Ege n and nn. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms. Adjectives formed from nouns
The difficulty of task 14 lies in the fact that the spelling H / HH depends on the part of speech, and there are a number of exceptions that you need to remember.
To successfully complete the task, we recommend:
1. Read the assignment carefully. It is important to look for a word with the number of H that is indicated in the task. Check again before entering your answer on the form.
2. Determine the part of speech.
3. If you are dealing with adjectives and participles, then the full or short form is important in front of you.
4. In accordance with the part of speech and the form of the word, remember the rules and exceptions.
1. With one lettern are written:
1. Adjectives with a non-derivative stem: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in these adjectives. Letter n included in the root.
2. Derivative adjectives with the suffix -n: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer).
3. Denominated adjectives with suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. with the meaning "name of the material, substance"), i-ying: mouse, sparrow (adj. with the meaning "belongings").
Exception:
wood, pewter, glass write with two letters nn .
4. Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat.
Exception:
Write with two letters nn words from the list:
given, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy,captive, deprivedsacred,readable, desperate,chased, cursed, unheard of, unseen, inadvertent,unexpected
The exclusion list does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest, sworn brother.
5. Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.p.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms, if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.
6. Adverbs for -o and -e formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.
2. With two lettersnn are written:
1. Derivative adjectives with the suffix -n, if the root of the noun ends in a letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy.
2. Derivative adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: literal, portioned.
Exception:
windy man, windmill, chicken pox, but windless day, lee side.
3. Verbal adjectives with the suffix -nn: uprooted area, defective thing.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn.
Write the suffix -nn in verbal adjectives formed from the generative stem with suffixes: -eva//-ova, -eva: uprooted←uproot, formed←form.
It's easier to remember like this: adjectives in yeva + nn + yy, ova + nn + yy, eva + nn + yy.
4. Adjectives-exceptions from paragraphs:
1.3. Exception: wooden, tin, glass write with two letters - nn.
1.4. Exception: given, swaggered, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, done, covetous, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unintentional, unguessed.
5. Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list words to remember in paragraph 5 along with other examples).
6. Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters nn(except for the m.s. singular form, in which there is always one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable.
7. Adverbs in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with two letters nn: sincerely, deliberately, calmly.
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Job type: 15
Condition
H
confusing (1) shaken by the director's head, the guys instantly (2) o fell silent and lowered the haircut (3) heads, but I saw how their cheeks gradually (4) o bleed, ripe for a spark (5) his burst of laughter.
Show answerAnswer
Job type: 15
Subject: Spelling "H" and "HH"
Condition
One letter H. Write the numbers in a row without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
All this noisy, angry and hot procession is disheveled (1) oh, outraged (2) oh, crooked (3) old men and women who had died in two and three deaths - at the entrance to the village there was a meeting (4) and Vorontsov and an unfamiliar, office-looking man in straw (5) oh hat and with a gypsy face.
Show answerAnswer
Source: “Russian language. Typical test USE assignments 2019". Ed. R. A. Doshchinsky., M. S. Smirnova.
Job type: 15
Subject: Spelling "H" and "HH"
Condition
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter is written H. Write the numbers in a row without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
In Moscow, for thirty years or more, I have been observing a wonderful weight (1) her time (2) oh by me in the spring of light, when the first sparrow sings in his own way in the (3) oh stove, the gutter will stick out the ice (4) oh tongue, and it will drip, and the first little stream will run across the sidewalk.
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Source: “Russian language. Typical test tasks of the Unified State Examination 2019. Ed. R. A. Doshchinsky., M. S. Smirnova.
Job type: 15
Subject: Spelling "H" and "HH"
Condition
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which it is written HH. Write the numbers in a row without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Gray visited three shops, giving the person (1) th value of the accuracy of choice, since the thought-le (2) about saw already the desired color and shade. In the first two shops he was shown market-coloured silks intended (3) to satisfy unpretentious vanity. Finally, one color attracted disarmament (4) buyer's attention; he sat down in an armchair by the window, pulled out of the noisy silk (5) end, threw him on his knees and became contemplatively motionless.
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12345 <или любая другая последовательность>
Source: “Russian language. Typical test tasks of the Unified State Examination 2019. Ed. R. A. Doshchinsky., M. S. Smirnova.
Job type: 15
Subject: Spelling "H" and "HH"
Condition
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter is written H. Write the numbers in a row without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Along the coast (1) about the bush has grown, in the thicket of it a cave has been dug, covered with a door, connected (2) oh from the boughs, and in front of the door of the embankment (3) but strengthened (4) th platform, boulders descend from it to the silver stream.
Show answerAnswer
35 <или> 53
Source: “Russian language. Typical test tasks of the Unified State Examination 2019. Ed. R. A. Doshchinsky., M. S. Smirnova.
Job type: 15
Subject: Spelling "H" and "HH"
Condition
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which it is written HH. Write the numbers in a row without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Anya took her place near the silver (1) th samovar with cups. She already knew she was made (2) but exclusively for this noisy, brilliant, laughing life with music, dances, bows (3) ikami. She stood among the guests (4) oh, amazing (5) wow, adorable (6) aya, not believing that a change in her life, an amazing change, happened so soon.
The system of tasks and exercises on the topic “Spelling
-Н- and -НН- in suffixes of participles and adjectives "
Spelling n and nn in denominative adjectives
Exercise 1. Write down, explaining the spelling.
A clown was screaming from a wooden platform.. (Yu.Ol.) In the hands of the boy was a slippery, mossy clay .. a vessel of an unusual shape. (L. Lag.) How much grass grows on the earth .. oh food! (Yu.Af.) Heaps of litter and rags lay on the floor, in the corner stood a wooden ..th bed frame. (Cupr.) From the guest .. thaw blackened on the mountain. (Ax.) Suddenly a storm came up, and the air turned into white water.. dust. (Ax.) In rivers with a sandy bottom, the water brightened and green moss became visible. (Ax). The bird flew away, and the snow continued to fall like glass .. rain. (paust.)
Task 2. Open the brackets by choosing the correct spelling. Find possible synonyms and antonyms for the underlined words.
The day has turned outsultry, windless (n, n) th. (Kupr.) The general's boots were made by a battalion (n, nn) shoemaker. (L.T.)Majesty (n, n) th green (n, n) th charm of boron, likeprecious (n, n) th frame, adorned ourserene love. (Cupr.) The approach of spring in the countryside made meunusual (n, n) th impression. (Ax.) I love not frosty, red, windy (n, n) days almost from morning to evening. (Ax.)
Task 3. Divide the sentences into groups 1) with spelling in wordswith stem on н and suffix -н-2) with -onn-, -enn- 3) –an-, -yan, -in-
Not a cloud in the mist...om whitish sky, not the slightest wind on the snowy plains. (Ax.) At the feet of the count, a large silver basin will be placed with water. (Turg.) The desert wind broke out in the wild. (Ax.) Despite the spring ... freshness, all the people were barefoot. (Ax.) On the right bank, an officer in a canvas shirt barked: "Stop firing!" (Shol.) A long autumn ..y sunset burned out. (Cupr.) They entered the house through a large stone terrace. (Kupr.) The regional food commissar came to the district. (Shol.) Morning .. frosty fogs keep in the lower reaches. (Yu.Af.) The atmosphere here was simple, and it smelled of rye..th bread. (Czech.)
And our walks, in which I take them through unusual places and ravines, are very pleasant. (L. Tolst.) The boy wears a sheepskin coat.. (Yu.Af.) Slow snow clouds were moving towards the horizon. (Ax.) In the middle of a dense forest, on a narrow lawn, an earthen fortification towered. (A. Push.)
Task 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct letters. Make up phrases with the underlined words, using them in a figurative sense.
The wife's long chin became even longer..her. (Czech.) From the very early years ... their years, he felt a desire to draw. (Turg.) Ochumelov looks to the side and sees: a dog is running from the merchant's wood-working warehouse. (Czech.) Lukich felt horse lips on his neck and, limping, trotted off to the farm. (Shol.) Weeds stuck to the rough sides of the mare. (Shol.) Before evening, Mitka saw how about eight horses had left the sandy mound, shining with a white bald head. (Shol.) All the wayexpanse the field, flooded with moonlight ..th light, also did not reach any movement or sound. (Czech.) Whitesstone..s the gate that led from the yard to the field, near the oldstrong gate with lions, two girls were standing. (Czech.) I bought him cloth pants, a shirt, sandals and a cap from a washcloth. (Shol.)
Spelling n and nn in participles and verbal adjectives
Exercise 1. Write, opening brackets:
Nekoshe (n, nn) s, low bushes spread widely in front of me. (Turg.) Once, in the cold (n, n) winter season, I came out of the forest; there was severe frost. (Nekr.) Birds occasionally flew in to see if the uninvited (n, nn) guests had left. (Czech.) Hanging from above different parties black scrap (n, nn) rafters. (Yu. Ol.) On the top of a gentle hill, silver (n, nn) sea, ripe rye spreads. (Turg.) We plucked several bunches of red mountain ash in the cold (n, nn) frost. (Ax.) Frozen (n, nn) with hoarfrost, frozen with ice (n, nn) icicles, the men ran after the wagon trains. (Ax.) The summer evening breathed coolness on the hot (n, n) earth. (Ax.) The iron roofs of the dachas rattled at night, as if someone was running along them in horseshoe (n, nn) boots. (Kupr.) The yard, once decorated with (n, nn) flower beds, was turned into a nekoshe (n, nn) meadow, on which a entangled (n, nn) horse grazed. (A. Push.) In the hut behind the partition, the wound (n, n) Dubrovsky was lying on the bed. (A. Push.) No sword (n, nn) wow, no cut (n, nn) wow, no brew (n, nn) wow, no crush (n, nn) wow. (Last)
Task 2. Distribute the sentences with the spelling Н and НН in the suffix into groups: 1) in participles 2) verbal adjectives. Explain your choice of spelling.
A light restrained .. whisper woke me up. (Turg) He managed to turn on his side, with a frantic .. movement, at the same moment pulling his legs up to his stomach, he saw the face of a female carriage driver. (Bulg.) Lida had just returned from somewhere and, standing near the porch with a whip in her hands, slender, beautiful, illuminated by the sun, ordered something to the worker. wedding candle. (Bulg.) Grey, old, tattered clothes were decorated with green ribbons. (Yu.Ol.) Detective dogs followed my trail, and they found me in the nekoshen..om oats. (Shol.) Now, without laughing, I cannot remember the frightened and pale faces of my comrades. (Turg.) Paper guilt is not forgiven..ay. (Last)
Task 3 . Insert the missing letters:
The boots were built ... by a battalion shoemaker. (L.T.) The street was brightly lit..a. (Yu.Ol.) Pit horses were harnessed ..s. (Ax.) The windows of the house, narrow and cut through by .. arches, were high above the ground, and the glass in them was painted .. by the sun into a rainbow. (M. Gor.) The dugout was hung .. and was richly carpeted, in the corner there was a silver .. toilet and a dressing table. (A. Push.) Logs are scattered near the road. (Yu.Af.)
Task 4 . Explain the difference in spelling of single-root words:
1) The event was organized. Good food provided.
2) The sea is agitated by the storm. The friend spoke excitedly, ardently.
3) All my friends are educated. The committees have already been formed.
4) The faces of the soldiers are stern and preoccupied. We were busy preparing for the holiday.
5) Hair is tangled in the wind. This story is intricate and mysterious.
Spelling Н and НН in participles and adjectives (generalizing tasks)
Exercise 1. Write off by inserting H or HH. Explain choice:
A little further away, in the very wilderness abandoned..ogo and wild raspberry..ik, there was an arbor, artfully painted..ay inside. (Turg.) Alekhine himself, washed, combed..y, in a new frock coat, walked around the living room..oh. (Czech.) From the terrace, a glass door led to a living room, in which a piano was imagined, littered with ... handwritten notes. (Turg.) It smells sweet of dried .. apples, and from the collars and harnesses hung .. on the walls - horse .. sweat. (Shol.) Now the tachanka rustles past the frosted wicker houses, the thatched roofs run back, the shutters are painted..th. (Shol.) On the wrinkled earthen bark, the cloven hooves of calves stick out like fractional rain. (Shol.) He fell silent, hung his head, then, having drunk from a wooden flask of warm water, came to life again and grabbed the knife, hidden. .ny under the tallif, then for a piece of parchment. On this parchment were already sketched ..s records. (Bulg.)
Task 2. Write off by inserting the missing letters and explaining the spelling.
From the terrace..as..s glass..the door led to the living room..y, in which there was a fi..piano, littered..with handwritten notes. (Turg.) He, wincing and groaning, nevertheless smiles. (Bulg.) His bulging .. eyes shine, his nose becomes .. bright (-) red. (Czech.) I quickly o..tugged my raised ..th leg and, through the barely transparent ..twilight of the night, I saw a huge r..hole far below me. (Turg.) When the next day after dinner I came to the Volchaninovs, the glass door to the garden was wide open ... (Czech.) As long as there is a small, unreasonable hope for (not) complete such happiness, I still (not) can calmly .. build for myself an imaginary happiness. (L. Tolst.)
Task 3. Fill in the missing letters, explain the choice of H or HH. Determine the style of the text and select its style-forming means. Specify the means of artistic expression.
I looked out the window at rusty fields, groves, small stations. The road to Bryansk was circular and long .. through Lvov to Navlya. Passengers jumped out at stations, bought strawberries and fried chickens from women. Then a dream reigned on the platforms ... a silence. For the first time I saw deserted Central Russia. I liked her green forests, overgrown roads, the conversations of the peasants.
The train arrived at Sinezorki at dusk. A driver was waiting for me in a canvas ... jacket. Our cart sometimes rolled down onto a wooden bridge, and black swamp water glistened under it. We stopped near a small wooden house with lighted windows. The cart caught on a stone pole at the gate.
I spent the whole summer among the dense Bryansk forests, meek Oryol peasants in such an old and vast park that no one knew where it ended and went into the forest. (According to K.G. Paustovsky "Distant years")
Task 4. 1) Define the style and type of text. Specify the means of creating the expressiveness of the text. 2) Insert the missing punctuation marks. 3) Insert the missing Н and НН in the suffixes of participles and adjectives.
From morning to evening I was with my grandmother on deck under a clear sky between the banks of the Volga, gilded in autumn. Over the river the sun imperceptibly floated around, the green mountains of the city and the village changed, golden autumn .. leaves on the water. By evening, the ship stopped at the pier, closely cluttered with ships.
At the very top of the street stood Grandfather's squat house painted..dirty pink with a sloping..low roof and bulging..windows. The whole house was packed with people I had never seen before, a military man from the Tatars with a little wife who played a richly decorated guitar. The whole room of the latter was crammed ... with boxes and littered with ... things. He was sitting in a red leather jacket.. smeared with paints.. disheveled.. awkward and melting lead. Uncle Peter brought jam in a large clay jar. Grandmother was sitting on the edge of the stove, leaning towards the people, illuminated by the fire of a small tin lamp. Adults talked about the fact that in Paris there is no great Lent when you can only eat sauerkraut.. salted cabbage.. mushrooms potatoes with flaxseed oil. Everyone drank a lot, ate children, gave gifts, and gradually a hot but strange .. oh fun flared up. (According to M. Gorky "Childhood")
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
Behind the eye (1) glass, an ordinary (3) urban asphalt (4) street lived its morning (2) life, along which crowded (5) fixed-route taxis and cargo (6) dump trucks rushed.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
Behind the window glass, an ordinary city paved street lived its morning life, along which crowded fixed-route taxis and loaded dump trucks rushed.
In this offer:
1.okonNym - an adjective formed from the word WINDOW with the help of the suffix -Н-;
2. morning - an adjective formed from the word MORNING with the help of the suffix -ENN-;
3.ordinary - an adjective formed with the help of the suffix -ENN-;
4.asphalted - participle, ends in -OVANNY;
5. overflowing - full participle formed from the perfective verb TO OVERFLOW;
6.loaded - a verbal adjective, there are no conditions for writing HH.
Answer: 12345
Answer: 12345
Rule: Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech. Task 15.
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, this is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The material "Reference" summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and gives Additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, if:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "weird" in terms of modern language does not contain the suffix H and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained etymologically: genuine in Ancient Russia called the truth that the defendant spoke "under the longs" - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, if:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of “whose”: dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix does makes the word perfect
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized and educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written in general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of a compound word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
a) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth about dyed ( about paint), fresh per ice cream ( per freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: Ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
Brief participles | Short adjectives |
---|---|
written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, for example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one spelling or another WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as well as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
HH | H |
---|---|
prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | H* |
---|---|
moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
nephew | var/enik (cook) |
dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
insomnia | student |
aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in Russian are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech
This task requires knowledge of how words are formed!
Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.
Rule.
Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.
Full adjectives and participles.
Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: which?
Remember!
unexpectedlyHHth
slowerHHth countryHHth sacredHHth chwaHHth checkHHth desireHHth okayHHth affairsHHth unseenHHth unheardHNew not teaHHth nezhdaHHth bad luckHNew zhemaHHth |
ryaHth
yarnHth greenHth sviHoh barHuy siHuy blushHth scarletHth YuHth smarterHth nameHyy (brother) seatedHyy (father) |
Distinguish!
Short adjectives and participles.
To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.
Nouns and adverbs.
In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:
looked beshe? o - beshe? y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)
Remember!
Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:
mosheHHik harderHik
tribeHHik pridaHoh
settingHHik
YesHHik
bespridaHHitza
Action algorithm.
1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.
2. Remember if this word is an exception.
3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.
4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.
Parsing the task.
In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).
1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1
Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by the full form refinement ... th. We determine the writing of the full form: refinement ... th derived from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.
Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.
The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced by a verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.
In this way the correct answer is 4.
Practice.
1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.