From Peter the Great ... the Russian flag owes its birth to the domestic fleet. the flag of one or another, the Russian flag owes its birth to the domestic one. The history of the state flag of Russia The meaning of the state flag for the country
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State flag Russian Federation - This is the official symbol of Russia along with its coat of arms and anthem. The rectangular panel of white, blue and red colors - the Russian tricolor - has its own history. The flag has changed over the centuries, and its history reflects the stages of development and change in Russia.
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Until the 17th century, a single state flag was not in Russia. The first mention of it is associated with the name of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. In 1668, in accordance with European tradition, he commanded to raise the flag over the first Russian warship, named "Eagle". It is known that for the manufacture of the first flag, scarlet, white and blue matter were purchased, although there is no exact information about how it looked. There are several versions on this score, according to one of them, a double-headed eagle was also depicted on the flag. It is believed that in its type the first naval flag went back to some archery banners of the middle of the 17th century, or even earlier periods.
1693
This year, while sailing on the White Sea, Peter the Great used the “flag of the Tsar of Moscow” on his yacht for the first time. The flag consisted of three horizontal stripes (white, blue and red), in the center of the flag was a golden double-headed eagle. Thus, the fleet got its own single flag, which de facto can be considered the state flag of Russia.
1705
On January 20, Peter I issued a decree on placing a white-blue-red flag on merchant ships. This flag was also used as the field flag of the Russian army, and white-blue-red scarves were part of the officer's uniform from 1700 to 1732.
1712
In the navy, the Andreevsky flag, white with an azure cross, created in honor of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, was approved. The layout of the flag was created personally by Peter I.
1806
On the basis of the Petrovsky tricolor, other flags were subsequently developed. So, in 1806, the flag of the Russian-American campaign appeared: a traditional tricolor with a black double-headed eagle and the inscription "Russian-American Company" in the middle of the white stripe.
1858
Alexander II approved a new design for the flag for solemn occasions (black-yellow-white). The initiator of the changes was Baron Kene, who drew the emperor's attention to the fact that the colors of the flag did not match the colors of the coat of arms, while this circumstance was contrary to the rules of German heraldry.
1865
A decree was issued in which black, orange (gold) and white were called the state colors of the Russian Empire. Its colors symbolized earth, gold and silver. Note that the black-yellow-white flag has never been popular in society - associations with Austria and the House of Habsburg were too strong.
1883
During the coronation celebration Alexander III, the emperor drew attention to the contrast of the festive procession, decorated with black-yellow-white flowers, and the city, which was dominated by white-blue-red colors. On April 28, 1883, the emperor ordered the use of the white-blue-red flag of the merchant marine fleet exclusively on solemn occasions.
1896
On the eve of the coronation of Nicholas II, the Peter's tricolor was officially given the status of the state flag. At the same time, the red color symbolized "sovereignty", azure - the patronage of the Mother of God, and white - freedom and independence.
1918
In April of this year, at the suggestion of Sverdlov, a red flag with a gold inscription of the RSFSR in the upper left corner became the state flag. The idea of the flag seems to have been borrowed from European revolutionaries and socialists.
1954
Until that time, the state flag of the RSFSR was often replaced by a red flag without inscriptions and drawings. On May 2, 1954, the final version of the flag was approved by decree of the Presidium of the RSFSR. Now the flag consisted of a red cloth with a light blue stripe at the pole in the entire width of the flag. On the red cloth, in the upper left corner, were depicted a golden hammer and sickle, as well as a red five-pointed star, bordered by gold, above them.
1991
August 22, 1991 began new story flag of Russia. The national flag was recognized as a rectangular panel with different-sized horizontal stripes of white, blue and red colors and an aspect ratio of 1:2. Since 1994, August 22 has been declared the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation.
1993
On December 11 of this year, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued Decree No. 2126 “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation”, which approved the colors and proportions of the flag in the form in which we have them now.
2008
Since October 15, 2008, the state flag of the Russian Federation can be used by individuals, public associations, enterprises, institutions and organizations for purposes that are not desecration of the flag.
FROM PETER THE FIRST… The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet. Flag of one or another The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet. The flag of this or that country showed that this ship of the country showed that this ship belongs to her, is hers, belongs to her, is her territory. In 1690 white-blue-red territory. In 1690 the white-blue-red flag has become a symbol of the Russian state, the flag has become a symbol of the Russian state, and above all - at sea. and above all, the sea. This is the flag used by Peter I. This is the flag used by Peter I.
FLAG AS A SYMBOL OF THE RUSSIAN STATE FLAG AS A SYMBOL OF THE RUSSIAN STATE The flag is constantly raised on the buildings of our country's authorities. The flag is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It flutters on the masts of Russian ships, applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and its spacecraft. It flutters on the masts of Russian ships, applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and its spacecraft. The flag indicates belonging to Russia. The flag indicates belonging to Russia. The flag is raised during official ceremonies, developed in military units. The flag is raised during official ceremonies, developed in military units. On days of national mourning, the flag is flown at half mast or a black ribbon is attached. On days of national mourning, the flag is flown at half mast or a black ribbon is attached.
Over time, banners appeared in Russia in the form of a canvas attached to a pole. They were called banners, they gathered warriors around them.
The banners could be different shapes, but in Russia they often met in the form of an elongated triangle.
Since the 15th century, the word “banner” has been increasingly used to designate the banner and banners. From now on, the banner was perceived not just as a sign, but as a relic common to the entire army, like an icon with saving properties. The banners depicted the face of Jesus Christ, the Virgin, saints, scenes from the Bible, the text of the Gospel, the cross. In medieval Russia, both military units and military regalia were also called banners. The banner is a symbol of unification. The troops met around the battle banner. The banner meant the headquarters of the commander or the center of the battle formation. The number of banners determined the number of troops. Raising the banner meant declaring readiness for battle, lowering it meant admitting defeat. The loss of the banner was a heavy shame on the entire military unit. Capturing an enemy banner in battle was considered a special distinction.
It's hard to judge color scheme, but in historical sources they are named: red, green, blue, blue, white.
In XVII-XVIII, a kind of banners appeared in Russia - ensign (a small banner with long tails). Thus, even in the second half of the 7th century in Russia there was no state, national flag, and the royal banner could not be considered as such.
The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet.
In 1667-1669. in the village of Dedinovo on the Oka, the first flotilla of Russia was built. It was intended to protect trade caravans sailing along the Volga and the Caspian Sea, and consisted of a three-masted ship "Eagle" and four smaller ships.
By that time, the leading maritime powers already had their own flags, which were raised on ships. The flags served as the identification mark of the ship and the state to which the ship belonged. It is from maritime flags that many state phages originate.
It is known that the first flag set on the Eagle ship consisted of white, blue and red colors, but they were not arranged in horizontal stripes. Some historians think so. They believe that the flag consisted of four parts. The blue cross divided the cloth into 4 parts, and the white and red colors were staggered. There is another opinion that the flag looked like the modern flag of Russia.
It is known that in 1693 in Arkhangelsk on ships Peter I raised a flag with horizontal stripes (white - blue - red), named the flag of the Tsar of Moscow. In 1690, the white-blue-red flag became the symbol of the Russian state, primarily at sea.
The Russian tricolor (tricolor flag) probably originated from the Dutch model. Holland in the 17th century was one of the great maritime powers. Its flag is orange, white and blue. Soon Orange color was changed to red.
The arrangement of the stripes on the Russian flag was different, and the symbolism of the colors reflected Russian traditions. The order of colors on the flag is white, blue, red.
The red color, the color of blood, as it were, denoted the earthly world, blue - the celestial sphere, white - the divine light. All three colors have long been revered in Russia.
Red was considered a symbol of courage and courage, as well as a synonym for beauty. The blue color was considered a symbol of the Mother of God. White color personified peace, purity, nobility. All three colors also corresponded to the Moscow coat of arms: on a white horse St. George in a blue mantle on a red field of the shield.
In the era of Peter the Great, other Russian flags appeared. One of them is St. Andrew's flag - a blue oblique cross on a white field. Apostle Andrew was considered the patron saint of Russia and navigation. St. Andrew's flag has become the flag of the Russian Navy, it is raised on warships. But the tricolor was not forgotten. In 1705, the tsar issued a decree on what the flag should be on Russian merchant ships. The text of the decree was accompanied by a drawing of a flag of three stripes - white, blue and red. CONTINUED ON THE SITE
The state chooses its distinctive features. Own flag, coat of arms and anthem of Russia are essential attributes. For several centuries, the banner has changed.
The Russian flag of white-blue-red was finally approved in 1991. Since 1994, when the President signed the relevant decree, the Russian Flag Day is traditionally celebrated on August 22 every year.
History of appearance
It is not known for certain when it appeared and who invented the banner used today as a state banner in the Russian Federation. There are a huge number of versions.
Historians believe that the modern flag of the Russian Federation owes its appearance to the emperor. It was he who first used the tricolor as a symbol of the fleet. The emperor thus designated the belonging of the ship to a certain power.
It is not known why Peter I chose this particular color variation for the imperial flag. Historians offer many different theories. Some believe that the emperor was so willing to support other states that have similar colors on their flags. Others say that only white, red and blue fabrics were in stock.
Despite references to the symbol in Ancient Russia, it began to be used during the reign of Peter I. The emperor used it in diplomatic missions, trade and in military operations.
The meaning of the national flag for the country
Belonging to merchant ships, army troops or locality a particular power was difficult to determine. Flags were used to solve the problem. Bright canvases, erected in a conspicuous place, were a means of identification.
At present, the symbol of the state contributes to the education of patriotism, respect for the native land, gives a sense of spiritual and blood unity. The national flag is of great importance in international relations.
The meaning of the colors of the tricolor
There are many versions of the interpretation of the shades used in the state symbol of Russia. According to one of the unofficial interpretations, the meaning of flowers represents:
- white - purity, purity, innocence;
- blue - faith and constancy;
- red - the blood that was shed for the sovereignty of the state by the ancestors.
Considering that the history of the appearance of the symbol has more than three centuries, there is also a historical version of the interpretation of the tricolor. The ancient Slavs believed that the location of the stripes on the flag and their color is a reflection of the structure of the world. In this case, the top stripe symbolizes the divine world, the middle - blue - the heavenly world, and the bottom - the physical.
Another version - the flag reflects the unity of the three fraternal peoples. Then the red stripe is a symbol of Great Russia, the blue one is Little Russia, and the white one is Belarus. The most common interpretation is freedom, faith and sovereignty, respectively, according to the location of the bands.
Symbols of the troops of the Russian army
In addition to the standards of commanders and banners, each branch of the Russian Federation has distinctive symbols - flags. Modern version banners approved by the president in November 2003 - about which a corresponding decree was signed.
Flags of Russian troops
The Ministry of Defense is a two-sided rectangular canvas. The drawing of both parts is identical. The flag depicts a cross expanding towards the base, each beam of which is divided in half and painted in blue and red. The emblem of the Ministry of Defense of Russia is placed in the central part of the cloth. The state symbol was approved by presidential decree in July 2003.
The flag of the Russian Air Force is a double-sided sky-blue canvas. In the central part of the military symbolism, there is an anti-aircraft gun and a silver-colored propeller crossed among themselves. Also on the flag are 14 yellow rays, which expand from the center of the cloth to its edges. Military symbols were approved in May 2004 by the Order of the Minister of Defense.
The flag of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia - military symbols is a double-sided canvas, painted in the colors of the state tricolor. There is a blue square in the roof of the Ministry symbol. Its height is equal to two stripes of the Russian flag, white and blue. The red stripe runs across the width of the entire canvas. The square contains an octagonal star with four elongated rays. In the center of the star is placed an orange circle and a blue triangle.
St. Andrew's flag of Russia is the official military symbol of the Navy. On a white panel, diagonal lines crossed with each other, resembling a large blue cross, are depicted. The naval ensign of Russia was approved in 1992 by presidential decree.
The border flag of Russia - there are several varieties of the banner. The banners are united by one detail - a green cross expanding towards the base. In the central part there is a golden eagle with two heads.
Flag ground forces Russia - is a canvas of red color. In the center is the emblem of the land arm of the army - a golden hue of grenada, located against the background of two swords crossed between each other. The symbol was approved by Order of the Minister of Defense in 2004.
The flag of the Space Forces is a double-sided sky-blue canvas. In the center of the cloth there is a small emblem, which is a stylized drawing of a rocket launching against the backdrop of the planet Earth. The ball is divided by horizontal stripes - dark blue, blue, white and red. The military symbols of the space forces were approved by the Order of the Minister of Defense in June 2004.
Coat of arms of the Russian Federation: its history and meaning
Important symbols are the flag and coat of arms of Russia. The eagle is found on the coats of arms of most princes. Today it is the coat of arms of the state. For the first time, such an image appeared at. The coat of arms of Russia is a double-headed eagle looking in different sides, indicates that the country is the successor of the Third Rome and Byzantium.
Before becoming a sign of the state, the symbol has undergone changes. Various elements were added to his image. One of the most complex emblems in the world lasted until 1917. Flags with the image of an eagle were used to mark state campaigns or served as the personal standards of the sovereign.
The meaning of the emblem of the Russian Federation is the orientation of the country to the East and West. It is understood that the state is not an element of any of the cardinal points. Russia is a combination of the best qualities of the West and the East.
The horse rider, located in the central part of the coat of arms, who kills the snake, has a rich history. In ancient Russia, this symbol was often used by princes. The horseman is the guise of a prince. Emperor Peter I decided that the coat of arms depicts St. George the Victorious.
The three crowns located at the top of the emblem did not appear immediately. During the use of the symbol, their number changed from one to three and back. Explained the existence of crowns on the emblem. The king said that they symbolize the Siberian, Kazan and Astrakhan kingdoms. It is now believed that crowns are the emblem of an independent country.
In its paws, a double-headed eagle holds a scepter and orb. In 1917, the elements were removed from the emblem. Traditionally, the orb and scepter are a symbol of state power and unity. The golden color of the bird indicates the wealth of the country, its prosperity and grace.
7 former flags of Russia
In ancient times, the banner was called the "banner". Under him gathered the army of the state. Traditionally, the color of the Russian flag is red. Under the banners of this shade, Ivan the Terrible and
During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a red banner with an image was used. Russian troops under this banner conquered Kazan. For a century and a half, the banner with Christ was the official flag of Tsarist Russia.
During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, there was no permanent banner. The troops acted under different banners. The flag of this king is symbolic. Its basis is the cross. The emblem symbolizes the mission of the state on the scale of the Universe.
Under Peter the Great, a red flag with a white border would have been approved. In the center of the banner was an eagle flying over sea water. Such a banner existed until the emperor's interest in everything European.
Peter I introduced a new flag. Outwardly, the banner resembles a modern tricolor. The emperor personally depicted the banner, on which there were horizontal stripes of white, red and blue.
In Russia, the Andreevsky flag became the state symbol in 1712. Now the banner is the military symbol of the country's fleet.
With the coming to power of the Romanov dynasty, the banner also changed. The tsar approved the banner of white-black-yellow as the official symbol of the state. The banner began to be used after the victory over the army. The black-white-yellow color was not chosen by chance. The banner is based on Russian tradition. The white tint symbolizes St. George, black - an eagle with two heads, yellow - the golden field of the coat of arms.
White-blue-red banner with an eagle - this option was approved in 1914. The banner was not considered official. The banner symbolized the unity of the people and the ruler.
The history of the Russian Federation is interesting and multifaceted. At all times, the unity of the Russian people with the ruler was of particular importance. This was symbolized by the former flags used in Russia.
The white color in the tricolor symbolizes frankness and nobility, red - love, courage and courage, and blue - loyalty and honesty. The state banner indicates the solidarity of the Russian people with the fraternal peoples. The strength of each person lies in the knowledge of the history of the country - we must not forget about it.
Plan.
I. Modern, official, state flags of Russia.
A) the state flag of Russia
B) the standard of the President of the Russian Federation
B) the banner of victory
II. History of the state flags of Russia
B) standard
III. History of the Russian flag
A) the birth of the Russian flag
B) St. Andrew's flag
C) state flags of the Russian Empire
D) flags of the Soviet era
D) the banner of Victory
IV. The modern state flag of Russia
A) the revival of the tricolor of Peter I
B) laws and decrees on the state flag, the banner of Victory
C) the meaning of the flag as a symbol of the state
Equipment:
computer presentation
Decrees and laws on the state flag of Russia, decree on the banner of Victory
Illustrations
Target:
Contribute to the formation, formation of spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of the individual.
Tasks:
To instill a sense of patriotism and civic responsibility, a respectful attitude towards the symbols of the statehood of Russia. To provide students with more complete information about the history of the appearance of the state flag of Russia, about the history of standards and banners in Russia. Increase the motivation of educational activities through the use of non-traditional forms of presentation of material, ICT tools, elements of gaming activities. Find, systematize and analyze information. Learn to analyze historical sources and draw conclusions. To teach to convey information to listeners, to defend one's point of view with reason. Develop students' creativity.
Move.
Teacher:
Today we are holding a press conference on the topic "The flag of Russia is a symbol of state power."
Our guest:
Researcher at the Institute of Statistics and Public Opinion.
Candidates historical sciences dealing with issues of flag science and sign science.
Doctor of Historical Sciences, specialist in vexillology, deals with the Soviet period in the history of our state.
Political scientist.
Our conference is attended by high school students and university students. During the conference, you can ask participants questions, take part in discussions, and answer questions.
So, we start our conference and give the floor to a statistician
Teacher:
Summing up the results of the questionnaire about symbols.
Each state has its own distinctive signs - state symbols, which include the coat of arms, flag, anthem. To know and understand their meaning is the duty of every citizen. We were destined to be born in Russia, and we must respect its symbols and history, we must be proud of our people. It is difficult to teach, it must be understood and felt. And I would very much like you to understand that the flag, coat of arms, anthem are symbols of the historical continuity of the main values of the state.
The famous Russian thinker V. Belinsky wrote: “The ancient emblem or color of the nation, like the coat of arms of an ancient family, must always and invariably be kept intact. Otherwise, the emblem itself loses its symbolic and historical meaning, does not gain popularity among the people and becomes nothing more than an official, government stamp. I would very much like this not to happen to our flag. And it depends a lot on you.
Questionnaire questions:
Question
Answers:
1. Name the symbols of state power in Russia.
2. Name the colors of the national flag of Russia and the order in which they are placed on the flag.
3. What do the colors of the national flag of Russia symbolize?
4. What is the first line of the national anthem of Russia.