Sports styles of swimming: from front crawl to butterfly. The main types and styles of swimming: classification, features and characteristics What is the name of the person who practices synchronized swimming
Synchronized swimming- This is a women's water sport, the essence of which is to perform various figures and movements in the water to the music. Synchronized swimming is an Olympic sport.
The history of synchronized swimming
Even in ancient Greece, during the holidays, young girls and boys danced in the water. Modern synchronized swimming began to emerge in Canada in the 1920s. Initially, this sport was called "water ballet". Ten years later, synchronized swimming reached America, where it became widespread and was recognized as a sport.
In 1952, the first synchronized swimming championship was held in France, in the same year it was recognized as an international sport.
In 1958, the first international competitions were held in Amsterdam, and in 1973 the first world championship in synchronized swimming was held.
In 1984, synchronized swimming was included in the program of the Olympic Games and has since been considered an Olympic sport.
Rules of synchronized swimming (briefly)
Synchronized swimming competitions are held both between duets and between teams. The synchronized swimming team consists of eight athletes. Synchronized swimmers compete in two programs (technical and free). The list and order of elements in the technical program is strictly defined by the technical committee. The program is running with arbitrary musical accompaniment.
The free program shows the beauty of this sport. Here the elements and music are only the coach's imagination. At competitions, synchronized swimmers should try to use the entire area of the pool, perform at a different pace and rhythm. The duration of the free program is 4 minutes for duets and 5 minutes for teams.
Pool for synchronized swimming
The pool for synchronized swimming should have dimensions of 20 by 30 meters, while on an area of 12 by 12 meters, the depth of the pool should be at least 3 meters. The water temperature should be 26 degrees (+/- 1 degree). The water in the pool must be transparent from the surface to the very bottom, this is necessary for an objective assessment of the elements being performed.
Refereeing in synchronized swimming
The judging system in synchronized swimming is similar to judging in figure skating. The jury evaluating the performance of synchronized swimmers consists of two groups of judges of five people each (located around the pool): one group evaluates the performance technique, and the other - artistry. The maximum score that each member of the jury can give is ten points.
Swimming is one of the most popular and massive sports. Swimming is undoubtedly one of the most beneficial types of physical activity. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with the varieties of swimming and some types of water sports.According to the classification of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) swimming as a sport, includes: competitive swimming, water polo, diving and synchronized swimming. The development of swimming in the world is coordinated by the International Swimming Federation (FINA), founded in 1908 and holding world championships since 1973, and in Europe by the European Swimming League (LEN), established in 1926 and holding European championships since 1926. In terms of the number of medals played at the Olympic Games, swimming is in second place, second only to athletics.
You can consider swimming not as a set of water sports, but from the point of view of the purpose of movement. Then swimming can be divided into several types (sports, applied, health-improving, figured, game, underwater). Each of the types of swimming is characterized by special movements or methods of movement in the aquatic environment. And the way of movement in the water, in turn, determines the technique of swimming.
We present the above in the form of a diagram and consider in more detail the types of swimming and some types of water sports.
Sports swimming
Sports swimming includes various kinds of competitions held in pools 50 or 25 meters long at a distance of 50 to 1500 meters, as well as in open water in the form of long-distance swims (5, 10, 25 km). The first swimmer (team) to reach the finish line wins.The distance must be overcome by various strictly regulated competition rules in ways. Sports swimming methods include: freestyle (crawl on the chest), butterfly (dolphin), breaststroke, backstroke (crawl on the back). In terms of speed, the fastest way to swim is front crawl, then butterfly, back crawl and breaststroke.
Swimming styles (from left to right): backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle
Sports swimming was included in the program of the First Olympic Games in 1896, held in Athens. Then the following distances were presented: 100 meters, 500 meters, 1200 meters freestyle and 100 meters for sailors.
At present olympic swimming program in a 50m pool includes 32 numbers (16 distances for men and 16 for women):
- single swimming in sports ways at various distances: freestyle (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 meters for women and 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1500 meters for men), back crawl (100 and 200 meters), breaststroke ( 100 and 200 meters), butterfly (100 and 200 meters),
- integrated swimming (200 and 400 meters). Equal segments of the distance are overcome by different ways of swimming, changing in a clear sequence;
- freestyle relay races 4 * 100 and 4 * 200 meters. Four swimmers swim alternately freestyle the same length;
- combined relay 4 * 100 meters. Each participant swims his stage in a certain way of swimming.
The program of the world championships and other international competitions is somewhat different from the Olympic one. In addition, competitions are held separately in the "short water" (in a 25-meter pool).
A variety of sports swimming are swims- swims over long distances (more than 2 km), held on natural reservoirs. Marathon swims are held at a distance of 5, 10, 25 km. There are swims up to 100 - 150 km long. Swimming participants have the right to use any swimming methods at a distance, change them while overcoming the distance, and also eat food while being in the water in an unsupported position.
Sports swimming at various distances is included as a mandatory exercise in various types all-around(modern pentathlon, officer pentathlon, etc.).
By clicking on the links you can get acquainted with the successes of Soviet and Russian Olympians, read about the outstanding swimmers and swimmers of the world, read.
Play swimming
Play swimming- this is the use of all kinds of outdoor games in the conditions of the aquatic environment. Games cause great emotions, increase activity, develop coordination, promote a sense of camaraderie and the emergence of initiative. A variety of games and entertainment are widely used in health camps and when organizing water holidays. One of these games - water polo - has become an Olympic sport.- a sports team game with a ball on the water, the goal of the game is to throw the ball into the opponent's goal as many times as possible and not let the ball into your own goal. The game takes place in a pool 30x20 meters in size, at least 180 cm deep. There are marking lines at the bottom of the water field, they are also indicated by floats of different colors along the pool border. The game involves 2 teams, 7 players each, one of them is the goalkeeper. Gate size: 3 meters wide, 90 cm high. The goalkeeper is the only player on the team who can touch the ball with both hands. The water polo ball is similar to a volleyball, it should not absorb water, the color of the ball is usually yellow, the circumference is from 68 to 71 cm, the weight is from 400 to 450 grams (3 sizes in total: for children, juniors and adults). The game consists of 4 periods, lasting 8 minutes of pure time. Each team can have possession of the ball for a maximum of 30 seconds.
Water polo was invented in the second half of the 19th century by the Scot William Wilson. The prototype of the game was rugby. Water polo is one of the oldest Olympic sports. Water polo among men's teams entered the Olympic program in 1900, and women's - only 100 years later. The largest number of medals at the Olympic Games (gold and total) was won by the Hungarian water polo players. Soviet water polo players have been participating in the Olympic Games since 1952 and have repeatedly won Olympic medals (2 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze). Russian water polo players have 1 silver and 2 bronze medals.
The World Water Polo Championship among men has been held since 1973, among women - since 1986 under the auspices of FINA.
Sports diving
Sports diving- one of the most spectacular competitions in water sports. Athletes jump from a springboard or tower, performing a number of acrobatic actions during the jump (screws, revolutions, rotations). Jumps are single and synchronized doubles. The judges evaluate the takeoff and stand on the projectile, repulsion, the quality of the performance of acrobatic elements in flight, entry into the water and synchronization (in pair jumps).Sports diving
Projectiles for jumping into the water are:
- Springboard- a special springy board, one end of which is fixed on the side of the pool. Board size: length - 4.8 meters, width 50 cm. The front edge of the springboard protrudes beyond the edge of the pool by at least 1.5 meters. Performing a ski jump, the athlete first swings on it and then, powerfully pushing off, jumps into the water. Springboard is meter and three meters.
- Tower- a structure with several platforms at different heights. Each platform is 2 meters wide and 6 meters long. The edge of the platform protrudes beyond the edge of the pool by at least 1.5 meters. Jumps are performed from a tower of 5, 7.5 and 10 meters.
As a sport, diving appeared in the middle of the 19th century in Germany. For the first time, single jumps entered the program of the Olympic Games in 1904, synchronous in 2000. The most successful athletes in this sport were athletes from the United States, who by 2013 had won more than 130 Olympic medals (more than a third of which were gold). At the Olympic Games, 8 sets of medals are played: 4 sets are played for men and women in jumping from a 3-meter springboard (single and synchronous) and a 10-meter tower (single and synchronous). Diving is included in the program of the World and European Aquatics Championships.
figure swimming
Figure (artistic, synchronized) swimming is a combination of various movements, including elements of choreography, acrobatic and gymnastic combinations. It can be performed individually (solo), in pairs and in groups. Synchronized swimming is one of the most beautiful sports.Synchronized swimming originated in Canada in the 1920s, when this type of swimming was called "water ballet". Synchronized swimming became an Olympic sport in 1984. Competitions consist of technical (mandatory) and long (free) programs. In the technical program, athletes must perform certain figures to the music. In the free program, there are no restrictions on musical or choreographic composition. A jury of 10 judges evaluates the technique and artistry of the performance on a 10-point scale. In terms of the total number of medals in the Olympic history of this sport, the Japanese are ahead (12 awards). At the Olympic Games in 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012. all gold medals were won by the Russian team - this is the largest number of gold medals in Olympic synchronized swimming.
Applied swimming
Applied swimming- the ability of a person to stay on the water (that is, to master the skill of swimming) and to perform vital actions and activities in the water.Applied swimming is used when performing certain applied tasks, such as swimming across a water barrier, helping a drowning or tired swimmer, getting objects from the bottom, transporting objects through a water barrier, etc. The ability to swim is necessary for people of many professions, for example, fishermen, fleet workers, biologists, military personnel, geologists, rescuers.
Applied Swimming Includes:
- swimming in sports, original and combined ways of swimming
- diving and underwater movement
- applied diving
- rescuing the drowning and helping tired swimmers
- swimming in extreme conditions
- overcoming water barriers
More often than others, breaststroke, breaststroke on the back, swimming on the side are used to transport drowning people; for a quick swim to the object - crawl on the chest (if the swimmer is not constrained by clothing); to overcome long distances - breaststroke, crawl on the chest without carrying out hands, for transporting goods - breaststroke on the back, breaststroke on the chest, swimming in the way on the side.
Diving and jumping into the water is of great practical importance. When diving, a slightly modified technique of sports swimming methods is used: breaststroke, crawl, or a combination of the techniques of these methods. Elements of sideways swimming and dolphin style can also be used. For a quick dive from a reference position (from the shore, boats), jumping into the water upside down and upside down is used. From a supportless position, it is also possible to dive upside down or upside down.
Saving the drowning and helping tired swimmers is also a section of applied swimming. The rescuer's actions can be divided into stages: entering the water, swimming to the victim, searching for the victim under water, freeing him from possible seizures, transporting him to the shore, and providing first aid on land. Each of these stages is very important, because the life of the rescued person (and sometimes the rescuer himself) depends on the qualifications of the rescuer.
Recreational swimming
Recreational swimming- the use of the features of swimming movements and the presence of the body in water for therapeutic, preventive, restorative, tonic, hygienic, tempering and other purposes. Swimming is one of the most effective means of recovery. Recreational swimming is used in the system of physical education of a person throughout his life, from infancy to old age. Swimming has a minimum of restrictions for people with various health problems compared to other types of physical exercise.Regular swimming lessons beneficial effect on human health and performance, trains the maximum number of organs and systems of the body, while being one of the least traumatic types of physical activity. Swimming strengthens the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, develops and strengthens the musculoskeletal system, helps to form a beautiful silhouette, allows you to control weight, improves skin smoothness. Children who swim a lot and regularly grow faster. Swimming promotes the development of endurance and coordination of movements. Swimming allows you to maintain excellent flexibility of the spine and normal range of motion of the joints until old age, and prevents the development of osteochondrosis. Swimming also has a beneficial effect on the nervous system of those involved. Swimming improves sleep, reduces stress levels, relieves tension and increases efficiency. A person who regularly goes in for swimming is less prone to colds due to the improvement of the thermoregulation mechanism.
Swimming is recommended remedy for various curvatures of the spine, posture defects, degenerative joint diseases, diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, obesity, neuroses, for recovery after operations and injuries.
Recreational swimming can use a wide variety of swimming methods (both sports and original), and special exercises in the water, elements of game swimming.
Diving
Diving- this is a person swimming under water with the help of various supporting means and devices. Scuba diving also exists as a type (more precisely, a group of types) of underwater sports. Underwater sport is a broad concept that includes a set of sports disciplines related to the athlete's stay partially or completely under the surface of the water. The International Federation of Underwater Sports is the World Confederation of Underwater Activities (CMAS), recognized by the International Olympic Committee. However, underwater sports are currently not included in the program of the Olympic Games.
Underwater sports (from left to right): underwater orienteering, fin swimming, underwater rugby, underwater shooting
The disciplines of underwater sports are:
- Apnea (freediving)
A group of underwater sports disciplines that require the athlete to perform certain exercises or cover a distance while holding his breath. Competitions are held in the pool and in open water. The following areas of apnea can be distinguished:- Dynamic apnea with and without fins (monofin). The goal is to overcome the maximum distance in length while holding the breath. Competitions are held in the pool.
- Static apnea. Purpose: to demonstrate the longest possible breath holding in a stationary state, lying on the surface of the water with the face immersed in water. Competitions are held in the pool.
- Diving with constant or variable weight. Purpose: to dive to the maximum depth while holding your breath and ascend. Depending on the variety, special equipment (drop weights, cart, fins) may or may not be used. Also, depending on the variety, descent / ascent along the cable with the help of hands is allowed or not. Competitions are held in open water.
- Apnea-square. Purpose: to overcome the maximum distance along the trajectory along the faces of a cube with a side of 15 meters. Competitions are held in open water.
- sport diving
Sports diving competitions are held in the pool in the following disciplines:- Combined swimming 300 meters. Goal: cover the distance in the shortest possible time. Part of the distance is required to go under water using a basic self-contained breathing apparatus, part - on the surface, using a breathing tube.
- Obstacle course 100 meters. Purpose: to overcome the distance in the shortest possible time, while performing certain exercises, which are a demonstration of the basic skills of a diver and overcoming special obstacles.
- Night diving. Purpose: to collect in the shortest possible time three loads, each weighing 1 kg, located at a given distance from the trigger end. A light-tight cover is put on the athlete's mask.
- Load lifting. Goal: in the shortest possible time to reach a 6-kilogram load located under water at a distance of 25 meters from the start line. Then carry out the lifting of the cargo by means of a standard buoy.
- Scuba diving with fins
The goal of finswimming competitions is to overcome the distance on/under the surface of the water in the shortest time. Athlete's equipment: swimming suit, bi-fins or monofins, mask. In this group of disciplines, there are a very large number of competitive distances, some of which are covered using a snorkel and scuba gear. - underwater orientation
Underwater orienteering competitions are held in open water. Athlete's equipment: wetsuit, scuba gear, mask, fins, magnetic compass, log (distance counter) and depth gauge. The task of the athlete is to overcome a certain route with maximum accuracy in the minimum time. The competition program includes various individual ("zones", "landmarks", "star", "map", "parallels") and group exercises ("MONK", "team search"). The results are evaluated by the accuracy of orientation and by the time to overcome the distance. - Underwater tourism
Underwater tourism - participation in expeditions to study various reservoirs. The readiness of an underwater tourist is assessed by the number and degree of complexity of expeditions, the implementation of special control standards. - Underwater sports shooting
Underwater sports shooting is the defeat of stationary and moving targets from a certain distance from an underwater gun. Shooting is carried out without scuba gear while holding the breath. Competitions are held in the pool. - spearfishing
Spearfishing is carried out in open water and involves the search for and defeat of a living target - fish for a certain time in a given area. Hunting is carried out by holding the breath. Equipment: mask, fins, spear gun or crossbow. - Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)
Aquathlon is a competition between two athletes who make short bouts in and under water while holding their breath, trying to take possession of the tape attached to the opponent's ankle. The fight takes place in the ring 5 * 5 meters, the depth of the pool is 2-6 meters. The competition consists of three 30 second rounds. Wrestlers equipment: swimming suit, fins, mask, 2 ankle cuffs, 2 fabric tapes attached to the cuffs. - Underwater hockey
The game involves 2 teams, each of which consists of 6 players equipped with fins, masks, snorkels, clubs. The object of the game is to drive the puck into the opponent's goal by pushing it along the bottom of the pool. The size of the hockey pool is 2581582 meters. The length of the gate is 3 meters. The game lasts 2 periods of 15 minutes each. - Underwater rugby
Competitions are held under water in a pool with a depth of 3.5-5 meters. On the playing field measuring 10-12 meters wide and 15-18 meters long there are 2 teams, 6 people each. Player equipment: fins, mask and snorkel. The object of the game is to drive a negatively buoyant ball into the opponent's basket at the bottom of the pool. The diameter of the basket is 40-45 cm, the diameter of the ball is 25 cm. The game lasts 2 periods of 15 minutes each. - underwater photography
Underwater photography is carried out in open water. The task of the athletes is to make the most successful photograph from an artistic point of view in a certain time and with a limited number of frames. Equipment: digital camera, basic set of diving equipment.
Hi everybody!
Regular visitors to our blog already know that relatively recently I purchased a subscription to the Champion sports complex and now I am trying to visit the pool at least 3 times a week. Here I already wrote about it.
To achieve the best effect from classes, an important factor is the correct swimming technique.
There will be separate articles on the blog on the technique of a particular swimming style, and today I will tell you what types and styles of swimming are in general.
I discarded everything superfluous from a pile of materials on the Runet and found the most basic and interesting information so that after reading the article you have a clear idea of the picture.
In general, we will deal with all the reasons that can lead a person to the pool, and find out the main ways to move in the water.
Classification of types of swimming
Friends, each of us comes to the pool with our own goals and personal desires - it is not surprising that various types of swimming are in demand in today's society.
Some need health-improving classes, others come to the sports center for the next workout, dreaming of getting into the national team for the Olympic Games. ?
In general, it is on the track that the patient, the future record holder and the novice player of the water polo team can meet.
Thus, I present to your attention the classification of the main types of swimming with brief characteristics arising from each category:
Each of the above types of swimming can significantly improve overall health by increasing the efficiency of internal organs and normalizing many biological processes in the body. Not weak, right? ?
It is enough just to visit the pool regularly, following the training program planned for the day. I also want to note the following nuance - with the benefits of swimming specifically for the spine, you can find in this article posted earlier on our blog.
Basic swimming styles
Having dealt with the types of such physical activity, I propose to move on to the next pressing question: What are the styles of swimming?
Unfortunately, I will not consider options for diving and playing sports, because these are still specialized areas.
I will acquaint our readers with the main swimming styles with which you can move within the pool path:
- Breaststroke(symmetrical movements of the arms from the chest, while jerking movements are made with the legs; in other words, this technique is popularly called “frog-like”).
- Crawl(hands are alternately stroked, and the legs act as "scissors", working like a motor).
- On the back(the swimming technique of this style is similar to crawl, only the difference lies in the position of the body relative to the horizon - a person moves in the water on his back, while his arms do not bend during movements).
- "Butterfly"(the body rises above the water when powerful strokes are synchronously performed with straightened arms; visually, an athlete moving using this technique resembles a butterfly, so the name of this method is appropriate).
- Freestyle(in this form, all of the above methods are combined; when passing the distance, the swimmer independently chooses a convenient way for him to move in the water).
I would also like to determine from the above varieties which swimming style is faster. I will not go around and around - this is a crawl. With the help of this technique of movement in water, it is possible to overcome impressive distances in a short period.
However, I note that the athlete also gets tired quickly. To swim crawl, you need excellent physical fitness and, of course, a healthy body.
An important clarification: “Swimming is a complex of characteristic actions of an athlete that comply with certain rules.
Well, if it’s simpler, the swimmer’s body must be in the water without support (suspended state), in a horizontal position, while the exhalation is invariably longer than the inhalation. It is by such criteria that the intricate terminology is explained. ?
Contraindications for swimming
Swimming is deservedly considered one of the safest types of physical activity. Everything is explained by the beneficial effect of water on the human body. However, even for wellness methods, there are a number of contraindications that prohibit patients from visiting the pool:
- Congenital heart defects or other genetic pathologies.
- Dangerous stages of tuberculosis and syphilis.
- Violations in the work of internal organs, which do not exclude the risk of bleeding.
- Severe bowel disorder.
- Joint damage (dislocations, bruises and other injuries).
- Acute renal, cardiac or hepatic insufficiency.
- Infection with viral infections (ARVI).
- Skin diseases, implying purulent and inflammatory processes.
- Anatomical anomalies that make it impossible to fully move in the water.
- Observation of allergic reactions.
- Epilepsy.
- Predisposition to convulsions.
- Susceptibility to fever.
As you have noticed, the list contains mainly chronic diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes or severe malfunctions in the functioning of internal organs. In general, swimming is prohibited only in severe cases.
Friends, be sure to keep in mind that the pool is a public place in which there is a variety of harmful microbes and other microorganisms. Remember that neglecting the above rules - unjustified risk.
Did you know: “It is always important to know in advance about the condition of the water in the pool. Do not be lazy and be sure to regularly ask the workers of the complex about the concentration of chlorine in the liquid.
It is this chemical element that is used to disinfect water. By the way, carrying out such a procedure is prescribed directly in sanitary standards.
So that's what I'm all about, an excessive concentration of chlorine negatively affects health - swimmers show severe allergic reactions, diarrhea is observed, problems with the skin, nails and hair arise.
If any of the Start-health subscribers have already tried various swimming styles on their personal experience, then be sure to share your feelings with us!
Friends, perhaps you can help blog visitors make their choice by advising the best type of movement in the water.
Still have questions about the types of swimming? We will gladly answer them. If you have noticed, we are always happy to have a lively conversation in the comments! ?
And, here are some more forgotten styles of swimming. It turns out that I am swimming in “saddles”. ?
Unfortunately, it's time to say goodbye! See you soon, bye!
Sports swimming originated at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. Among the first swimming competitions were the swimming competitions in 1515 in Venice. The first swimming schools appeared in the second half of the 18th century, and in the middle of the 19th century, the construction of artificial pools began in a number of countries.
Swimming became especially popular at the end of the 19th century. In 1890, the first European swimming championship was held. In 1894, swimming competitions were included in the program of the modern Olympic Games, which had a great influence on the development of all types of swimming.
In the USSR, the first swimming competitions took place in 1918 in Moscow. In 1920 V.N. Peskov organized the Dolphin sports swimming society, which had an outdoor pool. Several swimming schools opened in Moscow in the 1920s. In 1921, the first championship of the USSR was played on the Moscow River. Swimming competitions were included in the program of the USSR Olympics in 1928. And with
Benefit
The benefits of exercise for physical and mental health are immeasurable.
Swimming is an ideal activity for people of all ages and abilities. During swimming, the body is supported by water so that there is no undue stress on any muscle group or joint. Swimming can be an exercise or an enjoyable pastime that can be enjoyed all year round. They can be practiced in the sea, river or swimming pool. You can start classes in early childhood and continue until old age.
Swimming belongs to the category of aerobic exercise, which means training the cardiovascular system. Swimming lowers the resting heart rate and increases the power of the heart. It makes the heart pump blood efficiently and efficiently.
Continuous footwork at a fast pace with constant overcoming of water resistance, performed in a supportless position, trains the muscles and ligaments of the ankle joint, helps to form and strengthen the children's foot.
The amazing features of swimming include its extraordinary accessibility for all children - girls and boys, children with spinal curvature, some cardiac disorders, the consequences of polio, cerebral palsy, and weakened people. There are cases when children with physical disabilities come to swim for purely therapeutic purposes - and become famous athletes.
Water exercises are an additional good stretch. Smoothness of movement helps to lengthen and stretch the muscles rather than increase their volume, making it possible to look more harmonious, healthy and strong.
Water relieves excess pressure on bones, joints and muscles. There are no rough or abrupt movements shaking the body. It is one of the safest forms of exercise a person can find.
rules
In swimming, competitions are held and records are recorded in the following ways and distances:
freestyle
50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500 m;
breaststroke
50, 100, 200 m;
butterfly
50, 100, 200 m;
on the back
50, 100, 200 m;
integrated swimming
100, 200, 400 m;
freestyle relay
4x50, 4x100, 4x200 m;
medley relay
4x50, 4x100 m.
By the nature of swimming competitions are divided into personal and personal-team. In individual competitions, the results and places are counted for each individual participant. In individual-team competitions, the results and places are counted simultaneously for individual participants and the team as a whole.
The main types of swimming:
Crawl. The fastest way to swim. A style of belly swimming in which the left and right side of the body stroke alternately. Each arm makes a wide stroke along the axis of the swimmer's body, during which the legs, in turn, also alternately rise and fall. The face of the swimmer is in the water, and only periodically during the stroke does the head turn to take a breath.
Breaststroke. This ancient way of swimming was already known to people in the first half of the 16th century. Breaststroke is a swimming style on the chest, in which the arms and legs perform symmetrical movements in a plane parallel to the surface of the water. Reminds me of the movement of a frog.
butterfly.One of the most technically difficult swimming styles. This is a style of swimming on the stomach, in which the left and right parts of the body simultaneously make symmetrical movements: the arms make a wide and powerful stroke that lifts the swimmer's body above the water, the legs and pelvis make wave-like movements. Butterfly is one of the most difficult swimming methods and is considered the second fastest after the front crawl. With his feet, the athlete, as in a breaststroke, makes frog movements, he simultaneously carries both hands over his head, puts it in front of him on the water and makes another stroke. His hands flutter over the water like the wings of a large butterfly. Butterfly, which in translation from English just means “butterfly”, is second in speed after crawl.
Briefly about the types of swimming: which one is better to choose? Swimming figure
Swimming is a popular sport that can transform the body beyond recognition. It suits everyone without exception. A harmonious combination of aerobic and power loads on a variety of muscle groups train endurance and change the physique. It is a great alternative to the gym, plus the risk of injury is minimal here.
Swimming benefits the figure after half an hour of being in the water and is tantamount to a long cardio workout. Improves posture, strengthens the legs, dorsal, pectoral, shoulder, neck muscles. After two months of regular training, a sports figure is acquired.
swimmer figure
Tall people are considered to be born swimmers, in whom the distance between the tips of the middle fingers of their outstretched hands is greater than their height. It depends on the parameters of the body which swimming style is better to choose: long - swimming on the back, short - breaststroke, muscular - butterfly. Even if natural data is far from ideal, regular exercise will help change the body.
The integral components of the swimmer's figure:
- developed back muscles - regular training strengthens the muscles of the entire back, improves posture;
- large shoulders - with a physique in the form of a downward looking triangle, they are exceptionally developed;
- triceps - inflated arm muscles;
- slim waist;
- wide chest;
- formed abdominal muscles;
- flexible shoulders and back.
In order to get the look of your dreams and gain the figure of a swimmer, you need hard training for at least a year. You also need to devote time to other sports, giving preference to strength training.
How swimming affects the figure
During swimming, the body experiences complex loads on almost all muscle groups. Regular trips to the pool will help to work out all the bodies from the legs to the neck.
To obtain the desired result and body correction in the right direction, it is necessary to use different styles of swimming:
- freestyle (front crawl) - pumps the muscles of the chest, affects the legs and back, the shoulders and arms are under water and are the least susceptible to changes;
- breaststroke - the shoulder girdle is pumped (front delta, a little less - rear delta), back, arms, the latissimus trapezius muscles work well;
- butterfly - the muscles of the shoulders, chest, back, legs are pumped, the spine is “straightened”;
- on the back - the muscles of the legs and shoulders are pumped, it will help get rid of excess on the sides.
The most effective types are butterfly and crawl. In order for the training to bring the greatest result, it is better to warm up for 15 minutes (freestyle swimming), actively swim for 15 minutes, and then just lie on the surface of the water for 5 minutes. Repeat this sequence.
Water is denser than air and has more resistance, which means more tension on the muscles. Therefore, body shaping requires less exercise than in the gym. The pool helps to develop muscles in the dorsal, shoulder, cervical, lumbar regions, the legs become slimmer, the correct posture is formed, the joints are strengthened.
How swimming affects the figure of a woman / girl
A large chest and broad shoulders are the effect of exercising in the pool, which excites women the most. But if the visits are reduced to two classes per week, and the distance is up to 500 meters at a time, then such consequences can be avoided.
Classes in the pool are addressed to increase endurance, and not to build muscle. The figure becomes more toned, the muscles of the legs, hips, buttocks, abdomen, arms, shoulders are strengthened.
Read more:
Swimming for cellulite
A thin waist is promoted by crawl swimming, thanks to active turns, while the load on the lumbar region is not significant. Breaststroke will tighten the inner and lateral surface of the thighs, get rid of cellulite. Crawl will increase quadriceps, hamstrings and buttocks.
In general, swimming has a beneficial effect on the figure of women: the calf muscle is formed, riding breeches disappear, the stomach is tightened, the chest muscles become more elastic, the muscles of the back and shoulders are strengthened, as a result of which the posture improves.
Read more:
Why is swimming good for varicose veins?
How swimming affects the figure of a man
Swimming is the ideal sport for men. Swimmers are usually moderately thin, with broad shoulders, long and flexible limbs, and well-developed abs.
If nature has not rewarded with such data, then do not despair, swimming has an extremely beneficial effect on the figure of men. Progress will be noticeable after two months of regular training. A year later, the body will take the form of an inverted triangle. The shoulder and spinal muscles are worked out due to active loads on them. The chest expands due to breath control. All this makes the torso wider.
To gain muscle mass, you need to practice swimming with weights. The body will not be angular, but streamlined - this is due to the resistance of water.
The combination of the following styles will bring the greatest result: front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly. The most powerful and loading the upper body is the butterfly. Legs, gluteal muscles and arms pump up the breaststroke. To balance the body in water, a press is used, which actively works with wave-like movements.
The ideal training option is considered to be alternating swims in the pool and in open water. Observing simple requirements, you can change your figure beyond recognition. The most developed male body is achieved through swimming and power loads.
Swimming will help to change the figure even for those who have problems with the joints, back, who are very overweight or those who cannot go to the gym for other reasons. Pleasant bonuses to the changed image will be positive emotions and a very strong immunity, which is also an additional incentive to improve your figure.
swimpower.com
Types of swimming, water sports, classification
People are very fond of water and swimming, because a person has been growing and developing in the aquatic environment for 9 months. Swimming is very good for health, read about it here. Let's now analyze what kind of water types of swimming exist.Types of swimming:
- Sports swimming
- Diving
- Play swimming
- baby swimming
- Diving
- Underwater rugby
- Recreational swimming
- Aqua aerobics
Diving
An independent sport, 1904 included in the program of the Olympic Games. Jumps into the water are performed from a springboard of 1 and 3 meters and from towers of 5 and 10 meters. Recently, a new and spectacular discipline has appeared - synchronized diving.
Play swimming
Water polo. An exciting and spectacular view of swimming. Included in the program of the Olympic Games since 1908. At first, competitions were held only among men's teams, now women also play water polo.
figure swimming
Synchronized swimming. Since 1984, it has been included in the program of the Olympic Games, only women participate, the participation of men is discussed. Synchronized swimming is a beautiful and spectacular kind of swimming; athletes perform in teams of 8 people, in duets and solo. Russian synchronized swimmers from year to year show the highest results under the guidance of head coach Pokrovskaya.
marathon swimming
High-speed view of open water swimming: lake, river, sea, ocean. It has been gaining popularity lately. Since 2008, it has been included in the program of the Olympic Games.
Aqua aerobics
A new type of swimming is gaining popularity among the adult population of the country. Water aerobics is the performance of physical exercises to the music, the coach stands on the side of the pool and shows the exercises, the trainees repeat after him, listening to commands and instructions. Water aerobics classes use a variety of equipment. The duration of the lesson is from 40 minutes to 1 hour.
Diving
Independent sport. It requires the athlete to have good physical data: the ability to swim and dive, and to hold their breath for a long time. Since 1968, competitions have been held in the following types of scuba diving: speed swimming, underwater orientation, underwater shooting.
Underwater orientation: instrumental scuba diving and search. The final result is evaluated by the speed and accuracy of reaching the finish line.
Sports underwater shooting. This is shooting under water at targets, including fish.
Underwater rugby
Team play underwater with a ball filled with saline. The goal of the game is to get the ball into the opponent's basket. The basket is under water at a depth of up to 4 meters. Athletes are equipped with fins and masks. Physically difficult sport, the game takes place on holding the breath. Read more - read here.Sports swimming as a separate type of swimming is part of the all-around: pentathlon and triathlon (swimming in open water).
triathlon
A sport that includes three disciplines: swimming, cycling and road running. Athletes consistently participate in this type of competition. First, they swim in open water for 1500 meters, then, going ashore, they change clothes and sit on a bicycle, the length of the bike section is 40 km, after which they run for 10 km. Since 2000, triathlon has been included in the program of the Olympic Games.
swimminginfo.ru
Styles and types of swimming - photo, description and characteristics of methods
Which swimming method to choose?
Joints and ligaments, the spine are unloaded in water, which makes it possible to engage in such water “physical education” even for those who suffer from diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system. With stoop and increased chest bend (hyperkyphosis), it is advisable to choose the method of swimming on the stomach. In this case, the back extension of the spine occurs. And, as a result, posture correction. And for those who have been diagnosed with flattening of the thoracic curve of the spine, on the contrary, it is better to swim on your back. Those who have not been involved in sports for a long time or the elderly should give preference to the breaststroke. Body weight in water decreases by almost 10 times. This is another plus for physically unprepared people.
However, the positive effects of swimming, regardless of the chosen style or location, in a pool or a river, are significant. People who prefer this sport have a much lower risk of injury.
We have already talked about the benefits of swimming in general for the body, but it would not be out of place to recall that this type of physical activity helps strengthen the heart and blood vessels, as well as lower blood pressure. Thus, among professional swimmers, there are two times fewer people suffering from arterial hypertension than among athletes of other sports.
Swimming is a versatile form of exercise. This sport can be played by children and adults of all ages. It is also shown to people suffering from overweight.
24health.by
Swimming - the world of swimming
Swimming is a broad concept. It has many different meanings. We consider swimming as the movement of a person in water without devices. Swimming is divided into the following types: sports, applied, synchronized (figure) and auxiliary.
Swimming harmoniously develops the muscles of a person, improves the activity of the heart. The swimmer has to overcome the water pressure on the chest (especially when inhaling), reaching 12-15 kg. Considering that for every thousand meters a swimmer takes about 500 breaths, that in one training session he swims from 3 to 8000 meters and each time overcomes this pressure, it is easy to imagine what an excellent gymnastics for the development of the respiratory muscles and respiratory organs is swimming. .
Swimming is a hygienic sport. During swimming, water cleanses the skin of dirt, sweat, grease; the swimmer breathes moist, cool and clean air. The sun's rays kill pathogenic bacteria on human skin. Exposure to sun, air and water baths, combined with rhythmic swimming movements and rhythmic breathing, improves metabolism.
Swimming is a vital applied skill. The ability to swim not only allows people to swim through water obstacles, but, most importantly, protects them from death in various accidents on the water. He who knows how to swim will not drown himself and can save another.
Swimming has educational value. In a properly organized process of studying and improving swimming techniques, in the process of training and competition, not only the physical qualities of a swimmer develop and improve - strength, speed, endurance, agility, but also willpower, perseverance, courage, determination, confidence, discipline.
Swimming brings up aesthetic feelings, in particular this applies to figure (artistic) swimming, which includes various individual and team exercises and rebuilding in the water to the music. Figure swimming has become more and more popular in recent years.
Swimming is available to a person from early childhood, from 3-4 years old, and to old age. Swimming is successfully practiced by both men and women. Due to these features, and also due to the fact that swimming is a great pleasure, it has become widespread. Hundreds of millions of children, young and old people rush to ponds and pools in summer to refresh themselves and swim in the cool water. Numerous winter pools with warm water are built for swimming in the cold season. As a sport, swimming is popular everywhere, especially in hot countries and countries in the temperate climate zone. Swimming is included in the program of the Olympic Games, in which the best swimmers in the world participate. In addition, continental championships are periodically held, including European championships.
Swimming ranks are included in the Unified Sports Classification. This classification provides for the assignment of sports categories to swimmers - I, II, III kms and the category of master of sports. Unlike many other sports in swimming, there are sports categories for boys and girls, girls and girls, starting from the age of 12. This is a characteristic feature of swimming - its accessibility for children and adolescents.
www.mirplavanie.com
Synchronized Swimming - Grading System
Evaluation is made by seven judges who award points from 0 to 10 (half a point may be awarded). In synchronized swimming, five of the 100 possible figures are selected for the compulsory program.
This is done by drawing lots before the start of the competition, whereby 3 exercises must not exceed the difficulty level 1.7 (1st series) and 2 exercises must exceed the degree of difficulty 1.7 (2nd series). Every four years, figures of the 1st and 2nd series are re-approved by the International Figure Swimming Commission under the International Swimming Federation.
Each exercise is performed separately, without musical accompaniment. A score is given for it, which is derived as follows: the minimum and maximum marks are excluded from the seven given, then the arithmetic mean is derived from the remaining five, which is compared with the degree of difficulty of the exercise performed.
It is much more difficult to evaluate a free program that is performed with musical accompaniment. Each of the seven judges must take into account the degree of synchronism, the degree of complexity of figures and movements, expressiveness, the compositional embodiment of the program, the perfection of movements in the water, the coordination of actions between the participants, the depth of the theme, the selection of costumes, the type and originality of the program.
The duration of the free program should not exceed 5 minutes. The introductory movements included in the program on land should not be performed longer than 20 seconds.
In synchronized swimming competitions, the mark is given for the execution of a program consisting of 8 drawings, a prologue and an epilogue. Drawings are selected and compiled using a catalog of drawings, and in competitions of groups consisting of eight people, the degree of complexity of all exercises should not exceed 16.5 points, and in competitions of groups consisting of twelve athletes - 20 points.
world-sport.org
Synchronized Swimming - Technique
The technique of figure swimming includes various methods of swimming, "paddle", working out compulsory figures and the formation of patterns.
Swimming styles
Athletes must master the following swimming styles:
- crawl,
- on the back,
- breaststroke,
- butterfly,
- on the side
- as well as variations of these methods.
Mastery of these styles is a necessary prerequisite for practicing figure swimming. However, the technical principle of their reproduction in figure swimming changes:
- the face is constantly above the water;
- so that the athlete can follow the musical rhythm, maintain orientation in space and coordinate her movements with the movements of her partners;
- vigorous footwork takes place deep under water so that splashes do not appear on the surface;
- hand movements are stylized, their tempo, direction, form and emphasis depend on the music, the theme and the level of the team's preparedness.
"Paddeln"
While paddling is generally not recognized as a swimming style, it is extremely important in figure swimming. "Paddle" is a small movement of the arms and hands that increase buoyancy and allow you to perform a variety of movements in the water.
"Paddle" in the position lying on the Back in place (the hands move on the sides at a level slightly below the hips) is often the starting and final position when performing figures in synchronized swimming. "Paddle" serves to move the body forward when changing patterns, unless the transition is carried out under water.
figures
According to the international classification, figures in synchronized swimming are divided into five groups (“ballet position”, “dolphin”, “counter-dolphin”, “somersault” and “diverse”) and are indicated by numbers. For the figures of the “ballet position” group, a leg raised vertically above the surface of the water with a drawn toe is characteristic.
In the starting position, the athlete lies on her back on the surface of the water with an absolutely extended body position. Individual figures are performed by rotation around the longitudinal and transverse axes, as well as various forms of immersions and ascents.
For groups "dolphin" and "counterdolphin" it is typical to swim in a circle, which begins with a dive in the position on the back and ends with an ascent in the same position. In the figures of the "dolphin" group, the circle swims head first, the "counter-dolphin" group - feet first.
Slight bending of one leg at the knee, pulling the toes, rotation around the longitudinal axis, continuous swimming of two circles to perform the figure of a horizontally lying eight, simultaneous swimming of the circle by two or more participants - all these are significant possibilities for varying the figures of these groups.
While in other sports, at least one full turn is required to perform a somersault, in figure swimming a quarter turn is regarded as a somersault. So, for example, the first figure in the “somersault” group “barracuda” consists of diving head first in the supine position, followed by the removal of the legs bent at the hip joints above the surface of the water.
This group also includes rotations performed with the legs bent at the knees and hip joints (in the “group” position) or only in the hip joints. Directly adjacent to the rotations is a movement that ensures the removal of the legs vertically above the surface of the water.
However, the legs should not "freeze" in this position above the water. The diverse group includes all other forms of movement, which consist of handstands, flips, spins on the surface of the water, and figures.
Drawing education
The technique of formation of patterns in synchronized swimming does not imply the possession of a large number of forms of movement. The body of an athlete in the supine position is flatly extended on the surface of the water. She should be able to stay in this position for a long time without moving her arms and legs.
At the same time, the arms can be pressed against the body, half-lowered in relation to the body, spread out in different directions, half-raised or raised vertically above the head. The pelvic muscles are tense. Extended legs with pointed toes can be closed or spread apart.
The basis of the drawings are triangles, quadrilaterals and circles, which can be converted into crosses, stars and other drawings. Athletes hold on to each other (connection methods: hand to hand, foot to foot, foot to head, foot to hand, etc.). By closing and spreading their arms and legs, the athletes can, as it were, make the drawings move.
You can achieve an increase in the effect by forming circles. A very effective and difficult exercise in synchronized swimming (group) is the “wheel”. This exercise does not consist in creating a pattern on the surface of the water, but is a figure in constant motion.
All athletes of one group lie on their backs in one row, touching their partner's head with their feet. The first dives head first, as in the exercises of the "dolphin" group, and swims under everything nearby. She is under water until, having emerged, her head touches the legs of the last participant in the row. Since the movement of the whole group is continuous and the connection "head to foot" is not broken, the swimmers depict a spinning "dolphin" wheel.
world-sport.org
figure swimming
figure swimmingRussian-Finnish dictionary. 2015.
- figure skating
- braces
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