Orthodox Christian Russian-English translator's dictionary. Control questions for section C
Christianity. Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 3 vols. M., 1993–1995.
Internet resources
In the online library of Yakov Krotov: www. krotov. info
Seminar plans.
Seminar 1.
1. What does philosophy investigate?
2. Why is it so important to understand the "beginning" of every thing?
3. How do you understand Aristotle's words “Philosophy begins with wonder”?
4. Why does Aristotle consider philosophy a useless science and therefore
5. Is there a difference between wisdom (sophia) and philosophy?
6. Why does Aristotle call the first philosophers physicists (physiologists)?
What is physis?
7. What did the first philosophers consider to be the beginning of the universe?
Literature
Sources
Aristotle "Metaphysics" (book 1, see attachment) - must read
additional literature
1. History of philosophy (under the editorship of Vasiliev, Krotov, Bugai, pp. 47-55)
2. Gasparov M.L. "Entertaining Greece" (see attachment)
Seminar 2
Philosophy of Pythagoras.
1. The nature of the Pythagorean union as a philosophical and religious-political association. Mathematics and Acousmatics.
4. Cosmogony of the Pythagoreans.
5. Orphic-Pythagorean doctrine of "metempsychosis".
6. The concept of arithmos. Theory of even and odd numbers, the doctrine of harmony, proportions, the "sacred tetraktida", the discovery of harmonic intervals, the construction of regular polyhedra.
Literature.
Sources
1. Fragments of early Greek philosophers, ed. A. V. Lebedeva
2. Diogenes Laerstsky “On the life, teachings and sayings of famous philosophers”
(chapter VII)
.ua/books/diogenl/txt08.htm
additional literature
1. Gaidenko P.P. "The evolution of the concept of science". Chapter "Pythagoreanism".
/library/gaid/2.html
2. History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V.
Bugai. Pages 49-51.
/books/philosoph/mgu-ist_filosofii-2005-8l.pdf
Seminar 3. Philosophy of Heraclitus
1. Heraclitus of Ephesus. Biographical evidence.
2. The problem of reconstruction of the work "On Nature" (Diels-Krantz,
Markovich, Lebedev).
3. On the meaning of the Heraclitean "logos". What, according to Heraclitus, is
true knowledge, and that polyknowledge. Heraclitus' ideas of wisdom
(sophia) as revelations (aletheia) of nature (physis).
4. The fluid nature of the sensible world and the circulation of things in it. The doctrine of
elements and world fire. Ekpurosis. Way up and way down.
5. Struggle and unity of opposites.
6. The idea of the soul as the beginning of sensation and thought in man.
7. Interpretation of sayings.
1) Multi-knowledge does not teach to be smart, otherwise it would have taught Hesiod and
Pythagoras, as well as Xenophanes and Hecateus.
2) War is the father of everything and everything is the king; one she determined to be gods,
other people; some she made slaves, others free.
3) Hidden harmony is better than explicit.
4) Immortals are mortal, mortals are immortal; each other's death
live, they die each other's lives.
5) Death of fire - birth of air and death of air - birth of water. From
death of the earth, water is born, from the death of water, air is born, [from
death] air-fire, and vice versa.
6) Nature loves to hide.
7) This cosmos, the same for all that exists, did not create any
god and no man - but he always was, is and will be forever alive
fire, kindling by measures and extinguishing by measures.
8) You cannot enter the same river twice.
Literature
Sources
1. Dynnik M. Fragments of Heraclitus (fragments from the text of Heraclitus +
research on Heraclitus)
/library/antiq/geraklit/index.html
2. Fragments of early Greek philosophers, ed. Makovelsky
/books/item/f00/s00/z0000120/index.shtml
3. Fragments of early Greek philosophers, ed. A. V. Lebedeva
/Person/Lib/Filosoph/N_9.htm
4. Diogenes Laertes. On the life, teachings and sayings of famous philosophers /
Per. M.L. Gasparov. M., 1979 Chapter “Heraclitus of Ephesus”
/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_00.htm
additional literature
1. History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V.
Bugai.. M., 2005. pp. 51-52.
/books/philosoph/mgu-ist_filosofii-2005-8l.pdf
2.Zeller E. Essays on the history of Greek philosophy. SPb., 1996.
3. Rozhansky I.D. Early Greek philosophy//Fragments of early Greek
philosophers. Part 1, ed. Rozhansky.
4.Cassidy, F.H. Heraclitus, M. 1982
5. Gasparov M. L. Entertaining Greece (see attachment)
Seminar 4.
Philosophy of the Eleatics.
Questions for the seminar.
1. Xenophanes of Colophon:
a) Criticism of anthropomorphism in traditional religion;
b) The doctrine of a single and incorporeal god.
2. Parmenides. Poem "About Nature". Ontology and epistemology of Parmenides:
a) two paths: the path "is" and the path "is not";
b) characterization of being;
c) connection of existence/non-existence and thinking. Interpretation of the thesis "One and the same -
think and be";
d) opposition of truth and opinion, rational and sensual.
"The opinions of mortals" in the second part of the poem.
5. Zeno:
a) Zeno's aporias as an objection to criticism of the teachings of Parmenides;
b) the meaning of the term "aporia";
c) aporias of the multitude. Aporias of movement ("Achilles", "The Flying Arrow",
"Dichotomy", "Stages").
6. Meliss. New characteristics of the truly existing.
Literature
Sources
1. Fragments of the early Greek philosophers / Underg. A.V. Lebedev. (sections,
dedicated to Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno)
/Person/Lib/Filosoph/Index.htm
2. Xenophanes. Sillas (see attachment)
3. Parmenides. About nature (see attachment)
4. Aristotle. Physics. Book VI, chapter 99 // Aristotle. Compositions: V
4 vols. T. 3. M., 1981. S. 199–201. (In the VIth book of "Physics" Aristotle
talks about motion and in the 9th chapter refutes Zeno.) (see attachment)
5. Diogenes Laertes. About Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno, Melissa (Book IX):
/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_07.htm#99
additional literature
1. History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V. Bugai.
Pages 60-64
/books/philosoph/mgu-ist_filosofii-2005-8l.pdf
2.P. P. Gaidenko History of Greek philosophy in its connection with science. (Chapter
second
ELEA SCHOOL AND THE FIRST STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF INFINITY) -
/history/16/gaydenko/gayd_14.html#3
3. Dobrokhotov A.L. Presocratic doctrine of being. M., 1980
.ua/books/dobro01/txt01.htm
Seminar 5
1. Empedocles. Poems "On Nature" and "Purification". Cosmological formula of Empedocles: 4+2.
2. Anaxagoras. Cosmological formula of Anaxagoras: "All in all". The doctrine of the nous.
7. Leucippus and Democritus. "Ideal" structure of atoms. The theory of knowledge of Democritus. The concept of eidola. The principle of "like is known by like".
Sources:
Empedocles. Excerpts from the poem "On Nature". / Per. G.I. Yakubanis //
Lucretius On the Nature of Things. T.2. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1947, p. 663–676.
/Biblio/empedokl2.htm
Empedocles. Fragments of their poem "Purification" // Semushkin A.V. Empedocles. 2nd
ed. M., 1994.
/Biblio/empedokl.htm
Ancient Greek atomists. / Per. A.O. Makovelsky. Baku, 1949.
(Lebedev's edition only covers Empedocles and Anaxagoras.)
Lurie S.Ya. Democritus: texts, translation, research. L., 1970.
(/filf/rpha/lib/Demokrit/uchenie.txt- very bad
scanning)
Diogenes Laertes. About Anaxagoras - book. II, about Empedocles - book. VIII, oh
Democritus - Prince. IX.
/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_00.htm
additional literature.
Gaidenko P.P. The history of Greek philosophy in its connection with science (about
eleats):
/library/gaid/4.html
Vizgin V.P. The relationship of ontology and physics in the atomism of Democritus.
http://en.philosophy.kiev.ua/iphras/library/phusis/01.html
Yakubanis G. Empedocles: philosopher, doctor, sorcerer. Kyiv, 1994.
Seminar 6
Sophists and Socrates.
1) Paideia: sophists as educators. Basics
"encyclopedic" education. Criticism of traditional religious
representations. Sophistry. Method of dyssoi logoi, "double speeches".
Contrasting physis and nomos. "Anthropological turn". Protagoras
and his thesis "man is the measure of all things". Gorgias and his refutation
Eleatic metaphysics ("On nature, or On non-existent").
2) Abbreviated. History of the life and death of Socrates. Main Sources: Xenophon
and Plato. Socrates and the Sophists: similarities and differences. "Methods" of Socrates:
dialectics, maieutics and irony. "Ignorance" Claim: Interpretation
Delphic oracle. Identification of knowledge and virtue. Daimonion
Socrates. Philosophy as "service to God". The principle of "Know thyself".
The Trial of Socrates and the Judgment of Socrates.
Texts for discussion.
1. Plato. Apology of Socrates
.ua/books/plato01/01apols.htm
or
Plato. Hippias the Less
.ua/books/plato01/07gippm.htm
2. Makovelsky A. O. Sophists (see attachment) - I do not insist that you all
read this text in its entirety, but I recommend that everyone read it
those who will write an essay on the sophists.
3. History of Philosophy (V. Vasiliev, A. Krotov, D. Bugai), pp.69-75.
Seminar 7
Task for the seminar
Read Plato's Phaedo
Dialogue see here
.ua/books/plato01/19fedon.htm
Answer the questions
1. Philosopher's attitude to life and death
2. Plato's idea of the world of true being and the world of becoming.
3. The relation of soul and body as the central point of Plato's anthropology.
4. Teachings about anamnesis (knowledge as recollection) and metempsychosis
(transmigration of souls).
5. Four arguments of Plato in favor of the immortality of the soul.
6. Ethical conclusions from the doctrine of the soul.
Further Reading (optional reading)
1. Diogenes Laertes ON THE LIFE, TEACHINGS AND SAYINGS OF FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS,
Book III “Plato”
/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_04.htm
2. Vasilyeva T.V. Soul and Cognition / Path to Plato, M.1999 (see attachment)
Seminar 8.
1. Virtue as the arete of man.
2. Basic virtues of the state. The principle of "fairness".
3. Connection with psychology: the tripartite structure of the soul and the tripartite
state structure. 4. Correct and incorrect state
devices.
5. Ideal state of Plato. Its structure. Why at the head
state should be a philosopher?
6. Educational project Plato (the sciences that make up the educational
Plato's cycle; terms of study).
7. The relationship between education and the prosperity of the state.
8. Plato's attitude to the arts.
Literature
Plato. State (see attachment).
Textbook of Krotov-Bugai (corresponding chapters)
T. Vasilyeva. Path to Plato. (III. IDEAL STATE, IDEAL
CITIZEN, IDEAL PERSON)
Seminar 9.
Aristotle.
1. Life and writings.
a) Biography of Aristotle. Academy and Lyceum.
b) History of Corpus Aristotelicum and its structure.
c) The problem of translating Aristotle's writings into new languages. Russians
translations of "Metaphysics" (A.V. Kubitsky, M.I. Itkin, translation by Rozanov and
Pervova, books I-V).
d) Aristotle's contribution to science. Aristotle's contribution to the development of philosophical
terminology (matter, form, essence, energy, entelechy).
2. Logic. "Organon" as a tool of scientific knowledge.
3. The philosophical system of Aristotle. The principle of dividing sciences into theoretical
and practical. "The Theoretical Science of First Principles and Causes".
Essence Doctrine, four meanings of cause, hyle and morphe (VI–VIII
book). The doctrine of dynamis and energeia (IX book). The doctrine of the mind
prime mover, theology of Aristotle (XII book). Criticism of Platonovskaya
theory of ideas (XIII-XIV books).
Main literature
1. Fragments from the treatises of Aristotle - see Attachment (pp. 1-11)
2. Vasiliev, Krotov, Bugay. History of Philosophy (corresponding to the chapter on Aristotle)
Additional literature.
Vasilyeva T.V. Athens School of Philosophy. M., 1985.
Zubov V.P. Aristotle. 2nd ed. M., 2000
Losev A.F. Aristotle and the Late Classic. M., 1975.
Losev A.F., Takho-Godi A.A. Plato. Aristotle. M., 1993.
Heidegger M. On the essence and concept of physis: Aristotle. Physics B-1 / Per.
T.V. Vasilyeva. M., 1995.
Chanyshev A.N. Aristotle. M., 1987.
Seminar 10.
1. Understand the basic terms of Aristotelian philosophy: hyle and
morphe , dynamis and energeia, enteleheia (see file with fragments from
works of Aristotle)
2. There will be a report on the Aristotelian doctrine of the soul. Read "About the Soul"
Book 2, chapters 1-3,
Book 3 chapters 4-6
and politics)
1. The subject and tasks of ethics in its connection with politics.
2. The concepts of eudaimonia (happiness), agathon (good) and arête (virtue).
The doctrine of the middle (mesos). Ethical and dianoetic virtues.
3. Definition of the state and citizen. Origin reasons
state and its purpose.
4. Forms watered. devices. What forms of government
Aristotle calls right and wrong? Why?
5. The social composition of the state. Mesoi, "middle people". Problems
private property, attitude to slavery.
Seminar 11.
Philosophy of Hellenism.
1. Stoicism. Stoic theory of knowledge. "Physics". The doctrine of the divine world body (Cosmos). "Ethics". The doctrine of goodness and virtue. "Apathy". the problem of destiny and
2. Epicureanism. "Canonical" Epicurus. "Physics": Epicurian atomism. "Ethics". Hedonism: pleasure as a criterion of the good. Typology of pleasure. Ataraxia. 3. 3. 3. Skepticism. The concept of skepticism. Skepticism as a scientific critique of philosophy. "Epoche". Ethics of skeptics, "ataraxia".
Diogenes Laertes ABOUT THE LIFE, DOCTRINES AND SAYINGS OF FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS
About the Stoics
/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_06.htm
about Epicurus
/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_08.htm
Seneca "Moral letters to Lucilius"
Epicurus "Letter to Menekey"
Sextus Empiricus THREE BOOKS OF THE PYRRHONIC POSITIONS
letters from Epicurus.
Seminar 12.
Neoplatonism. Plotin.
1. How is the emanation of the One carried out and what
represents an ascent to the One? The concept of ekstasis.
2. The doctrine of the world soul and nature. Can it be considered
Dam nature as the activity of the Soul?
3. In what relation to each other are the World Soul and
individual souls?
4. Understanding of matter in Neoplatonism.
5. What is the highest Good, according to Plotinus?
6. Does evil exist as such?
1) Porfiry. Plotin's life.
/books/ploti01/txt55.htm
2) Plotinus V. 1
ON THE THREE ORIGINAL SUBSTANCES
/books/ploti01/txt37.htm
additional literature
1. John Rist. Plotinus: the path to reality
/classics/plato/rist.htm
2. History of philosophy (under the editorship of Vasiliev, Bugai, etc.)
3. Borodai T. Yu. On two interpretations of matter in ancient
Platonism // in the collection “Antiquity as a type of culture”, M., 1988
Seminar 13.
Western patristics. Tertullian and Augustine.
1. Tertullian. Analysis of statements: “What is Athens to Jerusalem? What is the Academy of the Church? The doctrine of the Trinity. Christology: the question of the relationship between the divine and human natures in Christ. On the origin of evil.
The problem of faith and reason: “I believe in order to understand” (Augustine. Confession book 1, 6.). Analysis of the thesis "si fallor, sum". God and the world in the philosophy of Augustine (Attitude of the Creator to creation). Augustine's doctrine of time and history (book 11). Augustine on man: homo interior ("inner man"). The human soul as an image of the Trinity: the unity of memory, mind and will. The doctrine of free will, grace and predestination.
Literature:
Tertullian "Against Hermogenes"
Archimandrite Cyprian (Kera) "Patrologii" (Chapter on Tertullian)
/history/02/karsav/kars_00.html
F. Copleston. History of medieval philosophy. M.: Enigma, 1997.
E. Gilson. Philosophy in the Middle Ages. M.: Respublika, 2004.
/books/item/f00/s00/z0000187/
Augustine "Confession", book. XI:
/Sanctus_Aurelius_Augs.html
Augustine "On the city of God" (book XI, chapters 1, 2)
Gilson E. Philosophy in the Middle Ages. M.: Respublika, 2004.
Marru A. I. St. Augustine and Augustinism. M., 1998.
Seminar 14.
Eastern patristics. Cappadocian Fathers.
2. Knowledge of God as a task of human existence. borders and
conditions for the knowledge of God.
3. The doctrine of the consubstantial Trinity. Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus.
a) Basil the Great: essence (generic concept), hypostasis (species concept), consubstantial (controversy with Eunomius); patronymic, sonship, shrine. [Basil the Great letter 38].
b) Gregory of Nazianzus: essence (generic concept), hypostasis (species concept), person, consubstantial (full similarity in essence); unbornness, birth, origin. Proof of the unity of the Persons of the Trinity [Gregory of Nazianzus 5 words about theology]
7. Teaching about the creation of the world, angels and man. Teaching about man.
Source of evil (sin).
Control questions for sections A andB.
"Pre-Socratics"
The problem of the origin of philosophy from myth (“from myth to logos”). Ancient China, ancient india, Ancient Greece.
Why did philosophy become possible in Greece? What are the characteristics of Greek philosophy?
What does the word "philosophy" mean?
Describe the basic concepts of pre-Socratic philosophy: "nature", "logos", "cosmos", etc.
What are the differences between the "Ionian" and "Italian" branches of pre-Socratic philosophy?
What is meant by the concept of "pre-Socratic philosophy"? What are its main representatives?
Pythagorean school: founder, nature of the union, "acousmatics" and "mathematics". Pythagoras and modern mathematics.
Pythagorean doctrine of number.
Aporias of Zeno (with analysis of one of the 4 "aporias of movement").
Philosophy of the atomists.
Philosophy of Empedocles.
Philosophy of Anaxagoras.
From Sophists to Plato
Sophists and the Greek Paideia.
The Significance of the Sophists for Greek Philosophy.
Methods of Socrates: dialectic, irony, maieutics.
Plato: biography, writings.
arete and knowledge arete.
"Apology of Socrates" or a matter of philosophy.
"Menon": the problem of knowledge.
The doctrine of the soul in the dialogue "Phaedrus".
"State": the device of an ideal state, the correspondence between the types of the state and parts of the soul, perverted types of government.
The doctrine of ideas. Eidos is good.
What is the difference between the Platonic concept of "idea" and contemporary ideas?
Do you agree with the Platonic concept of knowledge as understanding the good purpose of a thing and its becoming for good?
Show the influence of previous philosophies on Plato.
Socrates and Plato.
From Aristotle to Neoplatonists
Basic formulations of the Aristotelian "Politics". What does Aristotle's statement about the natural necessity of slavery mean?
Describe the four Aristotelian causes (give their Latin names if possible).
Middle Platonists and Neoplatonism.
Highlight the elements of Aristotelianism and Platonism in Neoplatonism.
Neoplatonic principle of trinity (hierarchy of being: Plotinus, Proclus).
Neoplatonic doctrine of the world soul.
What is the Neoplatonic attitude towards soul and body?
Control questions for section C.
Exam questions for the course "History of ancient philosophy"
Why did philosophy become possible in Greece? What are the characteristics of Greek philosophy? The problem of the origin of philosophy from mythology (“from myth to logos”).
What is meant by the concept of "pre-Socratic philosophy"? What are its main representatives? Describe the basic concepts of pre-Socratic philosophy: "nature", "logos", "cosmos", etc.
"Ionian" and "Italian" branches of pre-Socratic philosophy.
Describe the Milesian school. Main representatives, main ideas.
Philosophy of Heraclitus: the doctrine of the logos in general, cosmology and psychology.
Pythagorean school: founder, nature of the union, "acousmatics" and "mathematics".
Pythagorean doctrine of number.
Describe the Eleatic school. Main representatives, main ideas.
Parmenides' doctrine of being. "Two ways", six signs of being.
Aporias of Zeno (analysis of one of the 4 "aporias of movement").
Philosophy of the atomists.
Philosophy of Empedocles.
Philosophy of Anaxagoras.
Sophists and the Greek Paideia. The Significance of the Sophists for Greek Philosophy.
Sophists and Socrates. Similarities and differences between their tasks.
Socratic turn in philosophy. Methods of Socrates: dialectic, irony, maieutics. "Apology of Socrates".
Plato: biography, writings.
"Small" or "Socratic" dialogues. Problem arete and knowledge arete.
"Menon": the problem of knowledge.
"Phaedrus": tripartite structure of the soul, intelligible cosmos.
"Phaedo" or about the immortality of the soul.
"Feast" or about philosophical love.
"State": the structure of the ideal state, the correspondence between the types of the state and parts of the soul, positive and negative types of the state.
Plato's doctrine of ideas. Eidos is good.
The influence of previous philosophical teachings on Plato.
Explain the meaning of the Aristotelian terms "matter", "form", "entelechy", "energy". How do you understand Aristotle's expression "reality before possibility"?
Ethical and political doctrine of Aristotle.
Describe the Aristotelian critique of Plato. Name the Platonic features in Aristotle's philosophy.
Aristotle's doctrine of four causes.
What are the main philosophical schools of the Hellenistic era. What unites them?
Describe stoic physics, logic and ethics.
Describe epicurean physics, logic, ethics.
Skeptical principle era. Skeptics and dogmatists.
Elements of Aristotelianism, Platonism and Neo-Pythagoreanism in Neoplatonism.
Neoplatonic principle of trinity (hierarchy of being: Plotinus, Proclus). The problem of emanation.
Plotinus on the nature of evil. The problem of the substantiality of evil.
Neoplatonic doctrine of the soul and body.
Chronological framework and main features of medieval philosophy (Greek and Latin patristics, scholasticism).
Beginnings of Christian Philosophy in Antiquity I. The contribution of the apologists, the struggle against Gnosticism, the Alexandrian and Antiochian schools.
Beginnings of Christian Philosophy in Antiquity II. The role of philosophy in the development of trinitarian and Christological dogmas.
Beginnings of Christian Philosophy in Antiquity III. Augustine.
The problem of God. Correlation between cataphatic and apophatic theology in East and West.
Boethius and the problem of universals.
Sample Essay Topics
"High School of Economics"
ReportThe space of the university "Moscow, State University - Higherschooleconomy Malysheva Marina Alexandrovna 2009 Lecture ... space of the university "Moscow, State University - Higherschooleconomy Maslennikov Nikita Igorevich 2009 Lecture...
"higher school of economics" (12)
DocumentEditor E.G. Yasin - M.: Publishing house Higherschoolseconomy, 2011. Kazakov S.P. Marketing research trade... technology of macromolecular compounds) Master economy. Master's degree: Higherschooleconomy(graduation year: 1995, ...
Higher School of Economics (34)
ProgramUniversity - Higherschooleconomy Faculty economy Approved at a meeting of the Faculty Academic Council economy protocol no. ... programming in examples and problems. - M., " Higherschool", 1986 Bukaev G.I., Bublik N.D., Gorbatkov S.A., Sattarov...
"From myth" to "logos". The emergence of philosophy in Greece, India and China. Similarities and differences.
Plato and Aristotle in a dispute about ideas.
The image of the best state in the political teachings of Plato and Aristotle.
The concept of nature in ancient philosophers. Its comparison with the science of modern times.
The phenomenon of sophistry in ancient philosophy. The value of sophistry for modernity.
Cosmos of Heraclitus.
Atomistics of Democritus and the idea of atoms in modern science.
"I know that I know nothing" - paradox or dogma?
Concepts of matter in ancient philosophers.
The problem of true knowledge in ancient philosophy.
Socratic turn in philosophy.
Ethics and politics in ancient philosophy.
Philosophy and mythology in antiquity.
Philosophy in antiquity mode vivendi.
Modern concepts of "idea", "stoic", "skeptic", "energy" and their philosophical "pedigree".
philosophical eros.
Formation of the idea of personality (from antiquity to Christianity). Pagan philosophical schools and early Christianity. Using the concepts of ancient philosophy to express the spiritual experience of Christians.
Gnosticism and Christianity.
The relationship of faith and reason in medieval philosophy.
Political doctrines of antiquity in their relation to the present.
Philosophy in the Christian East and Philosophy in the Christian West. Significance of Platonism and Aristotelianism for both philosophical cultures.
DocumentState University Higherschooleconomy Faculty economy department government controlled And economy public sector... Dobrynin, S.A. Dyatlov, S.A. Kurgan. // Economy education. International periodical scientific journal...
Karsavin L.P. Holy Fathers and Doctors of the Church. M., 1994.
Mayorov G.G. The Formation of Medieval Philosophy: Latin Patristics. M., 1979.
Meyendorff I. O. Introduction to patristic theology. 2. ed. Vilnius - Moscow, 1992.
Florovsky G.V. Eastern Fathers IV-VIII centuries. Reprint. M., 1992. (AST, 2003)
History of Philosophy. West - Russia - East / Ed. N.V. Motroshilova. Book. 1. Part II. M., 1995.
History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V. Bugai. Section III. Ch. 1. M., 2005
^
additional literature
Bolotov V.V.. Collection of church-historical works. M., 1999.
Bychkov V.V. Aesthetics of Late Antiquity. M., 1981.
Harnack A. Essence of Christianity. SPb., 1907.
Cyprian (Kern) archimandrite. Anthropology of St. Gregory Palamas. M., 1996.
Lossky V.N. Essay on the mystical theology of the Eastern Church. dogmatic theology. M., 1991.
Reale J., Antiseri D. Western philosophy from origins to the present day. T. 2. St. Petersburg, 1994.
Spassky A.A. History of dogmatic movements in the era of ecumenical councils. T. I. The Trinitarian Question, Sergiev Posad, 1906. (Reprint. 1995.)
^
Literature on Gnosticism
Afonasin E.V."In the beginning it was..." Ancient Gnosticism in the testimonies of Christian apologists. SPb., 2002.
Posnov M.E. Gnosticism of the 2nd century…. Kyiv, 1917. Reprint. Brussels, 1991.
Khosroev A.L. Alexandrian Christianity (texts from Nag Hammadi). M., 1991.
A valuable pearl or From the banks of the Bosphorus to the banks of the Euphrates / Per. and comm. S.S. Averintsev. (Various editions.)
Reference books
New Philosophical Encyclopedia: In 4 vols. M.: Thought, 2000–2001.
^
Christianity. Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 3 vols. M., 1993–1995.
Internet resources
Translations of medieval authors, as well as books, articles and chapters from textbooks on patristics and medieval philosophy on the IF RAS website: www.philosophy.ru
In the online library of Yakov Krotov: www.krotov.info
Seminar plans.
Seminar 1.
1. What does philosophy investigate?
2. Why is it so important to understand the "beginning" of every thing?
3. How do you understand Aristotle's words “Philosophy begins with wonder”?
4. Why does Aristotle consider philosophy a useless science and therefore
5. Is there a difference between wisdom (sophia) and philosophy?
6. Why does Aristotle call the first philosophers physicists (physiologists)?
What is physis?
7. What did the first philosophers consider to be the beginning of the universe?
Literature
Sources
Aristotle "Metaphysics" (book 1, see attachment) - must read
additional literature
1. History of philosophy (under the editorship of Vasiliev, Krotov, Bugai, pp. 47-55)
2. Gasparov M.L. "Entertaining Greece" (see attachment)
Seminar 2
Philosophy of Pythagoras.
1. The nature of the Pythagorean union as a philosophical and religious-political association. Mathematics and Acousmatics.
4. Cosmogony of the Pythagoreans.
5. Orphic-Pythagorean doctrine of "metempsychosis".
6. The concept of arithmos. Theory of even and odd numbers, the doctrine of harmony, proportions, the "sacred tetraktida", the discovery of harmonic intervals, the construction of regular polyhedra.
Literature.
Sources
1. Fragments of early Greek philosophers, ed. A. V. Lebedeva
2. Diogenes Laerstsky “On the life, teachings and sayings of famous philosophers”
(chapter VII)
http://psylib.org.ua/books/diogenl/txt08.htm
additional literature
1. Gaidenko P.P. "The evolution of the concept of science". Chapter "Pythagoreanism".
http://www.philosophy.ru/library/gaid/2.html
2. History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V.
Bugai. Pages 49-51.
Seminar 3. Philosophy of Heraclitus
1. Heraclitus of Ephesus. Biographical evidence.
2. The problem of reconstruction of the work "On Nature" (Diels-Krantz,
Markovich, Lebedev).
3. On the meaning of the Heraclitean "logos". What, according to Heraclitus, is
true knowledge, and that polyknowledge. Heraclitus' ideas of wisdom
(sophia) as revelations (aletheia) of nature (physis).
4. The fluid nature of the sensible world and the circulation of things in it. The doctrine of
elements and world fire. Ekpurosis. Way up and way down.
5. Struggle and unity of opposites.
6. The idea of the soul as the beginning of sensation and thought in man.
7. Interpretation of sayings.
1) Multi-knowledge does not teach to be smart, otherwise it would have taught Hesiod and
Pythagoras, as well as Xenophanes and Hecateus.
2) War is the father of everything and everything is the king; one she determined to be gods,
other people; some she made slaves, others free.
3) Hidden harmony is better than explicit.
4) Immortals are mortal, mortals are immortal; each other's death
live, they die each other's lives.
5) Death of fire - birth of air and death of air - birth of water. From
death of the earth, water is born, from the death of water, air is born, [from
death] air-fire, and vice versa.
6) Nature loves to hide.
7) This cosmos, the same for all that exists, did not create any
god and no man - but he always was, is and will be forever alive
fire, kindling by measures and extinguishing by measures.
8) You cannot enter the same river twice.
Literature
Sources
1. Dynnik M. Fragments of Heraclitus (fragments from the text of Heraclitus +
research on Heraclitus)
http://www.philosophy.ru/library/antiq/geraklit/index.html
2. Fragments of early Greek philosophers, ed. Makovelsky
http://filosof.historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000120/index.shtml
3. Fragments of early Greek philosophers, ed. A. V. Lebedeva
http://naturalhistory.narod.ru/Person/Lib/Filosoph/N_9.htm
4. Diogenes Laertes. On the life, teachings and sayings of famous philosophers /
Per. M.L. Gasparov. M., 1979 Chapter “Heraclitus of Ephesus”
additional literature
1. History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V.
Bugai.. M., 2005. pp. 51-52.
http://yanko.lib.ru/books/philosoph/mgu-ist_filosofii-2005-8l.pdf
2.Zeller E. Essays on the history of Greek philosophy. SPb., 1996.
3. Rozhansky I.D. Early Greek philosophy//Fragments of early Greek
philosophers. Part 1, ed. Rozhansky.
4.Cassidy, F.H. Heraclitus, M. 1982
5. Gasparov M. L. Entertaining Greece (see attachment)
Seminar 4.
Philosophy of the Eleatics.
Questions for the seminar.
1. Xenophanes of Colophon:
a) Criticism of anthropomorphism in traditional religion;
b) The doctrine of a single and incorporeal god.
2. Parmenides. Poem "About Nature". Ontology and epistemology of Parmenides:
a) two paths: the path "is" and the path "is not";
b) characterization of being;
c) connection of existence/non-existence and thinking. Interpretation of the thesis "One and the same -
think and be";
d) opposition of truth and opinion, rational and sensual.
"The opinions of mortals" in the second part of the poem.
5. Zeno:
a) Zeno's aporias as an objection to criticism of the teachings of Parmenides;
b) the meaning of the term "aporia";
c) aporias of the multitude. Aporias of movement ("Achilles", "The Flying Arrow",
"Dichotomy", "Stages").
6. Meliss. New characteristics of the truly existing.
Literature
Sources
1. Fragments of the early Greek philosophers / Underg. A.V. Lebedev. (sections,
dedicated to Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno)
http://naturalhistory.narod.ru/Person/Lib/Filosoph/Index.htm
2. Xenophanes. Sillas (see attachment)
3. Parmenides. About nature (see attachment)
4. Aristotle. Physics. Book VI, chapter 99 // Aristotle. Compositions: V
4 vols. T. 3. M., 1981. S. 199–201. (In the VIth book of "Physics" Aristotle
talks about motion and in the 9th chapter refutes Zeno.) (see attachment)
5. Diogenes Laertes. About Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno, Melissa (Book IX):
http://www.krotov.info/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_07.htm#99
additional literature
1. History of Philosophy / Ed. V.V. Vasilyeva, A.A. Krotova, D.V. Bugai.
Pages 60-64
http://yanko.lib.ru/books/philosoph/mgu-ist_filosofii-2005-8l.pdf
2.P. P. Gaidenko History of Greek philosophy in its connection with science. (Chapter
second
^
ELEA SCHOOL AND THE FIRST STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF INFINITY) -
http://www.krotov.info/history/16/gaydenko/gayd_14.html#3
3. Dobrokhotov A.L. Presocratic doctrine of being. M., 1980
http://psylib.org.ua/books/dobro01/txt01.htm
Seminar 5
1. Empedocles. Poems "On Nature" and "Purification". Cosmological formula of Empedocles: 4+2.
2. Anaxagoras. Cosmological formula of Anaxagoras: "All in all". The doctrine of the nous.
7. Leucippus and Democritus. "Ideal" structure of atoms. The theory of knowledge of Democritus. The concept of eidola. The principle of "like is known by like".
Literature
Sources:
Empedocles. Excerpts from the poem "On Nature". / Per. G.I. Yakubanis //
Lucretius On the Nature of Things. T.2. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1947, p. 663–676.
http://abuss.narod.ru/Biblio/empedokl2.htm
Empedocles. Fragments of their poem "Purification" // Semushkin A.V. Empedocles. 2nd
ed. M., 1994.
http://abuss.narod.ru/Biblio/empedokl.htm
Ancient Greek atomists. / Per. A.O. Makovelsky. Baku, 1949.
(Lebedev's edition only covers Empedocles and Anaxagoras.)
Lurie S.Ya. Democritus: texts, translation, research. L., 1970.
(http://www.nsu.ru/filf/rpha/lib/Demokrit/uchenie.txt- very bad
scanning)
Diogenes Laertes. About Anaxagoras - book. II, about Empedocles - book. VIII, oh
Democritus - Prince. IX.
http://www.krotov.info/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_00.htm
additional literature.
Gaidenko P.P. The history of Greek philosophy in its connection with science (about
eleats):
http://www.philosophy.ru/library/gaid/4.html
Vizgin V.P. The relationship of ontology and physics in the atomism of Democritus.
http://en.philosophy.kiev.ua/iphras/library/phusis/01.html
Yakubanis G. Empedocles: philosopher, doctor, sorcerer. Kyiv, 1994.
Seminar 6
Sophists and Socrates.
1) Paideia: sophists as educators. Basics
"encyclopedic" education. Criticism of traditional religious
representations. Sophistry. Method of dyssoi logoi, "double speeches".
Contrasting physis and nomos. "Anthropological turn". Protagoras
and his thesis "man is the measure of all things". Gorgias and his refutation
Eleatic metaphysics ("On nature, or On non-existent").
2) Abbreviated. History of the life and death of Socrates. Main Sources: Xenophon
and Plato. Socrates and the Sophists: similarities and differences. "Methods" of Socrates:
dialectics, maieutics and irony. "Ignorance" Claim: Interpretation
Delphic oracle. Identification of knowledge and virtue. Daimonion
Socrates. Philosophy as "service to God". The principle of "Know thyself".
The Trial of Socrates and the Judgment of Socrates.
Texts for discussion.
1. Plato. Apology of Socrates
http://psylib.org.ua/books/plato01/01apols.htm
or
Plato. Hippias the Less
http://psylib.org.ua/books/plato01/07gippm.htm
2. Makovelsky A. O. Sophists (see attachment) - I do not insist that you all
read this text in its entirety, but I recommend that everyone read it
those who will write an essay on the sophists.
3. History of Philosophy (V. Vasiliev, A. Krotov, D. Bugai), pp.69-75.
Seminar 7
Task for the seminar
Read Plato's Phaedo
Dialogue see here
http://psylib.org.ua/books/plato01/19fedon.htm
Answer the questions
1. Philosopher's attitude to life and death
2. Plato's idea of the world of true being and the world of becoming.
3. The relation of soul and body as the central point of Plato's anthropology.
4. Teachings about anamnesis (knowledge as recollection) and metempsychosis
(transmigration of souls).
5. Four arguments of Plato in favor of the immortality of the soul.
6. Ethical conclusions from the doctrine of the soul.
Further Reading (optional reading)
1. Diogenes Laertes ON THE LIFE, TEACHINGS AND SAYINGS OF FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS,
Book III “Plato”
http://www.krotov.info/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_04.htm
2. Vasilyeva T.V. Soul and Cognition / Path to Plato, M.1999 (see attachment)
Seminar 8.
1. Virtue as the arete of man.
2. Basic virtues of the state. The principle of "fairness".
3. Connection with psychology: the tripartite structure of the soul and the tripartite
state structure. 4. Correct and incorrect state
devices.
5. Ideal state of Plato. Its structure. Why at the head
state should be a philosopher?
6. Plato's educational project (the sciences that make up the educational
Plato's cycle; terms of study).
7. The relationship between education and the prosperity of the state.
8. Plato's attitude to the arts.
Literature
Plato. State (see attachment).
Textbook of Krotov-Bugai (corresponding chapters)
T. Vasilyeva. Path to Plato. (III. IDEAL STATE, IDEAL
^
CITIZEN, IDEAL PERSON)
Seminar 9.
Aristotle.
1. Life and writings.
a) Biography of Aristotle. Academy and Lyceum.
b) History of Corpus Aristotelicum and its structure.
c) The problem of translating Aristotle's writings into new languages. Russians
translations of "Metaphysics" (A.V. Kubitsky, M.I. Itkin, translation by Rozanov and
Pervova, books I-V).
d) Aristotle's contribution to science. Aristotle's contribution to the development of philosophical
terminology (matter, form, essence, energy, entelechy).
2. Logic. "Organon" as a tool of scientific knowledge.
3. The philosophical system of Aristotle. The principle of dividing sciences into theoretical
and practical. "The Theoretical Science of First Principles and Causes".
Essence Doctrine, four meanings of cause, hyle and morphe (VI–VIII
book). The doctrine of dynamis and energeia (IX book). The doctrine of the mind
prime mover, theology of Aristotle (XII book). Criticism of Platonovskaya
theory of ideas (XIII-XIV books).
^
Main literature
1. Fragments from the treatises of Aristotle - see Attachment (pp. 1-11)
2. Vasiliev, Krotov, Bugay. History of Philosophy (corresponding to the chapter on Aristotle)
Additional literature.
Vasilyeva T.V. Athens School of Philosophy. M., 1985.
Zubov V.P. Aristotle. 2nd ed. M., 2000
Losev A.F. Aristotle and the Late Classic. M., 1975.
Losev A.F., Takho-Godi A.A. Plato. Aristotle. M., 1993.
Heidegger M. On the essence and concept of physis: Aristotle. Physics B-1 / Per.
T.V. Vasilyeva. M., 1995.
Chanyshev A.N. Aristotle. M., 1987.
Seminar 10.
1. Understand the basic terms of Aristotelian philosophy: hyle and
morphe , dynamis and energeia, enteleheia (see file with fragments from
works of Aristotle)
2. There will be a report on the Aristotelian doctrine of the soul. Read "About the Soul"
Book 2, chapters 1-3,
Book 3 chapters 4-6
and politics)
1. The subject and tasks of ethics in its connection with politics.
2. The concepts of eudaimonia (happiness), agathon (good) and arête (virtue).
The doctrine of the middle (mesos). Ethical and dianoetic virtues.
3. Definition of the state and citizen. Origin reasons
state and its purpose.
4. Forms watered. devices. What forms of government
Aristotle calls right and wrong? Why?
5. The social composition of the state. Mesoi, "middle people". Problems
private property, attitude to slavery.
Seminar 11.
Philosophy of Hellenism.
1. Stoicism. Stoic theory of knowledge. "Physics". The doctrine of the divine world body (Cosmos). "Ethics". The doctrine of goodness and virtue. "Apathy". the problem of destiny and
freedom.
2. Epicureanism. "Canonical" Epicurus. "Physics": Epicurian atomism. "Ethics". Hedonism: pleasure as a criterion of the good. Typology of pleasure. Ataraxia. 3. 3. 3. Skepticism. The concept of skepticism. Skepticism as a scientific critique of philosophy. "Epoche". Ethics of skeptics, "ataraxia".
Diogenes Laertes ABOUT THE LIFE, DOCTRINES AND SAYINGS OF FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS
About the Stoics
http://www.krotov.info/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_06.htm
about Epicurus
http://www.krotov.info/lib_sec/05_d/dio/gen_08.htm
Seneca "Moral letters to Lucilius"
Epicurus "Letter to Menekey"
Sextus Empiricus THREE BOOKS OF THE PYRRHONIC POSITIONS
letters from Epicurus.
Seminar 12.
Neoplatonism. Plotin.
1. How is the emanation of the One carried out and what
represents an ascent to the One? The concept of ekstasis.
2. The doctrine of the world soul and nature. Can it be considered
Dam nature as the activity of the Soul?
3. In what relation to each other are the World Soul and
Individual souls?
4. Understanding of matter in Neoplatonism.
5. What is the highest Good, according to Plotinus?
6. Does evil exist as such?
Reading
1) Porfiry. Plotin's life.
http://psylib.ukrweb.net/books/ploti01/txt55.htm
2) Plotinus V. 1
^ ON THE THREE ORIGINAL SUBSTANCES
http://psylib.ukrweb.net/books/ploti01/txt37.htm
additional literature
1. John Rist. Plotinus: the path to reality
http://www.nsu.ru/classics/plato/rist.htm
2. History of philosophy (under the editorship of Vasiliev, Bugai, etc.)
3. Borodai T. Yu. On two interpretations of matter in ancient
Platonism // in the collection “Antiquity as a type of culture”, M., 1988
Seminar 13.
Western patristics. Tertullian and Augustine.
1. Tertullian. Analysis of statements: “What is Athens to Jerusalem? What is the Academy of the Church? The doctrine of the Trinity. Christology: the question of the relationship between the divine and human natures in Christ. On the origin of evil.
The problem of faith and reason: “I believe in order to understand” (Augustine. Confession book 1, 6.). Analysis of the thesis "si fallor, sum". God and the world in the philosophy of Augustine (Attitude of the Creator to creation). Augustine's doctrine of time and history (book 11). Augustine on man: homo interior ("inner man"). The human soul as an image of the Trinity: the unity of memory, mind and will. The doctrine of free will, grace and predestination.
Literature:
Tertullian "Against Hermogenes"
Archimandrite Cyprian (Kera) "Patrologii" (Chapter on Tertullian)
http://www.krotov.info/history/02/karsav/kars_00.html
F. Copleston. History of medieval philosophy. M.: Enigma, 1997.
E. Gilson. Philosophy in the Middle Ages. M.: Respublika, 2004.
http://filosof.historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000187/
Augustine "Confession", book. XI:
Http://antology.rchgi.spb.ru/Sanctus_Aurelius_Augustinus/Confessiones.rus.html
Augustine "On the city of God" (book XI, chapters 1, 2)
Gilson E. Philosophy in the Middle Ages. M.: Respublika, 2004.
Marru A. I. St. Augustine and Augustinism. M., 1998.
Seminar 14.
Eastern patristics. Cappadocian Fathers.
2. Knowledge of God as a task of human existence. borders and
Conditions for God.
3. The doctrine of the consubstantial Trinity. Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus.
A) Basil the Great: essence (generic concept), hypostasis (species concept), consubstantial (controversy with Eunomius); patronymic, sonship, shrine. [Basil the Great letter 38].
B) Gregory of Nazianzus: essence (generic concept), hypostasis (species concept), person, consubstantial (full similarity in essence); unbornness, birth, origin. Proof of the unity of the Persons of the Trinity [Gregory of Nazianzus 5 words about theology]
7. Teaching about the creation of the world, angels and man. Teaching about man.
Source of evil (sin).
Control questions for sections A and B.
"Pre-Socratics"
The problem of the origin of philosophy from myth (“from myth to logos”). Ancient China, Ancient India, Ancient Greece.
Why did philosophy become possible in Greece? What are the characteristics of Greek philosophy?
What does the word "philosophy" mean?
Describe the basic concepts of pre-Socratic philosophy: "nature", "logos", "cosmos", etc.
What are the differences between the "Ionian" and "Italian" branches of pre-Socratic philosophy?
What is meant by the concept of "pre-Socratic philosophy"? What are its main representatives?
Describe the Milesian school. Main representatives, main ideas.
Philosophy of Heraclitus: the doctrine of the logos in general, cosmology and psychology.
Pythagorean school: founder, nature of the union, "acousmatics" and "mathematics". Pythagoras and modern mathematics.
Pythagorean doctrine of number.
Describe the Eleatic school. Main representatives, main ideas.
Parmenides' doctrine of being. "Two ways", six signs of being.
Aporias of Zeno (with analysis of one of the 4 "aporias of movement").
Philosophy of the atomists.
Philosophy of Empedocles.
Philosophy of Anaxagoras.
^
From Sophists to Plato
Sophists and the Greek Paideia.
The Significance of the Sophists for Greek Philosophy.
Sophists and Socrates. Similarities and differences between their tasks.
Socratic turn in philosophy.
Methods of Socrates: dialectic, irony, maieutics.
Plato: biography, writings.
"Small" or "Socratic" dialogues. Problem arete and knowledge arete.
"Apology of Socrates" or a matter of philosophy.
"Menon": the problem of knowledge.
"Phaedo" or about the immortality of the soul.
"Feast" or about philosophical love.
The doctrine of the soul in the dialogue "Phaedrus".
"State": the device of an ideal state, the correspondence between the types of the state and parts of the soul, perverted types of government.
The doctrine of ideas. Eidos is good.
How does the Platonic concept of "idea" differ from modern ideas?
Do you agree with the Platonic concept of knowledge as understanding the good purpose of a thing and its becoming for good?
Show the influence of previous philosophies on Plato.
Socrates and Plato.
Augustine. Confession. - M.: Respublika, 1992.
Augustine. About the city of God. In 4 volumes - M., 1994 (repr. Reprint: Kyiv, 1905-1910).
Augustine. On the giving of the Holy Spirit to believers // Sunday reading. 1843, No. 8, pp. 75-77.
Augustine blessed. On the Coming of the Holy Spirit and the Gift of Tongues // Sunday Reading. 1845, No. 8, June 3, pp. 57-59.
/ Augustine /. creations Blessed Augustine, Bishop of Hippo. At 11 o'clock - Kyiv: Type. G. T. Korchak-Novitsky, Type. I. I. Gorbunova, 1887-1908 (Bib-ka creator of the Holy Fathers and teaches Western Churches).
Augustine blessed. Creations. T. 1-3. Comp., prep. text by S. I. Eremeev. - St. Petersburg: Aletheia; Kyiv: UCIMM-press, 1998.
Alexander (Semenov-Tyan-Shansky) Bishop Father John of Kronstadt. - Obninsk: Printer, 1995 (repr. Reprint: New York: Chekhov Publishing House, 1955).
Alexy (Dorodnitsyn) Bishop complete collection compositions. - Saratov, 1913.
Alipiy (Kastalsky-Borozdin) archim., Isaiah (Belov) archim. Dogmatic Theology: A Course of Lectures. - Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, 2002.
Ambrose / Klyucharev / archbishop. Complete collection of sermons. In 5 volumes - Kharkov, 1902-1913.
Amman A. Path of the Fathers: Brief introduction to patristics. Per. from French – M.: Propylaea, 1994.
Anatoly (Berestov) Hierom., Pecherskaya A."Orthodox sorcerers" - who are they? - M .: New book, Ark, 1998.
Anthony the Great. Spiritual instructions. - M .: Sretensky Mon., New book, Ark, 1998.
Anthony the Great. Instructions on good morality and holy life // Philokalia. 2nd ed. T. 1. M., 1883, pp. 62-93 (reprinted: His own. Spiritual instructions. M., 1998, pp. 99-152).
Anthony Metropolitan Surozhsky. Conversations on Prayer. - St. Petersburg: Satis, 1996.
Anthony Metropolitan Surozhsky. Life. Disease. Death. - M.: Zachatievsky Mon., 1995.
Anthony Metropolitan Surozhsky. Spiritual journey. Meditation before Great Lent. – M.: Palomnik, 1997.
Anthony Metropolitan Surozhsky. Proceedings. – M.: Practice, 2002.
Anthony (Khrapovitsky) Met. pastoral theology. - Pechory: St. Usp. Psk.-Pech. Mon., 1994 (Orthodox Review. 1896, Nos. 2-5).
Asterius ep. Amesian. Conversation about the steward // Christian reading. 1827, part 27, pp. 9-32.
/Athanasius the Great/. The Life of Our Reverend Father Anthony, Described by Saint Athanasius in a Epistle to Monks Living in Foreign Countries // His. Creations. T. 3. M., 1994, pp. 178-250.
Athanasius the Great. Creations: In 4 volumes - M .: Publishing house of the Spaso-Preobr. Balaam. stauropeg. monast., 1994 (repr. reprint: St. Trinity Sergius Lavra, 1902-1903).
Athenagoras the Athenian. Petition for Christians // Works of ancient Christian apologists. SPb., 1999, pp. 53-92.
Barsov N.I. Cross // Christianity. T. 1. M., 1993, p. 836.
Barsov N.I. Macarius the Great // Christianity. Encyclopedic Dictionary. T. 2. M., 1995, p.74.
Bart Karl. Essay on dogmatics. Per. with him. - St. Petersburg: Aletheya, 2000.
Bogdanovich S. N. About the grace-filled ways in which God calls people to salvation. 4th ed. - Kyiv: Type. Kievo-Pech. Uspen. laurels, 1908.
Bogoslovsky I. N. God the Father, the first Person of the Holy Trinity, in the monuments of ancient Christian art. – M.: Type. A. I. Snegireva, 1893 (Readings in the OLDP. 1893, No. 3, 5).
Bulgakov S.V. Handbook for the sacred-church-servant. – M.: Ed. otd. Moscow. patriarchy, 1993 (Kyiv, 1913).
Bulgakov Sergiy Prot. Autobiographical notes. – Paris, 1991.
Bulgakov S. N. Icon and icon veneration. Dogmatic essay. - M .: Krutitsy Patriarchal Compound, "Russian Way", 1996.
Bulgakov S. N. Light is not evening. - M.: Respublika, 1994 (re-ed.: M.: Way, 1917).
Barnabas (Belyaev) ep. Fundamentals of the art of holiness. Experience of presentation of Orthodox asceticism. In 4 volumes - Nizhny Novgorod: Publication of the Brotherhood in the name of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky, 1997-1998 (vol. 1 - 1998; vol. 2, 3 - 1997; vol. 4 - 1998).
Barnabas (Belyaev) ep. Orthodoxy. - /B.m./, 1995.
/ Barsanuphius the Great, John /. The Venerable Fathers Barsanuphius the Great and John guide to the spiritual life in response to the questions of the disciples. - M .: Rule of Faith, 1995 (repr. reprint .: St. Petersburg, 1905).
Basil the Great. Creations. In 3 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1911 (M.: Palomnik, 1993).
Basil the Great. Interpretation of the book of the prophet Isaiah. - M .: Moscow Compound of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, 2002.
Basil Bishop of Kineshma. Conversations on the Gospel of Mark. - M .: Father's house, 1996.
Veniamin (Isupov) Hierod. Brief sketch-outline of asceticism. - M., 1912.
German Hierom. Saint John of the Ladder and his ladder of gradual moral improvement. - St. Petersburg, 1854.
Goricheva T. Holy animals. - St. Petersburg: VRFSH, 1993.
Gregory the Theologian. Collection of works in 2 volumes - Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra, 1994 (repr. reprinted: St. Petersburg, 1912).
Gregory Nyssky. Big categorical word // Eastern Fathers and Doctors of the Church of the 4th century. Anthology. T. 2. - M.: MIPT, 1999, pp. 149-200.
Gregory Nyssky. About the future life // Sunday reading. 1844, No. 11, pp. 91-97.
Gregory Nyssky. On the Perfection of a Christian // Christian Reading. 1826, part 22, pp. 9-57.
Gregory Nyssky. A word for the day of lights, on which our Lord was baptized // Christian reading. 1841, part 1, pp. 3-32.
Gregory Nyssky. Creations. In 8 hours - M., 1861-1872 (Creations of the Holy Fathers in Russian translation. TT. 37-45).
/Grigory Palamas/. Conversations (omilia) of St. Gregory Palamas: In 3 volumes - M .: Palomnik, 1993 (reprinted: Montreal: Publishing House of the Brotherhood of St. Job of Pochaevsky, 1965).
Gregory Palamas. About prayer and purity of heart // Philokalia. 2nd ed. T. 5. M., 1900, p. 300-302.
Gregory Palamas. Triads in defense of the sacred silent ones. Transl., after. and com. V. Veniaminova. - M.: Kanon, 1995 (History of Christian thought in the monuments).
Gregory Sinai. Chapters on commandments and dogmas, threats and promises // Philokalia. 2nd ed. T. 5. M., 1900, pp. 180-216.
Gregory Sinai. Instruction to the Silent // Philokalia. 2nd ed. T. 5. M., 1900, pp. 216-227.
Gregory Sinai. About silence and prayer // Philokalia. 2nd ed. T. 5. M., 1900, pp. 227-237.
Gregory Sinai. Creations. Per. from Greek, approx. and after. ep. Benjamin (Milova). – M.: Novospassky Mon., 1999.
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