Summer cottage construction: where to start building a summer cottage, what is the difference between IZHS, norms, SNiP, photo and video
There are many citizens in our country who want to buy a suburban area and start summer cottage construction. However, not all lands can operate without restrictions. Based on this, be careful before acquiring land, because an illegally built dwelling on it can simply be demolished.
Purpose of land
Land Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 7 defines 7 types of land, according to their intended purpose.
They are listed below.
- Agricultural lands.
- Lands of settlements.
- Special purpose areas: for energy, industry, transport, radio and television broadcasting, communications, defense, etc.
- Lands of objects and territories protected by the state: environmental, scientific, cultural and historical, aesthetic, recreational, health-improving.
- Areas of the forest fund.
- Lands of the water fund.
- Reserve land.
Possible restrictions
The law allows country construction to be carried out only on the above two types of land.
- The first category includes areas outside settlements that are allocated for agriculture: hayfields, arable land, pastures, plantings of perennials, etc. For the arrangement of summer cottages, plots of the worst quality, unsuitable for agricultural production, are distributed here.
- The second type is land used for the development and construction of rural and urban settlements, in addition to this, suburban areas. You can build on them only on the basis of the urban plan.
Note! The instruction warns that the described types of land plots have regulatory permitted uses (abbreviated RVI). It is possible to erect dachas only in areas with clearly defined RVI.
- In the lands of settlements, these are plots allocated for low-rise or individual housing construction, gardening, horticulture, etc.
- On agricultural plots, these are lands for gardening, horticulture, dacha farming and construction.
- On agricultural land with RVI “for summer cottage development”, it is allowed to build residential buildings with the right to register in them. On plots "for gardening" - residential buildings, without the right to register in them. On the areas "for gardening" - non-permanent residential buildings, also without registration rights.
To equip a country house competently, you also need to know the norms of summer cottage construction.
- They are dictated by technical regulations, as well as sanitary, construction and fire regulations.
- On the land of the settlement, which has a RVI "for individual residential construction", you have the right to determine the location of the country house on the site, its area and number of storeys, types of structures and materials.
- On agricultural lands where RVI "gardening, horticulture, dacha development", you will be limited to the project of arranging and building up the plot of the gardeners' partnership.
What to learn from the law
So, what is the difference between IZHS and summer cottage construction.
- The abbreviation stands for "individual housing construction" and refers to the purpose of the land.
Note! There are several types of land in the Russian Federation. Each of them is divided into several subspecies of permitted use. The most popular group of lands on which you can build with your own hands without problems is the area of \u200b\u200bsettlements. All other categories have different restrictions.
- The next thing you need to know before buying a plot is what and how you can use it. The category and purpose of the land either make it possible to legally build a house on it, and then register in it, or it is forbidden to do so.
- On the territory that has the category "land of the settlement", after the construction of the house, it is possible to get a postal address on it and register in it.
- When a plot is classified as "agricultural land", there are prohibitions, for example, on registration and registration. Therefore, it is better to build light country houses from block containers on them.
- On the land of a settlement with RVI for individual housing construction, it is possible to erect a separate residential building for one family and no more than three floors.
Where to start building a dacha, how to figure out what they want to sell to you - SNT, IZHS, DNP or a dacha cooperative?
Examine the certificate for the piece of land.
- The term IZHS applies exclusively to the land of settlements. If this category is written in the certificate, the seller does not deceive you. When the document says "agricultural land", it is better not to get involved with the proposal. This is the main difference between IZHS and dacha construction on agricultural land.
- SNT is a "garden non-profit partnership." For the most part, these are summer cottages on agricultural lands of 4/9 acres. They cut into the most inconvenient areas in Soviet times. Dacha cooperatives are almost the same.
- A late form, which appeared in the late nineties, is the DNP (“dacha non-profit partnership”). In such villages, modern cottages have a developed infrastructure and are built on agricultural land, which is cut into 10/20 acres. The price of such plots is much higher.
building norms
Specific norms for building land in settlements are prescribed by local governments. They are based on federal regulations.
Among them, the collections below are the most commonly used.
- SNiP No. 2.07.01/89 “Urban planning. Planning and building up rural and urban settlements.
- VNS No. 59/88 “Electrical equipment of public and residential buildings. Design standards".
- SNiP No. 2.04.08/87 "Gas supply".
- And, perhaps, the main collection of SNiP on dacha construction, number 30/02/97 "Planning and building land for dacha and horticultural associations of citizens."
Fire regulations
Fire standards for building a summer cottage have their own characteristics.
Here, first of all, the material of buildings is taken into account.
- The fire gap between buildings is planned taking into account the level of their fire resistance (according to SNiP No. 2.01.02/85).
- I and II fire resistance groups are assigned to buildings made of all types of concrete, brick and stone. III, IV and V categories refer to buildings made of wood.
If the buildings belong to the 1st or 2nd fire safety group, they can be built at a distance of 6 m from each other. Wooden structures of categories 3, 4 and 5 should be located at intervals of 10 m, at least.
Note! Such a distance will not allow a fire, in case of its occurrence, to spread to all buildings. Especially if special equipment is used on the site. For example, a diesel generator is rented for a summer residence.
Sanitary and building restrictions
Sanitary gaps are the minimum gaps between a country house and sewer facilities, a bathhouse, buildings for livestock and poultry, a street, a road, a neighboring site.
- From the house to the red line of the street should be 5 m, minimum.
- From the border of the passage, the road - at least 3 m.
- From the red line of the neighbor's plot - at least 3 m.
The red line is the axis of the boundary that separates your property and the street, driveway or neighboring area.
According to building codes, the dacha area should be fenced off without obscuring adjacent properties. Here, the optimal choice would be a lattice or mesh fence, 150/200 cm high. Blind fences are allowed to be placed on the side of the street, road, or by written agreement with a neighbor.
Conclusion
So, we described summer cottage construction - what it is. When purchasing a suburban area, you should carefully study the documents for it ().
Otherwise, it may turn out that you will not be able to build exactly the house that you wanted on it. Or you can't do it at all.
The video in this article will continue the topic.