How to paint on wood with acrylics. Petrikovskaya painting on wood with gouache paints under varnish. Painting materials
Khokhloma -
Painting on wood, in which rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches, and sometimes birds, fish and animals are applied in bright colors on a black lacquer background. The name of the style comes from the Nizhny Novgorod district of the same name. The main items on which Khokhloma is applied are dishes, furniture, figurines, nesting dolls.
Gorodets painting -
Painting on wood, in which genre scenes from the life of Russian merchants, as well as animals and flowers, are depicted in rich colors on a golden background. The name of the style comes from the city of Gorodets in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The main items on which Gorodets painting is applied are chests, spinning wheels, children's furniture.
Painting on ceramics, in which floral ornaments of different shades of blue with curls are drawn on a white background. The name of the style comes from the Gzhel Bush district, it is formed by 27 villages in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region. The main items on which Gzhel is applied are dishes, vases, figurines, teapots, cutting boards, nesting dolls.
Fedoskino painting -
Painting on wood, in which portraits of people are depicted on a black lacquer background. At the same time, reflective material is applied to the base - metal powder, gold leaf, gold leaf, mother-of-pearl, which gives the work a glowing effect and depth. The name of the style comes from the village of Fedoskino near Moscow. The main items on which Fedoskino painting is applied are chests, caskets, boxes, album covers, eyeglass cases, wallets, Easter eggs.
Painting of the Northern Dvina -
Painting on wood, in which fairy-tale characters and plants are applied in red and orange colors on a yellow background. The name of the style comes from the Northern Dvina River, which flows in the Komi Republic, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions. The main items on which the painting is applied: dishes, chests, caskets, headrests.
Kama painting -
Painting on wood, in which images of plants and animals are drawn with red paints on an orange background. The name of the style comes from the territory adjacent to the Kama River in the Perm Territory. The main objects on which the painting is applied are furniture, doors and walls of the house.
Zhostovo painting -
Painting of metal trays, in which simple compositions of large and small flowers are depicted on a black background. The name of the style comes from the village of Zhostovo, Moscow region. The main items on which the painting is applied: a variety of trays.
Mezenskaya (Palashchelskaya) painting -
Painting on wood, in which the unpainted background is covered with an archaic fractional pattern - stars, crosses, dashes. They are drawn in two colors: black - "soot" and red - "earth paint". The traditional elements of the Mezen painting are solar disks, rhombuses, crosses. The name of the style comes from the Mezen River, which flows in the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. The main items on which the painting is applied: spinning wheels, ladles, storage boxes, brothers *.
Painting on wood, in which the themes of Russian folk tales or historical events are depicted against a dark background. The name of the style comes from the village of Palekh in the Ivanovo region. The main objects on which the painting is applied: caskets, salt shakers, plates, nesting dolls, panels, brooches.
* Bratina - a kind of ladle, from which they drank wine during feasts in pre-Petrine times.
It would seem that artistic painting no longer has a place in the pragmatic 21st century, and now you can admire it only in museums. However, so far in Russia you can find flourishing workshops that have preserved the ancient traditions of a variety of artistic painting and continue to amaze modern inhabitants with their skill.
Zhostovo
origins Zhostovo painting date back to the beginning of the 19th century. At that time, in several neighboring villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now the Mytishchi district of the Moscow region), handicraft workshops arose that were engaged in the manufacture of painted decorative products from papier-mâché coated with varnish. Artists painted boxes, cigarette cases, sugar bowls and metal trays. Gradually, the number of trays produced increased, thereby displacing other products.
The main motives of the painting are flower bouquets. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of Soviet power, the villages were united into the Metallopodnos artel, and the craftsmen had a hard time when new plots for drawing were imposed on them, dictated by the then realism trends. However, the artists managed to preserve their originality, and the Zhostovo trays passed from the category of household items into decorative panels, which are valued not only in Russia, but also abroad.
Khokhloma
Khokhloma originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the craft came from the village of Khokhloma, where finished products were brought from nearby villages. The founders of this painting on wood are called the Old Believers, who fled from the new church order. It was they who owned the secrets of the "golden" painting on dishes.
By the way, the basis of the painting is not golden, but silvery tin powder. A special composition is applied on top of it, then it is subjected to heat treatment, and only then they begin to paint. The main motifs of Khokhloma are bunches of mountain ash, berries, leaves and flowers.
Gzhel
Gzhel called the hallmark of Russia in the field of applied crafts. It is believed that Gzhel dates back to the 14th century. Some argue that the name comes from the river Gzhelka (Gzholka), on which there was a village where the masters lived. Others believe that "Gzhel" is a paraphrase of the word "zhgel", i.e. firing of ceramics. 60 km from Moscow there is a "Gzhel bush", which consists of 27 villages, where they are engaged in firing and painting of ceramic products. They were painted with cobalt blue in two ways: overglaze and underglaze. First, the drawing was applied to wet clay, and then again to the glaze. The craft of Gzhel dishes flourished, because the rich used silverware, and ordinary people used coarse pottery of various sizes. Over time, Gzhel became accessible to all segments of the population, but it did not lose its beauty and demand.
Fedoskino
The village of Fedoskino (Moscow region) is famous for painting with varnishes. In the 18th century, the Lukutinskaya factory for the production of lacquer visors for hats was located near the village. Then she changed direction, and 80 civilian workers took up painting papier-mâché and wood lacquer products. The amazing glow and brilliance of caskets and other miniatures was achieved by “writing through”. This was the name of the technique when, before drawing itself, a thin layer of gold leaf, mother-of-pearl was applied to the surface. The most popular subjects for drawing are connected with the life of the common people.
Mezen painting
Like many other folk crafts, Mezen painting got its name from the area in which it developed - in this case, from the name of the Mezen River, located in the Arkhangelsk region. The technique in which the masters work goes back to the ancient Slavic tribes. The main ornaments are rhombuses, crosses, solar discs, repeated in a certain sequence.
In the Mezen painting on wood, only two colors dominate - black (soot) and reddish (ocher). Basically, ornaments are applied to household items: boxes, spinning wheels, ladles. After painting the utensils, drying oil is applied to it, which protects the drawing from erasure and gives it additional shine.
Many modern artists continue to engage in ancient crafts, while introducing something of their own. So the artist from Izhevsk
In contemporary art, painting on wood with acrylic paints, gouache, oil and aniline dyes is widely used. In history, wood painting is an ancient folk craft. For many centuries the tree prevailed in everyday life because of its availability and ease of processing. Before people learned to process metal, all furniture and kitchen utensils, chests, caskets, spinning wheels were made of wood, not to mention doors, gates, wooden shutters. Along with carpentry and wood carving, special technologies for wood processing and ornamental painting of products developed.
Types of artistic painting
In the middle of the 20th century, types of wood painting from a handicraft art form turned into art ones and they are also studied in schools of fine arts. Different types of techniques are characterized by their unique and recognizable ornamentation, which historically developed in step with the times and the evolution of colors and materials.
Nowadays, it is enough to use special paints for wood and purchase wood products, varnishes and strengthening agents for crafts. Many modern masters not only bring novelty to their work, but also continue the tradition of painting wooden products.
The first lessons for beginners are to learn the principles of drawing each type. Gorodets painting on wood is characterized by floral ornaments in bright colors, mostly on a yellow background, but nowadays the background in this type of painting is given less attention, since the drawing looks good on a clean wooden texture.
The elements of the picture are made in a few simple steps, by painting with primary colors, shading with darker thin strokes and lightening with white or yellow paint.
Idealized images of birds, animals, in particular black horses, trees are also used. In ancient times, Gorodets painting also depicted the peasant and merchant life of those times. The pictures below show an example.
Khokhloma painting, which exists in mass production to this day, has become a hallmark of Russia. This is not just painting, but a whole technology for the production of wooden products, the processing of which uses drying oil, clay, aluminum powder and varnish. As a result of multi-stage actions, the products first acquire a silvery color, they are painted mainly with black and red paints, sometimes the leaves are made in green. At the end of the work, they are varnished, and the silver color becomes gilded. This painting technology came from icon painters.
The elements of Khokhloma painting are mainly dense vegetation, large flowers, curls, leaves, rowan berries, strawberries, there are decorative birds, roosters, swans, but the main symbol of Khokhloma is the firebird.
Also, this type of painting is divided into two types of technology - top and background. Horse painting involves drawing a picture on the background, and background drawing contours and applying a black or red background.
Mezen painting depicts black and red ornaments, more reminiscent of cave rock art.
Gzhel painting is also not to be confused with other art, with its blue lush flowers on a white background.
In the modern art of wood painting, master artists use various techniques to create a decor style, souvenir sets of dishes. As a gift, hand-painted plates, candy bowls, salad bowls, cutting boards are presented.
Tree preparation
Painting on wood with acrylic paints is a simple task for experienced artists, as the material is expensive, although suitable for working with wood.
To start painting on a wooden surface, you need to take the finished product, which are sold as blanks for decor, clean it with the finest sandpaper and prime the surface with the appropriate paint, after which you can start drawing.
Some drawings require for beginners to sketch with a simple pencil, which in principle is permissible. Any steps in the application of varnish or paint require complete drying before proceeding. At the end of the work, the product is covered with a transparent varnish to fix the paint.
Painting on wood with acrylic paints: techniques for beginners
Painting on wood with acrylic paints: techniques for beginners In modern art, painting on wood with acrylic paints, gouache, oil and aniline dyes is widely used
What kind of paint is used on wood?
- You can paint on wood with any paint. But it MUST be primed first. If you write with oil paints without a primer, then the oil goes into the wood, unbound paint masses remain on the surface, which quickly fly off. The primer will keep the oil from seeping into the wood.
There are several ways to prime. The simplest one, which I have been using for a long time, is this:
We take white PVA glue, pour building chalk into it (it can be from school crayons), mix thoroughly until the consistency of thick sour cream. Avoid lumps. We cover the place for drawing with three layers of this composition. The first layer - brush (better if wide) move horizontally. The layer must dry. The second layer - move the brush vertically. The layer must dry. The third layer - brush again move horizontally. Dry off and start writing.
If you do not want to have a white background, then you need to apply three layers of PVA glue without chalk. When all layers are dry, the overall layer will be transparent.
Second primer. Acrylic primer is sold in art stores. Also put at least two layers.
you need a primer first
It also has a great online store. Good luck with your work.
If you work with acrylic (oil, in my opinion, it’s not worth it, it dries for a long time), then you can use a white acrylic-based primer - this is if the drawing covers the entire surface. If the painting provides for the raw wood as the main background, then I would cover it as primer with “milk” PVA (1 part glue + 3 parts water). The essence of the primer is to close the pores of the surface from the penetration of paint into them (so that the properties of the paint do not change). If you want to preserve the structure of the tree and at the same time the paints did not give bright colors, but, as it were, a shade on the tree, then there are so-called colored azures in hardware stores, but you can also use watercolors. But in this case, be sure to take into account the fact that the tree has the property of “sunbathing” over time. For example, conifers turn very yellow and this must be taken into account in the colors of the picture. Well, in conclusion, be sure to cover with several layers of varnish - this is still a table. I would try yacht varnish (you can also buy it in hardware stores) - it gives a very strong layer that is resistant to abrasion. As for paints, look at acrylic on complex surfaces, such as French or English.
It is not difficult. First, glue the surface - for example, with PVA glue (so that the paint does not “pull”). After drying, clean with sandpaper. This is necessary because, after gluing, the wood fibers will “stand on end”, and the surface will be too rough, rough. Then you can paint. Priming is not necessary.
The choice of colors depends on where the post will be located. If indoors, you can paint with tempera or acrylic. If on the street, it is better with oil or alkyd paints.
Paints consist of pigment, water and acrylic polymer emulsion as a binder. They dry very quickly, become darker when dried, but acrylic does not form cracks, unlike oil paints. Acrylic paints can be thinned with water, but after drying they become resistant to water. You can draw with them on any non-greasy surface, such as glass, wood, metal, canvas, canvas. Acrylic outdoor painting gives successful results, because the paint is not affected by weather conditions. Artistic acrylic paints can be purchased in tubes (pasty) or cans (more liquid). In our online store you can choose and buy both sets of acrylic paints, and one color of different types and productions, in a wide range of prices.
Acrylic primer and acrylic paints should be primed. However, if I were you, I would not be so self-confident, because it is very unpleasant to fill up an order that has not been received due to your own fault.
What kind of paint is used on wood?
What kind of paint is used on wood? You can paint on wood with any paint. But it MUST be primed first. If you write with oil paints without a primer, then the oil goes into the wood, and remains on the surface.
Since ancient times, our ancestors have painted various patterns on wooden surfaces. After all, wood painting looks great both on a rustic casing and on wooden kitchen utensils, it is also appropriate in the interior of residential premises.
Perhaps someone would like to try to decorate their home with painted household items, but does not know where to start, what is needed for this. To do this, you need, in addition to brushes and paints, very little - most of the necessary things can be found at home.
Getting everything ready for work
Before you start creating an artistic masterpiece, you need to prepare in advance everything that can be useful in the process of work:
- blanks (any object made of wood that is planned to be beautiful and unique),
- soft pencil,
- eraser,
- sandpaper of various grits,
- paper sheets (for those who work from sketches),
- a set of brushes of various thicknesses,
- palette,
- templates (for those who can't draw),
- paint,
- primer,
- transparent varnish (it is advisable to varnish the finished pattern so that it is less damaged),
- container for liquids (for water or solvent, depending on the coloring matter).
The primer on wood is selected in accordance with the type of paint, but the choice of paint must be taken seriously.
Features of coloring materials
Most often, home craftsmen, when painting on wood, use the following types of paints:
In another way, these dyes are also called poster. They are a thick opaque mass. It is easy to work with them, but it is impossible to create complex drawings with many shades. For drawing, gouache must meet the following requirements:
- easy to apply on the surface
- after drying, do not wash off, do not crack.
To keep the pattern drawn with gouache more firmly, not water is used to dilute the paint, but an aqueous solution of PVA glue in a ratio of 1: 1. This dilution of the paint eliminates the need for a preliminary primer.
Gouache drawings always turn out bright, colorful, and the dye is cheap. Gouache is suitable for those who begin to master wood painting and create their first masterpieces.
watercolor
Everyone is familiar with the simple watercolors used by schoolchildren. Compared to gouache, they are more transparent, allowing you to create a complex pattern with many shades. In order to get a beautiful drawing, watercolor should:
- lie on the surface of the workpiece evenly, without spots and streaks,
- stick firmly after drying.
The main advantage of watercolors is that if there are mistakes in drawing, the product can be washed, dried, primed and painted again.
Acrylic-based paints are among the best, and painting on wood with them is not only beautiful: acrylic dyes additionally protect and strengthen the material. Manufacturers of art paints offer a wide range of colors for painting, but it is not profitable for beginners to use them.
Why? The fact is that acrylic compositions are quite expensive, so it will be expensive for novice artists who have not yet fully mastered the drawing technique to use them. But those who have already achieved some experience can create their own masterpieces with them to decorate the interior.
The coloring matter is diluted to a working consistency with the recommended solvent (White spirit, drying oil), after which you can paint. But oil paints have the following features:
- give only bright shades (they can paint an object under Khokhloma or make a stylish gold pattern on a black background),
- durable, after drying they can not be removed.
Those who have at least a little experience in drawing will like to work with oil paints, because they can decorate the interior of living rooms inexpensively and for a long time.
Aniline
Aniline-based dyes are increasingly found in the interior of houses, they paint wooden walls or small decorative objects, and in rural areas, craftsmen decorate their homes with them. Aniline dyes have a number of positive qualities:
- They are easy to draw.
- With them you can get a lot of beautiful shades.
- They are inexpensive.
Getting ready to paint
Before applying beautiful patterns, the base must be prepared. To do this, you must perform the following steps:
- clean with a “skin”, gradually changing from larger to smaller, the base to smoothness,
- coat the surface with a wood primer that matches the paint used,
- wait for the primer to dry and apply a color base, painting the product with the desired color.
After the color base has dried, it is possible to apply a pattern using any technology.
How to draw
Depending on the skill level, wood painting can be done using the following technologies:
- point,
- using a stencil
- sketch drawing.
Stencil method
Drawing using a template is the simplest: for this, you only need to put a stencil on the surface, circle it with a soft pencil, and you can paint. You can make a stencil yourself by copying any picture you like or asking a familiar artist to make a template.
Point method
The point technique also helps to create beautiful things for those who do not have artistic skills. The point method consists in drawing a set of reference points in a sketch drawing and copying them as accurately as possible from the selected sketch onto the surface to be painted.
The dot method of drawing requires some skills. But maybe it’s worth remembering how in childhood they connected numbers with lines, and some kind of silhouette was obtained? The point method of drawing is based precisely on this, and the more points are transferred, the more accurate will be the correspondence to the selected picture, which then remains only to color.
The point method of transferring a picture to the base allows you to create artistic masterpieces for those who have almost no drawing skills. Simply copy one or more drawings with a soft pencil and color. You can do as it was in the original, but it is better to show imagination and choose your own colors.
Sketches
This technique involves free creativity, when a sketch is drawn, and then transferred to the base and painted. Sketches can be both elements of a picture (for artists), and any geometric elements (for those who do not know how to draw professionally). Using sketches, you can come up with your own unique pattern for drawing, and it does not matter what is used: geometric shapes, floral elements or free professional creativity.
Painting wooden objects is easy. Having mastered one of the proposed techniques and choosing the right paint, you can create real masterpieces, making your house or apartment interior truly unique.
How to stylishly and beautifully paint wooden surfaces
Wood painting is not difficult, and there are techniques that allow beginners to create their own masterpieces. The right choice of paint and painting technique is the basis of success.
4. Fixing with acrylic varnish.
Painting materials
The main materials that will be required for acrylic painting on wood are:
Sandpaper to clean the surface of the wood and to give a slight roughness. This is done so that the pattern is applied more accurately and is durable in the future. You will need two types of sandpaper: hard and soft. The tree is cleaned along the fibers.
Brushes for painting on wood
The best brushes for painting on wood are soft brushes of natural origin. Squirrel, core, less often sable are especially valued. However, synthetic brushes are also great for acrylic paints.
Before the process, it is important to determine the appropriate sizes for brushes, which are indicated by numbers. For beginners, it is advised to take one large, two medium and one thin small brush.
It is important to remember that all ancient trade paintings originated in the peasant class, in the hands of people who were much more familiar with the plow and hammer than the brush. And if they can do it, you can too! In traditional paintings, there is no need to draw faces, figures, or observe portrait likeness. The most important thing is to hone the technique of drawing different elements, learn how to freely turn the brush in your hands and mix colors. You need to apply a little patience, drawing the same elements over and over again, and in the end you will learn how to draw them perfectly! A fairly small number of simple basic elements and their combinations - that's all!
And it is important to understand that if recognized masters of various types of painting could apply it without a preliminary drawing, then we, mere mortals, can not apply the drawing immediately with paints, but use a pencil, stencil, carbon paper or tracing paper to start, but not get too carried away. After all, if you constantly resort to ready-made drawings, the ability to fantasize on your own is dulled. Remember, the main thing is to always enjoy the process of painting.
Painting on wood matryoshka
One of the oldest types of arts and crafts is the well-known artistic decorative painting on wood. Recall Gorodets, Petrikov, Khokhloma painting. Russian craftsmen have long been famous for their ability to paint dishes and furniture. Images are ornamental or plot.
For painting, it is possible to buy ready-made wooden blanks, which is convenient for beginners, or you can paint wooden hangers, brushes, cutting boards, spatulas, spoons, bracelets, caskets, even gouache floors with your own hands.
Gouache painting technology on wood for beginners
1. It is desirable that the surface of the wood for painting be even and smooth, if this is not the case, then you need to preliminarily polish her. One thing - regardless of the type of sandpaper, you should always sand along the wood fibers.
2. To protect the top layer of wood, it is applied wood stain. Mordants come in different shades, colors - light, dark, transparent. I have never done this before, I left it as is.
3. The next step is wood surface primer. If not all the tree on top is painted, but only partially, then the primer also needs to be applied only to these places. As a primer, I usually used white acrylic paint.
An interesting method of restoring a small round table top with a simple but sophisticated Art Nouveau floral ornament. Ornament with tulips can be made both with acrylic and gouache. The technology is the same. Here in detail, for beginners, it is shown how, in what order, the repeating elements of a circular pattern are painted. This is a kind of master class in drawing a picture on a tree - decorating furniture with paints.
4.Paint we will be on top of the primer.
The contours of the painting on the tree are applied, for example, with a pencil. You can use different colors, including acrylic And oil. We were once taught to work on a wooden surface gouache. You can add a little PVA glue to gouache.
Russian painting on wood "Khokhloma"
5. At the end of the work, decorative gouache painting is necessary varnish. Then the drawing on the tree will play in a completely different way. I used to use furniture (which was at home). Now I have acrylic, it is good because it practically does not smell, it dries pretty quickly. I still advise you to work with him in a ventilated area. I use the same varnish as a coating when making eggshell mosaics.
It is better to apply a varnish coating on top of the painting in several layers, before applying a new layer, the previous one must dry completely. The room where the varnished work dries should not be dusty, otherwise all the dust particles will stick to the wet coating. On the street, too, you should not dry the varnish, the wind will blow - all the fine dirt brought by it will remain forever at your work.
Norwegian painting of wooden objects
I like Scandinavia, probably more because of its nature, it pulls not to the south, but to the north - there's nothing to be done. In August I visited Norway. There she spied on the national decorative painting of wooden utensils and interior details - walls, doors, furniture, chests and caskets. I am happy to share what I see.
We all know our native Khokhloma painting. It is interesting to compare with other, for example, Scandinavian versions of this art. There they also have their own name - "rosemaling".
The northern country, rich in forest, also made a lot of wood there, life was decorated as far as possible, so here you can undoubtedly find a lot in common with Russia.
I started with simple objects, simple drawings, small boards, spatulas, photos of which you see below. Later I even made a tiny icon, I copied it from the original, the work is very delicate, but, unfortunately, I didn’t keep it.
Wooden spatula painted by me
On the other hand, several old kitchen cutting boards and spatulas have been preserved from the time of visiting the course of decorative gouache painting on wood for beginners, one with a strawberry pattern (primary colors red, green) remained as bright as before, but the other partially changed its color, and there where the colors are mixed.
Over time, they became an incomprehensible dirty color.
A simple pattern "from the head" of wood painting
So, in the beginning there were flat drawings on the objects of their tree. Next, I tried more interesting forms for painting - voluminous. Like this one:
I also painted the wooden hanger with my own hands. I invented an ornament for decoration out of my head, maybe not very well, but how it happened. It is still used for its intended purpose at my mother's house, and what is surprising is that it has not changed a bit over the years! Paint and varnish adhere well to the surface of the wood, gouache painting has not been damaged by time.
Painting objects on wood is an interesting activity, any beginner can start doing this on their own, the result is very decorative, colorful and durable.
You may be interested in:
You can paint not only nesting dolls and boards. There is no need to invent any pattern, everything is on a whim. The main thing here is not painting, but carving, or rather, carving a bird figurine from wood. It is made from a thick branch, the bark on the wings is left. When the blank-form is ready, it remains only to color the finished product so that it looks like a real bird.
Coffee or coffee table made of wood with decorative hand-painted oriental Moroccan style. It looks very colorful, stylized and decorative. Oriental-style coffee tables with ornaments are typical for Moroccan-style interiors. Complement your interior with such a detail, decorated with gouache painting.
If not everyone is able to make a birdhouse or a dining room on their own, then every beginner can paint a birdhouse with acrylic or gouache - apply a drawing, and then varnish it - make it a decorative element to decorate a garden or a boring winter landscape outside the window. Try doing this with your kids! You'll like it.
Painting on the material is also interesting. Of course, on wood, decorative patterns are more durable, but even here, not everything is so bad with the service life of a knitted product. You just need to follow some rules for drawing and processing the finished thing, which are written on dyes. Nina, who has already painted a lot of decorative products, talks about the features of the work, which can be useful for beginners.
Painting glasses on glass with stained glass paints
One of the series of posts about painting glass, porcelain, ceramic products. Links to the rest can be found inside. My attempt to turn the most ordinary glasses into unique things. For this, different drawings were needed, namely 6 pieces, one per glass. Fish, dragonflies, butterflies, flowers.