Adiantum at home. Adiantum - cascades of delicate greenery Adiantum plant
Among dozens of varieties of ferns, the most famous and beloved by flower growers is this. The species, found naturally in the Mediterranean, in the Crimea and the Caucasus, as well as on the American continent and in the countries of North Africa and Asia Minor, is easily acclimatized at home. In the south of Europe, it can also survive the winter in open ground.
The height of the plant is slightly more than half a meter. The leaves are pinnate, asymmetrical, can grow up to 20-25 centimeters in length. Separate segments, having an obovate shape, do not exceed 2–3 cm in length. The upper part of the segments is notched and often fan-shaped. Light leaf plates contrast with dark, almost black petioles, thanks to which the plant got its name.
In nature, Venus hair prefers to inhabit the rocky banks of streams, mountain rivers and other bodies of water. At the same time, on small accumulations of soil between stones, a powerful rhizome less than a meter long helps the plant to attach. A lot of thin auxiliary roots cling to rocky ledges, so you can see the maidenhair of this species, as in the photo, on steep steeps.
The maturation of spores located along the edge of the leaf segments takes place from late spring to autumn. At home, a slowly growing fern is often propagated vegetatively.
The large-leaved maidenhair shown in the photo is a perennial fern with a height of 30 to 50 cm. In nature, the species is found in the tropical zone of Central and South America. A fern with a beautiful rosette of large leaves of a characteristic shape can be found along roads, under bridges and near drains.
You can recognize the presented maidenhair by the pointed segments of the leaves, along the cut of which there are zones of spore maturation. In addition, the young foliage of the maidenhair has an unusual pinkish color, and only adult leaves become light green.
One of the types of ferns with high frost resistance, which makes it possible to grow maidenhair in gardens in the south and in the center of Russia. The leaves of this variety of maidenhair are flat, bright green, with dark thin rods. The height of an adult fern reaches 0.6 meters, and the bush holds an attractive hemispherical domed shape well. The leaf segments are incised along one edge, where the spore accumulation zones are located.
Under natural conditions and in pot culture, the fern of this species grows slowly, but is loved by flower growers for its high decorativeness and unpretentiousness. The main condition for the successful cultivation of this type of maidenhair is loose soil, the presence of shade and literacy.
One of the interesting varieties of this fern is the maidenhair subspecies aleuticum.
According to the description and photo of the maidenhair, the species has an elegant shape and a height of about 30 centimeters. The width of an adult plant is slightly larger. On the ground, the fern keeps thanks to a thick superficial rhizome. The fronds of a muted green color are located on black-brown rods. The leaves are doubly pinnate, symmetrical. Separate leaf lobes have one excised edge with rounded or blunt teeth.
In Nepal and the Indian state of Kashmir, another species of maidenhair can be seen with obovate, somewhat elongated leaf segments, dark, purplish-brown petioles and a height of about 40 cm.
The look of the adiantum, as in the photo, is highly decorative and can serve both to decorate the interior and to create a unique atmosphere in the garden. The plant is also applicable for vertical gardening. High frost resistance allows you to grow fern in the south of Russia in open ground.
Flower growers who are just starting to get acquainted with the types of maidenhair, looking at the kidney-shaped maidenhair, often do not believe that a plant with horseshoe-shaped leaves on long petioles is a fern. Indeed, a surprisingly modest, but full of grace, the plant does not look like the famous Venus hair maidenhair or another species, whose photo and description are given above.
Occurring wild in the Canary Islands, the kidney-shaped maidenhair, depending on the variety, reaches a height of 5–30 cm. There are two subspecies of this plant.
According to the photo and description, maidenhair reniforme is a larger fern with leaves up to seven centimeters in diameter and petioles 20 centimeters high. And the subspecies pusillum is twice as small.
At the same time, the habitat of these plants is similar. Ferns are found in partial shade on damp rocky ledges under trees or on steep slopes along the sea.
In the wild, the maidenhair of this species can be seen in South America. The creeping leaves of Ruddy's maidenhair are distinguished by wedge-shaped segments, decorated with a rounded edge. The leaf blades are no more than a centimeter long. The leaves themselves are large, up to 45 cm in length. The petioles are thin, drooping, brown or almost black, like other varieties of adiantum.
Today, lovers have at their disposal several varieties of Ruddy's maidenhair with a unique shape and color of foliage.
A fast growing and very attractive variety of the Ruddy fern forms a crown up to half a meter high. Adiantum fragrans is distinguished by the curly shape of the leaf segments and their lower density on black-gray or brown petioles.
The Chilean maidenhair was named after its country of origin. In nature, the plant reaches a size of 30–40 cm.
At home, the view of the maidenhair shown in the photo can be found at an altitude of 2000 meters. The fern feels equally good both in the valleys and on the slopes of the mountains overgrown with broad-leaved forests.
The Chilean maidenhair perfectly tolerates the climatic conditions of a humid forest, where the breaks between the rainy seasons are no more than a month. This variety of fern also grows in relatively dry areas in which the drought can last up to five months.
Despite the name, you can see the maidenhair depicted in the photo in nature not only on the African coast, but in Australia and New Zealand.
Leaf petioles are black at the bottom. To the top of the leaf, they change color to brownish-purple. The segments are wide, wedge-shaped with an entire, almost rounded margin. The green color is light. The total height of the fern reaches 50 centimeters.
Such a different maidenhair fern - video
Seed propagation in the garden strawberry familiar to us, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries - alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth giving her a place in the berry.
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Rhubarb can not be found in every garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jams, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruit and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful backdrop for annuals. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.
Today, experiments with non-banal combinations and non-standard colors in the garden are in trend. For example, plants with black inflorescences have become very fashionable. All black flowers are original and specific, and it is important for them to be able to select suitable partners and a position. Therefore, this article will not only introduce you to the range of plants with slate-black inflorescences, but also teach you the intricacies of using such mystical plants in garden design.
3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage and meat sandwich - a great idea for a quick snack or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little spice. There is no onion in these sandwiches, if you wish, you can add an onion marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches, this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.
Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, medium ripening - 55-60 and late terms - at least 70 days. When planting seedlings of tomatoes at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.
Unpretentious plants of the "second plan" sansevieria do not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal maintenance. The stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.
One of the brightest months of the garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to the lunar calendar. In June, gardening and gardening can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.
Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the best choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.
I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.
Adiantum, maidenhair (lat. Adiantum) is a genus of ferns from the Pteris family, consisting of more than 200 plant species. The origin of the name is Greek and means "waterproof plant" (from the particle "a", meaning "not", and the word for wetting, moisturizing). And those who know about this plant can really argue that it always remains dry, no matter how humid it is around.
Surprisingly, the seemingly dry fern is native to the tropics in the Andes of South America and East Asia. This plant likes to settle near rivers, waterfalls, where the ground on the rock is very wet.
The adiantum is mentioned in the writings of the great Roman historian Pliny the Elder, in whom this plant is found in the book Natural History. This is a fairly popular and common type of fern in greenhouse business. It is no less in demand among ordinary people who grow it as a houseplant. Adiantum is not only beautiful in appearance, but also useful, can be used for medicinal purposes, which makes it doubly valuable.
Description of the plant maidenhair with photo
Adiantum: home care is simple
The maidenhair flower is a perennial herbaceous fern whose rhizome is thin and curved, covered on the outside with brownish-black scales. The arrangement of the leaves can be either alternate or opposite, the petioles are dark, shiny, covered with scales at the base. Their length is 25 centimeters.
The leaf itself is green, maybe with a grayish tinge. The plate is quite wide, smooth, dissected. The appearance of the segments may vary. There are trapezoid, wedge-shaped and obovate elements, which are fan-shaped on the petiole. On the veins on the lower side of most segments are sori with sporangia of a linear, round and oblong type.
Adiantum is also cultivated in open ground. As a rule, this is a stop-shaped maidenhair. For growing in the room, they use “hair venus”, Ruddy's maidenhair, tender, transparent and other species.
Adiantum home care with photo
This fern, like others, does not like being in the sun. It must be grown in partial shade, which means that the most successful place for the plant will be the northern or eastern window sill or a place in the back of the room. Otherwise, the death of green leaves will be observed.
- The maidenhair fern does not tolerate completely enclosed spaces, as it needs fresh air.
- At the same time, you should not arrange a draft, otherwise your pet will die.
- You should prevent the accumulation of dust in the room, so you need to regularly clean the room with a damp cloth, and also often ventilate the house.
Venus hair is adversely affected by the presence of any caustic substances in the air. And this means that it does not tolerate tobacco smoke, and it will also grow poorly in the kitchen. In order for the maidenhair fern to develop well, it needs to provide optimal room temperature, which will not exceed 22 ºC and 15 ºC in winter, respectively.
- A fern pot should always stand in one place, as it does not tolerate movement.
- To improve the condition of the plant in the summer, it is actively sprayed every day with warm water.
- In winter, such procedures are not practiced, as this can adversely affect development.
In the spring and summer, a planned feeding of the maidenhair with liquid fertilizers is carried out, reducing the concentration indicated in the instructions by half. Fertilizers are applied no more than once every three weeks, while excluding top dressing in winter.
In order for the fern to have a pleasant appearance, yellow and affected leaves are pruned in the spring. This process will be beneficial for the plant, as it stimulates the formation of new leaves. As soon as the old greenery is removed, the maidenhair is abundantly watered and sprayed.
Watering the maidenhair
Adiantum photo care at home
One of the principles of successful cultivation of this fern is its frequent watering. It is necessary to ensure that the earthen ball never dries up, otherwise the death of individual leaves and sections of the rhizome will begin, and then the whole plant. In turn, excess moisture will start the process of rotting of the rhizome with roots, which will also lead to death.
What to do to avoid the death of a fern due to improper watering? To ensure normal moisture, the pot is placed in a container with warm water (separately separated warm water is prepared for this) so that the entire soil volume is saturated. Evidence of this is the wet sheen of the surface.
Then the fern pot is transferred to the washbasin so that water is glassed into it, the bottom is wiped and placed on the windowsill. Both in winter and summer they are watered in the same way, but in cold weather the amount of watering is halved.
Adiantum transplant
The plant is best grown in a small pot, as it prefers tight spaces. Venus hair fern is transplanted no more than once every three years and only when roots break through the drainage holes. In those seasons when transplanting is not planned, only the first 5-7 cm of soil are replaced.
- The pot for the maidenhair is selected wooden, spacious, you can also choose ceramic, not glazed. There must be sufficient drainage holes. This is due to the presence of a large root system.
Planting adiantum begins with the installation of drainage to the bottom in large quantities. Then fill the pot with loose soil. A special acidic mixture saturated with humus is selected. The following composition would be ideal: leafy earth and peat (1: 2). Part of the soil substrate is poured to the drainage layer, then it is placed in a new pot by the method of transshipment, adding the rest of the soil to it, making sure that there are no empty spaces. At the same time, the soil is not particularly tamped, since a loose substrate will be optimal for the adiantum.
Adiantum diseases and the most common pests
Adiantum room
This fern has natural chemical protection. Its leaves contain poisons that counteract the invasion of pests. But their own mechanisms do not always work, because a number of insects quickly get used to any means. In particular, scale insects, mealybugs, aphids and spider mites easily adapt to many poisons.
Antitlin, Fitoverm and Biotlin also remove mealybugs well. Aktara, Mospilan, Confidant and Confidor are also used to fight him. To eliminate the spider mite, Fitoverm and Actellik are used.
Fungal, viral and other diseases are not characteristic of the maidenhair, but sometimes the plant can lose its beautiful appearance due to improper care. For example, with insufficient watering, the edges of the leaves become dry and brown. And if the fern completely sheds greenery, you need to moisten the air by spraying and start doing this always, since the room is too dry. Burning out of the green part of the fern indicates an excess of light, so the pot needs to be moved to a darker place. If the leaves curl but do not turn brown, then the room is too cold and humid.
Useful properties of maidenhair
Adiantum flower photo and description
Fern greens contain the following biologically active compounds:
- flavonoids;
- steroids;
- triterpenoids;
- essential oils;
- phenolcarboxylic acids;
- lipids, etc.
Due to the rich composition, the maidenhair is actively used in medicine in Western Europe. On its basis, infusions, syrups, powders, extracts are made. So, the water extract of the fern has an antibacterial effect, and the syrup stimulates expectoration and reduces the temperature.
- Based on this, the maidenhair is actively used to combat diseases of the respiratory system, spleen, liver, and bladder.
- Externally, the juice of the plant is used in the form of lotions and compresses for animal bites (for detoxification), the presence of wounds that do not heal for a long time. Traditional medicine also uses the maidenhair to treat alcoholism.
The cosmetic use of the maidenhair is no less important. A decoction or juice is made from it, which is added to water. Using a similar hair rinse, you can get rid of dandruff and even cure some difficult-to-treat skin diseases.
Reproduction of the maidenhair
fern maidenhair
There are two types of reproduction of the maidenhair: division of the bush and reproduction by seeds (or spores). Let's consider them in more detail:
1. The division of the bush. This type of reproduction is carried out in the spring, when Venus hair is transplanted. It is freed from the old pot and divided into several parts with a sharp knife. Places of cuts are sprinkled with coal, after which each part of the rhizome is planted in a new pot. For transplantation, only that plant is selected that has many growth points, otherwise the maidenhair will die during transplantation.
You should not worry when the maidenhair does not show signs of growth for a long time after transplantation - this is normal. Before dividing the rhizome, the earth ball must be dry. When planting a new plant in the ground, make sure that the root neck is not deepened into the ground to avoid rotting greens.
2.Reproduction by spores. Adiantum is successfully grown using spores. For their germination, a pot of small depth is selected, which is filled with a mixture of peat, sand and leafy soil in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. Before use, the substrate is doused with boiling water to disinfect it. As soon as after the procedure the earth acquires a normal temperature, seeds are planted on its surface, which are covered with glass.
- Germinate spores in a warm room. Adiantum will sprout faster if the pot is heated from below to 21 ºC. Germination period is 1-10 weeks.
As soon as small plants appear above the surface, the glass is removed, and the pot is placed in a bright place where direct sunlight does not fall. After a while, the seedlings dive. planting them 2-3 pieces in small pots with peat.
Types of adiantum
(Adiantum capillus veneris). This fern in open areas can be found in the Crimea, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Its favorite germination site is limestone soil close to a source of moisture. The plant is distinguished by thin black rhizomes, and it received such a name because of its characteristic leaves. They are very thin, light green, fan-shaped, located on a long 25 cm petiole. This is the most popular houseplant of the maidenhair.
Adiantum stopiform imbricatum Adiantum pedatum imbricatum
Adiantum stopiform(Adiantum pedatum). A beautiful and most graceful species of ferns. It lives in the deciduous forests of North America and East Asia. Some individuals of this grow up to 60 cm in height. The leafy part is flat, shiny, located on one side, light green in color. The leaves are pinnately dissected, with cuts on the sides, sitting horizontally on small thin petioles. This maidenhair survives even in severe frost (down to -35 ºC), so it can be planted in open soil.
The species is presented in the form of the following varieties:
- Compactum - a small plant up to 35 cm high;
- Imbricatum - a dwarf plant no more than 15 cm tall;
- Japonikum is the largest variety of maidenhair, which is 45 cm high and 30 cm wide. Its young shoots have a copper-pink hue, which gradually changes to green as they grow older;
- Aleutikum is a small maidenhair 10 cm high and up to 20 cm wide. Ideal for growing in a pot, as it can withstand exposure to the sun.
Adiantum tender(Adiantum tenerum). It is also called pink maidenhair. This fern grows in the Antilles and the American tropics. The rhizome of the plant is creeping, short. The leaves are thrice-pinnate, with wedge-shaped bases and broadly lobed upper parts. The length of the leaves is 70 cm (excluding the petiole, which is another 30 cm long), and the width is 50 cm.
The following varieties are grown:
- Farleyens - has attractive curled leaves.
- Scutum Roseum is notable for its multi-colored young leaves that change in shades from pink to green.
Adiantum small-haired(Adiantum hispidulum). This is a representative of the African fauna that grows in the mountains on the border with snow. It is also found in Australia and New Zealand, India, Madagascar. The plant has a creeping rhizome and relatively small leaves (15-25 cm) of a palmate-dissected type, growing on long petioles (about 35 cm) with small bristles. Leaves of the second order are small (2x0.5 cm), covered with bristles, diamond-shaped. This is a very popular houseplant.
Adiantum Ruddy(Adiantum raddianum). It is also called wedge-shaped. Epiphytic plant from the Brazilian forests with huge leaves, which are 45 cm long and 25 cm wide. The leaves of this fern curve beautifully. They consist of dozens of small leaves sitting on black shiny petioles.
In indoor floriculture, the following varieties are used:
- Micropinnulum and Grasillium - have very small leaves, the normal existence of which requires high humidity in the room. This can be achieved only in the florarium.
- Festum and Fritz Loot - these varieties are unpretentious, resistant to living in room conditions.
Adiantum tailed(Adiantum caudatum). The leaves of this fern are very long (about 60 cm), so an ampelous plant is made from it in indoor floriculture. have a brown color, the leaves at the ends have offspring. It is necessary to ensure that the earthen ball with this plant does not dry out, as it is very susceptible to this.
Adiantum beautiful(Adiantum formosum). Tall ferns, the bush of which reaches 1 m, but they have a fragile rhizome. The color of the roots is purple-black, the leaves are dark green, multi-pinnate, triangular-obovate.
Adiantum charming(Adiantum venustum). Native to Kashmir and Nepal. The length of the leaves is small, 20 cm. They are narrow, pointed. The color of the petioles is purple-black.
Adiantum wedge-shaped(Adiantum cuneatum). Similar to the beautiful maidenhair, but has other sori in shape. Grows in Southern Brazil.
Adiantum transparent(Adiantum diaphanum). Plant height 25-40 cm, pinnate or double-pinnate leaves. The leaves are dull green, the petioles are thin.
Adiantum fragrans(Adiantum Fragrans). It is a popular houseplant that grows in the Andes. The fern develops quickly. Differs in oval leaves of pale green color, sitting on short 10-15 cm petioles.
Adiantum - signs
It is believed that the maidenhair refreshes and invigorates those people who are in the room where it grows. In addition, this fern calms, makes a person more welcoming to problems.
For information on how to care for ferns at home, see the video:
The genus of adiantums, relatively small ferns living in the tropical and subtropical belt of the Earth, unites many independent genera. Some of them, for example, "Venus hair" and other varieties are very popular with lovers of indoor plants.
In nature, ferns of this genus live near water bodies, on nutritious loose soils. Plants easily tolerate being in partial shade, and although adiantums are thermophilic, they negatively perceive heat and dryness of soil and air.
Despite the fact that ferns are not the easiest plants for home conditions, growing adiantum and caring for it are of interest to many flower growers. Indeed, the openwork greenery of the plant is worth spending a little time creating the proper conditions for an unusual decorative leafy culture.
Botanical description
The maidenhair fern has creeping stems with frequent root shoots. The roots themselves are located vertically in the soil. They are covered with miniature red or dark brown scales that resemble a short pile. Double-cut petiolate leaves have a drooping shape. The thin and smooth petiole is painted black. Its length is 10-25 cm, depending on the species.
Leaves are either alternate or opposite. The lobes may be fan-shaped, diamond-shaped or wedge-shaped. Very thin leaves are bright green. The length of the segment is 2.5-3 cm, and the width is 1.5-2 cm. Sori are on the reverse side of the sheet in the form of small dots. They are usually located along the edges of the veins.
The leaves of the maidenhair contain many useful substances. A decoction of them has expectorant and bactericidal properties. The plant is used in folk medicine and pharmaceuticals.
Maid care
Lighting. Adiantums are shade-loving plants, they do not like too bright sunlight. Sunlight causes the leaves to turn brown and die (wai). Grows well near north-facing windows.
Temperature. For good growth in summer, the optimum temperature is 21°C; with low humidity, the plant cannot tolerate temperatures above 22°C. In winter, the optimum temperature is within 15-20°C, lowering the temperature below 10°C can lead to the death of wai, and sometimes to the death of the plant. Tolerates a fairly wide range of temperatures, most cultivated varieties can grow outdoors in the summer.
Peculiarities. Plants do not tolerate drafts, cold air and dust. Also, adiantum is badly affected by gas combustion products and tobacco smoke.
Watering. In summer, the maidenhair is watered regularly, the earthen ball should not dry out, this can lead to the death of the wai, and waterlogging should not be allowed. It is optimal to water by lowering the plant into a vessel with water, as soon as the top layer shines with moisture, the pot is removed, excess water drains and put in a permanent place. In winter, water moderately, depending on the requirements of the plant and the dryness of the air. For irrigation use soft water at room temperature.
Hydration. Adiantum loves frequent spraying, in summer at high temperatures (above 22 ° C), dry air can lead to the death of the fronds, if this happens, cut them off, spray the plant regularly, and new fronds will soon appear. Place the pot in a larger container filled with wet peat or on a tray of wet stones. In winter, the maidenhair should be sprayed with soft warm water every day; if the room is cool, then spraying should be reduced to prevent mold.
Fertilizer. Feed the maidenhair once every three weeks in the summer with half the recommended dose of liquid fertilizer for indoor flowers.
Pruning. Trim only damaged or very old leaves. If, by accident, the maidenhair bush dries up, cut off the dried leaves, and what remains, regularly water and spray twice a day - young leaves will soon appear. Among other things, daily spraying keeps the plant clean. Do not use any preparations to make the leaves glossy.
Transfer. Adiantum is transplanted in the spring (if the plant is cramped in a pot), after the plant begins to start growing. The earth mixture is made up of equal parts of sod, leaf, peat soil and sand (1:1:1:1). Small shards and pieces of charcoal are added to this mixture. When transplanting, dead roots are removed, and living ones are not cut off and, if possible, not damaged, since they grow very slowly. Do not crush the ground too much - ferns love it when the soil at the roots is loose. After transplanting, the plant is watered and sprayed. The pot for planting should be chosen wide.
Reproduction. Adiantum is propagated by dividing the bush and spores.
By dividing the bush an overgrown bush is propagated, usually in the spring, during transplantation. The bush is carefully divided by hand, pay attention to the number of points of growth. If the growth point is one or they are few, then the plant cannot be divided, this can lead to death. Young plants after division do not immediately start growing.
You can try to breed spore plant formed on the underside of the leaves. They are sown in early spring, best of all in a nursery heated from below, where the temperature is maintained at 21 ° C.
Cut off a leaf from the plant and scrape the spores onto paper. Pour a layer of drainage and decontaminated soil into the nursery for sowing seeds. Water the soil well and disperse the spores as evenly as possible. Cover the nursery with glass and place in a dark, warm place. Every day, remove the glass for a short while to ventilate, but do not let the earth dry out. The nursery should be kept in the dark until the plants appear (this will happen in 4-12 weeks). Then move it to a lighted place and remove the glass. As the plants grow, thin them out, leaving the strongest 2.5 cm apart. Young specimens that develop well after thinning can be transplanted into pots with peat soil - 2-3 plants together.
Problems in growing maidenhair
- Sluggish leaves occur due to improper watering.
- Twisting of the leaves (but not dryness) occurs when the soil is excessively moist, the plant stays in a draft, or hypothermia.
- In strong sunlight, the leaves may burn or become too pale.
- If there is too dry air in the room, the leaves begin to fall off, their tips dry, turn yellow and become stained at the base.
- During the period of sporulation of the maidenhair, brown stripes or dots may form on the lower part of the leaf plate. This phenomenon is absolutely normal.
Diseases and pests
If the air in the room is too dry, then the maidenhair may be attacked by a spider mite. A cobweb forms on the stem, and the leaves become lethargic and yellow, and after a while begin to fall off. If the maidenhair is affected by a spider mite, it is necessary to carefully remove the web and rinse the leaves and stem under a warm shower.
The aphid infects the maidenhair on the back of the leaves. The leaves begin to curl, turn yellow and fall off. If the leaves of aphids are damaged, the plant must be treated with special solutions: fitaverm, intavir, etc. After treatment, the maidenhair for prevention can also be bathed under a warm shower
Popular types of maidenhair
Venus hair maidenhair(scientific or Latin name Adiantum capillus-veneris) - is a terrestrial plant with an underground stem. Its rhizome is densely covered with long centimeter scales. Bipinnate leaves differ in the shape of an oval and reach an average of 30 cm in length, 10 cm in width. They have fan-shaped segments and are connected to the stem by a black, rather thin cutting. Spores form at the top of the leaf.
Adiantum formosum- so scientists call the beautiful maidenhair. This is another variety of perennial fern, which also has fairly thin creeping rhizomes. Its leaflets are broadly oval in shape, the segments of which are lobed and diamond-shaped. The average leaf length is 50 cm, and the width is 35 cm. The color is predominantly dark green. The petiole of this species has a rough surface. This maidenhair is not too capricious, so it can fully grow in both warm and cool rooms.
Adiantum cuneatum or wedge-shaped maidenhair- also a kind of fern, the appearance of which resembles a beautiful maidenhair. However, unlike the previous species, it has leaves, on the edge of which there are sori, resembling a horseshoe.
Adiantum hispidulum, aka small-haired maidenhair- refers to herbaceous terrestrial plants. It has creeping rhizomes, which are quite thin in structure. The leaves of this species are finely toothed. The segments differ in the shape of a rhombus, and the stalk, whose length is about 30 cm, is covered with small bristles. It is brown in color, quite strong and relatively long. The spores are in sporangia, densely located on the leaves.
Adiantum tenerum or tender maidenhair- perennial fern with a short creeping rhizome. The leaves are attached to a thin, black, smooth petiole. The average length of the leaf is 60 cm, and the width is 45 cm. Its segments are very delicate, hence the name of this species. The leaves of this fern often fall off, which is associated with the dismemberment of the cutting closer to the top.
Adiantum diaphanum Blume(Translated from Latin, maidenhair is transparent) - is a perennial plant, reaching a maximum height of 40 cm. It has pinnate and two-pinnate leaves with wide oval segments. Their color is predominantly light green. The leaf of this species is characterized by roundness at the top and concavity at the bottom. Thin stalk - 20 cm in length. Reniform sporangia are located along the edges of the leaves, in their upper part.
Adiantum raddianum or Ruddy's maidenhair- a herbaceous terrestrial plant related to perennial ferns. Triperist leaves of this species are distinguished by fan-shaped segments. In their shape, they resemble a triangle, at the base they look wedge-shaped. The average leaf length is 35 cm, and the width is 20 cm. The stalk, like many other types of maidenhair, is thin and long (about 25 cm).
There are many more interesting types of maidenhair: four-pinnate, fast-growing, large-leaved, etc. However, all perennial ferns combine the features of care, reproduction and proper cultivation.
Adiantum - signs
It is known about the adiantum that a person who is in the same room with this fern feels its freshness, in addition, the adiantum reduces the level of nervousness in the atmosphere and inspires complacency.
The healing properties of the maidenhair
Adiantum leaves are a real storehouse of useful substances, among them: triterpenoids, flavonoids, lipids, steroids, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, as well as essential oil. Medicinal powders, infusions, syrups are prepared from the leaves, which have long been widely used in Western Europe. Aqueous extracts have antibacterial properties, infusions and syrups are used as expectorant and antipyretic agents.
Preparations made on the basis of maidenhair are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, diseases of the liver, spleen and bladder.
The juice from the leaves is used as a detoxifier for the bite of a rabid animal, and it is also used to treat malignant ulcers. The most famous, perhaps, is a decoction for rinsing hair, which can reduce the amount of dandruff. If you prepare an alcohol infusion, you can treat psoriasis.
Useful properties of maidenhair
Fern greens contain the following biologically active compounds:
- flavonoids;
- steroids;
- triterpenoids;
- essential oils;
- phenolcarboxylic acids;
- lipids, etc.
Due to the rich composition, the maidenhair is actively used in medicine in Western Europe. On its basis, infusions, syrups, powders, extracts are made. So, the water extract of the fern has an antibacterial effect, and the syrup stimulates expectoration and reduces the temperature.
- Based on this, the maidenhair is actively used to combat diseases of the respiratory system, spleen, liver, and bladder.
- Externally, the juice of the plant is used in the form of lotions and compresses for animal bites (for detoxification), the presence of wounds that do not heal for a long time. Traditional medicine also uses the maidenhair to treat alcoholism.
The cosmetic use of the maidenhair is no less important. A decoction or juice is made from it, which is added to water. Using a similar hair rinse, you can get rid of dandruff and even cure some difficult-to-treat skin diseases.
Toxicity
This fern is not poisonous and is not dangerous for growing in an apartment where there are children and animals.
If on vacation
Before leaving, you should water the maidenhair abundantly, put it in a pan with wet expanded clay, sprinkle the surface of the soil with wet expanded clay. The plant must be placed on the floor. The lack of watering the fern can withstand in the summer no more than a week, so it is better to ask the neighbors to look after it.
Signs and superstitions
Many believe that the appearance of any plant in the house can both improve the atmosphere and worsen it. As for the fern, there are several theories. It is believed that with the advent of the fern, the general atmosphere in the room changes, softens and balances. For example, if there are periodic quarrels in the house due to the quick-tempered, aggressive nature of one of the inhabitants (and that of all), then with the advent of the fern, the person becomes softer, begins to calm down. So if you want peace and prosperity - get a fern.
The fern is also called the flower of the “golden mean”, it seems to balance the internal and external components, helps to open up, find your inner potential. One of the signs is fortune. It is said that this plant helps to "catch luck by the tail." In addition, it protects the owner from unnecessary and impulsive spending. Another of the superstitions is that the maidenhair drives away evil spirits, protecting the house from evil spirits. There are also negative reviews. According to some signs, the appearance of a fern promises illness.
This can be explained for two reasons. Firstly, any fern can cause allergies due to the presence of spores on the underside of the leaf. Secondly, there may be periodic headaches, for example in the morning. The fact is that at night the plant actively absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, and the head hurts from a lack of oxygen. Some believe that the fern is a kind of "energy vampire", absorbing your energy. In this case, it can be placed near a working TV. This is a kind of unfavorable place, where he can absorb a lot of waves and energy. In any case, this is just a plant, and to believe or not, in this or that superstition, is the business of every person. After all, in the end, what you believe in, such a plant will be.
The maidenhair fern is a plant native to South America and some tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It occurs naturally in damp places, often along streams. Its shoots are blackish-brown, "varnished". The fronds are light green, slightly bluish, fragile. The leaves are small, rounded at the top, with sori below. It is traditionally believed that this is a fern for greenhouses, since it has a rather impressive bush size. However, adinatum at home can be grown with no less success. Look on this page for varieties with a photo: beautiful Ruddy and Venus hair, Fragrans and stop-shaped maidenhair create a unique atmosphere of comfort in any residential and office visit. You can learn about caring for this indoor flower from this article. Detailed information about popular varieties is also offered.
Choose from 200 species the best indoor maidenhair (varieties with photos)
How to choose a room adiantum? View its decorative forms in the photo. We choose from 200 species the best variety for indoor cultivation. To do this, we further offer varieties with photos and descriptions of botanical characteristics.
Variety Adiantum Venerin hair turned from wild in the Crimea and the Caucasus into a "guest" of greenhouses and apartments. Its leaves are wedge-shaped, petioles are brown thin. The created clones are not afraid of zero temperature, with weak frosts they drop fronds, but do not die. In dry rooms need spraying. Perfectly coexist with aquariums.
The maidenhair variety Ruddy is a heat-loving, unpretentious fern of South American origin. In his family: Victoria elegans (with graceful branched fronds), Fragrantissima (with large fronds), Fritz Luthii (with triangular small fronds) and many others.
Exotic lovers will love the unusual fine-haired maidenhair. It surprises with diamond-shaped feathery fronds with bristles on both sides. Young plants have a greenish-bronze color.
Variety Beautiful reaches 1 m and is distinguished by a fragile rhizome, with which you should be careful when transplanting. The flower does not tolerate direct sun, drafts and wintering colder than + 20ºС. A shaded greenhouse or florarium with moist warm air and dim lighting is good for him. There should be no excess water in the pots, and spraying should be done over the plant.
The maidenhair variety is propagated by rhizome and division of the bush. It's very hard to do this with a fight. It is better to transplant into a loose rough substrate (peat + coniferous earth + pieces of bark; or peat + leaf earth + expanded clay). Pots are periodically immersed in water. Special fertilizers are used as fertilizers (for ferns).
Adiantum - home care
For the maidenhair fern, proper care at home requires following simple rules:
- for a comfortable life, the plant needs high humidity and abundant watering, the clod of earth should not be dry;
- excess moisture provokes fungal diseases;
- coolness is desirable for wintering, but room temperature is also suitable;
- fronds are excessively fragile, recover slowly, they should be protected from damage;
- the foundations of last year's wai are a supply of nutrients and mechanical protection of the roots;
- branches are easily formed on the rhizomes, therefore transplantation by dividing the bush is acceptable;
- drainage is provided at the bottom of the planting tank;
- the requirements for the substrate are minimal, a mixture of sand with peat, leaf and humus soil is suitable;
- can be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers;
- pests - mealybug and scale insect.
Is there an maidenhair flower ?
When pronouncing the words maidenhair flower, they mean a fern living in room conditions. After all, a fern flower is a mythical and unprecedented phenomenon of a magical untouched forest. In the distant past, the plant was called secretly married, because, unlike flowering plants, it hid the secret of its reproduction for a long time. Whether it exists in reality - no one knows.
While the green miracle does not sporulate, its main difference from flowering ones is the development (unfolding) of young leaves and their growth in length. In flowering leaves, snails are excluded, and they grow at the base or evenly along the edge. A special term has been coined to designate a fern leaf - frond. The maidenhair fern itself got its name from the Latin “not to wet” for the ability of wai not to absorb water droplets, but to let them roll off. At the same time, the leaves are very delicate, unlike the petioles, which look like wire.
A representative of the flora ready for reproduction has brown spots at the bottom of the wai. These are spore-bearing zones (sori) from which "dust" is separated. Sowing disputes according to the forces of botanists. Therefore, it is better to purchase a fern in a store or floriculture.
Green maidenhair decorates even a photo of greenhouses immensely. Its decorative effect, openwork of foliage, elegance of forms delight. Designers advise decorating them with winter gardens and home interiors. After all, some species easily tolerate indoor wintering in dry, warm air and do not require much light.
Are we growing poison or medicine?
A special chemical composition distinguishes ferns from other plants. In nature, they do not serve as food for animals and are not edible for almost all insects. They are loved only by a shield that can harm. Do we end up growing a poison or an effective medicine when cultivating this plant? Let's try to understand this issue.
An amazing property is the presence of bactericidal substances in the “body”. Crushed rhizomes can be used as a substrate for orchids and epiphytic bromeliads.
There is no strong poison in the leaves, but it is impossible to try them on the tooth, having learned about the bactericidal properties. For example, maidenhair fragrans contains analogues of hormones and unsafe biological substances.
Pharmacy water extracts, infusions, powders, syrups are useful. Due to its antibacterial activity, fern heals the respiratory tract and serves as an antipyretic. Back in the 1st century AD. they strengthened their hair. Caucasian women still prepare infusions to add shine to their hairstyles.
To go through all the stages of working with adiantum - from sowing spores to making an infusion - is a cognitive process. A steamed substrate should be placed in a plastic or glazed pot (equally peat, stale sawdust and brick chips). Compact the mixture and cover with another 1.5 mm of brick chips. Spray with soft water from a spray bottle and sow.
To begin with, they take clean paper and put spore-bearing vayu on it. The flown brown dust (spores) is evenly scattered on the ground in a pot, sprayed, and the pot itself is covered with glass. With diffused light and relative coolness, sprouts may appear within a month. The density is thinned out with tweezers, the growths are poured in order to connect male and female gametes. With luck, after fertilization, young ferns will appear.
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