Calculation of infrared heating by the area of the room. How to calculate the required heater power for a room
With infrared heaters, the problem is that they heat by sector. But this is also a key advantage, thanks to which you can save wooden money, which is what Uralkali did, giving employees only bonuses for fresh ideas over 10 million rubles. Impressive. And what will we get by calculating the power of infrared heaters. This issue is planned to be addressed in today's review.
Why Infrared Heaters Save Money
Let's see how to calculate heaters for the house. We habitually go to a specialized site and enter numbers to get the required total power. You can, of course, get SNiP if the extra money is stuck in your wallet. Ultimately, power is required. To do this, the program on the site requires:
- Room area.
- The thickness and material of the walls.
- Type of double-glazed windows.
- Number and size of windows.
- Type of ceiling and floor coverings.
Based on these parameters, a model is built, which is placed in certain weather conditions. Most calculators give information about the climate zone, and also ask you to indicate the outside and inside temperatures. What happens next. The program, according to the embedded algorithms, finds losses through walls, windows, ceiling, floor. Sometimes doors appear in the calculation. The total power of the devices exceeds the losses. It helps to calculate the heaters for the house. And then the devices are divided into types, they decide where and what to put, what and how much to buy.
What is important in this calculation? Losses! And they depend on the temperature difference on the other side of the wall. In the case of heating radiators, both the wall and the adjacent space are heated (the carpet is warm, although the air stream goes up, as taught in books on physics). The room temperature is the same. Due to this, the losses coincide with the calculated ones. Let's take a look at what happens when infrared heaters enter the scene.
This type of device is famous for being equipped with a radiation pattern of heat radiation, due to which it does not heat the entire room, but only a selected part. Suppose for a start, the calculation was carried out according to the specified algorithm. We figured that the power consumption of infrared heaters is so much and think about the price. And then the thought creeps in that we are not inhabited in all corners. There is no one here, no extra heat is needed here ... The process of optimizing the solution begins. We begin to think and divide the area into sectors. As a result, it turns out that the space for life is greatly reduced. We calculate how much energy is needed and see profitable savings.
In addition, if you leave only a part of the quartz lamps on the ceiling, then the losses through the walls will drop. Leaks depend on the temperature difference on either side, and if only the center is heated, then the differentiation drops sharply. Due to this, heat losses are also reduced, therefore, we get a gain due to the skillful sectorization of the area and throw less money into the wind (street, out of the window) than with another heating method. At the same time, we notice one minus: during the design, the freezing point of the wall was laid, which will now move inward due to a drop in temperature in the room. Calculate this moment on another program, and according to the results, decide whether it is necessary to perform external wall insulation. Thus, formulate the phrase differently: we lose on construction once, and then constantly win on heating. Every season it will save us money.
But due to the laid insulation, the losses will fall again, therefore, even fewer coins will fly into the wind. A vicious circle is formed, but unlike what happens regularly, the cycle is positive, favorable. Here are two factors that would be good to consider. Find a good mechanism and be able to turn the Earth no worse than Archimedes. By the way, in this case, the weight of the shoulder presses down, which helps the scientist by reducing the necessary length of the lever. And everything was preceded by a fulcrum. For our readers, it will be the knowledge obtained on the VashTechnik portal.
How to calculate infrared heaters
How to heat a room by sectors. From this point of view, it would be recommended to use the same calculator, then start selecting power according to the following criteria:
This applied to ceiling and wall models. But with fireplaces, you can roughly do something similar. The problem here is that the radiation of the infrared heater will cover one side, which is not very pleasant from a human point of view. We assume that they put appliances on opposite walls to compensate for the effect. Or supplement side lighting with ceiling fixtures. The fireplace heats by radiation and convection, so it is appropriate to place this equipment under the windows. In this case, the incoming draft will warm up from the body of the device. There are also mikathermic models. In this case, the calculation of the power of infrared heaters is carried out in a different way.
Estimate the specific value of a square meter, this will be a person's personal space.
The mikathermal emitter loses some of its energy on the protective grid, as well as due to convection, but we are ready to bet that on the territory middle lane there is no place where the power of a standard device would not be enough for one individual. In this sense, there is no difference what to take. Another thing is if it is also supposed to raise the temperature in the room ... In this case, we again take up the calculator. We consider what the losses are, remember how much power is already available. We find the difference, which is missing for the conditions specified in the calculations. In this case, the received power is significant, and infrared heaters will not demonstrate the main advantage - frugality. This is a frontal attack on the cold instead of the skillful maneuvers carried out earlier.
Please note that with sectoral heating, the temperature in the rest of the room will be lower. The air is heated by objects and will rise above the surface illuminated by infrared heaters. The approach should take into account drafts, which will make a significant contribution. On the way of such winds, you will have to put more powerful devices, or completely block the interference with a thermal curtain. As before, the most powerful infrared heater is in a problematic place. From what has been said, it is clear that the advantage of the considered class of devices is ensured by the correct direction of heat. The efficiency of infrared heaters is high, but not for everyone. Fireplaces do not boast of high value.
And if we are already talking about these stone structures, then we recall that electric models are varieties of wind blowers. These are not heating devices, but imitations with weak functionality of warm air jets ejected through the slots of the front panel. The power of electric fireplaces rarely exceeds 2 kW. At the same time, gas models are more productive. But for them you will have to choose a place, as well as punch moves to dump combustion products. This is not convenient, which is why buyers are forced to use imitations, where the effect of seeing a flame is created by a generator on an ultrasonic vibrator that evaporates water at room temperature. It does not hurt to remind you that in this case you will not end up with problems with scale, but we will also find a plus - an increase in humidity in the room.
In winter, doctors call dry air the cause of increased morbidity. In this light, an electric fireplace acts as an acceptable parameter regulator, the main thing here is not to overdo it, because at values above 75%, the fungus begins to multiply shock, and such relative humidity is no longer useful for a person.
Online store sections
Manufacturers
How to choose an infrared heater?
Fig.1 Usually a heater is bought
in the nearest store
In Russia, a significant part of the population is faced with the issue of choosing and buying heaters. They are purchased at the dacha, cottage, office apartment.
But, unfortunately, there is a lack of information on this topic. When buying, people are mainly guided by the familiar appearance or available in the store. There is especially little reliable information about infrared heaters.
The purpose of this article is to objectively talk about infrared radiation, infrared (IR) heaters, their pros and cons and help with the choice and purchase.
What is an infrared heater. Introduction.
Fig.2 IR electric heaters in the subway
Fig.3 IR electric heaters in a cafe
Surely you have repeatedly encountered infrared heaters. You may have seen them in a store, in the subway, in a summer cafe or at someone's dacha. This is a device that is usually hung on the ceiling or wall and from which heat is emitted, similar to the sun. At the same time, it may glow with a reddish light, or it may not manifest itself in any way. In Soviet times, floor infrared heaters were produced, in which heat came from a heated zigzag tube located inside a mirror reflector.
IR heaters are electric, water, gas, diesel. They have been used for a long time. Previously, they were used mainly in factories and warehouses with high ceilings, and then household models appeared.
All these heaters are united by the fact that they do not heat the air, but the surrounding objects due to infrared radiation. At the same time, the first IR heater appeared more than 10 billion years ago. But more on that below.
1. Infrared
2. Infrared heaters
3. Varieties of infrared heaters
4. Choosing an infrared heater
5. How to choose an infrared heater for the room. Choosing a ceiling long-wave electric heater
6. Thermal film. Infrared film.
7. Short-wave electric heaters.
8. Convective infrared heaters.
9. Industrial infrared heaters.
10. Gas and diesel portable infrared heaters.
11. Infrared warm floor.
12. Conclusion. The popularity of infrared heaters.
1. INFRARED RADIATION.
1.1 What is IR radiation.
In scientific terms, infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.7 microns to 1000 microns. It is also called thermal.
What does this mean? We are surrounded by electromagnetic radiation of various wavelengths.
For example, visible light is also radiation with wavelengths from 0.38 microns to 0.73 microns. Without it, we wouldn't be able to see anything.
Less safe, but, nevertheless, useful for humans is ultraviolet radiation (0.2 - 0.4 microns). Thanks to him, we sunbathe and get the necessary vitamin D.
Even less safe, but used in medicine, is X-ray radiation (less than 0.1 microns).
Microwave radiation (more than 1000 microns) is used in radio communications and in everyday life for cooking. Well, radiation is also electromagnetic radiation, only with a completely different wavelength (less than 0.001 microns).
Infrared radiation is part of the electromagnetic radiation that constantly surrounds us.
Rice. 4. Scale of electromagnetic radiation
1.2 How do we feel infrared heat
Rice. 5. It's warm in the sun in spring
regardless of air temperature
A person can feel 2 types of heat.
First is the heat of hot air. For example, the heat from the included hair dryer.
Second is the infrared heat emitted by heated objects. An example of such heat would be a heated frying pan. You bring your hand to it and at a distance of 10-15 cm you feel heat.
This is infrared radiation.
The warmth of a fire, fireplace or stove is similarly felt. We are all familiar with the infrared heat of the sun.
Moreover, we feel the heat from a fire or the sun, regardless of the ambient temperature.
1.3 Is infrared radiation dangerous?
Absolutely safe, - another seller of IR heaters will say.
- Very dangerous. It's radiation!!! - says a person who skipped physics lessons at school.
In fact, both are wrong.
Let the truant open a physics textbook for grade 8, or at least read this article. Electromagnetic radiation surrounds us everywhere and life on earth is impossible without it. Especially without infrared, through which all the heat comes to the Earth.
A competent seller will clarify 2 points:
Rice. 6. Longwave infrared
heaters are safe
Excessive power of infrared radiation can be uncomfortable or even cause heat stroke, which happens periodically in sunny and hot parts of our planet.
- infrared radiation is long-wave, which is also called far (5.6 - 1000 microns), medium-wave (1.5 - 5.6 microns) and short-wave, which is also called near (0.75 - 1.5 microns).
A person is not able to see long-wave radiation, but a person sees medium-wave and short-wave radiation in the form of a reddish glow of heated bodies. The shorter the wavelength, the redder and brighter and the higher the temperature of the heating element. For example, a fire radiates in the shortwave range. Long-term exposure to short-wave infrared radiation leads to the expansion of capillary vessels, which leads to redness and dryness of the skin. Long-wave radiation of moderate power does not lead to any negative effects for the body, and, moreover, it is very actively used in medicine for physiotherapeutic heating.
However, a savvy salesperson would never recommend oversized heaters or shortwave heaters for permanent space heating. Usually, the power of IR heaters is selected based on the height of the ceilings and the area, but more on that below.
Cognitive cartoon about infrared radiation
2. INFRARED HEATERS.
2.1 Where we encounter infrared heaters on a daily basis
If you turn to a school textbook on physics, you can find out that the source of infrared radiation is any object whose temperature exceeds the ambient temperature.
Let's look around. What we see:
- Chandelier with luminous lamps. Lamps emit in the infrared range.
- Let's touch the heating radiator. He is warm. This is also an infrared heater, but also a convector.
- When the TV is turned on, does it get hot? This is also an IR heater
- Let's go to the kitchen. An electric stove burner or gas burner also emits in the IR range.
- Put a frying pan on the stove. She also became an IR heater.
- Even the back surface of the refrigerator is also an infrared emitter.
Rice. 7. Chandelier, radiator, TV, stove, refrigerator. All this is also a kind of infrared heaters.
2.2 Man is also an infrared heater
Rice. 8. Man is also
infrared heater
So, the source of infrared radiation is any object whose temperature exceeds the ambient temperature.
Comfortable room temperature is 22-23 degrees. The temperature of a healthy person is 36.6 degrees.
Man is also an infrared heater!
And even the human radiation spectrum is known. It ranges from 6 µm to 20 µm. When a person gets sick, his temperature rises. A healthy person nearby even feels the heat emanating from the patient. This means that the wavelength emitted by a sick person approaches 6 microns.
2.3 Infrared heater, without which there would be no life on Earth.
Rice. 9. The sun is the main
infrared heater.
Each of us has seen the largest infrared heater so necessary for life on Earth. This is our Sun! As you know, there is no air space between the Sun and the Earth. You can not put a fan and "blow" warm air from the Sun to the Earth.
All heat from the Sun is transferred to the Earth by infrared radiation.
Without it, there would be not only a person, but also plants and even the smallest bacteria and microorganisms. The main part of the infrared radiation of the Sun that hits the Earth is absorbed by the Earth's surface, which, in turn, warms up, gives off heat to the air and makes life possible on our planet.
2.4 What is an infrared heater structurally?
Rice. 10. Ceiling device
IR heater
4. Foil reflector
Rice. 11. When wall mounted
ceiling IR heater
part of the energy goes into heating the air,
that accumulates at the ceiling.
Rice. 12. When ceiling mounted
ceiling IR heater all energy
will go to infrared rays,
directed to the floor.
From the above, it can be understood that An IR heater is a device that emits infrared, or heat, rays.
Technically, this is achieved very simply. In order for any object or material to begin to radiate infrared heat, it simply needs to be heated. Heating can be done by electricity, water or gas.
But a heated object will give off heat not only in the form of infrared radiation, part of its heat will inevitably be spent on heating the air.
An infrared heater is a heater that practically does not heat the air and gives off maximum energy in the form of infrared heat. In order for the heater not to heat the air, it is necessary that the air around it does not circulate. One way to achieve this is to place the heating surface of the heater horizontally, parallel to the floor.
Let's look at this with an example. Let's take an ordinary ceiling infrared heater. It consists of a body, a heated aluminum plate and a heat insulator (Fig. 10)
Place the device on the wall (Fig. 11). Some of the heat will come from it in the form of IR rays, but some of the heat will be spent on heating the nearby air. The air will be heated at the bottom of the plate, and due to the process of natural convection will rise up, and new colder air will come to replace it.
Now let's place it on the ceiling (Fig. 12). Almost all the energy will be spent on infrared rays directed at the floor. Of course, nearby air will heat up, but it won't a large number of air, as it has nowhere to circulate. The effect of convection will be minimal. Also, part of the heat will come from the upper surface of the heater, but its amount will be minimal due to the use of a heat insulator in the design of the device.
Thus, an infrared heater is not a microwave oven and not some terrible emitter of some terrible waves. In fact, this is an ordinary heater, the proportion of infrared radiation of which is often determined only by its placement in space. And the "terrible waves" in fact turn out to be the usual warmth that we encounter in everyday life since childhood.
2.5 The difference between infrared heaters and convectors
Rice. 13. Convectors heat the air,
which leads to overheating
at the ceiling.
The main function of the convector is heating, circulating due to natural convection around or inside the air.
Structurally, the convectors are made in such a way that the maximum volume of air comes into contact with the heating element, heats up and rises up due to natural convection. The main disadvantage of convectors follows from the principle of their work.
Convectors initially heat the air, which inevitably rises to the ceiling and accumulates there. To achieve a comfortable temperature at the level of a person and near the floor, it is necessary to overheat the air near the ceiling. It wastes energy and therefore money. Since convectors heat the air, they also dry it. This is related to the temperature of the heating element. In the worst case, at very high temperatures, convectors can burn oxygen.
Infrared heaters do not heat the air. They heat the floor, objects, walls, and the air is already heated from them. In the same way, the sun heats the earth, and the air heats up from the earth. Since IR heaters only come into contact with a limited amount of air and do not circulate it, they do not dry the air and do not burn oxygen.
Of the advantages of convectors, one can single out the creation of an air flow that prevents the entry of cold air. If the convector is placed under a cold window, then the window will blow less. IR heaters do not perform this function, they heat the entire room or area.
2.6 Difference between infrared heaters and oil heaters.
Rice. 14. Oil - the most outdated and
inefficient type of electric heater.
Oil heaters by the principle of operation are convective and have all the disadvantages of convectors listed in the previous section.
But only oil heaters have even more disadvantages.
Firstly, they heat up to a fairly high temperature and dry the air very much. This is known to all owners of oiled electric heaters.
Secondly, part of the energy during their operation is spent on completely useless oil circulation inside the device. We can say that oil-immersed electric heaters are the worst type of household heating appliances.
They are uneconomical and uncomfortable.
Of the pluses, only one point can be singled out. If you suddenly turn off the electricity, it will take a long time to cool down.
2.7 Difference between infrared heaters and fan heaters.
Rice. 15. Fan heater warms up quickly
air, but it dries out a lot
and burns oxygen.
The principle of operation of a fan heater is based on forced air blowing through a heating coil heated to a very high temperature. The built-in fan sucks in cold air and blows out warm or even hot.
An ordinary household hair dryer works in a similar way. Of the advantages of such a heater, one can single out a very fast heating of the air in the room, and the main disadvantage is the overdrying of the air and the combustion of oxygen. Also, fan heaters are short-lived and require supervision.
Sometimes on sale you can find fan heaters, in which air is blown through ceramic honeycombs, which are heated to low temperatures, not exceeding 100 degrees. Such fan heaters do not burn oxygen, but still have all the other disadvantages of fan heaters.
A particular example of a fan heater is a thermal curtain. It is installed above the doorway, blowing warm air down and thereby preventing cold air from entering the room.
2.8 Safety of infrared heaters.
Rice. 16. Ceiling infrared
heaters are safe for health
and cannot cause a fire.
Consumers are often concerned about the health and fire safety of IR heaters. Health safety is described above in section 1.3.
Household infrared heaters are absolutely safe for health.
Let's take a closer look at fire safety. Long-wavelength (which do not glow) ceiling IR heaters are completely safe. Firstly, they are made of metal and non-combustible elements, secondly, they are located on the ceiling at a distance of at least 5 cm and do not directly contact anything, and thirdly, they heat up to a temperature of no more than 250-270 degrees and are not able to ignite anything. For example, the ignition temperature of paper exceeds 400 degrees Celsius.
Short-wavelength (luminous) heaters can theoretically cause a fire if foreign objects come into direct contact with the heating element. Therefore, they are equipped with a protective grill and, as a rule, protection against tipping over, but still it is better not to leave them unattended.
2.9 Pros and cons of different types of heaters.
Infrared heaters (ceiling) | Convectors (wall-mounted) | Oil heaters (floor) | Fan heaters and thermal curtains | |
---|---|---|---|---|
What is heated | Surrounding objects (floor, walls, furniture, people) | Air | Air and, to a very small extent, surrounding objects | Air |
Overheat the air near the ceiling | Not | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Dry the air | Not | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Burn oxygen | Not | Yes a little | Yes a little | Yes strong |
harmful to health | No (with properly selected power) | Cause air circulation with dust and microorganisms. Harmful to people with respiratory problems. | Cause air circulation with dust and microorganisms. Harmful to people with respiratory problems. | |
fire hazardous | Safe | As a rule, no. Depends on the model. | Usually not, but they can explode. | May cause fire if misused. Household models should not be left unattended. |
3. VARIETY OF INFRARED HEATERS.
On sale you can find a huge number of completely different infrared heaters. It is easy for an unprepared person to get confused in such abundance.
Separate all heaters:
3.1 The difference between infrared heaters by wavelength
Rice. 17.
1. Shortwave infrared heaters
suitable for local, temporary
or outdoor heating.
2. Medium wave IR heaters
suitable for space heating
with very high ceilings
or local heating.
3. Longwave ceiling
heaters suitable for heating
any household and industrial
premises
In section 1.3, we already mentioned that infrared heaters can be long-wave, medium-wave and short-wave.
Shortwave have a high (more than 800 degrees) temperature of the heating element and glow red. Long-wave heat up to a maximum of 300 degrees and do not glow. Medium-wave, respectively, are an intermediate option.
Shortwave heaters are carbon, quartz, halogen.
As a rule, they are installed on the floor or mounted on the wall. They emit a very strong directional flow of heat, similar to the heat from a fire or fireplace. It seems that such heaters are effective, but in fact, being next to them for a long time is uncomfortable.
Shortwave models are well suited for quick and local heating of a person in a cold room. It is very nice to warm up after a cold street around it. Also, only short-wave heaters are applicable for heating on the streets.
The flow of heat from long-wave heaters is felt much less, but they can be used for permanent and basic heating of residential premises. They create a comfortable soft heat, which evenly warms the entire room.
It is long-wave models that are recommended for main and additional heating in children's and medical institutions and domestic use. Sometimes long-wave heaters are called heaters with a closed heating element.
Medium-wave models are also called heaters with an open heating element. They are a steel tube (TEH) heated to a weak red glow, surrounded by a reflector. They are used for heating workshops, warehouses - rooms with very high ceilings or for heating rooms prone to drafts (for example, metro lobbies). The use of medium-wave models for heating residential premises is uncomfortable and is not recommended.
3.2 Varieties of IR heaters by type of installation
By type of installation, infrared heaters can be divided into the following types:
- portable floor
- wall
- ceiling
Ceiling heaters are best suited for primary or secondary space heating. The heat emitted by them evenly covers the entire area of the room. Such heating is comfortable, efficient and absolutely safe. Part of the ceiling models can be installed in the corner between the wall and the ceiling with little loss in efficiency.
Wall-mounted infrared heaters are street models and a separate class - convective infrared heaters, which will be discussed below.
Floor heaters are carbon, quartz and halogen heaters. Their efficiency is lower than that of the ceiling, but they do not require special installation, and simply plug into a regular outlet. Such heaters are recommended to be purchased to replace outdated oil heaters, as they are much more economical and more comfortable.
Rice. 18. Infrared heaters are ceiling, wall and floor.
3.3 Infrared heaters for indoors or outdoors
Rice. 19. Infrared heaters -
This is the only type of heater
which can be used outdoors.
Infrared heaters are the only type of heating devices that can be used for outdoor heating. This is possible because IR heaters act like the sun. They do not heat the air, but the surrounding objects (including a person) and create a zone of warmth and comfort within their radius of action.
But for outdoor heating, only short-wave models glowing with bright red light can be used. Heat from indoor long-wave models will practically not be felt, since it will be strongly dissipated, and their temperature is much lower.
Using outdoor heaters indoors is, in principle, possible, but not recommended. They will be very hot, bake and glow brightly.
Many outdoor models are not afraid of moisture and even allow direct contact with water flows. They are called waterproof and have the corresponding class of dust and moisture protection.
3.4 Varieties of IR heaters by type of fuel
Rice. 20. IR heaters can be powered by:
- main gas
- gas in cylinders
- water coolant (from the boiler)
- electricity
Infrared heaters can be electric, gas or water. Occasionally there are diesel and gasoline.
The most popular and frequently encountered are electric. Household models are powered by a single-phase voltage of 220 (230) V, but there are also industrial models powered by a three-phase voltage of 380 (400) V.
Gas heaters are most often used for outdoor heating. They are good because they have high power and can heat a large area. They feed on gas cylinders, which makes them completely autonomous and convenient for organizing outdoor events.
Also on sale are household home gas infrared heaters. They have high power and can quickly heat a large room. They are also powered by gas cylinders and do not require electricity.
A significant disadvantage of gas models is that they emit combustion products and therefore it is permissible to use them only in a well-ventilated area and they cannot be left unattended.
Household and outdoor gas infrared heaters are powered by a gas cylinder, which must be periodically refueled at special gas stations.
There are also industrial gas heaters. They are used in industrial premises of a very large area and height - such as factories, warehouses, hangars. Their power is measured in tens of kilowatts. They are installed on the ceiling, the main gas pipeline is connected to them. The installation is complicated and expensive, but it usually pays off in operation.
Water infrared heaters can be used to heat any premises, both domestic and industrial. They are installed on the ceiling. They are supplied with water from the central heating system or boiler.
Such devices have all the advantages of infrared heaters and at the same time can completely replace conventional wall-mounted water radiators, surpassing them in comfort. In addition, these heaters have one interesting quality. If instead of warm water from the boiler, chilled water is put into them, then such heaters will cool the air, replacing the air conditioner.
Unfortunately, the complexity of installation and high cost hinders the popularity of water infrared heaters for domestic use.
But they are popular in industrial and commercial premises. They can be found both in some OBI chain stores in Moscow and in Airbus production hangars.
Diesel and gasoline infrared heaters can be attributed rather to the exotic. They are directional, designed for outdoor use and can heat, for example, part of a building site.
4. SELECTION OF THE INFRARED HEATER.
The choice of an infrared heater is an interesting matter, but at the same time a very responsible one. Depending on how thoughtfully you approach this issue, it may depend on whether you will be satisfied with your purchase for many years or be immediately disappointed, without fully appreciating the full benefits of this technology.
4.1 First questions when choosing an infrared heater
Rice. 21. Ceiling infrared
heaters provide
comfort and savings up to 40%.
Before buying an IR heater, you should answer the following questions to yourself or a sales assistant:
It is planned to use it outdoors (in an open gazebo) or indoors.
Is it residential or non-residential. If residential, then the type of room is a bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom or corridor.
If indoors, how well is it insulated. Is it adapted for winter living or does it have constant drafts.
What are the windows in the room and what is their area or number. The windows are single, double or you have modern plastic double-glazed windows.
The geometric dimensions of the room: the area and height of the ceiling. If the room is not square, then the aspect ratio of the walls is also important.
Is it planned to use heaters in winter or only during the demi-season period. Will they be the main heating or additional.
4.2 Infrared heaters for residential premises: for summer cottages or apartments
Rice. 22. Glass ceiling
electric heaters are the most
modern and economical.
Most often, infrared heaters are used for residential premises. In addition, their popularity in domestic use is growing from year to year. Many, having tried it once, begin to recommend them to their friends and get rid of other types of heaters.
When choosing an infrared heater for your home, important parameters are:
- reliability
- noiselessness
- appearance
- price
For the home, it is recommended to use ceiling long-wave models. They are economical, comfortable and safe. It is this type of heaters that provides savings of up to 40% and comfort. In the room, at the same time, the floor and beds, tables, furniture and fresh, not overdried air are warm and dry. If there is no possibility of installation on the ceiling, then it is possible to install it on the wall on special brackets on the wall, but still near the ceiling.
Such heaters can be chosen for any interior. They are available in various colors and have different shape. There are even glass models, which are absolutely transparent glass in a silvery metal frame. This heats up the glass itself. Such electric heaters are the most economical and modern and will not spoil any, even the most sophisticated or modern interior.
Less commonly used convective infrared heaters. Their efficiency is lower, but they can serve as a barrier to cold air coming from not very high-quality windows.
Transfer "Miracle of Technology" about infrared heaters
4.3 IR heaters for non-residential premises, shops, warehouses, offices, sheds
Rice. 23. Industrial ceiling
heaters:
- with closed heater
- with open heater
- for false ceilings Armstrong
For non-residential premises, the ceiling type of infrared heaters is also most often used, only usually there are fewer requirements for appearance and noiselessness.
With ceilings of 3-4 meters, industrial models with a power of 2 kW or more are used. At higher ceilings, electric heaters with an open heating element (medium wave) can be used, which glow with a faint red color.
in offices and commercial premises Armstrong suspended ceilings are often used. Especially for such ceilings, many manufacturers produce infrared heaters of a standard size for embedding in such a ceiling.
At the same time, the heaters visually merge with the ceiling and are practically invisible.
In industrial and commercial premises, the task of local heating also often arises. For example, it is required to heat the cashier or the worker behind the machine. In this case, infrared heaters with a power of 1 kW (usually 2 kW) are usually used, which are suspended at a height of 2.5 - 3 meters above the workplace and which locally create a comfortable atmosphere at a rather cold temperature around.
4.4 Infrared heaters for animals
Rice. 24. Infrared heaters
ideal for keeping animals warm.
Infrared heaters are often used to heat rooms with animals, such as chicken coops, aviaries, pigsties, cowsheds, stables and others. Animals very well perceive such heating, because in its effect it is similar to heat from the sun. In addition, when using this type of heating, air circulation is minimal and, therefore, dust is not raised, which has a beneficial effect on animal health. As you know, in horses that are most of the time in the stable, chronic lung diseases associated with dust are very common. The use of ceiling heating can significantly reduce the amount of dust. In addition, infrared heaters evenly heat the floor and walls of the stall, which also has a beneficial effect on the health of the horse in general.
Very often, ceiling-mounted long-wave infrared heaters are installed in chicken coops. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, with infrared heating, the floor temperature in the chicken coop is higher. This is much more comfortable for the birds, because they go down to the floor in order to feed, in addition, the water in the drinker will not freeze. Secondly, dust and feathers do not get on the device installed on the ceiling. They do not start to burn and emit unpleasant odors. If feathers or hay accidentally get on the heater, it will not light up, since the temperature of the device is below the ignition temperature.
Such heaters are used in chicken coops, poultry houses, stalls, barns, pigsties and high enclosures.
Rice. 25. Good for heating booths
suitable infrared film.
If you want to add comfort for your dog and heat the booth, then ceiling-mounted infrared heaters are no longer suitable. Booths usually have a small height, and electric heaters heat up to 250 degrees. Touching them can cause burns. For heating booths, the so-called infrared film is usually used. This is a special film, which, when voltage is connected to it, heats up to 50-60 degrees. But the installation of such a film is more difficult. It must be mounted under the floor or ceiling. That is, it is necessary to mount at the construction stage of the booth. Detailed description work of infrared thermofilm read below.
4.5 Infrared heaters for greenhouses
Rice. 26. Infrared heaters
for heating a greenhouse or greenhouse.
Many summer residents are engaged in gardening. For better harvest greenhouses are often used. Greenhouses effectively use thermal energy sun, but when there is not enough sun or frost occurs, additional heating is used. IR heaters make up for the lack of infrared radiation and allow you to start doing what you love in early spring, when all the snow has not yet melted, and finish in late autumn, when autumn frosts begin.
In greenhouses, it is recommended to use long-wave models that do not glow during operation. They are not able to damage plants even at very close distances. Typically, heaters are suspended from the ceiling of the greenhouse. The number and power of devices is selected based on at least 1 kW per 10 sq.m of area.
Complete with automation (thermostat) heaters will turn on only when the temperature drops below the set value. The rest of the time they will be turned off and will not consume excess electricity.
4.6 Infrared heaters for gazebos, verandas and outdoors
Rice. 27. Infrared heaters
for the street.
Infrared heaters are the only type of heaters that can be used outdoors. Of course, it is impossible to heat the street. If you turn on such a heater in winter, the snow around will not melt, snowdrops will not grow and birds will not sing. The effect of it will be similar to the effect of the bright spring sun, when the air temperature is still cold, and you already want to throw off your outerwear. Typically, street models are used in the fall, when you want to sit outside, drink coffee, but it's cold. They are very popular among the owners of summer cafes. After all, with their help you can extend summer season and attract more visitors.
The choice of an outdoor infrared heater is, on the one hand, a difficult task, and on the other hand, simple. It makes no sense to focus on power or other technical characteristics. They usually have about the same power. In street heaters great importance has a reflective shape. Depending on the form, the effect can vary significantly. In one case, you will feel a powerful flow of heat, similar to the sun, and in the other, only a slightly perceptible warmth. Therefore, it is simply recommended for the street to choose models from manufacturers who specialize in this subject. Such manufacturers (from electric heaters) are Italian Heliosa and MO-EL and their Chinese counterparts Kvimol and Stromm, Turkish Veito.
A very useful and impressive feature of such devices is the warm-up time. They warm up literally in one second, instantly surrounding a person with a stream of heat. This feature allows you not to keep them constantly on, but to turn them on only when necessary. This can be useful, for example, in outdoor smoking cabins.
Some outdoor heaters are not afraid of moisture and even direct water ingress. That is, you can not be afraid for their performance and safety in bad weather.
Water resistance of outdoor models
4.7 What is a thermostat and why is it needed?
The thermostat, another name for the thermostat, is designed to automatically maintain the desired temperature in the room.
Some heaters have a built-in thermostat, but ceiling infrared heaters are not equipped with thermostats. This is due to two reasons.
1) The inaccessibility of such an arrangement of the thermostat.
2) Temperature measurement error. The thermostat will heat itself up from the heater.
Thus, the thermostat is a separate device that is installed on the wall, at a height of about one and a half meters. Wiring is carried out from the introductory box or socket to the thermostat, and from the thermostat to the electric heater. The thermostat measures the air temperature, if it is below the temperature set on it, the thermostat automatically turns on the heater, and if it is higher, it turns it off.
There are many different types of thermostats on the market. Among them are:
- Mechanical, having the simplest design, working due to physical properties metals or gases, and do not require additional power.
- Electronic, which are structurally made of electronic components. Such thermostats may look like mechanical ones or have a screen that displays the current and set temperature.
- Programmable. Structurally, these are also electronic thermostats, but with extended functionality. Such thermostats can automatically maintain different temperatures depending on the time of day or day of the week.
Many people ask if it is possible to connect an infrared electric heater without a thermostat. Yes, you certainly may. In this case, the connection is made directly to the mains and the heater will work continuously without turning off. But this is uncomfortable and uneconomical. The air temperature varies not only depending on the season, but also on the time of day. With the heater on all the time, it can be comfortable at 4 am when the air temperature is at its lowest, but it will be hot at 10 pm when the air has not yet cooled enough. You can, of course, manually turn the electric heater on and off, but it is better to entrust this task to automation. The simplest mechanical thermostat is quite inexpensive, but it will maintain a comfortable temperature by itself.
It should also be noted that the thermostat measures the air temperature and, therefore, it is applicable indoors for heating residential and non-residential premises or premises for animals. With outdoor heaters, the use of thermostats does not make sense; power regulators are used instead.
Rice. 28. Mechanical, electronic and programmable thermostat
5. HOW TO CHOOSE AN INFRARED HEATER FOR THE ROOM. CHOICE OF CEILING LONG-WAVE ELECTRIC HEATER.
From the above, it is clear that one of the most optimal options for heating a residential area is heating with long-wave infrared ceiling heaters. They are safe, do not glow during operation, are comfortable and economical, and are very popular among owners of country houses. After all, only such electric heaters are economical, comfortable, able to make the floor, walls, beds warm and dry, while leaving fresh air. But it is precisely for this type of heating that there is a lack of information, and even the one that is available is often written purely for advertising or anti-advertising purposes and contains a huge amount of inaccurate or even false information. So, how to choose a ceiling infrared heater? Read more…
5.1 What is a longwave ceiling IR electric heater?
Rice. 29. Ceiling device
IR heater
1. Heat radiating aluminum plate
2. TEN, heating element
3. Steel or aluminum body
4. Foil reflector
5. Heat insulator (basalt fiber)
Ceiling infrared heater consists of a heating element, a heat-radiating plate, a reflector, an insulator and a housing (Fig. 29). The heating element is most often a heating element (tubular electric heater) similar to those used in electric kettles, water heaters or classic electric stoves. The heating element heats up to a high temperature, but gives off almost all of its heat to the heat-radiating plate. The surface of the heat-radiating plate is made of a material that gives off heat well to the surrounding space.
When such a material is heated, the heat from it can be felt at a distance. This is infrared radiation. The radiant plate is usually made of anodized aluminium, sometimes the aluminum is coated with a thin layer of ceramic for even better efficiency.
For maximum efficiency of an infrared heater, the radiant plate must give off all the heat in one direction - down. But, unfortunately, some of the heat also goes up. To reduce the proportion of such heat, a reflector made of thick foil is installed inside the heater above the plate and a heater made of special basalt fiber is installed above it. All this is placed in a steel or aluminum case.
A separate type of infrared electric heaters is glass. Fundamentally, they are no different from classic metal ones. The role of the heat-radiating plate is performed by glass. Glass is very good at dissipating heat. The role of the heating element is performed by a special conductive coating on the glass. If you apply voltage to it, it heats up. The role of a heat insulator and reflector is performed by the second (top) glass with a special coating that reflects infrared rays and a layer of air between the glasses. Such an electric heater is absolutely transparent even during operation.
Video about the design of glass heaters
Common myths about the design of the ceiling infrared heater:
1) The foil material must be thick, otherwise the heater will be inefficient and the foil will burn out quickly. It is recommended to check the foil with a ballpoint pen. If you manage to pierce, then the foil is thin.
- Firstly, only models of outdated design can, in principle, see this foil.
Secondly, it is important how well the foil will reflect heat, and not its thickness, but this cannot be estimated by eye.
Thirdly, the foil cannot burn through. There are simply no such temperatures.
The only thing that can be appreciated is the appearance of the foil in those models in which it is visible. In inexpensive models with thin foil, it is usually wrinkled and does not look very attractive.
2) In some articles, it is strongly recommended to be interested in the anodizing thickness of the heat radiating plate. Allegedly, the thickness of anodizing affects both durability and efficiency.
- What really affects the thickness of anodizing is the color fastness of anodizing during long work. That is, over time, the color of the plates changes. It changes almost imperceptibly with good anodization and much more noticeably with poor one. This is especially noticeable with colored plates. They may bloom. Unfortunately, the thickness of the anodizing is completely impossible to determine visually. In addition, the anodizing thickness may vary from batch to batch of heaters from the same manufacturer.
5.2 Economy of ceiling infrared heaters
Rice. 30. Ceiling electric heaters
more economical up to 40%
other electric heaters
The efficiency of ceiling heaters is due to the principle of their work. They don't heat the air. The convective component is minimal. Almost all the heat in the form of infrared rays from a heater placed on the ceiling falls on the floor, on the surrounding objects (furniture, tables, beds, people) and partly on the walls.
The floor heats up by about 1-2 degrees above the air temperature and begins to release heat into the air. The air heats up, the floor temperature again begins to exceed the air temperature, and the process is repeated until the thermostat switches off the electric heaters or the equilibrium temperature between the heater power and the heat loss of the room is established.
Since the air is heated from the floor, the air near the ceiling will not be overheated. It may even be cooler than the air near the floor. This air distribution is very comfortable for a person and does not waste energy on unnecessary heating of air near the ceiling.
Convective (oil) electric heaters heat the air, not objects. Heated air accumulates near the ceiling. The air temperature near the ceiling is significantly higher than the air temperature near the floor. Such a distribution of temperatures is uncomfortable for a person. In addition, to get a comfortable temperature near the floor, you have to significantly overheat the air near the ceiling, spending a large amount of electricity on this. But that's not all. The greater the difference in air temperature between the street and the room, the higher the heat loss. That is, the heat of the air superheated near the ceiling intensively leaves to the street, without bringing any benefit, but only wasting electricity.
Ceiling infrared heaters do not have these disadvantages and that is why they are up to 30-40% more economical than convective ones.
An additional savings factor is related to the subjective perception of temperature. We all noticed that sometimes the thermometer shows a cold temperature outside, but the sun is shining, there is no wind, and it seems that it is warm. Or, on the contrary, the thermometer shows a comfortable temperature, but it is gloomy and damp. We think it's cold. That is, the subjective temperature differs from the objective one.
The heat from infrared heaters, which falls directly on us, increases the subjective perception of temperature by 1-2 degrees. That is, if for us a comfortable room temperature is 23 degrees, then when using infrared heaters, you can safely set 21-22 degrees on the thermostat while maintaining the comfort level.
5.3 Efficiency of ceiling-mounted infrared electric heaters depending on the emitter material
On sale you can find ceiling infrared heaters with different materials of the heat-radiating surface. As a rule, this is:
- anodized aluminum
- ceramic coating
- glass.
The most common material is anodized aluminium. It is quite cheap, it can be used to make a plate of almost any shape and size, and it radiates heat well.
Rice. 31. Efficiency of electric heaters
depends on the material
heat radiating plate
If a ceramic coating is applied to an aluminum plate, the thermal emissivity will change and the efficiency will increase. The same coating is used in the manufacture of dishes, but in the case of IR heaters, it gives such an unexpected effect.
Glass is even better at dissipating heat than ceramic. Therefore, glass models, as a rule, have the highest efficiency among all IR electric heaters.
The difference in efficiency between models with different plate materials is about 5%. The difference is not so great as to be of decisive importance. For demi-season use, models with conventional aluminum plates are optimal. If infrared heating in your house is the main or the only one, then it makes sense to pay extra and buy a more efficient heater. After 1-2 seasons, the difference in cost will pay off and you will save. Glass models are also often purchased for looks rather than economy.
In fact, the effectiveness of ceiling heaters depends not only on the material of the radiant plate, but also on the quality of the heat reflector and insulation above the plate, and this, in turn, depends on the manufacturer.
5.4 Varieties of electric heaters depending on the form. Which form is better
Ceiling infrared heaters can have a flat or convex radiant plate. It is generally accepted that a convex plate allows heating within a larger angle. That is, it allows you to cover or heat a large area. Some manufacturers are even so carried away that in advertising they claim that models with flat plates heat only directly directly below them.
Let's look into this issue.
First, you need to understand that the radiation angle is in no way related to the heating area. The heating area is primarily related to the power and, to a very small extent, to the efficiency of the heater. For example, for heating in winter 10 sq.m. you need a heater with a power of 1 kW, regardless of its shape. Secondly, there are no heaters that would heat only directly under them. It is even basically impossible to do.
Many sources indicate that flat models are heated within an angle of 90 degrees, and convex ones within 120 degrees (see Fig.). In fact, this is not entirely true, but even taking into account such figures and armed with trigonometry formulas, we get that a flat heater, when installed in the middle of a standard ceiling 2.5 meters high, is capable of heating at a distance of 2.5 meters in all directions, not counting its length himself. It turns out a room with an area of 25 meters. This is a fairly large room, which will require 2 heaters to heat. And, therefore, the heating area will become even larger and will cover the walls.
Rice. 32. Heater radiation angle can
depend on the shape of the plate
If we take a model with an angle of 120 degrees, then it will cover an area of more than 4 meters to the left and right of the vertical axis of the heater and 2.5 meters in 2 other directions. That is about 40 sq. m. This is even more than necessary. It turns out that the confrontation between flat and convex models is not about which of them will heat a large floor area, but which of them will capture the walls more. And wall heating is less efficient than floor heating. So it's mostly a marketing ploy.
In fact, the difference in coverage area between flat and convex heaters is not that big and may not exist at all. The coverage area depends not only on the shape of the plate itself, but also on its material and ribbing. The radiation angle of a ribbed plate will be greater than that of a flat one. And for a completely flat glass, the angle turns out to be at least 120 degrees, that is, the same as it is stated for a convex aluminum plate.
And there is one more moment completely confusing. Usually the thickness of the convex models is greater than the flat ones. The greater the thickness of the infrared heater, the greater the convective component and the lower the efficiency.
How to be and what to choose an infrared heater, flat or convex? When choosing, we advise you to pay attention to the shape of the heat-radiating plate as a last resort. There are many other, much more important criteria. If this is very important for you, then we advise you to come to the store, ask to turn on various models and try to evaluate the angle by feeling or trust the opinion of consultants.
The first channel about infrared heaters
5.5 Varieties of electric heaters depending on the surface temperature
Rice. 33. IR surface temperature
heaters can be
from 50 to 300 degrees.
However, this temperature
much lower temperature
spontaneous combustion of paper.
Ceiling long-wave heaters can be conditionally divided into 3 categories according to the degree of heating. Conditionally, because this is not a rule, but rather an established state of affairs.
The hottest ones are metal and ceramic coated. Their temperature is 250 - 300 degrees.
Glass ones are a little colder and heat up to about 200 degrees.
In both cases, we are talking about the temperature of the working surface directed to the floor. The upper surface directed to the ceiling heats up to 60 - 80 degrees, in some models up to 105 - 110 degrees.
The coldest are most models designed for installation in suspended ceilings such as Armstrong. They heat up to 60-80 degrees.
It should be noted that all these temperatures are safe, since, for example, the auto-ignition temperature of paper exceeds 400 degrees, and wood catches fire when heated to even higher temperatures.
But you should be careful with some cheap plastic-based ceiling materials. They may warp or change color. A similar situation with suspended ceilings. There are inexpensive stretch ceilings that can be damaged by heat, and there are more stable ones. You should ask the seller or manufacturer of the stretch ceiling about this. If it is designed for embedding or installation in the immediate vicinity of hot halogen bulbs, then it is also suitable for heaters.
5.6 Selection of an infrared electric heater depending on the parameters of the room (area, insulation, ceiling height)
This section is one of the most important. In it we will tell you how to choose an infrared heater for your room. Depending on the correct selection, you can either be completely delighted with this type of heating and use it for many years or be disappointed in the purchase.
In order to heat any room, heaters of such power should be placed in it so that this power exceeds the heat loss of the room. According to the rules, you should first calculate the heat loss of the room, and they depend on the type and thickness of the walls, on the floor and ceiling, on the area and thermal insulation of the glazing, as well as on the climatic zone and street temperature.
If you know what your room is made of, then in reference books and tables you can find the relevant data, calculate everything, find out the heat loss of the room and select the power of the heaters.
But this is a rather complicated process and, often, completely redundant. For standard dwellings, the calculation can be carried out on the basis of empirically accumulated experience in space heating.
Rice. 34. IR heater selection
depending on area.
So let's start with some ideal conditions.
There is a house adapted for winter living and located in the central part of Russia. The house was built according to building codes and regulations (SNIP), has no freezing points, indoor condensation or drafts. Usually this is a high-quality log house, brick with thick walls or frame with a heater thickness of at least 10 cm. High-quality glazing, at least double (single glazing) of a regular area, not panoramic. Ceiling height 2.5-2.7 meters.
To heat such a house in winter, you should choose heaters at the rate of 1 kW per 10 sq.m.
For high ceilings, increase the power to about 1.3 kW.
With panoramic glazing, at least 1.5 kW per 10 sq.m. is required.
If you do not have a very warm house, then lay a one-and-a-half-two-fold supply. Here no one will give you exact advice, since no one knows your house better than you. You can buy heaters without a power reserve, but with the expectation of buying more if it gets cold.
If you have single glazing, then it is impossible to heat such a house in winter with high quality, or a very large supply of power is required.
If you plan to heat your premises only in spring and autumn, but at the same time the premises are of high quality and, in principle, could be used in winter, then the power can be reduced by 2 times. That is, 1 kW can heat up to 20 sq.m.
If you have a summer house, but without drafts and with double glazing, then count 1 kW up to 15 meters.
If you have single glazing, then consider 1 kW for an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 10 sq.m. But it will be cheaper to replace the windows.
With a large glass area or high ceilings, the power increases proportionally.
If you need to heat an apartment during the demi-season period or in winter if there is central heating, which is not enough, then the heaters should be selected at the rate of 1 kW per 15-20 sq.m.
If you want to heat an insulated balcony with high-quality double-glazed windows, then you should select at the rate of 1 kW per 5-7 sq.m.
If you are in the southern regions, then you can reduce the power by 1.5-2 times. If in the northern regions, then increase by 1.5 - 2 times.
In general, this is the whole brief guide to calculating the power for heating residential and habitable premises.
But the choice is not limited to the calculation of power alone. Ceiling infrared heaters have such a parameter as a minimum installation height. This parameter is due to the fact that if a powerful heater is set too low, it will burn almost like the sun and cause discomfort.
That is, if the area of your room, for example, is 12 meters and the ceiling height is 2.3 meters, then you cannot install one heater with a power of 1.2 (or 1.3 - standard power) kW. You should install 2 x 600W units.
And even with high ceilings, you may need to install 2 or more heaters, since the maximum power of domestic models is limited to 1.5 kW. The minimum installation height is usually specified in technical specifications. Sometimes these rules can be slightly deviated, taking into account the fact that the heater will be installed in a place where people will not be directly under it for a long time.
Another person, reading what is written, will be surprised. What is the savings here if the room is only 10 square meters. m requires a kilowatt heater. It will consume 1 kWh in 1 hour. 24 kWh per day and 720 kWh per month. So you can go broke!
In fact, not quite so. Together with ceiling heaters, a thermostat should be installed on the wall. The thermostat will measure the air temperature, and when the set temperature is reached, it will turn off the heaters, and turn it on when the temperature drops. (details on temperature controllers are described in section 4.7).
Thus, the heaters will only work part of the time. The colder it is outside, the more often they will turn on and consume more, but the warmer, the less often they will turn on and consume less.
Thanks to the thermostat, you can install electric heaters with a large margin of power and not worry about high power consumption. They will consume the same, only the more powerful one will turn on for a very short time, and the low-power ones will turn on for a longer time. This produces an interesting effect. Electricity consumption per month will not depend on the total power, but on the quality of the insulation of the house. Insulate the house better, and you will immediately feel the result on the electric meter.
5.7 Where exactly to install the ceiling infrared electric heater and where to install the thermostat
Rice. 35. Location examples
ceiling IR heaters.
As the name suggests, ceiling mounted heaters are installed on the ceiling. The standard mount is designed in such a way that the heaters are directed downwards and this is the most optimal installation.
If one heater is installed in the room, then the best option would be to install it exactly in the middle of the room. Thus, the heat emanating from it will cover the maximum floor area.
Usually a chandelier is already hanging in the middle. In this case, the heater should be moved from the center to the side where a higher temperature is important.
If 2 or more heaters are to be installed, they are installed so that they both cover the maximum floor area (see fig. 35). Can be installed above a table or bed. But if the ceilings are low and the power is high, then when installed above the bed, you should move it towards the legs. Otherwise, the effect of baking will be noticeable, as on a sunny day.
Rice. 36. Location example
thermostat.
It makes no sense to install ceiling heaters above a window or above a door.. IR heaters are not a thermal curtain and therefore cannot block the flow of cold air. And glass, moreover, transmits infrared rays well, and part of the heat will go outside. An exception is the wall installation of ceiling IR heaters. Some manufacturers supply special wall brackets for this. In this case, the electric heater is mounted on the wall and is directed at an angle of 45 degrees to the floor. Thus, the radiated heat covers the sector in the center of the room. But we must understand that the efficiency of the device with such an installation falls.
It is not allowed to install ceiling IR heaters at the bottom of the wall, under the window or at the level of a person. Firstly, it is inefficient, and secondly, they heat up to temperatures above 200 degrees and you can get burned. Vertical installation is also not allowed (unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer). This can lead to local overheating and damage to the device case.
As already described in section 4.7, the thermostat is a very important component of infrared heating. The thermostat significantly increases comfort and saves energy. Being an independent device, the thermostat is installed separately from the heater, on the wall. As a rule, thermostats for infrared heaters have a built-in temperature sensor, so the thermostat should be installed in a place where it is important to maintain the desired temperature, on a wall not about one and a half meters high, away from drafts and direct sunlight.
5.8 Selecting the manufacturer of the electric ceiling heater
Choosing a manufacturer of a ceiling heater is as difficult as choosing a manufacturer of any other equipment. But in our case, the task is somewhat more complicated by the fact that most manufacturers are little known. We describe the main trends and advantages of a number of manufacturers as of 2016.
Globally, all manufacturers can be divided into European, Russian and Chinese.
Initially, household ceiling infrared heaters began to be produced in Europe, in particular by Scandinavian companies such as Frico, Nobo and others. In the Soviet Union at that time, only industrial models for factories and warehouses were produced.
Later in Russia, a number of companies established the production of domestic analogues. Ecoline heaters were the first domestic ceiling IR electric heaters. The design, which was based on European models, turned out to be successful and was repeatedly repeated by many other manufacturers, some of which organized production in China.
Heaters of this design with minimal modifications can be seen from Russian manufacturers such as Icoline, Bilux, Mister Hit and others. At the moment, this design has an outdated appearance and is often prone to cracking during operation, but it is usually reliable, durable and inexpensive.
Heaters PION
Also, the production of ceiling heaters was established by the Izhevsk plant of thermal equipment. The plant focuses on contract manufacturing, that is, it practically does not sell products under its own name, but puts on it the logo and the name of large wholesale buyers.
There are a huge number of pseudo-manufacturers of electric heaters of this type. Here are just a few of them: Ballu, Timberk, Bilux, Zilon, Neoclima and others. These models look good and are quite reliable, but they can also make a crack when working.
Heaters Almak
The first Russian manufacturer who introduced a number of innovative implementations and began to produce several lines of modern and beautiful electric heaters was PION (New Generation Ceiling Infrared Heater). The range of this manufacturer includes models with a convex body, which, as stated, increases the angle of radiation, with a ceramic coating that increases the efficiency of the heater, with a no-heater silent design, and a special line of transparent glass heaters PION Thermoglas. The Scandinavian NOBO has similar glass models, but at a price 10-15 times higher. PION received European certificates and has been successfully supplying its products for several years to a number of European countries. It is especially popular in the Czech Republic. This contributes high quality, very low price by European standards and modern appearance.
You can also highlight the manufacturer Almak. Almak heaters are inexpensive, but at the same time they are quite high quality and accurately made, they have a very thin body. There are 5 colors to choose from: white, beige, gold, silver and wenge (brown). This is a record number of flowers. Following PION, Almak also received a European certificate and began supplying products to the European market.
Summing up, we can say that Russian manufacturers currently offer the largest range of high-quality ceiling IR heaters. All leading domestic manufacturers provide a guarantee of 3-5 years and declare a service life of 25 years. Buying European models is not particularly advisable, since European manufacturers offer a much smaller assortment with comparable quality and a much higher price.
5.9 Pros and cons of electric heaters made in China
Of course, the days when everything Chinese was of poor quality are long gone. Now in China, very high-quality goods, including premium ones, can be made, but also the cheapest low-quality goods continue to be made. Chinese brands are practically not represented on the Russian market of infrared heaters, but some Russian brands, in order to save money, order production in China at the lowest price.
What's wrong with this heater?
Aluminum is now expensive, so first of all, there is savings on it. The heat-radiating plate is made very thin, which leads to its strong deformation when heated.
Unreliable heating elements are used, which can simply burn out, or they can deform and melt the aluminum plate before burning out. The radiant plate may be poorly anodized and change color over time. For thermal insulation, not basalt fiber can be used, but the cheapest fiberglass, which can cause an allergic reaction. How not to fall for such a heater? The recipe is pretty simple:
- Do not chase the minimum prices.
- Should be purchased from a reputable manufacturer of ceiling mounted infrared heaters.
- Pay attention to the warranty. A low-quality heater, in which the heat-radiating plate is deformed in a couple of months, and which in six months will fail altogether, will not be given a 3-year warranty.
5.10 Problems and disadvantages of ceiling long-wave electric heaters
All products have some flaws. And ceiling infrared heaters are no exception. Here is a list of these shortcomings, as well as problems that some buyers face:
- Not every room can be heated with a ceiling heater.
Infrared heaters heat objects, not air. If you hang such a heater over a cold, uninsulated floor, then it may not raise the air temperature at all. The most common example is a basement or garage with a cold concrete floor. In order for the temperature in such a room to rise with such heating, the concrete must first warm up, which cannot warm up, since it lies on the ground. And to warm the earth there is not enough power of any heaters. If, when pouring the floor, lay a heat-insulating layer or, even better, lay a wooden floor on the concrete, then the infrared heater will cope with this task.
- Ceiling infrared heater does not interfere with the flow of cold air.
We are used to the fact that heating radiators are located under the windows. This is done so that the flow rising from the radiator warm air blocking the flow of cold air from the window. It is useless to place an IR heater near a window. It will not block the flow of cold air.
- Glass is transparent to infrared heat.
When the sun shines outside the window, we feel how its warmth enters the room. This is infrared heat from the sun that is transferred into the room without the participation of air. Similarly, an IR heater installed near a window will give off part of the heat to the street. Ordinary window glass for infrared rays is not an obstacle. It is necessary to use either glasses with a strong infrared filter (as in the glasses of skyscrapers), but it is better to hang heaters closer to the middle of the room and away from the window.
- Infrared heaters burn the head and are not suitable for very low ceilings.
If it is located under a powerful heater installed on a low ceiling, then you can feel the heat similar to the sun. Some like it, some don't. Most people like it at first, but start to feel uncomfortable after a few hours. To reduce this effect to a negligible level, one should not neglect the recommendation for the installation height of the device and understand that several less powerful heaters will always create more comfort than one powerful one. But if the height of the room is less than 2 meters, then the ceiling heaters can be accidentally touched and burned. In this case, it is recommended to install them on special brackets on the wall near the ceiling, so that it is difficult to accidentally touch them or consider another type of heating device.
- Ceiling infrared heaters may crackle during operation.
In fact, not only IR heaters can make sounds during operation. Some convectors also crackle, oil electric heaters gurgle, fan heaters make noise. Cracking is due to the fact that when heated, different materials expand in different ways. If steel and aluminum are in contact with each other, then when heated and cooled, they will move relative to each other and may crack. Nothing wrong with that. Some even like it, reminiscent of the crackling of firewood in the fireplace, but many do not like it. If this is important for you, then you should purchase modern models, such as PION or Almak, in which a number of measures have been taken to eliminate this effect. Such crackle models are either absent altogether, or disappear after a few days of operation. In principle, there is no cracking in the glass models PION Thermoglass, since they do not have contact of different metals.
5.11 Safety of longwave electric ceiling heaters (fire and health)
Rice. 37. Infrared heater
on human impact
looks like a wood burning stove.
The issue of security has already been described in several previous sections, but since it concerns all buyers to one degree or another, we will repeat the main points.
A long-wave heater is a type of infrared heater that does not glow during operation and is usually installed on the ceiling. Under the “terrible” name “Long-wave infrared radiation”, in fact, ordinary heat is hidden, which comes from any object heated above air temperature. That is, even you and I are long-wave IR heaters and emitters. The closest “relatives” of ceiling infrared heaters are a heated frying pan, an iron and even a Russian stove. The only difference is that the infrared heater effectively gives off heat mainly in only one direction - towards the floor. That is, infrared radiation is not microwave, not X-ray, not radiation, but ordinary safe heat.
The second point is fire safety. The working surface of ceiling infrared electric heaters can be heated up to 300 degrees, and the body up to 100. For example, the autoignition temperature of paper exceeds 400 degrees. That is, such a device is not capable of igniting anything. But for even greater security, it is not installed close to the ceiling, but on chains or brackets at a distance of at least 5 cm from the ceiling. That is, the ceiling infrared heater is the most fireproof type of electric heaters.
5.12 Conclusions. Which ceiling heater to choose
As we found out, long-wave ceiling infrared heaters have a number of important undeniable advantages. They are economical, silent, comfortable, reliable, do not dry the air, do not burn oxygen. They can heat any area, they can be left unattended, they are designed for many years of work.
Choosing an infrared heater, of course, is not very easy. You need to know the parameters of your room well, understand the basic principles of the operation of an infrared heater in order to install it correctly. The installation itself, as a rule, requires the installation of electrical wiring and connection to the mains. But if you plan to use the purchase for more than one year, then the benefits outweigh all the difficulties.
It remains only to choose the desired model. We advise you to stay on domestic models. As described in Section 5.8, a number of domestic manufacturers have achieved high level quality at a completely Russian price. In addition, leading Russian manufacturers give a guarantee of 3-5 years and provide a service life of at least 25 years.
And do not forget about the thermostat, which helps to maintain the set temperature and save energy.
6. THERMAL FILM. INFRARED FILM.
6.1 Thermal film as a kind of ceiling infrared heaters
Rice. 38. Thermal film can
to be installed on the ceiling
Thermal film, also known as infrared film or infrared heat-insulated floor, is gaining more and more popularity every year. Physically, such a film is a thin, less than a millimeter thick film, inside of which there is a conductive layer. When voltage is applied, this layer heats up to about 50-70 degrees.
Most often, such a film is used to create a warm floor. It can simply be laid on the floor under linoleum or laminate (but not under the carpet). Some manufacturers position part of the film they produce for floor use, and part for ceiling use. But the difference between these films is minimal, and may even be absent. Most often, the ceiling film has a higher power density - about 220 W / kV.m, while the floor film usually has a power density of 150 W / kV. m or less.
The film is installed on the ceiling at the construction stage. A foil heat insulator (for example, isofol) is fixed on the draft ceiling, an infrared film is fixed on it, connected to the thermostat and the mains, and covered with ceiling material (lining, plywood, stretch or suspended ceiling).
The thermal film heats the material of the ceiling, which, like electric ceiling heaters, heats the floor. Thus, a heating system is obtained, which is completely invisible in the interior.
6.2 Pros and cons compared to classic ceiling heaters
Rice. 39. Installation of thermal film
on the ceiling
Heating with infrared film is a good option. We get infrared heating with all its advantages. That is, an infrared film installed on the ceiling does not dry the air, does not burn oxygen, warms up and dries the floor, beds and all objects on the floor. At the same time, even the low temperature of the thermofilm does not cause the effect of baking.
But there are also disadvantages.
Infrared film is installed under a decorative coating, on which part of the heat is lost. That is, the efficiency of such a system is lower than that of ceiling infrared heaters.
The second significant disadvantage is that the film must be installed only at the construction stage. Remodeling the ceiling in a finished house is quite problematic.
And the third disadvantage is reliability. Despite the fact that most manufacturers give a guarantee for the film of 15-25 years or even a lifetime, the system as a whole has a potentially unreliable element - this is the fastening of the wire to the film. If this mount stops contacting somewhere, then you will have to disassemble the ceiling.
7. SHORT-WAVE ELECTRIC HEATERS.
7.1 Selecting a shortwave floor infrared electric space heater
Shortwave electric floor heaters are a type of infrared heaters with a high temperature heating element that heats up red hot. As a rule, such heaters are floor-mounted, do not require installation (they simply plug into a socket), glow red during operation and are a good replacement for outdated oil heaters or noisy fan heaters.
Floor infrared heaters also do not heat the air, but the surrounding objects. But due to the fact that their coverage is much less than that of ceiling models, then the efficiency is lower. In addition, they heat the opposite walls to a large extent, and not the floor, introducing a convective component.
From such devices comes a very powerful heat flux, similar to the effect of a fireplace. Warm up around them. Floor IR electric heaters are a good option if you plan to use them occasionally and there is no desire to install ceiling models. Let's take a look at these names. The heating element of such devices is a tube, inside of which there is a heating coil. The spiral can be made of nichrome metal, fechral, tungsten and similar alloys, as well as carbonaceous material - carbon. In this case, the electric heater is called carbon. A tube can also be made from carbon fiber. In this case, the heater can also be considered carbon. If the tube is made of quartz glass, then the heater is called quartz. If the inside of the tube is filled with an inert gas halogen, then it is called halogen.
From the point of view of consumer qualities, these differences are practically not noticeable and insignificant. The power of the heater and the warm-up time are much more important. It can be literally from one second to a couple of minutes for this type of heaters.
Recently, wall-mounted heaters, which are also called quartz, have appeared on sale; they are a rectangular panel of light shades fixed on the wall. The panel material contains quartz sand, hence the name. This type of electric heaters can be attributed to convective-infrared, which will be discussed below.
Rice. 40. Carbon, halogen and quartz electric heater.
7.3 Pros and cons of using shortwave infrared electric heaters indoors
Above, we found out that most often the most optimal heaters are ceiling-mounted infrared models, but if they don’t suit you for any reason, then floor models can also be considered.
Pros:
- No installation required. Simply plug it into an outlet.
- Can be moved from room to room and installed in any convenient place.
- They warm up very quickly and you can warm yourself around them like by the fireplace.
Minuses:
- Less economical than ceiling
- take up space on the floor
- Glowing red
- Cannot be left unattended
7.4 Safety of shortwave electric heaters (fire and health)
The heating elements of short-wave underfloor heaters heat up to fairly high temperatures. If a flammable object gets on them, it will catch fire. To prevent this from happening, they are equipped with protective grilles and, as a rule, a fall-off system, but, nevertheless, it is not recommended to leave short-wave heaters unattended and, moreover, cover them with foreign objects.
As for safety for health, in general, infrared heaters are safe, but it is short-wave heaters that can dry out the skin with prolonged use.
8. CONVECTIVE-INFRARED HEATERS.
8.1 Wall convective infrared heaters
Rice. 41. Convective infrared
heaters
It happens that the ceiling installation of heaters is unacceptable, but this requires a reliable, safe, stationary heating system. Most often, in this case, wall convectors are installed. Their disadvantages are known. They heat only the air that accumulates near the ceiling. To get a comfortable temperature near the floor, you need to spend a lot of extra electricity. In addition, they dry out the air and raise dust.
But there are also convective-infrared heaters that are installed on the wall and are very similar to conventional convectors. The only difference is that not only do they heat the air, but they are also a source of infrared heat coming from the front panel, which heats up to temperatures higher than the air temperature. Soviet cast-iron batteries worked on a similar principle. They heated not only the air, but also a significant stream of infrared rays emanated from them. Such electric heaters heat the surrounding objects and it is pleasant to be near them. The higher their surface temperature, the higher the infrared component. For some models, both the air and the front panel are heated by one heating element, for some by separate ones.
8.2 Advantages and disadvantages of wall-mounted convective infrared heaters compared to ceiling-mounted infrared heaters and convectors
Rice. 42. Working principle
convective infrared
heater
compared to convectors.
Pros:
- Heat surrounding objects
Minuses:
- The surface of some models can be heated up to 90 degrees. A light touch is safe, a long touch can cause burns.
Compared to ceiling mounted electric heaters.
Pros:
- Can be installed under windows and prevent the flow of cold air.
Minuses:
- Less efficient
- Cause air circulation with dust.
8.3 Warm windows Thermoglas
The manufacturer of infrared heaters PION did not limit itself to the production of glass ceiling heaters, but also launched the production of warm double-glazed windows designed for installation in modern plastic or wooden frames.
A double-glazed window is a double or triple glass, in which the front glass heats up to temperatures up to 90 degrees, and the rear (street) effectively cuts off heat. The heat loss of such windows does not exceed the heat loss of conventional windows, which is confirmed by tests and certificates.
The uniqueness and attractiveness of such heating lies in the fact that the coldest place in the house becomes the warmest. In the presence of large glazing, such windows can be used as the main heating. Such a system is very convenient for panoramic glazing, since complex installation of heaters in the floor is not required and the heating system is completely invisible.
Rice. 43. Baseboard heater
Baseboard heaters have been around for a long time. Previously, they could be found in some industrial facilities and in electric trains. This is a very low heater that is installed at the junction of the wall and floor on site or in close proximity to the baseboard. Hence their name.
At first glance, such heaters are ordinary convectors, because they heat the air, but this is not entirely true. Due to their very low height, they do not create a strong flow of warm air. The air rises at a very low speed and, due to the Coanda effect, “sticks” to the wall and rises strictly along it.
The air gives off almost all of its heat to the wall, which heats up and becomes a source of infrared rays. That is why such heaters can also be classified as infrared.
In this case, the air temperature at the floor will be higher than at the ceiling. This is the most comfortable temperature distribution for a person, which is achieved only when using plinth heaters, ceiling, and underfloor heating.
The main disadvantage of baseboard heaters is the long warming up of the room. Heat will hardly be felt by a person until the wall is thoroughly warmed up. The main advantage compared to ceiling models is that skirting boards can be installed under windows and they will cut off cold air. They can also be installed near low-quality, freezing walls and significantly increase comfort in such rooms.
Skirting heaters Megador
9. INDUSTRIAL INFRARED HEATERS.
Industrial premises have high ceiling heights and usually use large capacity heaters. Actually, this is their main difference. Also, as a rule, industrial models have fewer requirements for appearance and cod during operation. Industrial infrared heaters can heat rooms of any size, ranging from a small warehouse or car wash to aviation or space aviation premises, where, due to the huge size of the premises, there is practically no alternative to ceiling-mounted IR heaters.
9.1 Varieties of industrial infrared heaters and their application
In industrial premises, one or three-phase long-wave infrared heaters can be used. Structurally, they practically do not differ from household ones.
If the ceilings are very high (above 8 meters), then medium-wave ceiling heaters with an open heating element can be used. This type of heater is also used in case of constant drafts, for example, they can be used in car washes.
Also in industrial premises of a large area with high ceilings, gas ceiling IR heaters are often used. In the presence of the main gas pipeline, they are very economical. Gas burners installed inside the device heat a special material that gives off infrared heat well.
In the presence of a boiler room, water ceiling infrared heaters are often used. Structurally, they are very similar to electric ones. They also have a radiant plate at the bottom and a heat insulator at the top. Only water is used instead of an electric heating element. Ceiling water heaters are increasingly being installed in offices and even residential areas, but so far this is expensive and difficult. Perhaps in a few years they will become as popular in domestic use as electric ones have become.
Rice. 44. Long-wave and short-wave electric, gas short-wave and water long-wave industrial infrared heaters.
Rice. 45. Local heating A fairly common situation is when in a large workshop or other room there is some kind of heating, but insufficient and only local areas need to be heated, for example, workers at machine tools or cashiers at the cash desks. Ceiling IR electric heaters can cope with such a task. Directly above the desired area, a heater with a power of at least 1 kW should be installed at a height of no more than 2.5 meters. It is possible and even better to use higher power. In this case, you can hang the heater higher and increase the coverage area.
industrial IR heaters.
10. GAS AND DIESEL PORTABLE INFRARED HEATERS.
There is another type of infrared heaters. These are portable heaters that are powered by a gas cylinder or built-in fuel tank.
10.1 Varieties gas heaters and their application.
Rice. 46. Outdoor gas heaters.
Gas infrared heaters are quite common. Most often they are used outdoors for local heating of a picnic area or an open veranda. Such heaters are capable of heating the space around them with a radius of up to 5-7 meters. There are also gas models for indoor use. Their power is about 5-7 kW and they can quickly and cheaply heat a fairly large room. We recommend using such heaters only in case of emergency and only with a hood. Do not leave them unattended or overnight. The fact is that during their work, products of gas combustion are released, which remain indoors and can cause suffocation and even death.
10.3 Advantages and disadvantages of portable gas heaters
An alternative to portable gas heaters are street electric models, so we will compare them with them.
Advantages of gas heaters:
- High power for heating large areas
- The theoretical cheapness of gas.
Minuses:
- Complexity and high cost of operation. While gas is inexpensive in theory, keeping gas heaters running requires keeping a supply of filled gas cylinders and constantly traveling to the gas station to refill empty cylinders. All this complicates operation and increases overhead costs.
- Gas is much more dangerous than electricity.
The main problem with underfloor heating as the main heating is that we are forced to limit the temperature of the floor. After all, no one wants to walk on the floor like on hot coals. By limiting the temperature, we limit the average power, and it may not be enough to heat the room. Therefore, such heating is used only in modern houses, made in accordance with the latest thermal insulation standards.
11.2 What does it mean that the warm floor is infrared and is there another
Rice. 49. Thermal film under the laminate.
Most often, only a film warm floor is called an infrared floor, but in fact it is not.
As it was written above, an infrared emitter is any object heated to a temperature exceeding the air temperature. That is, any warm floor is infrared.
Only in the case of underfloor heating, unlike wall or ceiling heaters, infrared heat is directed from the bottom up and coincides with the direction of movement of warm air. And clarifying whether the warm floor is infrared or not does not make sense.
11.3 Pros and cons of underfloor heating compared to other types of infrared heaters.
When heated with a warm floor, an optimal temperature distribution is created, as with the use of ceiling infrared heaters or baseboards. But as mentioned above, not in every room a warm floor will be able to cope with the heating of the room.
Advantages of underfloor heating as the main heating:
- Optimal air temperature distribution
- Does not take up space, is not noticeable in the interior
Minuses:
- Can only be used as primary heating in very well insulated houses.
- High cost compared to ceiling heaters.
- Complex maintainability. In the event of a breakdown, you will need to open the floor.
12. CONCLUSION. POPULARITY OF INFRARED HEATERS.
So, we found out that infrared radiation surrounds us daily and constantly, and infrared heaters have a diverse appearance and completely different applications. Household infrared heaters are beginning to gain great popularity. IR heaters for summer cottages are extremely popular. Many summer residents have tried oil heaters or fan heaters and have been very frustrated by the stuffiness, headaches, and energy bills when using them.
The owners of infrared heaters can tell you that it is absolutely realistic to combine a comfortable temperature and fresh air, that in the spring, at the beginning of the summer season, you can go to bed not in a damp and cold bed after winter, but in a dry and warm one, and what kind of electricity you will need pay 30-40% less than when using other heaters. Also, summer residents deservedly appreciated the possibility of using infrared heaters on the street. After all, how pleasant it is to eat barbecue in a warm outdoor gazebo in the evening.
But the use of infrared heaters, of course, is not limited to one cottage. They can be used both in an apartment and in an office, in a store and in a warehouse, in a gym and not in a stadium, in a factory and in a huge hangar.
This widespread use is understandable. After all, the principle of operation of such heaters is peeped from nature itself. They are like the Sun, warming the Earth and giving life to all life on Earth.
As in nature there is nothing more effective than the sun, so on Earth it is unlikely that more efficient heating will be invented than infrared.
A brief overview of Pion infrared heaters, in which you will find out the answers to basic questions about infrared heaters. What area will be heated by such a heater? How to calculate infrared heaters correctly? How to choose infrared heaters?
If you don’t know what Pion infrared heaters are in general, check out.
To answer our questions, you need to know the main thing that infrared heaters are divided into household, industrial and outdoor types. Based on this knowledge, it is already possible to choose heaters taking into account their features.
Household infrared heaters Pion
Designed for heating residential premises - apartments, houses, etc.
Models of Pion household infrared heaters differ in heater power.
400 watt heaters
The most low-power household infrared heater. A 400 W heater is usually used in small rooms, such as a utility room, a dressing room, a toilet, a small corridor, a storage room, etc. In winter, such a heater is able to heat 2 square meters as the main heating, in spring - autumn, or in winter to help with existing heating, it can heat 4 square meters.
Heaters can be installed on the ceiling or on the wall.
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 400 W:
600 watt heaters
Heaters with a power of 600 watts are also used in small rooms. These can be small rooms, a bedroom, a corridor, a bathroom, a toilet, a pantry, etc. For heating in spring - autumn or winter, in addition to the existing heating, 600 watt heaters are installed at the rate of 1 heater per 12 square meters, and for heating in winter as the main heating in an insulated house - 1 heater per 6 square meters. meters. The differences between the Pion Lux and Pion Ceramic heater models are explained at.
The heaters can be installed on the wall, ceiling or on the floor, depending on the model.
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 600 watts:
700 watt heaters
Heaters with a capacity of 700 watts in winter as the main heating can heat up to 7 square meters, and in spring-autumn, in winter to help the existing heating or in cold summers up to 14 square meters.
Heaters with a power of 700 W are installed on the ceiling or on the wall, depending on the model of the heater.
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 700 watts:
800 watt heaters
In winter, an infrared heater with a power of 800 W is able to heat 8 square meters (the house must be insulated in winter), in spring-autumn and summer, or in winter to help with existing heating - 16 square meters.
Pion infrared heaters with a power of 800 W can be installed on a wall or ceiling.
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 800 watts:
900 watt heaters
In winter, a 900 watt infrared heater can heat 9 square meters if the house is winter. Spring-autumn, cold summer, or in winter to help with other heating - 18 square meters.
The 900 watt heater is mounted on the wall.
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 900 W:
1000 watt heaters
These are the most popular heaters, as they can be used in any premises due to the classic power of 1 kW. Infrared heaters with a power of 1 kW (1000 watts) for heating in spring-autumn, cold summer, winter to help other heating are calculated as follows - 1 IR heater per 20 square meters, for heating a winter house in winter - 1 heater per 10 square meters . The differences between the Pion Lux and Pion Ceramic heater models are explained at.
Heaters are installed on the wall or hung on the ceiling.
Models of IR heaters Pion with a power of 1 kW (1000 W):
1200 watt heaters
In winter, a 1200 W infrared heater can heat 12 square meters (the house must be winter), in spring-autumn and summer, or in winter to help the existing heating up to 24 square meters.
Wall heater.
Models of Pion infrared heaters with a power of 1200 W:
1300 watt heaters
For the selection of infrared heaters with a power of 1300 W, it is also important to take into account the height of the ceilings in the room - they are installed on ceilings with a height of at least 2.7 meters. Or, if the mains voltage is less than 220 V, 1300-watt heaters can also be installed in rooms where the ceiling height is less than 2.7 m. Models of heaters with a power of 1.3 kW - and. For heating in spring and autumn, heaters are calculated as follows - 1 IR heater per 26 square meters, and for heating a winter house in winter - 1 IR heater per 13 square meters.
Heaters are installed on the ceiling or wall.
Models of Pion IR heaters with a power of 1300 W:
1600 watt heaters
For heating in winter, the house must be winter, - 1 IR heater of 1600 watts can heat 16 square meters, while the ceilings in the room must be at least 2.7 - for a comfortable feeling of warmth, or the mains voltage must be less than 220 volts. Spring-autumn, cold summer or to help with existing heating, the heater will heat up to 32 square meters.
The heater is installed on the wall under the ceiling or on the ceiling.
Models of IR heaters Pion with a power of 1.6 kW:
These heaters in residential areas are used only in one case, where the ceiling height is higher than 3.5 meters. For example, they successfully cope with the heating of rooms with a second light.
Industrial infrared heaters Pion
The most low-power heaters from the Pion industrial series of heaters. The voltage in the network should be 220 volts for them. Industrial infrared heaters are used for heating industrial premises, warehouses, workshops, etc. Those. premises with large areas and a ceiling height of 3 meters.
Pion industrial heaters also differ in power:
2000 watt heaters
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 2 kW:
An infrared heater with a power of 2000 watts is able to heat up to 20 square meters in winter. meters with a ceiling height of at least 4.5 m. Also, a 2000 W infrared heater is often used in residential buildings for heating rooms with a second light.
2500 watt heaters
The heater with a power of 2.5 kW operates from a 220 V network. It can heat up to 25 m2 in winter and up to 50 m2 in spring and autumn
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 2.5 kW:
3000 watt heaters
Heaters with a power of 3 kW are suitable for a 380 V network. In winter, it can heat up to 30 square meters. meters with a ceiling height of at least 4.5 m. In spring - autumn 60 square meters.
Models of infrared heaters Pion with a power of 3 kW:
4000 watt heaters
The most powerful infrared industrial heater. Connects to 380v. Able to heat in winter up to 40 sq.m. with a ceiling height of at least 4.5 m. In spring and autumn up to 80 sq.m.
Models of infrared heaters with a power of 4 kW:
- - iron ceiling heater
Outdoor infrared heaters
Outdoor heaters are used for heating open verandas, they are selected strictly individually. Outdoor models are not produced in the line of Pion infrared heaters, but we can offer you these . Outdoor heaters have a high radiation temperature, they are also called high-temperature heaters. Visually, they can be determined very simply - the tube radiating heat from the heater during operation heats up and shines in red. Installing such heaters indoors is very dangerous.
For professional selection of infrared heaters, you can. All consultations are free.
For self-selection of infrared heaters for home heating, you can use.
- Where is infrared heating used?
- How big are the operating costs when using infrared electric heaters?
- What is an infrared heater?
- Is it possible to install Pion electric heaters on my own?
- Is it possible to install an infrared heater if there are decorative coatings on the ceiling? I have a wooden/suspended/plastic ceiling. Will it not light up?
Would you like your heater to have enough power to keep you warm on the coldest winter evenings? Then it is worth approaching the choice responsibly. Before buying, it is better to familiarize yourself with a number of device parameters various types, take into account the footage of the heated room, as well as factors such as the absence / presence of thermal insulation, wall thickness and the maximum difference between street and room temperature in the coldest season. In the event of an error in the calculations, you run the risk of purchasing a heater with more power than necessary (which will result in overpayments for electricity), or, conversely, a device with less power that is not able to effectively heat the area of the room.
Electric heaters are different types, each of which has its own advantages, disadvantages, principle and speed of action.
We list some of them:
- A thermal fan - such a device is somewhat reminiscent of a conventional fan, however, an incandescent spiral is placed in front of its blades, which provides heating for that part of the room to which the air flow is directed. Despite the fact that the fan heater is quite effective, it is not intended for continuous heating of the room. A significant drawback of such a device is the short-term result of its impact on the environment.
- A ceramic heater is very similar in principle to a fan heater, only ceramic plates act as a heater. Similar models run on gas and from the mains, there are floor, wall and even desktop. The main advantage of a ceramic heater is the preservation of humidity in the room.
- An oil-type radiator copes with heating the air in a very short time, but it should not be purchased if there are animals or small children in the house, since both of them risk getting burned. Such a device is considered not the most economical option - it consumes a lot of electricity.
- Electric models heat the air up to desired temperature fast enough, but they cool down slowly. The principle of operation of these devices is based on convection. In the lower part of the device there are parts that suck in air, heating occurs due to the operation of a heating element - a tubular electric heater, the volume of heated gas directly depends on the area of \u200b\u200bwhich area. That is why heating elements are often produced with a ribbed surface. The advantage of a convector over an oil heater is that the temperature of the coolant rises at a faster rate, which means that you do not have to wait until the room gets warmer. In addition, these devices are much more compact. Wall models are especially popular.
- Infrared heater. The operation of devices of this type is based on electromagnetic radiation - at the same time, objects that fall under the influence of waves are heated first, and then the air itself. Heating elements also act as structural elements of the device. Another option is open coils, sometimes protected by quartz tubes, or metal mesh, plastic panels with holes or carbon fiber. In the rooms, the heater is protected by transparent partitions or metal meshes. Infrared heaters come in different types. Depending on the wavelength, they are divided into short-wave, medium and long-wave, from the energy source - electric, gas, diesel and water, from the installation method - mobile and stationary.
How to calculate the power of the heater?
All modern appliances are equipped with thermostats that allow you to maintain a certain temperature. The type of heater itself has little effect on the efficiency of its operation - it is important to make the correct calculation here.
To warm the air in the apartment, it is necessary to maintain the air temperature with a certain heat capacity with the help of a convector.
When calculating the power of the heater, the following indicators are taken into account:
- Minimum outdoor temperature in winter.
- Comfortable room temperature.
- The air density is 1.3 kg/m3.
- The heat capacity of air is 0.001 MJ.
- Heat 1 MJ - 0.277 kW / h
The amount of heat required to warm up a particular room can be calculated using the formula: c = Q / m (t2 - t1), where c is the specific heat capacity, Q is heat, m is the mass of air.
Let's transform the formula, it will turn out: Q \u003d c * m * (t2-t1), now you need to find out the mass of air in the room.
The formula for calculating it is simple: m= ϱ*P*h, where ϱ is the air density, P is the area of the room, h is the height.
Thus, the heat consumption formula acquires the formula: kWt= 0.277*c*ϱ*Р*h*(t2-t1).