Plum varieties: photo, characteristics and description. Types and varieties of plums: main characteristics What types of plums are garden plums
Plum: the best varieties
60 good varieties of plums
Despite the wide distribution of plums in amateur gardening, its assortment is extremely scarce. Mainly Early maturing red and its derivatives. And Volga beauty, Smolinka, Tula black, Renklod Soviet, Eurasia 21, Ochakov yellow. These varieties have been grown and sold in nurseries for many years. But they all have significant drawbacks.
WITH korospelka red gives small fruits with a very mediocre taste (3.7-3.8 points). The Volga beauty freezes a lot and is very sensitive to soil moisture. And at Smolinki berries fall very quickly. In addition, these plums have another unpleasant property.- fruiting frequency. Good harvests can only be obtained once every three to four years.
Meanwhile, hundreds of very good varieties are cultivated in Russia. But information about them, unfortunately, is extremely scarce. We have tested about 400 varieties by dowsing. The best of them, and there were more than 60 of them, are tested in practice.
Plum varieties - from the earliest to the latest
By maturity, we divide all varieties into five groups. Super early- These are the ones that bear fruit in July. The early ones ripen from 1 to 10 August. Mid-season give a harvest from 10 to 25 August. Late-ripening ones delight us with berries from August 25 to September 10. And, finally, very late-ripening ones ripen from September 10th. Let's talk briefly about the varieties of each of these groups.
Super early plum varieties
July . Differs in large (up to 50 g) fruits of red color with a violet shade. They have very sweet dark yellow flesh.
Golden ball. It is not for nothing that this variety received such a name. Golden-yellow round berries with peach flavor ripen on the tree. They cluster tightly around the trunk, almost like sea buckthorn. Nevertheless, they ripen quite large (average weight- about 40 g, and the maximum- up to 60 g). The disadvantage can be considered a slight sourness at the bone. The golden ball is fast-growing, it begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. The yield is very high.
The elite seedling 85-80 showed itself well with red-burgundy round-heart-shaped fruits. Berry weight- up to 40-45 g, the pulp is sweet.
Zarechnaya early. The variety is winter-hardy, productive, the stone is easily separated from the pulp. The fruits are large (35-45 g), oval, dark purple.
Hope (9-76-2). The tree is small and compact. The fruits are medium in size and weight (about 30 g), blue, elongated.
early plum varieties
Alyonushka. This beautiful variety is already enjoying well-deserved popularity among gardeners. It is distinguished by increased frost resistance of flower buds. The berries are round, red, weigh about 40 g. The pulp is sweet with spice.
Early. Also a famous variety. It is winter-hardy, and, as the name implies, it is very early. Sometimes trees begin to please us with a harvest already in the second year after planting. The fruits are large (up to 40 g), excellent taste.
Kyrgyz excellent. An excellent variety, deserves the widest distribution. It is quite winter-hardy, the yield is high. The fruits are very large (from 60 to 100 g), dark red, sweet.
Ball. This is one of the best varieties. Medium sized tree, compact, productive and hardy. The fruits are round, red at the beginning of ripening, and at the end- burgundy blue. Weigh up to 50 g, excellent taste. The stone is small, well separated from the pulp.
Mid-season plum varieties
Souvenir of the East. The variety is very productive, but, unfortunately, it is not winter-hardy enough. Although, grafted into the crown of the turn, it feels good. The berries are large (50-60 g), maroon, heart-shaped. The pulp is dense, sweet, the taste is honey with spice.
Memory of Vavilov. The tree is medium-sized, quite winter-hardy. The yield is high. The fruits are very large (70-90 g), amber in color, excellent taste.
Romain. A very unusual variety. The leaves are red, and the flesh of the fruit is also red. This is a seedling of a fairly well-known variety Krasnomyasaya. However, it differs from the parent in the small size of the crown and smaller (30-35 g) berries. They are burgundy in color, heart-shaped, with an almond flavor.
Duke. As well as Duce, Dyuga, all three names are found in the literature. The variety is distinguished by green-yellow fruits weighing 30-35 g with “beaks” at the end.
Variety Beauty of the Oryol region berries also have beaks. But they are red, rounded. Weight- 40-45 g, the pulp is sweet.
Late ripe plum varieties
Zhiguli. It is characterized by maroon fruits weighing 40-45 g. The pulp is dense, of good taste.
Primorskaya plentiful. The variety is quite winter-hardy, very productive. Medium sized tree. Berries are elongated, burgundy, heart-shaped, weight- 30-45
Svetlana. A tree with yellow crispy fruits weighing 30-40 g. Productivity and frost resistance are high.
About variety red meat we have already mentioned. The fruits of this plum are dark red, large (up to 60 g). The flesh is red, with an almond flavor.
Renklod Altana. This is an old variety, but it cannot be discounted. Until now, it is one of the best late plum varieties. The fruits are large (up to 50 g), beautiful, amber-violet color with a reddish-blue wax coating, good taste.
Very late ripening plum varieties
Unfortunately, there are still too few such varieties. And those that are, sin with small fruit, and their berries are far from the best taste. Perhaps the only variety that we could recommend- Canadian vision. It is winter-hardy, high-yielding. The fruits are large (50-70 g), burgundy-violet. The pulp is juicy, excellent taste. The bone separates well.
Khabarovsk will not freeze
Recently, the eyes of many gardeners are increasingly directed to the East. And not because it's nice and warm there. The Far East and Khabarovsk have never spoiled their residents with good weather. But it was there that varieties of plums were bred, which are distinguished by high winter hardiness, the ability to easily endure stressful situations. Although they are sometimes not large enough, they are always tasty, but always fruitful. Khabarovsk varieties have long been known to our gardeners. Especially those like Khabarovsk early, Pineapple, Amur rose. Many good varieties were bred at the Primorskaya experimental station by the breeder Lyudmila Gennadievna Setkova. These are varieties that have already fallen in love with gardeners. Lyudmila, Antonina, Svetlana, Walnut, Krasnomyasaya, Gooseberry. Less common Effect, Hope, Primorskaya plentiful, Ball. All varieties of Khabarovsk and Far Eastern selection feel great in our region and deserve attention.
In recent years, American and Canadian varieties have gained increasing popularity. Moreover, if American women (such as Vaneta, Duke ) is not hardy enough, then Canadian plums are quite suitable for our area. Well proven Pembina, Vision, Stanley.
Green vases
The vast majority of the varieties described by us are propagated exclusively by grafting. As rootstocks, it is best to use winter-hardy forms of turn. This plant is characterized by low growth, excellent compatibility with many varieties of plums, great winter hardiness and unpretentiousness. For frost-resistant plums, the turn is used as a stamping agent. Vaccination in this case is carried out at a height of 50-60 cm. For non-frost-resistant, it is used as a skeleton former. Graft into skeletal branches, but not closer than 30 cm from the trunk.
The plum crown is best formed in the shape of a vase. We remove the central conductor, leaving 5-6 lower branches. With this method of formation, it is easier to maintain the height of the tree at the required level (about 3 m). In addition, conditions are created for better illumination of the crown, which naturally affects the size, yield and taste of the fruit. And the rest of the agricultural technology is ordinary, we have no special secrets. Large-fruited varieties require a lot of potassium. Therefore, we carry out 3-fold spraying of trees with potassium humate. Winter watering is also necessary, but for some reason many gardeners forget about it.
If you have any questions, please write to: 603062, Nizhny Novgorod-62, PO Box 97, Yuri Petrovich Kriulev.
V. V. Lunev, Yu. P. Kriulev
29.03.2002
Plum: promising varieties
World production of plum fruits is about 4 million tons, which is 2 times more than the production of cherries and sweet cherries combined. And this is not accidental, since the nutritional, preventive and therapeutic value of plums is very high.
Plum fruits contain about 12% sugars, 1% pectin, 1.5% organic acids and 18% solids, and in terms of the content of carotene, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and other biologically active substances, they surpass the fruits of strawberries, cherries, sweet cherries and apple trees .
Plums are used to make jam, marmalade, compotes, marinades, liqueurs, juices, confectionery, etc. Dried plum fruits are of particular value.- prunes, which are well and long stored and are an excellent preventive and therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis, hypertension, diseases of the kidneys, gastrointestinal system and many others. Prunes are needed to improve brain activity and especially memory.
Plum is less winter-hardy and more thermophilic than cherry, pear and apple, so more favorable places should be chosen for its planting. In the Central region of Russia, it is better to plant it in the middle part of the southeastern or southern, not steep (up to 1-2 °) slope, well lit, especially in the morning. Good place for plums- near the south side of the house, a fence or specially made shields covered with white paint, which will improve the illumination and thermal conditions of the trees, as well as protect them from cold northern winds.
The garden soil should be highly fertile (at least 3% humus), warm, light (sandy or loamy), almost neutral (pH 6-7) and, most importantly, with a subsoil deeply permeable to air and water, as well as low (at least 3 m) occurrence of groundwater.
Planting scheme for seedlings 5 x 3 m. But before you start planting, you need to decide which variety to choose for growing. And here scientists come to the rescue.
In 1971-2007, 65 varieties of plums were studied in the Michurinsky Garden of the TSKhA: Alyonushka, Pineapple, Artistic, Bogatyrskaya, Hungarian Moscow, Volga beauty, Harmony, Dashenka, Dessert red, Eurasia-21, Eurasia-4Z, Eurasia fruitful Susova M2, Yellow hopty, Zarechnaya early, Candy, Cooperative, Red ball, Cromal, Large , Malakhovskaya Dessert, Masha, Mirnaya, Narach, Okskaya, Opal, Opata, Ochakov yellow, Timiryazev's Memory, Finaev's Memory, Peresvet, Excellent, Basement, Prirechnaya, Early Yellow, Record, Enikeeva's Renklod, Kolkhoz's Renklod, Kuibyshevsky's Renklod, Leah's Renklod, Renklod Soviet, Renklod Tambov, Renklod Kharitonova, Sister of the Dawn, Markov's Plum, Blue bird, Early maturing, Red early maturing, New early maturing, Smolinka, Start, Stanley, Souvenir of the East, Kuibyshev Ternosliva M 6, Tula black, Morning, Violet, Enchantress, Chemalskaya , Prunes Susova, Edinburgh, ELSE-R (Enikeeva-Rozina), Emma, Etude, Egg blue, M 44-91.
Purpose of the study- the study of the main economic and biological characteristics of varieties: winter hardiness, early maturity, yield, resistance to diseases, as well as the timing of ripening, taste, size and color of fruits. Signs were evaluated on a 5-point system. The color of the fruit was indicated by the letters:- yellow, K- red, S- blue, T- dark, F- purple, H- black. The table shows data characterizing the 12 best varieties.
Table of homemade plum varieties. Points
Variety |
Winter- stamina |
yield |
Stable. to diseases |
Taste |
fruit size |
fruit coloring |
Sum |
Zarechnaya early |
20,0 |
||||||
Candy |
21,5 |
||||||
cooperative |
KF |
22,5 |
|||||
skoroplodnaya |
LCD |
21,0 |
|||||
Alyonushka |
TC |
21,5 |
|||||
Masha |
SF |
23,5 |
|||||
Renklod Kharitonova |
TF |
22,0 |
|||||
EPSER |
21,5 |
||||||
Bogatyrskaya |
TF |
23,0 |
|||||
Dashenka |
TS |
22,5 |
|||||
Early ripening new |
21,5 |
||||||
Stanley |
21,0 |
From the data in the table it follows:
Best varieties: early- cooperative , from average - Masha , from late-- Bogatyrskaya ;
The most winter-hardy varieties: Mashenka, ELSE-R and Dashenka;
The most productive varieties: Skoroplodnaya, Mashenka, Bogatyrskaya, Early ripening new;
The most resistant to diseases (moniliosis and clasterosporia) varieties: Cooperative and Bogatyrskaya;
The most delicious fruits in varieties: Candy, Cooperative, Alyonushka, Masha, Renklod Kharitonova, Bogatyrskaya;
The largest fruits in varieties: Stanley, Alyonushka, Mashenka, Dashenka.
According to the sum of points for economic and biological characteristics, the best variety is Masha , which, moreover, is characterized by unusual precocity: it begins to bear fruit from the third year after planting and very quickly increases the yield on young trees.
It should be noted that the Chinese plum varieties Alyonushka and Skoroplodnaya mutually pollinate well, so they need to be planted close to each other, since they are not pollinated by other varieties of domestic plums and do not pollinate them themselves. Varieties Alyonushka And skoroplodnaya they are highly frost-resistant, but not particularly winter-hardy, as they suffer from the undergrowth of the stem base bark in rainy autumn weather and warm, snowy winters. Therefore, it is advisable to grow them on stem and skeleton-forming plants and plant them not in a planting hole, but in a flower bed. This is especially important if the garden is located in a low, damp place with close groundwater levels.
Noteworthy and variety Finaev's memory not included in the table. It has such features as extreme precocity and productivity, its fruits have an excellent taste, but, unfortunately, in rainy and cold weather, it is strongly affected by moniliosis and clasterosporiasis. It can be recommended only to those gardeners whose plots are located in dry, sunny and hot places.
V. Susov , Honored Agronomist of Russia
In this article, we will get acquainted with the description of the most popular plum varieties in our country. Plum is one of the most common crops in the gardens of Russians. It has about 250 species, and its varieties obtained by crossing simply cannot be counted. Asia is considered her homeland, but she is firmly entrenched in our areas.
Plum Yellow
People are usually accustomed to seeing plums of purple, blue hues on tables and store shelves. But there are varieties that have completely different colors. The yellow plum is one of them. It was obtained by crossing cherry plum, wild plum. This hybrid, due to its sweetish taste, is suitable for preparing various sweets, as well as for fresh consumption. Consider some varieties of yellow plum.
Honey
- It is not for nothing that she has such a name. It is associated with its extraordinary honey taste, which experts rate 4.5 points out of a possible 5.
- It can be grown even in the cold regions of our country. Rounded fruits reach 50 g. Under optimal growth conditions, one tree, 5 m high, produces up to 30 kg of berries with yellow, juicy flesh and easily separated seeds.
- The plant has an early ripening period, the first harvest can be enjoyed already in early August. She is self-fertile. As a pollinator, it is recommended to plant Hungarian, Renklod Karbysheva next to her.
- Trees can easily tolerate short-term drought and frost. They can be grown in any climate. Unfavorable weather does not affect the quality of the crop. Fruit can be transported without damaging it.
- "Honey" is not distinguished by the complexity of agricultural technology. Fruits are suitable for preservation, any other types of processing. Of the shortcomings, gardeners note the impressive size of the plant, which requires a large area.
Morning
- Obtained by the work of Russian scientists, by crossing Renklod Ullens and Red Early. Tree of medium height.
- The berries are yellowish-green in color, with a small pink area on the sunny side. The taste is pleasant, weighing about 26 g. The fruits are very fragrant. But the first harvest can be harvested only after 3-4 years, after planting a tree. A huge advantage of the variety is that it is self-fertile.
- The first fruits are harvested in early, mid-August. From one small tree, up to 15 kg of fruits are obtained, which have an excellent presentation.
- Plants are undemanding to care for themselves. Among the shortcomings can be noted, instability to spring frosts, average resistance to pests, diseases. For the winter, to protect against severe frosts, it must be additionally covered.
Firefly
- This is another type of plum, with a yellow skin. "Firefly" is a cultivar of the Domashnaya plum.
- Trees, with an average fruit ripening period, reach a height of up to 5 m. The fruits are spherical in shape, weigh 30-40 g. The peel, yellow flesh. The stone is easily separated from the inside of the berries. The taste of the fruit is sweet, with a slight sourness. Suitable for both harvesting and fresh consumption.
- Fruiting begins 2 years after planting.
- Considered frost resistant. It tolerates drought well. The plant bears fruit every year. But only with the right pollinators. The names of varieties that can pollinate it have not yet been definitely identified.
Some sources refer to "firefly" pollinators:
- Renklod collective farm
- Record
- Greenclod fruitful
Plum Renklod
Under this name, different varieties of the same species are combined - domestic plum. Western Europe is considered to be the birthplace of Renklod plums. These are trees with a height of 5 to 7 m. Berries are egg-shaped. Their color, depending on the variety, can be from yellow-green to purple. The skin is matte.
This group received special value for its taste qualities. The fruits inside are soft, juicy, sweet. Yield is directly dependent on weather conditions. They can bear fruit even once every few years.
The most famous varieties from the Renklod group:
- Green
- Enikeeva
- Soviet
- Blue
- presidential
- Michurinsky
- Karbysheva
- Kuibyshevsky
- Tatar
- Ulena
Let's consider some of them in more detail.
- Low trees, no higher than 3 m. It belongs to cold-resistant, high-yielding varieties. Can tolerate 25-30oC frosts. Trees do not affect most of the diseases characteristic of this crop.
- Fruiting begins at 4-5 years of plant growth, in the central part of the country at the end of summer. One tree annually produces 10-15 kg of fruits with a dark purple skin, weighing 40 g.
- Inside the juicy, yellow pulp is a seed, which is easily separated from the main part of the fruit.
- The taste of the Soviet plum is not very sweet, but without a sour taste. It is mainly eaten fresh, as it is not suitable for heat treatment.
Kharitonovskaya
- It is not resistant to strong drops in air temperature, so it cannot be planted in cold regions of the country. Low-growing plants bear fruit every year, 4-5 years after planting.
- Large juicy fruits of a rounded shape, weighing an average of 45 g, can be used for any purpose. Their skin is purple. The inside is red-yellow. The seed is deepened into it, which departs well from the pulp.
- From one plant, 18-22 kg of crop is harvested, which can be easily transported. Fruits can be used both immediately after harvesting and can be used to make jams, compotes, etc.
- Considered a drought tolerant variety. Resistance to clasterosporiosis was noted.
White
- The name is associated with the color of the fruit. It was obtained by Ukrainian breeders by crossing varieties Peach, Jefferson.
- On a tree, about 4 m high, berries are formed, weighing 35-40 g for the 3rd year of planting. They taste pleasant, sweet, fragrant. The pulp is white, juicy.
- The seed is easily separated from the main part of the fruit. Fruiting occurs at the end of July, beginning of August. The harvested crop can be easily transported.
- White Reclod can be consumed fresh or used for preparations. But after canning, heat treatment, products obtained from this variety do not have a very good presentation.
- Trees tolerate cold well - up to -30 ° C, drought. The variety is self-infertile.
As a pollinator should be planted:
- Renklod Green
- Donetsk early
- Renklod Altana
- Hungarian Donetsk
Plum Hungarian
Plums Hungarian is a group of varieties that can grow in different climatic conditions. Their agricultural technology is not difficult, so this group is suitable for growing gardeners for beginners.
Trees up to 6 m high. Their fruits are ellipsoid in shape, different shades of blue, purple. Inside the berries are dense, yellow. They bear fruit every year. Most Hungarian fruits do not require pollinator varieties to be planted with them.
The berries of this group of plants are used to make prunes. Hungarians bear fruit well, are resistant to drought, suitable for storage, transportation, but the first harvest can be harvested no earlier than 6 years after planting.
Stanley
- Variety Plum Home, related to the "Hungarian". These trees are native to the USA. In Russia, it is recommended to plant it in the southern regions, the North Caucasus.
- Plants of medium height, form purple berries weighing about 45 g.
- Inside they are dense, medium juiciness. The flesh is yellow-green, granular. The taste of the fruit is delicious, with a slight sourness.
To obtain prunes, most often, this variety is used.
Plum Columnar
This type of plum appeared in our country several decades ago. But it came to "taste" to many gardeners. Its main difference can be considered an extremely narrow crown - 80 cm. Columnar plum varieties are convenient to plant in small areas, as they do not have spreading branches. But such plants have a significant drawback - they do not tolerate low temperatures.
Columnar plum does not differ in a large number of varieties.
The most famous:
- Imperial (pink fruits)
- Mirabelle (yellow berries)
- Blue Sweet (purple fruits)
These are small trees, about 2 m high, produce up to 16 kg of fruits. They can be used both fresh and for jam, jam, etc. Fruiting begins at 3 years of age. The yield is growing every year.
Imperial
- Bred by Russian breeders. It has not yet received wide distribution in our country. Low-growing trees do not grow above 2.5 m. They do not tolerate drought, but are frost-resistant.
- The low height of the plants makes them easy to care for. They practically do not need to be cut, the harvesting process does not require the use of a ladder.
- In areas with cold winters, young seedlings require additional cover.
- Its fruits are round in shape, weigh 45-60 g. They are formed a year after planting in a permanent place. The thick peel is painted in different shades of pink, purple. But there are instances of a darker color. Inside they are yellow, juicy, pleasant to the taste.
- Fruiting occurs in mid-August. One plant pleases 10-12 kg of berries. They do not immediately crumble from the tree, so you can collect them gradually.
- "Imperial" can be transported, stored unprocessed for up to 1.5 weeks. The quality of the fruits makes it possible to prepare compotes, preserves, jams from them.
Chinese plum
China is considered the birthplace of this plum. Its varieties are most often distributed in our country in the Far East, Siberia.
The main features of the Chinese plum are their early fruiting, rapid growth. The first crop from the trees is harvested 1-2 years after planting. As the plant ages, the number of fruits per plant increases.
In large-fruited varieties, berries reach 120 g. Depending on the variety, their peel can be yellow, red, purple, orange. They are well stored, suitable for long-distance transportation.
The pulp is sweet, with a strong aroma and a fused bone that is not easy to separate. But in terms of taste, they are much inferior to homemade plums. Consider some varieties in more detail.
Alyonushka
- This is a variety of Chinese plum, which was bred specifically for cultivation in the middle part of our country. Obtained by breeding two varieties of Chinese plum.
- This variety has not yet become widespread in Russia. Due to its cold resistance, it is suitable for cultivation on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus. It is considered resistant to moniliosis, clasterosporiasis. But she is susceptible to aphids.
- Alyonushka is a small tree, with an average height of 2.2 m. The fruits are large, weighing up to 50 g. Spherical in shape. They taste like peach.
- The skin is colored in different shades of red, pink. The berries inside are juicy, sweet, sour, orange. Fruits with a medium size stone, which is difficult to separate from the pulp.
- Alyonushka plums ripen early. They can be transported over long distances. But they are not suitable for storage. It is best to use them raw.
- Next to this tree, it is necessary to plant other varieties - pollinators, since it is self-fertile. The best "neighbors" for Alyonushka are early ripe varieties of Chinese plums, cherry plums.
skoroplodnaya
- Suitable for growing in the coldest regions of the Moscow region. Can withstand temperatures as low as -40 C.
- A small tree, no higher than 2.5 m. The color of the fruit can be from yellow to red. One berry weighs about 30 g. Inside it is juicy, with moderately dense orange-colored pulp and an inseparable bone. Tastes sweet, sour. The smell is reminiscent of melon.
- Fruiting begins a year later, after planting in late July, early August. Up to 30 kg of crop can be harvested from one tree. But to get berries, next to it it is necessary to plant other varieties - pollinators. "Skoroplodnaya" is demanding on the process of pollination. For a neighborhood with her, it is better to choose cherry plum hybrids, the Red Ball variety.
- The plant is resistant to clasterosporiosis.
For storage for a long time, the early-fruited plum is harvested unripe.
Souvenir of the East
- The variety was obtained by hybridization of the Giant plum, Veniaminova Zarya. Fruits have a good trade dress. The taste is similar to peach. Mostly used for fresh consumption.
- Dark red berries, weighing about 40 g. On the cut, you can see the orange, juicy pulp, which contains a small seed.
- On a tree 2.5 m high, the first fruits begin to ripen in mid-August. But for this, it is recommended to plant a Giant plum next to it. Subject to the presence of a pollinator, 1 plant can produce up to 45 kg of yield.
- Cases of damage to plants by clasterosporiosis have been noted. Winter hardiness is average.
Plum Red meat
One of the late varieties of Chinese plum, which combines many varieties. Fruiting begins in mid-August. These are trees of medium height, not higher than 2.5 m, with a crown in the form of a ball.
Plums are painted in dark crimson color, weigh about 25 g. It tastes sweet and sour, with a strong aroma. Inside the raspberry pulp is a small bone, easily separated from the main part.
- This is a hybrid obtained by Russian breeders. "Eurasia" - one of the varieties of Plum Domashnaya. A plant with early ripening berries.
- Harvest begins to be harvested in early August for the 5th year of the plant's life. Under good weather conditions, care for 1 tree can please 50 kg of berries.
- The crop must be harvested immediately after ripening, as the plums quickly begin to fall off the tree. The variety is not suitable for transportation.
- A tall tree can reach a height of up to 6 m. The fruits become maroon in color after ripening. They taste sweetish, with sourness. The mass of one of them is on average 30 g. The pulp of the berries is granular. On the cut, the plum is orange.
- Can tolerate cold down to -20oC. The tree takes root easily after planting.
"Eurasia" is not able to independently pollinate.
- Spherical shape. The fruits on the cut are red, juicy. The seed is easily separated from the pulp.
- The taste of "Starting" is sweet, there is a sour taste. They can be used in any form. They tolerate transportation well.
- The variety is zoned in the central part of the country. It is considered a cold hardy plant. But it grows and bears fruit best in areas with slight drops in air temperature in winter.
- The plant is self-fertile. It shows high yields only when there are pollinators nearby.
Plum Giant
This variety combines many varieties of large-fruited plums. Their name is associated with a large mass of fruits, which, when ripe, can be up to 110 g.
The trees are strong. The first crop is harvested 3 years after planting, in mid-September. Suitable for transportation over long distances.
The fruits can be consumed in any form. The color of the peel, depending on the subspecies, can be either light shades of red or purple. The berries are yellow inside. The seed is separated from the pulp with difficulty.
"Giant" is not distinguished by the sweetness of berries. When planting in the middle part of Russia, the plant must be covered for the winter. Low temperatures can affect the size and taste of fruits.
To obtain high yields, the tree requires regular care.
The most popular varieties of "Giant":
- Top Giant Plus
- Giant Burbank
Giant Burbank
- The variety is named after the breeder who worked on breeding the plant. The fruits of the variety are large, like all giants. On average, 100 g. But according to some sources, their mass can be up to 250 g. It bears fruit abundantly.
- Inside the berry is bright red, with a small seed. This variety is used for the manufacture of prunes.
- Plums are able to hang on a tree for a long time even after ripening. Suitable for transportation over long distances.
- The trees are resistant to moniliosis. The variety is considered cold-resistant, early-growing.
We traditionally associate with the Caucasus. However, in reality, the area of natural growth of cherry plum is much wider - from the foothills of the Alps in the west to the northern spurs of the Himalayan mountains in the east. Therefore, breeders consider cherry plum the most valuable of all types of plums found in natural conditions. In Western Europe and the Mediterranean, it is called mirabelle (P. myrobalana).
Grows in the third layer or in the undergrowth of forest phytocenoses, in shrubs and along rivers. Light-loving, but shade-tolerant mesophyte, mesotherm, mesotroph, assectator of undergrowth and shrubs. Protected in nature reserves.
Shrub or tree 10(15) m tall, with broadly ovoid crown and reddish-brown, prickly shoots. The leaves are simple, elliptical, up to 4 cm long, dark green, yellow in autumn. The flowers are white, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, solitary, rarely two, on rather long pedicels. Fruits - spherical drupes with different colors, with sweet and sour pulp, edible. Blossoms before blooming of leaves within 7-11 days. In the autumn, secondary insignificant flowering is sometimes observed.
In GBS since 1938, 6 samples (24 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from natural habitats, Alma-Ata and reproductions of GBS. At the age of 53, height 7.6 m, crown diameter 400 cm. Plant grows from 25.IV15 to 30.1X ± 15 for 158 days. The growth rate is low. Blooms from 10.V±7 to 23.V+11 for 12 days. It bears fruit from the age of 10, the fruits ripen 4.1X ± 19. Seed viability 100%, germination rate 100%. Rooted 52% cuttings (without processing). Winter hardiness is average.
Insufficiently winter-hardy, freezes slightly in Central Russia, suitable for southern regions. Propagated by seeds. It grows rapidly, but after 15 years, growth significantly weakens. It is very drought-resistant, undemanding to the soil, but prefers soft, clay, tolerates even a slight salinity. It tolerates urban conditions well, annually blooms profusely and bears fruit. A valuable fruit crop, good in landscaping, as it belongs to early and abundantly flowering species. It can be used for single and group plantings, creating hedges.
Prunus divaricate "Nigra"
Photo by Nadezhda Dmitrieva
Its decorative forms are very good: Purpusa(f. purpusii); weeping(f. pendula) - with branches lowered down.
"Atropurpurea". A low tree with purple leaves and pink flowers, which later turn into dark red fruits. It can often be seen in the villages of the southern strip of Russia. Dark purple trees immediately catch the eye against the background of familiar greenery.
"Hessei". Shrub form of medium (1-2 m) size. The leaves are first pale green, and then bronze-purple with uneven creamy yellowish or pink edging. In mid-spring, snow-white flowers abundantly cover the branches.
"Nigra". This form has such a dark purple foliage color that it seems almost black. A very showy small (about 7 m) tree with a rounded crown. Blooms profusely from early spring to mid-spring with pink flowers, gradually turning red. Shoots, like leaves , have a black and purple color.If you purchased planting material for these plants from a Western European company, then it is advisable to plant it in the most benign conditions, in well-heated places.Shelter for the winter will not hurt, especially at a young age.
"Purpusii". Dark purple leaves with yellow and white shiny spots.
"Rosea". The leaves of this small (up to 10 m) tree are bronze-purple at first, then become bronze-green and completely green in late summer. Small salmon-pink flowers fade with time. They appear on purple shoots before the leaves appear.
There are also purple-leaved varieties " trailblazer" - blooms after "Nigra" and " Woodii"- it has dark purple leaves throughout the growing season.
Cherry plum refers to one of the original diploid species, the full Latin name of which sounds like cherry-like plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.). He a less specific characteristic is also contained in another name for the species - splayed plum (Prunus divaricata Ldb.). In order to somehow distinguish these two names from each other, taxonomists decided to refer cultivated forms to the first, and call wild forms to the second. Experts even talk about three significantly different subspecies - typical cherry plum (wild Caucasian), eastern cherry plum (wild Central Asian) and large-fruited cherry plum, known in culture for a long time. In turn, the subspecies of large-fruited cherry plum has well-defined varieties, also confined to the ancient regions of its cultivation: typical (Crimean), Armenian, Georgian, Iranian, red-leaved (pissard) and Tauride. Moreover, some scientists propose to distinguish the Balkan and Indian varieties of cherry plum. The differences between the varieties are due to the fact that each area of cultivation had its own tasks. So, in Georgia, forms with tart, sour fruits of bright red color, which are used to make hot sauces, were especially welcomed - this is a group of tkemals. In Crimea, on the contrary, the emphasis was on palatability and large-fruitedness, and it was from here that the first domestic varieties of large-fruited cherry plum with a magnificent dessert taste of fresh fruits came from in modern times.
Cherry plum is very often called mirabelle, which is a botanical error, since mirabelle refers to a different type of plum with a much larger number of chromosomes. Probably, the confusion is due to consonance with another designation of cherry plum - myrobalan, which is accepted in Western European fruit growing for the cultivated cherry plum group.
The next widespread misconception is the opinion that the vast majority of cherry plum forms have yellow fruits. Actually it is not. The color of cherry plum fruits is dominated by red, although the spectrum here is quite wide - from pale yellow and green to purple and almost black. The shape of the fruit is also very different - from rounded to teardrop-shaped and elongated. In some varieties, a funnel at the stalk and a ventral suture are well expressed.
But the gamut of flavor shades of cherry plum fruits is especially rich. Such a variety of aromas associated with the taste of other fruits, up to exotic ones, cannot be found in any fruit plant. Unfortunately, the poor separability of the stone from the pulp remains not a very desirable quality of the fruit, which creates some inconvenience during processing. However, the biggest drawback of typical cherry plum varieties is low winter hardiness. Despite the fact that many varieties, such as Pionerka, Purple, Krasavitsa, Nikitskaya yellow, Kurortnaya, Neberdzhayskaya early, Tsiteli drosha, Gazapkhulis mertskhali, formed the basis of the southern assortment, when cultivating them, one constantly has to take into account the factor of weak frost resistance even in the regions of zoning, not to mention already about more northern.
Another very important feature of cherry plum is its good compatibility with representatives of its ploidy group, which was used by many breeders when breeding interspecific hybrids. Moreover, scientists came to the conclusion about the ability of cherry plum to interbreed with representatives of close genera and produce fertile offspring. So, according to morphological features, it has been established that a bare-fruited peach, nectarine, is nothing more than an intergeneric hybrid of peach and cherry plum that naturally arose in nature and then “tamed” by man, and the Ferghana plum growing in Pamir-Alay and the Tien Shan is also a naturally occurring hybrid between cherry plum and almond. there is even a hybrid between cherry plum and apricot - the so-called black apricot, similar in fruit quality to cherry plum, in flavor close to apricot.
Photo by Shishunova Natalia
Plum- occupies a prominent place in the gardens of Russia. And its adaptability to the most diverse living conditions allowed its varieties to grow successfully on a vast territory from the Caucasus to Siberia and the Far East. There are about two dozen plum species, but only a few of them “took part” in the formation of the assortment of this crop. The main thing in the formation of varieties in the European part of the former USSR is the domestic plum, and in Siberia and the Far East, the Chinese plum, and the prickly sloe, American plum, Bessey also "participated". But the main one on an industrial scale and in home gardens was the "home" plum.
Of greatest importance for Russia and, especially for cultivation in gardens of several hectares, are varieties of plums created on the basis of the house plum.
The value of a plum is determined by its precocity, a good and annual harvest, and the high taste of its fruits. Plums can be boiled, pickled, made into juice and jam. Dried-smoked prunes are made from some varieties.
Early plum varieties: description of varieties
Early varieties allow you to get delicious fruits early. But they have a more watery taste and little sweetness, they are good both on their own and as a basis for canning for the winter.
Eurasia 21- a tree of strong growth, with a spreading multidirectional crown. The plum is round, large, weighing up to 33 grams, reddish-burgundy, has a strong wax coating. Ripens early, from late July or early August. The flesh is yellowish-orange in color, the juiciness is good, sour, the aroma is present. The taste is not rich enough. The stone is medium in size, flattened-oval, slightly separable from the pulp. Fruits for making juice with pulp (with sugar) or jam. The plant has sterile pollen. It is better to use for pollination those varieties of plums, the flowering time of which coincides with the flowering of Eurasia 21. The tree gives the first plums in five years. The yield is high and stable. In the rain, pollination is worse and the yield is reduced. From one tree they collect from 50 to 100 kg. Withstands temperature drops in the soil down to -20°C. Therefore, it is a good stock for many varieties. It has normal resistance to rot and other diseases. The bad news is that this plum can grow to enormous size if not properly pruned.. |
honey white- is called so, due to its excellent taste, reminiscent of May honey. The variety was obtained in Donetsk. The tree is vigorous, can grow up to five meters. The crown is not dense. It blooms early, but is self-fertile and needs pollinators. High yield, drought resistance, frost resistance. The variety does not reduce the size of the fruit and does not lose taste when grown to the north. The size of the plum is large, weight up to 50 grams, the shape is rounded. The skin is dense, the color is yellow, translucent, with a strong white wax coating, an orange blush appears in the sun. The pulp of plums is greenish, dense, very sweet taste with slight sourness and honey taste. The stone is medium round, difficult to separate. Plums ripen at the end of July, it is better to eat them raw.. |
Renklod Karbysheva- a variety of the Donetsk branch of the Institute of Horticulture. An early variety needs pollinators. Plums are large, weighing up to 53 g, round, purple-red with a slight bluish bloom and the flesh is dark yellow, good juiciness, very sweet taste, with a pleasant aroma. This is the most sweet-fruited variety of the entire range of early plums. The stone is medium in size, round in shape, easily separated from the pulp. Plums are similar in shape and color to Renklod Altana. The fruits are suitable both for eating fresh and for canning, as well as for obtaining excellent quality prunes. High and stable yield. Good disease and frost resistance. |
Alyonushka- a tree of medium strength, with a pyramidal-raised crown and its average density. Shoots are reddish-brown. Plums weighing up to 35 grams, round-oval. The color of the plum is red, the integumentary skin is dark red. The pulp of the plum is orange, medium in density, good juiciness, crispy, the juice is discolored. The peduncle is small, not thick. An oval-shaped bone is removed poorly. Plums of attractive appearance with tender, sour-sweet pulp, very pleasant taste. It starts fruiting in the graft in the third year. The variety needs pollinators. Resistance to clasterosporiosis and monilial burn is normal. The yield is high and stable. It tolerates winters normally, but freezes below -25. The variety can grow both in industrial volumes and in amateur culture. Leaves and young ends of shoots are strongly affected by aphids.. |
red ball- medium-sized up to 2.5 m in height, with a rounded crown and hanging branches. The density of the crown is medium. The plum is large, up to 44 grams, rounded, red, covered with a bluish bloom with a pulp of light yellow, loose, fibrous texture, sweet fragrant taste, with a small stone, it is difficult to remove. Handles transportation well. Used for food. Harvest time is early. Up to - 19 does not freeze. Fruiting begins in the third year in a permanent place. The yield is good and stable. Resistant to clasterosporiosis and monilial burn. |
Renklod early- bred at the Institute of Horticulture, Donetsk city. It tolerates harsh winters well. The yield is high and stable, with an average of 65 kg of plums per tree. The variety requires early flowering varieties of pollinators. Tree of medium height. And the crown is round. Plums are large, weighing up to 40 grams, when fertilizing and watering up to 50 grams, rounded flattened at the poles, the ventral suture is hardly noticeable, yellow, with a whitish wax coating, with an orange blush, with dots. The flesh is greenish with yellow, good density, very sweet taste with slight sourness and honey aroma. In the south it ripens at the end of July, and in the north at the beginning of August. Fruits are good not only for eating, but also for preservation. Resistant to clasterosporiosis and monilial burn. |
Mid-season plum varieties: description of varieties
Mid-ripening plums continue the season of consumption of plums in time and have a fuller taste.
Hungarian Belarusian- Highly winter-hardy and productive tree. Growth is average, the crown is rounded. The first plums can be harvested in the 3rd year after planting. Variety with partial self-fertility. Resistant to "perforation" and monilial burn. Plums up to 42 grams, elongated-rounded. The color of the skin is violet-blue, with a strong coating of wax. The bone is medium, freely removable. Plum pulp is orange, dense texture. The taste is good, sour-sweet, pleasant. Cleaning at the end of August until the beginning of September. |
Renklod Altana- a well-known variety. It has a vigorous tree with a round-oval crown. The leaf is oval, obtuse-pointed, the color is bright green. The petiole is long. There are stipules, the shape is lanceolate, pale green in color. The flower is white. Ovary without pubescence. The plum is rounded, equilateral, large. Weighing up to 38 grams. The integumentary skin is pink-red, without pubescence. There are few subcutaneous points and they are brown in color. The wax coating is strong. The seam is barely visible. Plums don't burst. The skin on the plum is easily removed, it is thin, and the color of the pulp is bright yellow, slightly darkens, fibrous and juicy, with a medium stalk. Plums are good for eating raw and for making juices, dried fruits, compotes and marinades. Can be frozen. Flowering time is mid-April. Pollinators are needed. Ripening in mid-August. The tree produces the first plums in the fifth year. Resistance to frost is average, resistance to polystyhomosis, clasterosporiasis, "sharke" is good, but unstable to monilial burn. The yield is high, but after a year. |
Souvenir of the East- a tree with a spreading crown, up to three meters high. The leaf is thin, leathery, obovate, green, dull, smooth. The edge of the leaf is small-crested. The petiole is very short, up to 1 cm, colored, often twisted. The flower is small. Plums are large, up to 40 grams, rounded, bright orange, maroon when overripe, with a very pronounced seam. Plum pulp is yellowish-orange, dense, juicy texture, crisp, sweet and spicy taste with a pleasant sourness and strong aroma. In appearance and taste, these plums resemble peaches. The stone is small, rounded, removed with difficulty. Cleaning in mid-August. The variety is best consumed fresh. It is not suitable for compotes, as plums are very soft. But when used for preservation, fragrant jam and juice with pulp are obtained. Frost resistance is superior. Flowering is very early spring and abundant. Pollen is sterile, pollinators are needed. Harvest plums up to 45 kg per tree. Plums are formed in the form of large clusters. Poorly tolerates winter spring thaws. Can be affected by clasterosporiasis or perforated spotting. |
Voloshka- a vigorous tree with a wide-round, compact crown. The plum is large, from 30 to 50 grams, oval, even, with a deep seam. The peel is uneven dark blue-black in color with rusty spots and brownish dots, a waxy coating is strong. The stem is long. The pulp of the plum is yellowish-green, juiciness is good, dense, crispy. The taste is sour, when fully ripe, well sweet. The stone is easily removed from the pulp. Harvesting in mid-late ripening. The fruits can be used both for food and for canning. Needs pollinators. Frost resistance is average. Resistance to clasterosporiosis is average. |
Duce- a variety resistant to frost and disease. Even the plum codling moth affects the fruits a little. But plum pollinated aphids are affected to a moderate degree. The variety requires high doses of fertilizers and well-lit places, loves light soils and good watering. It has high yields of plums. High resistance of wood and flower buds to frost. Yields are high and annual. Large plums of excellent quality. But plums easily crumble and crack when overwatered during the growing season. |
Late plum varieties: description of varieties
At late varieties of plums fruit maturity occurs in the last days of the last month of summer. The fruits themselves differ in that they can lie in special storage for about a month, and also collected in a slightly unripe state can withstand transportation over long distances.
Stanley- medium-strength tree with a rare round-spherical crown. The leaf is rounded-elongated, of medium size, the color is rich green, there is gloss, there is no pubescence on top, and it is weak below. City edge. Petiole up to two centimeters, with a reddish color. Stipules lanceolate, pale green. The flower is large, white and snow-white. Plum obovate, unequal-sided, very large, weight up to 53 grams. Plum color is dark purple, hairless, subcutaneous dots of brown color. The wax coating is strong, and the seam is well defined. The skin is not detachable, the flesh of the plum is yellow, granular-fibrous, dense and medium in juiciness. The stem is long. The stone is elongated oval, large and well removed. The fruits of this plum are good for eating raw and for drying, you can make jam. Flowering in mid-April. The variety is partially self-fertile, but it is better to have pollinators. Ripens only at the beginning of the first month of autumn. The first plums - in the fourth year of life in the garden, after the harvest is always high. Frost resistance is high. Medium drought tolerance. The variety is tolerant to polystyhomosis, sharke, but not enough to monilial burn. |
Hungarian Italian- late, medium-sized plum is world famous. Frost resistance is medium to high, disease resistance is medium. Plums weighing up to 42.6 g, very attractive - oval, dark blue, almost black, with a blue coating, color. The flesh of the plums is greenish, with whitish veins, juicy and dense, with a very excellent sweet, sour taste. The stone is removed from the pulp easily. Harvest period from September 11-15. The fruits are used in a variety of ways, but the main thing is excellent prunes, of excellent quality. In refrigerators, fruits are stored for up to 33 days. Low resistance to pests such as codling moths, plum sawfly and aphids. |
Renklod Michurinsky- a medium-sized tree with a rounded, medium-thickened crown. The leaf is medium in length, broadly oval in shape, dark green in color, itself is smooth, matte. The leaf blade is without pubescence. The edge of the leaf is crenate. Stipules are short. The flower is large and bright white. Large plums have a mass of 25 grams to 30 grams. The shape of the plums is round, the color of the skin is purple-red with many subcutaneous dots. The pulp of the fruit is orange, tender, well juicy. The juice itself is discolored. Sour pleasant taste. The stone is well removed from the pulp. Transportation, and long-term storage in refrigerators, goes well. Partially self fertile. Flowering in mid-spring, maturation of plums later than all. Trees give the first harvest in the third year after planting.. |
Prunes 4-39TSHA- this is the so-called "thorns". Planted on soil enriched with mineral fertilizers, it can bring up to 30 kg of plums. The fruits are excellent for both drying and fresh use, but do not tolerate transportation. The main advantages of the variety are its drought resistance and high tolerance to many diseases. The color of plums is purple, weight up to 30 grams, but extremely sweet taste. Frost tolerates easily. |
Zhiguli- a vigorous tree with an oval-rounded crown. The leaf is large, broadly rounded, dark green and matte. There are wrinkles, they are clearly visible. The edge of the sheet is doubly crenate. The petiole is medium and thick. The flower is large, bright white. The plum is large, almost one-dimensional, weighing up to 31 grams, round-oval in shape, with an inconspicuous seam. The stalk is medium and easily separated from the branch. The bone is easily separated. The integumentary coloration is blue, solid, without streaks, there are few subcutaneous dots, but they are clearly visible. The peel is medium, naked, not removed, the coating is medium. The pulp of plums is yellowish-green, tender and of good juiciness. The juice is discolored. The taste of plums is sweet and sour. These plums are suitable for making both jam and jam, as well as compotes. Flowering in May and harvest in September. Fruits can be transported. Unripe ones can be stored for a long time. Fruiting in the fifth year. The harvest is high and stable, up to 40 kg, and some healthy trees produce fruits up to 70 kg. Needs pollinators. The variety is frost and disease resistant. Even the plum codling moth affects the fruit a little. But plum pollinated aphids are affected to a moderate degree. |
The best self-fertile plum varieties
All varieties of homemade plums are divided into " self-fertile", "self-fertile" And " with partial self-fertility". For self-fertile plums, it is not necessary to additionally plant pollinator trees in the garden. Plums with partial self-fertility can produce crops without pollinators, but only the yield is lower than it could be with pollinators. Fruits of universal use. Among such plums can be found as blue-violet, and yellow-fruited varieties. "Orlovskaya Mechta", "Red Ball", "Yellow Self-fertile", Iskra, Hungarian Moscow, "Red Ball", Timiryazev's Memory and others do not really need the presence of "foreign" pollen. But self-fertility is an indicator that is not constant. One and the same plum variety can show stable self-fertility this year, and then be only "partially self-fertile", and in different agro-climatic zones they behave differently.
- Self-fertile plum varieties
- yellow plum varieties
- The largest varieties of plums
Plum varieties for the Moscow region and the middle lane
When choosing a plum variety for planting in areas of the Moscow region and the middle lane, preference should be given to varieties with high frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. It is also advisable to choose plum varieties with early ripening dates so that the crop has time to ripen before the autumn frosts.
"Skoroplodnaya" is one of the most popular plum varieties for the Moscow region and central Russia, early ripening and fruitful. Self-infertile look. For cross-pollination, a hybrid cherry plum, "Red Ball", is suitable.
- Productivity of 30 kg from a tree.
- Reddish cream with yellow sweet pulp weighing 30 g.
- The tree is undersized about 2.5 m with a fan-shaped sparse crown.
- The time of fruit ripening is the first half of August.
- The first harvest can be obtained already in the third year after planting the seedling.
- It tolerates severe frosts down to -40, suitable for growing in the Moscow region and the middle lane.
View advantages: tasty fruits, drought-resistant, excellent frost resistance, early maturity
Minuses: self-infertility, poor separability of the stone from the pulp.
"Yakhontovaya"
"Yakhontovaya" - an early ripe fruitful type of plum, partially self-fertile. In order to obtain abundant harvests in the neighborhood, varieties for cross-pollination are needed: “Red early ripening”, “Moscow Hungarian” or “Memory of Timiryazev”.
- The yield is 30 kg per tree.
- Cream yellow with a wax coating 30-35 g with sweet and sour juicy pulp.
- Tree of strong growth up to 5 m, crown neat spherical.
- Harvest ripening by mid-August.
- It begins to bear crops in the third or fourth year after planting.
- It tolerates frost well, flower buds are resistant to spring frosts. The variety is zoned for the Moscow region and the middle zone.
- Satisfactory disease resistance.
View advantages: precocity, early ripening, frost resistance, easy separation of the stone from the pulp, fruits of excellent dessert taste.
Minuses: high tree height, partial self-fertility.
"Smolinka"
"Smolinka" - an early ripe fruitful type of plum. Fruits of wonderful taste are used fresh and for freezing, drying and cooking prunes.
- Yield 15-20 kg per tree.
- Dark purple cream weighing 35-40 g with sweet and sour delicate pulp.
- Tall trees (5-5.5 m) with a sparse crown.
- Harvest ripens in the second half of August.
- Plum begins to bear fruit in the fourth or fifth year of growth.
- Winter hardiness is average, but sufficient for the conditions of the Moscow region and the middle zone. Branches quickly recover after freezing.
- With good care, resistance to major diseases is decent.
View advantages: large fruits of high quality, good transportability.
Minuses: high growth of trees, self-fertile, unsupported branches can break under the weight of the fruit.
"Red Ball"
"Red Ball" with early ripening and excellent frost resistance. This variety is partially self-fertile, in order to obtain decent yields, pollinators are needed in the neighborhood, for example, "Skoroplodnaya" or hybrid cherry plum.
- Productivity of 18 kg from a tree. Red cream with a wax coating weighing up to 40 g. The pulp is yellow, juicy, sweet and sour in taste.
- The tree is low (about 2.5 m) with a rounded drooping crown.
- The fruits ripen by mid-August.
- In the third year after planting, fruiting begins.
- It perfectly tolerates severe frosts, but does not like thaws, after which it can freeze slightly. Recommended for landing in the Moscow region and the middle lane.
- It is practically not damaged by klesterosporiosis, but protection is needed from other diseases.
View advantages: large tasty fruits, undersized trees, early maturity, high frost resistance, good transportability.
Minuses: during early flowering, damage by spring frosts is possible, partial self-fertility.
The ripening time for early-ripening plum varieties is from late July to mid-August.
"Zarechnaya early"
"Zarechnaya early" - early ripening, fruitful. The variety needs cross-pollination. The best neighbors for this purpose are Volga Beauty, Etude.
- Harvest annual 15 kg per tree.
- Dark purple cream weighing 40-50 g with yellow juicy pulp of sweet taste.
- Medium-sized tree with a compact crown.
- Plum begins to bear fruit in the fourth year after planting.
- Winter hardiness is high. The variety is zoned in the Central Black Earth region.
- Disease resistance is good.
Advantages: early ripe, large sweet plums, the stone is easily separated from the pulp, excellent frost resistance, good transportability
Minuses: self-sterility
"Orlovskaya dream"
"Orlovskaya Dream" is an early ripe, frost-resistant plum variety with partial self-fertility. The best neighbors for cross-pollination are "Skoroplodnaya" or cherry plum.
- Average yields are 10-12 kg per tree.
- Red cream with subcutaneous speckles, weight up to 40 g. The pulp is yellow, juicy, sweet and sour.
- The tree is low 2.5-3 m with a pyramidal crown.
- The ripening time is the first half of August.
- It begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting the seedling.
- Frost resistance is excellent. Recommended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth region.
- High resistance to clasterosporiosis.
Advantages: early ripening, frost-resistant, early-growing, cream does not crack.
Minuses: partial self-fertility, the stone is poorly separated, the fruits become smaller with an abundance of the crop.
"Indira"
"Indira" - a variety of domestic plums of the last generation, early ripe, fruitful, winter-hardy.
- Yield 20-25 kg per tree.
- Blue cream weighing 35-45 g with yellow sweet pulp.
- Tree of strong growth with a dense pyramidal crown.
- Ripening time is early.
- Winter hardiness is average (up to -35). The variety is zoned in the Middle Volga region.
View advantages: early ripe, large tasty fruits, good productivity.
Minuses: average winter hardiness.
"Sissy"
"Nezhenka" is an early ripe variety, partially self-fertile. Plum "Skoroplodnaya", "Red Ball" and cherry plum varieties are suitable as pollinating neighbors.
- Average yield up to 15 kg.
- Red cream weighing 25-30 g. The pulp is yellowish, juicy, sweet and sour.
- Moderate tree (2.5-3 m) with a sparse crown.
- Harvest time is mid-August.
- Fruits in the fourth or fifth year of growth.
- It has high winter hardiness, zoned in the Central Black Earth region.
- Disease resistance is relative.
Advantages: early ripe, the fruits do not crack, the stone is well separated from the pulp, excellent winter hardiness.
Minuses: fruits at ripening quickly crumble, partial self-fertility.
"Candy"
"Candy" is remarkable for its ultra-early ripening period. This type of domestic plum is self-fertile and needs pollinating neighbors. "Zarechnaya early" and "Renklod kolkhozny" were recognized as the best.
- Yield 25 kg per tree.
- Red-burgundy cream with a bluish coating, weighing 30-35 g. The pulp is yellow, jelly, very sweet taste.
- Tree of low growth (2.5-3 m) with a compact crown.
- The fruits are ready for harvest at the end of July.
- Fruiting begins in the fourth year of growth.
- Frost resistance is average (up to -20). When grown in the Central regions for the winter, it is better to cover the trunk.
- Resistance to major diseases is good.
Advantages: large sweet plums, low trees, fast-growing, fruitful, the stone is well separated from the pulp.
Minuses: self-infertile species needs pollinating neighbors, low keeping quality and transportability.
Self-fertile varieties of plums
Self-fertile varieties of plums are able to pollinate their own pollen and bring good yields. They do not need pollinating neighbors, but if they are present, the yield increases significantly.
"Memory of Timiryazev"
"Memory of Timiryazev" is highly self-fertile, but with prolonged severe frosts (below -30), the fruit buds freeze slightly and the yield can noticeably decrease.
- Productivity is 10-15 kg, in favorable conditions up to 35 kg.
- The cream is yellow with a reddish blush, weighing 20-25 g, with sweet and sour dense pulp, the stone is easily separated.
- Harvest ripening in late August - early September.
- The tree is undersized (up to 3 m) with a drooping rounded crown.
- The first crops begin to bring in the 4th year after planting the seedling.
- Winter hardiness is average, but when freezing, the branches quickly recover. Safely grown in areas of the middle lane.
- Resistance to major diseases is satisfactory.
View advantages: fast-growing, self-fertile, disease-resistant, productive, good transportability.
Minuses: medium winter hardiness, severely damaged by plum mite.
"Viola"
"Viola" is characterized by high self-fertility, excellent and stable yield.
- The yield is 25-30 kg per tree.
- Cream of blue color weighing 20 g with sweet and sour juicy pulp.
- Harvest is ready for harvest in early September.
- The tree is spreading, medium-sized.
- It brings the first fruits in the third or fourth year after planting.
- Frost resistance at an average level. Recommended for cultivation in the Middle Volga region.
- Slightly damaged by diseases and pests.
View advantages: high self-fertility, plentiful yields, early-growing, good fruit transportability.
Minuses: the small size of the fruit, in a dry summer plums can crumble, poor separation of the stone from the pulp.
"Morning"
"Morning" - has a high self-fertility, regularly brings good harvests. This variety is a good pollinator for many self-fertile forms of the house plum.
- Yields are 15 kg per tree.
- Cream yellowish-green with a pink barrel weighing 25 g with fragrant tasty pulp. The bone separates with ease.
- Harvest is ready for harvest in early August.
- The tree is low with a crown of moderate density.
- It brings the first fruits in the fourth or fifth year after planting the seedling.
- The frost resistance of the tree is average, the flower buds are low. The variety is zoned in the Central region.
- Resistance to diseases and pests is satisfactory.
View advantages: high self-fertility, early ripening, quickly recovers when frozen, good transportability.
Minuses: low frost resistance of flower buds.
"Peaceful"
"Mirnaya" is one of the self-fertile varieties of domestic plum.
- Productivity 25-40 kg per tree, annual yields, stable
- Burgundy-violet cream weighing 25-30 g with sweet and sour juicy pulp. The bone separates well.
- The fruits reach ripeness in the first half of August.
- A tree of strong growth with an oval crown of moderate density.
- Frost resistance is quite good. The variety is zoned in the Middle Volga and Lower Volga regions.
- Disease resistance is satisfactory.
Advantages: self-fertile, high-yielding, large tasty plums of universal use, good winter hardiness.
Minuses: fruit ripening is not simultaneous.
"Bogatyrskaya"
"Bogatyrskaya" is a self-fertile species of domestic plum, which gives very high yields from an early age.
- Yields are 50-60 kg, later up to 80 kg per tree
- Cream is elongated, dark purple, weighing 30-40 g with a delicate sweet-sour pulp.
- Harvest can be harvested in the second half of August.
- Begins fruiting in the fifth year after planting.
- Frost-resistant, zoned for the Nizhnevolzhsky region.
- Resistance to diseases and pests is quite good.
View advantages: self-fertile, high-yielding, large fruits with good transportability, high frost resistance.
Minuses: with abundant harvests, the branches can break and the fruits become smaller.
yellow plum varieties
"Golden Ball"
"Golden Ball" - an early ripening type of yellow plum. The variety is self-infertile. The best pollinating neighbors are "Skoroplodnaya" or hybrid cherry plum.
- The yield is 15 kg with a subsequent increase in yield.
- The cream is round, yellow with a pinkish blush, weighing 40-50 g. The pulp is fragrant, juicy, sweet with sourness near the stone.
- The ripening time is mid-August.
- Spreading tree 3-4 m tall.
- The first harvest is already in the third year after planting.
- Excellent winter hardiness. Zoned for the Central and Central Black Earth region.
- Satisfactory resistance to major plum diseases.
View advantages: large sweet fruits, early ripening, fast-growing, good transportability.
Minuses: self-infertility, with abundant harvests, plums become smaller, low drought resistance.
"Golden Large"
"Golden large" - a type of yellow domestic plum with a high yield, late ripening. Partially self-fertile variety. The best neighbors-pollinators "Volga Beauty", "Peace".
- Yield 27 kg per tree
- Cream yellow with a ruddy barrel weighing 40 g with sweet and sour tender pulp. The bone separates with ease.
- The fruits ripen in the first half of September.
- Medium-sized tree with a pyramidal sparse crown.
- In the fourth year after planting, the seedling gives the first harvest.
- Frost resistance is satisfactory. The variety is zoned for planting in the Nizhnevolzhsky region.
- Virtually immune to disease.
Advantages: productive, tasty large plums, good transportability, high disease resistance, drought-resistant.
Minuses: late fruit ripening, partial self-fertility.
"Covenant"
"Covenant" is a variety of Chinese yellow plum. Self-infertile variety. For pollination, neighbors-pollinators are needed: hybrid cherry plum or other types of Chinese plum.
- Productivity is stable about 30 kg per tree
- Rounded yellow cream with a pinkish barrel weighing 25-30 g. The pulp is juicy, dense, sweet-sour in taste.
- Plum ripens in early September.
- Spreading tree up to 3 m.
- Fruiting begins in the fourth year of growth.
- Frost resistance is high. Zoned in the Volga-Vyatka region.
- Excellent disease resistance. Can be damaged by plum aphids and sawflies.
View advantages: plentiful productivity, fruits of good quality, high winter hardiness.
Minuses: self-infertile, can be damaged by pests.
"Honey White"
"Honey White" - an early ripe variety of plums. Needs cross-pollination. The best pollinating neighbors are "Hungarian Donetsk", "Renklod Karbysheva".
- The yield is 35-40 kg per tree.
- Cream is oval, yellow with an orange barrel, weighing 35-50 g with fragrant sweet pulp. The bone separates badly.
- The harvest ripens at the end of July.
- The tree is vigorous in height up to 5 m with a sparse crown.
- Begins fruiting in the fourth year of growth. It has high frost resistance. Safely grown in the Central Black Earth region and the Moscow region
- Practically not damaged by moniliosis. Medium resistance to other diseases
Advantages: sweet large fruits, early ripening, high frost resistance and drought resistance.
Minuses: strong tree growth, self-fertility.
Large-fruited varieties of plums
"Giant"
"Giant" - a large-fruited plum variety with a high yield, self-fertile.
- Yield 40 kg.
- Cream red-pink weighing 60-80 g with sweet and sour juicy pulp. The bone separates badly.
- The harvest ripens at the end of August.
- Tree of medium height up to 4 m with a dense crown.
- The first crop gives in the third or fourth year.
- Winter hardiness is average (up to -34). Suitable for landing in the Lower Volga region.
- It is affected by moniliosis. Preventive measures are needed for protection.
Advantages: very large fruits, good productivity, precocity.
Minuses: medium winter hardiness, low drought resistance
"Angelina"
"Angelina" is a plum variety with very large fruits, self-fertile. Suitable for pollination are "Traveler", "Black Amber", "Friar".
- Harvests are plentiful and amount to 50-70 kg per tree.
- Rich purple cream weighing 90 g with sweet and sour juicy pulp.
- The fruits ripen in the second half of September.
- Spreading tree up to 3 m.
- The first fruits appear in the third year after planting.
- Winter hardiness is average. Suitable for growing in southern areas.
- Disease resistance is average.
Advantages: fruits can be stored in the refrigerator without freezing for 2-3 months, large plums of universal use, precocity, high yield.
Minuses: average winter hardiness and disease resistance
"The president"
"President" is a large-fruited type of plum, self-fertile and productive.
- Yield 20-40 kg with subsequent growth up to 70 kg per tree
- Cream oval, burgundy-violet, weighing 60-70 g, sweet taste.
- Plums ripen in the second half of September.
- The tree is spreading, thickened with a height of 3-3.5 m.
- It begins fruiting in the fifth year.
- Winter hardiness is average (up to -30). The variety is adapted for the forest-steppe and steppe zones
- Medium resistance to major diseases
View advantages: large sweet fruits, high productivity, self-fertility, drought tolerance
Minuses: dense and spreading crown requires formation and thinning, damaged by plum aphids and codling moth, prone to gum disease
"Starting"
"Starting" - a large-fruited variety, very early ripening, self-fertile. The pollinator can be a domestic plum variety that matches the timing of flowering.
- Productivity is low 60 q/ha.
- The cream is round, burgundy-violet, weighing 50-70 g. The pulp is juicy, sweet with sourness. The stone is easily separated from the pulp.
- The fruits ripen at the end of July.
- A tree of medium height with a dense crown.
- Fruiting begins in the third or fourth year after planting the seedling.
- Winter hardiness is good. Zoned for the Central Black Earth region.
- High resistance to diseases and pests.
Advantages: large tasty fruits, good transportability, early ripening.
Minuses: self-infertile, low yield.
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