with conjunctivitis.
- Also known in folk medicine healing properties an ointment prepared from the ashes left after burning the bark. External use of such an ointment is indicated for burns.
The fast-growing, unpretentious plane tree among many peoples of Central Asia and the Caucasus is an indispensable attribute of folklore. Chinara, as a symbol of longevity and majesty, is found in songs, legends and folk tales, occupying a worthy place among the ancient cult symbols.
In some nations, this tree is considered one of the most revered. It has an impressive appearance, beautiful red wood, and is also used for medicinal purposes. It is planted in large cities for landscaping and in private gardens to create shady corners. This is a plane tree - a tree that can reach an impressive age of 2000 years!
Description of the centuries-old giant
This tree belongs to the plane tree family. It is distinguished by its height, which can reach 50-60 meters. At the same time, it has a powerful trunk, with a circumference of 18 meters. As you know, the plane tree is a deciduous tree with a lush crown. Its leaves resemble the shape of maple. It bears fruits in the form of nuts that remain on the branches all winter. With the onset of spring, they fall off. In addition, it has the peculiarity of shedding its greenish-gray bark and surprising passers-by with a light gray bare trunk. Botanists classify 10 species to the plane tree family, among which there are artificially bred hybrids. On our territory, one wild-growing plane tree is usually found - the eastern plane tree, or, as it is commonly called, the plane tree.
Growing in your garden
This mighty tree can be planted in the field using seeds that are best pre-soaked. It should be buried in the ground to a depth of 50 cm. In this case, the sprout will sprout very soon. Its cultivation does not require special skills. But still, you need to know a few conditions, the observance of which will help grow a healthy plane tree. The tree requires sufficient watering and light. At the same time, he is not threatened by the cold, since he endures them steadfastly. At a young age, if necessary, mineral supplements can be organized. But before carrying out this procedure, it is important to determine exactly what your plant is missing. If this is difficult to do, you can use the complex universal fertilizer, but at the same time it is worth considering the measure. It can be noted that this tree is so unpretentious and fast-growing that it is often chosen for landscaping cities.
Health in your garden
If you decide to plant this giant on your site, it can not only serve as a decoration. Chinar is a tree with a healing effect. Leaves, bark and roots are suitable for these purposes. Although useful material found in fruits.
The bark of the young plant is used as an anti-cancer drug. 15 g of crushed raw materials must be poured with an incomplete glass of var. Set aside for two hours. Take strained medicine for a third of a glass a day three times.
You can prepare a hemostatic agent from the roots. To do this, you need to grind them, and pour 20 grams with an incomplete glass of boiling water. Put in a water bath and wait 20 minutes. Strain and replenish the original volume with boiled water. Drink a tablespoon four times a day. Also, this decoction is taken as an antidote in case of a snake bite. To do this, you need to drink half a glass of "potion" two or three times a day.
With dysentery, toothache, flu, diarrhea, the bark is brewed. 20 g of raw materials, a spoonful of vinegar and water (300 ml) are placed in a container. You need to boil for five minutes. Leave for an hour, then strain. Drink before meals half a glass three times a day.
You can brew crushed leaves in order to make washings and lotions for conjunctivitis and blepharitis. To do this, three tablespoons of dried raw materials are infused for two hours in two glasses of boiling water. The strained solution is applied externally.
In construction
It should be noted that experts in the construction industry especially appreciate the plane tree. The tree has unique properties, and above all it concerns its colors. Often, veneer is made from it, which is obtained in a wide range, from rich red to pink-gray. Sometimes you can find yellow wood. Such a diverse color spectrum gives the product originality. The rock itself is quite hard and dense. Although she has two drawbacks - this is a tendency to rot and warp. But this can be avoided with sufficient processing.