Wastewater system in a private house. Treatment facilities of a private house - a profitable solution
The calculation of the volume of the station according to SNiP 2.04.01-85 (Appendix 3) assumes 2 hundreds of liters per day for each person. Example: for a family of 5 people, a septic tank for a 3-day stay in it drains requires a volume of 3 m3. Additional requirement about performance is the volume of the so-called volley discharge. It shows the maximum possible volume of effluents that the tank can process in a certain period. Supposed to reset Wastewater with multiple sources (showers, bathtubs, toilet bowls, bathroom and kitchen sinks). If the volume of volley discharge is exceeded, the quality of water purification will deteriorate.
Drainage method
There are 3 ways to drain:
- The first is in the filter well or in the filtration field. The latter should have a crushed stone or gravel cushion at the bottom. This method is allowed only with sandy or sandy loam soil, when the excess volume of runoff is absorbed by the soil.
- The second - in a storm sewer or in a reservoir is used at a high level of groundwater or with clay, loam in the area that do not absorb water well. Such a solution is possible only for owners of biological treatment plants with purification from 95 to 98%. Otherwise, you will be fined.
- The third - using an intermediate well (reinforced concrete ring with a solid bottom) with further diversion to the relief. The flexible and variable solution is ideal for several cottages sharing a common cleaning station. Water from the intermediate well does not go into the ground. After cleaning with a drainage pump, the water is discharged onto the relief.
It is unacceptable to discharge sewage into a common ditch due to the impossibility of complete utilization of helminth eggs by aeration stations (unlike traditional septic tanks).
Look for the exact values of the depth of soil freezing in SNiP 23-01-99. To clarify, in the Moscow region, soils freeze by 1.4 m. If the station is used in the winter months, the inlet pipe must be below the freezing point.
Depth of soil freezing (in cm)
Frequency of application
For year-round use, septic tanks are more suitable - air installations such as Unilos Astra, Bioksi, Topas. The secret is that the organic matter in them is used by members of the microbial community as a source of energy and nutrition.
Occasional use of air installations is also possible. It is only necessary to bring additional food into the sewer, for example, semolina, pet food, kefir. The required amount of trophism quickly restores the activated sludge biocenosis and the station enters the normal mode.
Price
"Topas", "Astra" - are similar in terms of functionality and price, but differ slightly in design. BIOXY analogues are capable of processing much larger volumes, and therefore will cost a little more. Even more expensive combined systems"Tver" (2 in one, septic tank + aeration unit, ideal for occasional use).
Local treatment facilities: about the principle of operation
All local wastewater treatment plants work on the same principle: Compressor first a large number of small air bubbles are fed into the working chambers of aeration elements for biological oxidation.
Then the effluents are pumped by a compressor, depending on the type of construction, into an aeration tank or into a biofilter. In the latter, the final destruction of organic compounds is realized.
Mixture clean water and the sludge in the aeration tank goes to the secondary settling tank, where it is divided into water and sludge, thanks to the work of aerobic bacteria. Sewer masses, due to biological destruction under the influence of air, eventually turn into water. The difference between a biofilter and an aerotank is that anaerobic bacteria, unlike aerobic ones, exist in the environment without oxygen. Structurally, septic tanks with a biofilter do not need aerators that supply air to the station.
As a result, purified water is removed by gravity or forcibly, and only sludge remains in the stabilizer.
About the pros and cons of the stations presented for sale
Topas stations are pioneers in the Russian market, combining biological treatment with a fine bubble aeration process. Any of the many modifications of the stations perfectly copes with the oxidation of the components of waste, household water. The process of biochemical destruction of organic matter is possible due to aerobic organisms.
The advantages of Topas stations are:
- wide variability of the model range, taking into account both the number of residents, and the characteristics of the soil, groundwater;
- high strength characteristics, excluding the negative consequences of squeezing the installation with soil;
- ease of maintenance, for which it is not necessary to involve a sewer at all;
- practical noiselessness of work;
- a high degree of purification, allowing the discharge of water into reservoirs, sewers.
The disadvantages of these devices are:
- permanent power supply;
- restrictions on the discharge of certain substances;
- high price compared to competitors.
Topas 8 station
Septic tank "Tank" Advantages:
- energy independence, because “working” mechanics + bacteria;
- the use of a molded plastic 10 mm case with 17 mm stiffening ribs (not terrible, no squeezing or floating, if the installation
- made professionally in a sand-cement mixture);
- affordability in comparison with competitors;
- sufficient model variety.
Flaws:
- focus only on soil post-treatment;
- in case of installation errors, there is a high probability of extrusion of the device with soil, because anchoring is not provided.
Station "Tank"
Septic tank "Unilos" Advantages:
- high degree of purification, allowing discharge both into the gutter and into water bodies;
- high strength characteristics, thanks to 20 mm walls;
- the possibility of seasonal use, including in the winter months without additional thermal insulation and heating.
Flaws:
- volatile with consumption identical to a conventional incandescent lamp (60 W/h);
- the need to constantly pump out sludge;
- limited model range (ASTRA, CYCLONE);
- high price of septic tanks.
The frame of the apparatus is made of low-pressure polyethylene and reinforced with special rigid inserts. The total weight of the structure is significantly less than previous models, and the overall cost is reduced, including by reducing labor costs.
The system is absolutely hermetic, and all processes take place inside one closed space.
Mounting
You can carry it out yourself according to the attached schemes or by inviting our specialists to your site. Only the departure of the master guarantees you one hundred percent build quality.
Prices for wastewater treatment plants for the home
For convenience, we have created three types of local treatment plants for a private home that can handle different amount Wastewater.
- for 4-7 people worth 47,747 rubles;
- for 8-16 people worth 77,747 rubles;
- for 16-32 persons worth 127,747 rubles.
Where to buy treatment facilities for a country house?
You can contact any representative office of the Arsenal AK company, which manufactures and sells local treatment plants for the home on the territory Russian Federation. In each of our offices you can get advice on a matter of interest and call a specialist.
Everyone was faced with the need to organize treatment facilities for private country house or cottages.
The need for waste disposal, preferably without harming the ecology of the site, polluting groundwater and harming water sources, wells and wells, has several solutions.
At first, a dry closet seems like the perfect solution to all problems. With the appearance of a shower stall, plumbing, wells, washing machine, there is an urgent need for a device for the disposal of waste and wastewater.
Level 1. Cesspool device
Many bypass this stage, since the disadvantages of the cesspool device are obvious at first glance. This is a fairly high cost with low efficiency, the need for cleaning and payment for sewage services.
In addition, a mandatory arrangement of access roads and sanitary zone, the impossibility of constructing a water well or well. An unpleasant smell and a small capacity of the cesspool, the danger of flooding complete the picture.
Level 1.1. Installation of a polymer waste tank
An intermediate stage between a cesspool and a septic tank. A capacious and durable polymer tank is dug into a specially dug pit with a concrete slab laid on the bottom, to which the tank is attached with cables. The plate is needed so that the tank is not squeezed out of the ground.
Sewerage drains are brought to the tank, ventilation and a tank lid located on a high neck are brought up. Level control systems are installed and when the tank is filled, the contents are pumped out by a fecal pump.
This system is much better than a regular pit cesspool because soil contamination is kept to a minimum. In some cases, the design of the tank allows further development of the system and the installation of a septic tank.
Level 2. Septic tank device
Two-tier tank. The device of the simplest two-level septic tank for wastewater treatment is extremely simple and efficient.
There are 2 containers connected to each other in various ways.
It can be multiple tubes, one tube, grids, etc. There are many options and each manufacturer insists on uniqueness and exceptional environmental friendliness.
In the first tank, the liquids settle and turn into a relatively pure silty mass (with the exclusion of the use of aggressive chemicals and detergents).
The second tank is a filter with many holes, filled with a sponge mass that absorbs solid waste. It can be expanded clay or foam.
Purified water comes out, suitable for technical needs, in particular, for irrigation. But from the well, such a system should be located as far as possible.
Multilevel septic tank. A rather expensive and bulky structure, difficult to install and operate, consisting of 3 or more tanks interconnected.
In each part of such a septic tank, the waste is cleaned, divided into silty masses and process water. Purified water can be drained into a stocked pond or used for irrigation.
Caring for a multi-level septic tank consists in constant leveling from distortions that are inevitable in the soil, especially with uneven filling of containers and removal of silty waste.
Level 3. The device of the additional cleaning system
These are filtration wells and fields, the arrangement of which allows for the final treatment of wastewater. If you are a happy owner of several hectares, you can afford such a luxury and arrange wonderful lawns and lawns, under which sewage becomes crystal clear.
Under normal conditions, especially on 6-12 acres, the proposal to arrange filtration fields is puzzling. It’s easier to call a sewage truck or manually pump out silt masses from a septic tank once a year or two.
Level 4. Buying one of the biological treatment systems
Usually biological treatment facilities are supplied as a single complex, the cost is from 70 thousand rubles plus the cost of work (about 10% of the cost).
With regular maintenance, which usually consists of monitoring the integrity of the system and excavating and then replacing consumables, bio-wastewater systems usually do their job perfectly.
Control is carried out approximately once a year, the cost is quite acceptable and complies with the service contract concluded at the time of installation.
In general, the system can be considered as a compact and efficient septic tank.
Scheme and principle of operation of the optimal system for a private house
The optimal cleaning system is a split system. For example, fecal waste is cleaned using a peat dry closet.
To clean the drain water from the washing machine, shower, kitchen waste, there is a septic tank or a storage tank for waste water.
For laundry and hygiene procedures, environmentally friendly products are used to simplify the cleaning system and use solid and semi-liquid waste from drain systems for the production of compost fertilizers. In this case, the excavation of waste can be carried out independently.
Other options are possible. Some cleaning systems require an electrical connection, since the device includes a forced ventilation compressor.
System care
Astra - a compact septic tank in the ground
Any waste recycling system requires maintenance, pumping out waste, replacing reagents, whether it be peat or other absorbent material.
It is necessary to monitor the safety of containers.
The consequence of a break in the treatment tank may be an unpleasant odor in the area, a sharp decrease in the quality of water from the well.
Large containers are subjected to soil pressure, groundwater action. To control the level of groundwater, it is necessary to establish a storm sewer.
Perhaps you will be interested. Positive and negative opinions of the owners of cleaning systems.
In the news, read about storm sewer trays.
And here everything is about septic tanks for a private house, prices and the principle of operation. Find out how demanding they are to maintain and how often they need to be cleaned.
Stormwater treatment plants
Conventionally, sewage can be divided into three types:- Sewerage and treatment systems for the removal and processing of fecal matter ( high level pollution and biological activity)
- Domestic waste water, vegetable cleaning. When using active chemicals Wastewater poses a high environmental hazard. In case of refusal to use aggressive household chemicals, wastewater, although it needs to be cleaned, does not pose a serious danger to the environment.
- Rain and melt water . For the removal and drainage of the site, it is required to organize the removal of rain and melt wastewater.
Storm water treatment plant perform the function of diverting excess rainwater into drainage channels. Precipitation that falls in excess is absorbed into the ground and raises the level of groundwater. Groundwater has a powerful corrosive effect.
Building foundations may be damaged. If groundwater enters the well, it is necessary to pump out the water. Sewer tanks, even fixed with concrete slabs, high groundwater can simply be pushed out of the ground.
The containers are very likely to be damaged and their contents splashed onto the ground. Accordingly, disinfection is required.
How is storm sewer arranged?
This is a system of shallow grooves with waterproofing arranged to prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground.
Plastic drainage pipes, or halves of pipes, are laid at the bottom of the grooves, leaving the top open.
Grooves with laid pipes should have a slope towards the drain.
Usually, storm sewers are arranged around the house to protect the foundation and under the paths, leading the drainage system into a ditch.
In areas with high standing groundwater, deep ditches are usually dug, drying the soil. Storm sewers are directed into these ditches. There are also options for draining storm water into the sewer system.
It is logical to consider the option of draining rainwater into the sewer if it is impossible to drain it into the ditch or in the presence of a stocked pond, which is filled with purified water from a septic tank.
After fiddling with the construction of your own wastewater treatment systems, you begin to understand Western environmental movements.